forerunnern.

Brit.

/ˈfɔːˌrʌnə/,

/(ˌ)fɔːˈrʌnə/, U.S.

/ˈfɔrˌrənər/

Etymology: < fore-run v. + -er suffix¹.

a. One who runs before, esp. one sent to prepare the way and herald a great man's approach, a harbinger; also, a guide. Chiefly transferred and figurative.First used figuratively as rendering of Latin præcursor, esp. of John the Baptist as ‘the Forerunner of Christ’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [noun] > antecedent or precursor

forerunnerOE

forridelc1000

messengerc1300

precursora1500

waymaker1574

postiliona1586

ushera1586

precedence1598

vaunt-courier1598

precedent1599

prodromus1602

ante-disposition1611

precedency1611

prodrome1611

antecedent1612

antedating1633

leading card1635

prodromy1647

antecessor1657

precursorya1660

prodromist1716

morning star1721

skirmisher1820

antecursor1850

the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > going first or in front > [noun] > one who goes first

forerunnerOE

before-runnera1382

foregoer1382

foremanc1425

fore-rider1488

precursora1500

forewalker1529

precedent1599

precurrer1601

beginnerc1613

frontliner1895

society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > [noun] > one who guides or leads

way-witterc1275

leadera1300

lodesmanc1300

predecessora1325

guide1362

duistre1393

conduct1423

way-leaderc1450

guiderc1475

conductor1481

leadsmanc1510

janissary1565

Palinurus1567

forerunner1576

convoy1581

mercury1592

pilota1635

accompanier1753

runner1867

OE (Northumbrian) Liturgical Texts (Durham Ritual) in A. H. Thompson & U. Lindelöf Rituale Ecclesiae Dunelmensis (1927) 56 Presta..ut familia tua..beati iohannis precursoris ortamenta sectando ad eum quem predixit secura perueniat : gearuig..þætte higo ðin..eadges ioh’ foreiornere gitrymniso fylgincgo to hine ðone forecuoeð sorgleas ðerhcyme.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13208 For-þi es he cald his foriner [MS. app. reads former; Gött. forinnier, Trin. Cambr. forgoer], And cristes aun messenger.

c1440 York Myst. xxi. 16 Þus am I comen in message right, And be fore-reyner in certayne.

1541 M. Coverdale tr. H. Bullinger Olde Fayth sig. Eviiij John the baptist, whiche was the fore runner of..Christ.

1576 A. Fleming tr. Hippocrates in Panoplie Epist. 292 Followyng y^e infallible foot~steps of thy forerunner Nature.

1634 T. Heywood & R. Brome Late Lancashire Witches i. sig. B2^v Farewell Gentlemen, Ile be your fore-runner, To give him notice of your visite.

a1711 T. Ken Preparatives for Death in Wks. (1721) IV. 144 Death our Fore-runner is, and guides To Sion.

1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. i. 520 Did he some loan..require, Or came fore-runner of your scepter'd Sire?

1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 594 The Forerunner of our Lord.

1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 75 When Claudius the..forerunner of the Roman army, appeared at Rhegium.

b. In transferred use applied to things.

ΚΠ

1579 E. K. in E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Mar. 11 Gloss. The swallow..useth to be counted..the forerunner of springe.

1622 A. Sparrow Rationale Bk. Common Prayer (1661) 115 Advent Sundaies..are to Christmas Day..forerunners to prepare for it.

1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge Contents The Introduction or forerunner.

1751 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 4 Feb. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1672 A sort of panegyric of you..which will be a very useful fore-runner for you.

c. plural. The advance-guard of an army. Chiefly transferred and figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > part of army by position > [noun] > van or front

forerunnerseOE

vantward1297

formerward13..

forme-ward13..

vamward1338

fronta1375

pointa1382

frontier?a1400

vawarda1400

forayc1425

avantwardc1440

avant-garde1470

vanward1476

vantguard1485

vanguard1487

foreward1490

forefront1513

foremen1577

forefight?1611

vaunta1616

van1633

first line1663

front line1677

firing line1859

eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in W. G. Stryker Lat.-Old Eng. Gloss. in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1951) 185 Felethi, feþemen, feþehere. Felethei, foreirnerum.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Wisd. xii. 8 Thou..sendest y^e forerunners of thyne hoost, euen hornettes.

