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单词 angelica
释义

angelican.

Brit. /anˈdʒɛlᵻkə/, U.S. /ænˈdʒɛləkə/
Forms:

α. 1500s angellica, 1500s– angelica.

β. 1600s–1700s angelico, 1600s–1700s angellico.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin angelica.
Etymology: < post-classical Latin angelica (13th cent. in a British source in an Anglo-Norman context; 1520 or earlier in continental (frequently German) sources; also a1250, 14th cent. in British sources in uncertain sense, perhaps ‘spurge laurel’; adopted as a genus name in Linnaeus Species Plantarum (1753) I. 250), use as noun (short for herba angelica , literally ‘angelic herb’) of feminine of angelicus angelic adj.1 The plant was so named on account of its reputed efficacy against poison and pestilence, probably because of the fragrant smell and aromatic taste of its root.Parallels in other European languages. Compare Middle French angelique , French angélique (1538 denoting the plant, 1737 denoting candied angelica root; the sense ‘angel water’ is not attested in French), Spanish angélica (a1453), Italian angelica (a1577); also Dutch angelica (second half of the 16th cent.), Middle Low German angelike , German Angelika (1515 (in the source translated in quot. 1527 at sense 1a) or earlier as †angelica ), Swedish angelika (early 17th cent.). Specific forms. The β. forms appear to reflect uncertainty in English about the quality of final unstressed vowels in Romance loanwords; compare -ado suffix. Specific senses. In quot. 1981 at sense 1b after French angélique (1971 in this sense in the passage translated). With sense 2 compare angel water n. and its probable French model.
1.
a. Originally: an aromatic umbelliferous plant native to northern and eastern Europe, Angelica archangelica (family Apiaceae), cultivated for its seeds and stems which are used as a flavouring and in confectionery, and for its roots which are used medicinally. In later use also: any of various other plants of (or formerly included in) the genus Angelica (chiefly with distinguishing word).Some species were previously included in the former genus Archangelica. Cf. archangel n.1 2c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > medicinal and culinary plants > medicinal and culinary plant or part of plant > [noun] > angelica
angelica1527
lungwort1552
Holy Ghost1562
alexanders1637
jellico1853
archangel1855
1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. A.4v/2 A Water of Angelica is the moost worthyest water that may be founde against the pestilence.
1601 R. Chester Loves Martyr 92 There is Angellica or Dwarfe Gentian, Whose roote being dride in the hot shinning Sunne, From death it doth preserue the poysoned man.
1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician i. 30/1 Take of Conserve of Garden Scurvigrass 1 ounce and an half,..of Candied Angelico, preserved Nutmeg, each half an ounce.
1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xvii. 241 Angelica has large globose umbels.
1842 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. & Arts 42 25 It [sc. Ligusticum actæifolium] is here termed Angelico; while in Virginia it is called Nondo.
1862 C. E. Francatelli Royal Eng. & Foreign Confectioner ii. 9 Cut the tubes, or stalks, of angelica into six-inch lengths; wash them clean, and then scald them.
1953 Arctic 6 28 In North America the closely related Purple Angelica (Angelica atropurpurea) and Seacoast Angelica (Coelopleurum lucidum) are found.
2007 G. Allen Herbalist in Kitchen vii. 35 Angelica has a sweet, aromatic flavour, a bit like anise, but with spicy undertones that suggest celery, iris blossoms, and musk.
b. figurative and in figurative contexts, as the type of something good or desirable. rare.
ΚΠ
1593 G. Harvey New Let. Notable Contents sig. C3v Conuerting the wormewood of iust offence into the angelica of pure attonement.
1981 R. Ellenwood tr. C. Gauvreau Entrails 149 It was to stay in the cove of your presence, to stop from being driven far from you before I'd plucked the angelica [Fr. l'angélique] of your contact.
2. Angelica water; = angelica water n. at Compounds 2. Cf. angel water n. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume > specifically
ewrosec1350
stacte1382
oil of rosesa1398
rose watera1398
sandalc1400
musk?a1425
damask water?1520
malabathrum1543
orris1545
civet1553
ambracan1555
rose cake1559
lavender-water1563
oil of spikenard1565
zibet1594
orange-flower water1595
orris powder?1600
spike-oil1611
angel water1634
cypress-powder1634
angelica1653
jasmine1670
jessamy1671
rosat1674
frangipane1676
marechale1676
orangery1676
tuberose1682
jasmine-water1750
otto1759
rose geranium1773
millefleurs1775
new-mown hay1789
attar1798
eau-de-Cologne1802
Cologne1814
dedes1817
eau de Portugal1825
verbena1837
rondeletia1838
bay-rum1840
Florida water1840
citronelle1841
patchouli1843
citronella1849
gardenia1851
sandalwood oil1851
Ess Bouquet1855
marmala water1857
mignonette1858
spikenard oil1861
sandalwood1865
serpolet1866
ylang-ylang1876
flower-water1886
lily1890
lilac1895
stephanotis1895
tea rose1897
chypre1898
Peau d'Espagne1898
violette de Parme1904
poppy1905
Parma violet1907
wallflower1907
1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 1st Bk. Wks. lv. 243 Spirit of roses, orange-flower-water and Angelica [Fr. eau d'ange].
1676 J. Beal in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 587 The Thymes..do make a sprightful..infusion in Angelico, against Contagions.
3. The bright green candied stem of the angelica plant (see sense 1a) used in cooking and confectionery, often to decorate cakes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > preserve > [noun] > candied angelica root
angelica root1652
angelica1770
1770 Borella Court & Country Confectioner 237 Take lemon, angelica, and orange dry, cut them in small bits and mix them with almonds.
1874 C. Rossetti Speaking Likenesses 39 The Queen consumed with her own mouth and of sweets alone one quart of strawberry ice, three pine apples,..and about four dozen sticks of angelica.
1951 Good Housek. Home Encycl. 516/1 Tutti Frutti: Add chopped pistachio nuts, cherries and angelica.
2013 Guardian (Nexis) 1 June (Cook section) 8 Layers of angelica, candied citrus peel and cherries are piled up to make a delicious edible flower decoration.