1661 Pagitt's Heresiogr. (ed. 6) 276 They..cryed out, that they were the fore-runner of Popery.

1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 233 Four thousand cavalry..had been sent forward by Servilius as his forerunners.

d. Skiing. [translating German vorläufer.] A skier who runs over the course as a preliminary to a skiing race.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > ski racing or race > [noun] > participant > forerunner to establish standard

forerunner1949

vorlaufer1961

1949 P. Cummings Dict. Sports Forerunner (Skiing), one who breaks a trail first before a competition starts.

1964 Times 31 Jan. 4/1 Three forerunners then came down to open the course.

2. One whom another follows or comes after, a predecessor; also, an ancestor.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > ancestor > [noun]

elder-fathereOE

fatherOE

elder971

alderOE

eldfatherOE

forme-fadera1200

ancestorc1300

grandsirec1300

aiela1325

belsirea1325

predecessora1325

forefather1377

morea1382

progenitorc1384

antecessorc1400

forn-fatherc1460

forebear1488

ancient1540

antecestrec1550

fore-grandsirec1550

grandfather1575

ascendant1604

forerunnera1616

ancienter1654

tupuna1845

the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [noun] > one who goes first or predecessor

ancestorc1300

foreganger1340

before-goerc1384

antecessora1387

predecessora1387

oldersc1450

precessor1454

forn-goer1483

before-gangerc1520

Adam1553

foregoer1556

preventer1598

forerunnera1616

decessor1647

first-comer1690

precursor1792

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 2 Arthur that great fore-runner of thy bloud.

1683 D. A. Whole Art Converse 7 Long descriptions of their own Pedigree, and grandure of their fore-runners.

1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 28 My..observations will be altogether of a different cast from any of my fore~runners.

1866 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 1st Ser. 15 Comte claims Hume as his chief forerunner in philosophy.

in extended use.1664 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders (new ed.) i. sig. a The fore-runner of this Discourse was printed and dedicated to the King.

3. That which foreruns or foreshadows something else; a prognostic or sign of something to follow.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > [noun]

foretokenc888

tokeningc888

beaconc950

token971

handsela1200

boding1297

wonder1297

bodec1374

signa1387

foreboding1387

prenostica1393

prognosticc1425

prophetc1430

prognostication?a1439

ostentationa1450

prenostication?a1450

prodigy?a1450

augurationc1450

preparative1460

prenosticate?a1475

prenosticative?a1475

prodige1482

prenosticature1490

tokener1513

weird1513

show token1535

luck1538

prognosticate1541

preamble1548

proffer1548

presagition?c1550

foreshower1555

presage1560

portent1562

ostent1570

presagie1581

omen1582

presagement1586

luck sign1587

augury1588

prognosticon1588

forerunner1589

presager1591

halfner1594

spae1596

abode1598

oss1600

assign1601

augur1603

bodement1613

predictiona1616

prognosticala1618

bespeaker1624

portender1635

pre-indicant1659

foreshadow1834

boder1846

prognosticant1880

sky sign1880

1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. D2^v The wrongs of my youth, are the forerunners of my woes in age.

1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 130 A convulsion..often-times is a fore-runner or a messenger of death.

1764 T. Harmer Observ. Passages Script. xvii. 42 A squall of wind and clouds of dust are the usual forerunners of these first rains.

1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 112 The famine and the pestilence which are usually the last outcome and not the forerunners of a siege.

4. Nautical.

a. A rope fastened to a harpoon. Cf. foreganger n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > whaling and seal-hunting > whaling > whaling equipment > [noun] > rope or line > attached to harpoon

forerunner1694

striking-line1827

short-warp1851

warp1897

1694 Acct. Several Late Voy. (1711) ii. 158 The first of them is ty'd to the Fore-runner, or small Line.

b. A rope rove through a single block on the foremast.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > rigging > [noun] > running rigging > rope for hoisting rigging

girt-line1769

forerunner1805

gantline1840

1805 in Ld. Nelson Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. 189 (note) Got forerunners and tackles forward to secure foremast.

c. (See quots.)

ΚΠ

1815 W. Burney Falconer's New Universal Dict. Marine (rev. ed.) Fore-runner of the log-line, a small piece of red buntin, laid into that line at a certain distance from the log.

1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 106 Fore-runner, a piece of rag, terminating the stray-line of the log line.