Compounds

C1. General use as a modifier, as angelica root, angelica stem, etc.Recorded earliest in angelica water n. at Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > preserve > [noun] > candied angelica root
angelica root1652
angelica1770
1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. A.ivv/2, (heading) Of Angelica water.
1652 J. French York-shire Spaw ix. 84 Elecampany root candied, or for want thereof Angelica root.
1732 C. Carter Compl. City & Country Cook 200 Take four pounds of fresh red Corn Poppies, put them into a Gallon of Brandy, add Angelica Seeds and Caraway Seeds bruised.
1863 S. Baring-Gould Iceland 112 The beautiful angelica leaf starred the black soil.
1922 E. Kremers tr. E. Gildermeister Volatile Oils III. 366 Angelica fruits yield upon distillation 0.7 to 1.5 p.c. of oil.
2006 A. Green Field Guide Herbs & Spices 5 Sometimes imitations made of green jelly are passed off as real angelica stem.
C2.
angelica tree n. any of several shrubs or small trees of the genus Aralia (family Araliaceae), which are frequently cultivated as ornamentals for their panicles of cream flowers and are sometimes regarded as invasive; esp. the devil's walking stick A. spinosa.Also with distinguishing word. [Compare post-classical Latin angelica arborescens (1686 or earlier).]
ΚΠ
1727 R. Furber Catal. Eng. & Foreign Trees 2 Sorts of Exoticks that require a warm Situation, with some Care, in the Winter, to preserve them whilst Young. Angelica Tree. Dwarf Spira Cassia. Virginia Indigo-Tree.
1907 Biltmore Nursery Catal. 22 A[ralia] spinosa. Angelica Tree. Hercules' Club. A small tree or large shrub with stout, prickly stems and compound leaves.
1989 N.Y. Times 5 Nov. xx14/5 We visited Leao Beach, a half-hour walk..down a path bordered by shoulder-high angelica trees that emit a scent like jasmine.
2017 @TreesofNJ 28 June in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Japanese Angelica tree is highly invasive. Do not plant this!
angelica water n. now chiefly historical an aqueous solution of angelica ( Angelica archangelica), originally used medicinally and later also used in perfumery; cf. angel water n. [Originally after early modern German angelica wasser (1515 in the source translated in quots. 1527 at sense 1a, 1527; German Angelikawasser ); compare later angel water n.]
ΚΠ
1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. A.4v/2, (heading) Of Angelica water.
1741 T. Tanner Pract. Treat. Small-pox & Measles 11 Take of plague and treacle water each two ounces; angelica water one ounce.
1836 E. Copley Cook's Compl. Guide iii. 701 Angelica Water. Take eight handfuls of the leaves of angelica,..put them into an earthen vessel, with four quarts of strong wine lees, to infuse for twenty hours.
1879 Newcastle Courant 20 June 6/3 My nostrils yet sicken with the nauseous smells of angelica water and rose water that whiffed from his perruque every instant.
1999 National Trust Mag. Summer 80/3 A contemporary recipe for glove perfume comprised angelica water, rose water, ground cloves, ambergris, musk, aloeswood, benzoin and Carduus aromaticus.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.1527
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