Derivatives

ˈforeˌrunnership n. the condition or dignity of a forerunner.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > going first or in front > [noun] > one who goes first > condition of

forerunnership1881

1881 A. B. Bruce Chief End Revel. vi. 300 This fore~runnership of Christ.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	forerunner
释义	forerunnern. Brit. /ˈfɔːˌrʌnə/, /(ˌ)fɔːˈrʌnə/, U.S. /ˈfɔrˌrənər/ Etymology: < fore-run v. + -er suffix¹. 1. a. One who runs before, esp. one sent to prepare the way and herald a great man's approach, a harbinger; also, a guide. Chiefly transferred and figurative.First used figuratively as rendering of Latin præcursor, esp. of John the Baptist as ‘the Forerunner of Christ’. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [noun] > antecedent or precursor forerunnerOE forridelc1000 messengerc1300 precursora1500 waymaker1574 postiliona1586 ushera1586 precedence1598 vaunt-courier1598 precedent1599 prodromus1602 ante-disposition1611 precedency1611 prodrome1611 antecedent1612 antedating1633 leading card1635 prodromy1647 antecessor1657 precursorya1660 prodromist1716 morning star1721 skirmisher1820 antecursor1850 the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > going first or in front > [noun] > one who goes first forerunnerOE before-runnera1382 foregoer1382 foremanc1425 fore-rider1488 precursora1500 forewalker1529 precedent1599 precurrer1601 beginnerc1613 frontliner1895 society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > [noun] > one who guides or leads way-witterc1275 leadera1300 lodesmanc1300 predecessora1325 guide1362 duistre1393 conduct1423 way-leaderc1450 guiderc1475 conductor1481 leadsmanc1510 janissary1565 Palinurus1567 forerunner1576 convoy1581 mercury1592 pilota1635 accompanier1753 runner1867 OE (Northumbrian) Liturgical Texts (Durham Ritual) in A. H. Thompson & U. Lindelöf Rituale Ecclesiae Dunelmensis (1927) 56 Presta..ut familia tua..beati iohannis precursoris ortamenta sectando ad eum quem predixit secura perueniat : gearuig..þætte higo ðin..eadges ioh’ foreiornere gitrymniso fylgincgo to hine ðone forecuoeð sorgleas ðerhcyme. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13208 For-þi es he cald his foriner [MS. app. reads former; Gött. forinnier, Trin. Cambr. forgoer], And cristes aun messenger. c1440 York Myst. xxi. 16 Þus am I comen in message right, And be fore-reyner in certayne. 1541 M. Coverdale tr. H. Bullinger Olde Fayth sig. Eviiij John the baptist, whiche was the fore runner of..Christ. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Hippocrates in Panoplie Epist. 292 Followyng y^e infallible foot~steps of thy forerunner Nature. 1634 T. Heywood & R. Brome Late Lancashire Witches i. sig. B2^v Farewell Gentlemen, Ile be your fore-runner, To give him notice of your visite. a1711 T. Ken Preparatives for Death in Wks. (1721) IV. 144 Death our Fore-runner is, and guides To Sion. 1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. i. 520 Did he some loan..require, Or came fore-runner of your scepter'd Sire? 1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 594 The Forerunner of our Lord. 1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 75 When Claudius the..forerunner of the Roman army, appeared at Rhegium. b. In transferred use applied to things. ΚΠ 1579 E. K. in E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Mar. 11 Gloss. The swallow..useth to be counted..the forerunner of springe. 1622 A. Sparrow Rationale Bk. Common Prayer (1661) 115 Advent Sundaies..are to Christmas Day..forerunners to prepare for it. 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge Contents The Introduction or forerunner. 1751 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 4 Feb. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1672 A sort of panegyric of you..which will be a very useful fore-runner for you. c. plural. The advance-guard of an army. Chiefly transferred and figurative. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > part of army by position > [noun] > van or front forerunnerseOE vantward1297 formerward13.. forme-ward13.. vamward1338 fronta1375 pointa1382 frontier?a1400 vawarda1400 forayc1425 avantwardc1440 avant-garde1470 vanward1476 vantguard1485 vanguard1487 foreward1490 forefront1513 foremen1577 forefight?1611 vaunta1616 van1633 first line1663 front line1677 firing line1859 eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in W. G. Stryker Lat.-Old Eng. Gloss. in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1951) 185 Felethi, feþemen, feþehere. Felethei, foreirnerum. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Wisd. xii. 8 Thou..sendest y^e forerunners of thyne hoost, euen hornettes. 1661 Pagitt's Heresiogr. (ed. 6) 276 They..cryed out, that they were the fore-runner of Popery. 1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 233 Four thousand cavalry..had been sent forward by Servilius as his forerunners. d. Skiing. [translating German vorläufer.] A skier who runs over the course as a preliminary to a skiing race. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > ski racing or race > [noun] > participant > forerunner to establish standard forerunner1949 vorlaufer1961 1949 P. Cummings Dict. Sports Forerunner (Skiing), one who breaks a trail first before a competition starts. 1964 Times 31 Jan. 4/1 Three forerunners then came down to open the course. 2. One whom another follows or comes after, a predecessor; also, an ancestor. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > ancestor > [noun] elder-fathereOE fatherOE elder971 alderOE eldfatherOE forme-fadera1200 ancestorc1300 grandsirec1300 aiela1325 belsirea1325 predecessora1325 forefather1377 morea1382 progenitorc1384 antecessorc1400 forn-fatherc1460 forebear1488 ancient1540 antecestrec1550 fore-grandsirec1550 grandfather1575 ascendant1604 forerunnera1616 ancienter1654 tupuna1845 the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [noun] > one who goes first or predecessor ancestorc1300 foreganger1340 before-goerc1384 antecessora1387 predecessora1387 oldersc1450 precessor1454 forn-goer1483 before-gangerc1520 Adam1553 foregoer1556 preventer1598 forerunnera1616 decessor1647 first-comer1690 precursor1792 a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 2 Arthur that great fore-runner of thy bloud. View more context for this quotation 1683 D. A. Whole Art Converse 7 Long descriptions of their own Pedigree, and grandure of their fore-runners. 1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 28 My..observations will be altogether of a different cast from any of my fore~runners. 1866 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 1st Ser. 15 Comte claims Hume as his chief forerunner in philosophy. in extended use.1664 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders (new ed.) i. sig. a The fore-runner of this Discourse was printed and dedicated to the King. 3. That which foreruns or foreshadows something else; a prognostic or sign of something to follow. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > [noun] foretokenc888 tokeningc888 beaconc950 token971 handsela1200 boding1297 wonder1297 bodec1374 signa1387 foreboding1387 prenostica1393 prognosticc1425 prophetc1430 prognostication?a1439 ostentationa1450 prenostication?a1450 prodigy?a1450 augurationc1450 preparative1460 prenosticate?a1475 prenosticative?a1475 prodige1482 prenosticature1490 tokener1513 weird1513 show token1535 luck1538 prognosticate1541 preamble1548 proffer1548 presagition?c1550 foreshower1555 presage1560 portent1562 ostent1570 presagie1581 omen1582 presagement1586 luck sign1587 augury1588 prognosticon1588 forerunner1589 presager1591 halfner1594 spae1596 abode1598 oss1600 assign1601 augur1603 bodement1613 predictiona1616 prognosticala1618 bespeaker1624 portender1635 pre-indicant1659 foreshadow1834 boder1846 prognosticant1880 sky sign1880 1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. D2^v The wrongs of my youth, are the forerunners of my woes in age. 1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 130 A convulsion..often-times is a fore-runner or a messenger of death. 1764 T. Harmer Observ. Passages Script. xvii. 42 A squall of wind and clouds of dust are the usual forerunners of these first rains. 1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 112 The famine and the pestilence which are usually the last outcome and not the forerunners of a siege. 4. Nautical. a. A rope fastened to a harpoon. Cf. foreganger n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > whaling and seal-hunting > whaling > whaling equipment > [noun] > rope or line > attached to harpoon forerunner1694 striking-line1827 short-warp1851 warp1897 1694 Acct. Several Late Voy. (1711) ii. 158 The first of them is ty'd to the Fore-runner, or small Line. b. A rope rove through a single block on the foremast. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > rigging > [noun] > running rigging > rope for hoisting rigging girt-line1769 forerunner1805 gantline1840 1805 in Ld. Nelson Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. 189 (note) Got forerunners and tackles forward to secure foremast. c. (See quots.) ΚΠ 1815 W. Burney Falconer's New Universal Dict. Marine (rev. ed.) Fore-runner of the log-line, a small piece of red buntin, laid into that line at a certain distance from the log. 1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 106 Fore-runner, a piece of rag, terminating the stray-line of the log line. Derivatives ˈforeˌrunnership n. the condition or dignity of a forerunner. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > going first or in front > [noun] > one who goes first > condition of forerunnership1881 1881 A. B. Bruce Chief End Revel. vi. 300 This fore~runnership of Christ. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.eOE
随便看	concoctor concoctors concocts concocture concolor concolorate concolorous concolour concolumn concomitance concomitances concomitancies concomitancy concomitaneous concomitant concomitantly concomitants concomitate concomitation concoquent concord concord coach or wagon concord grape concord grapes concord-coin