单词 | fraud |
释义 | fraudn. 1. The quality or disposition of being deceitful; faithlessness, insincerity. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [noun] > quality of swikeldoma1250 swikelhedea1250 falsehood1297 deceit1303 falsenessc1330 fraud?a1400 dolosity1401 guilefulnessa1425 feignedness1435 deceitfulness1509 deceivableness1526 knavishness1528 braidienessa1600 fallacy1641 trickiness1723 trickishness1788 deceptiveness1837 snakiness1842 sophistic1868 snakishness1901 ?a1400 Morte Arth. 3919 Alle for falsede, and frawde. c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems 162 Fle doubilnesse, fraud, and collusioun. ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 47 I semyt sober and sueit and sempill without fraud. 1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing ii. iii. 71 The fraud of men was euer so. View more context for this quotation 1672 A. Marvell Let. 2 Nov. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 275 I do not belieue there is any fraud in him. 1718 Mem. Life J. Kettlewell ii. xxvi. 128 A Person of Simplicity without Fraud. 1827 T. B. Macaulay Machiavelli in Ess. (1854) 36 Vices..which are the natural defence of weakness, fraud and hypocrisy. 2. a. Criminal deception; the using of false representations to obtain an unjust advantage or to injure the rights or interests of another. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > [noun] falsec1000 fraudc1330 barrat1340 faitery1377 defraudc1450 trumpery1481 covin1487 defraudationc1503 knavery1528 conveyance1531 imposture1537 defrauding1548 cozenage1583 impostry1585 catch-dolt1592 gullery1598 coggery1602 gullage1607 charlatism1611 impostury1615 quacksalvery1617 mountebankery1618 imposition1632 imposturisma1634 blaflum1637 charlatanry1638 defraudment1645 mountebankism1649 impostorya1652 impostorism1652 imposturage1654 impostery1656 mountebank1657 imposing1659 quackery1675 quackism1722 empiricism1774 cross1802 charlatanism1804 practitionery1818 cozenry1829 humbuggery1831 trick1833 thimble-shift1834 thimble-shifting1834 thimbleriggery1841 humbuggism1842 quackhood1843 quacksalverism1864 razzle-dazzle1928 spivery1948 shuck1958 shucking and jiving1969 society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > concealment of truth > criminal deception fraudc1330 crimen falsi1602 stellature1608 stellionate1622 estafa1903 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 128 In alle manere cause he sought þe right in skille, To gile no to fraude wild he neuer tille. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark x. 19 Do no fraude, worschipe thi fadir and modir. 1570 B. Googe tr. T. Kirchmeyer Popish Kingdome i. f. 7 But safely keepes that he hath long, with frawde and lying got. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 646 To work in close design, by fraud or guile, What force effected not. View more context for this quotation 1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. vi. 95 They look upon Fraud as a greater Crime than Theft. 1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Devereux II. ii. iii. 51 Fraud has been practised. b. in Law. in fraud of, to the fraud of: so as to defraud; also, to the detriment or hindrance of. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [phrase] > so as to defraud or disadvantage in fraud of1590 to the fraud of1590 1278 Stat. Glouc. 6 Edw. I c. 11 Ou par collusiun ou par fraude pur fere le termer perdre sun terme. 1292 Britton i. ii. §11 Ne nule manere de fraude.] 1590 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes iv. f. 151 The condition is reiected, as being made in fraude of mariage. a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 23 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) The same Statutes..are often..wrested to the fraude of the Subject. 1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon 265/2 Fraud, all deceitful practices in defrauding or endeavouring to defraud another of his known right, by means of some artful device, contrary to the plain rule of common honesty. 1874 Stephen's New Comm. Laws Eng. (ed. 7) II. iii. ii. 268 And shall not have deposited or invested in fraud of his creditors. 3. a. An act or instance of deception, an artifice by which the right or interest of another is injured, a dishonest trick or stratagem. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > [noun] > instance of braida1000 fraudc1374 mock1523 brogue1537 flim-flamc1538 imposture1548 lie1560 cozening1576 smoke-hole1580 gullery1598 gull1600 cog1602 coggery1602 fraudulency1630 imposition1632 cheat1649 fourbery1650 prestige1656 sham1677 crimp1684 bite1711 humbug1750 swindle1778 hookum-snivey1781 shim-sham1797 gag1805 intake1808 racket1819 wooden nutmeg1822 sell1838 caper1851 skin game1879 Kaffir bargain1899 swizzle1913 swizz1915 put-on1919 ready-up1924 rort1926 jack-up1945 c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) i. pr. iv. 9 The iustice Regal hadde whilom demed hem bothe to gon into exil for hir trecheryes and fraudes. c1440 York Myst. xxxiii. 131 If ȝe feyne slike frawdis. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Div Mo than a thousande ways he hath, by his craftly fraudes to deceyue man. 1691 J. Hartcliffe Treat. Virtues 317 The Pharisees..made great shews of Piety, to cover their Frauds and Rapines. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 126. ⁋4 Declaiming against the frauds of any employment. 1836 J. Gilbert Christian Atonem. iii. 100 The fraud of imputing guilt to a known innocent being. 1866 C. M. Yonge Cameos lxxvi, in Monthly Packet May 401 Most of the Dauphin's followers gloried in their successful fraud and murder. b. in Law. statute of frauds: the statute 29 Chas. II, c. 3, by which written memoranda were in many cases required to give validity to a contract. ΘΚΠ society > law > types of laws > [noun] > commercial or revenue sizea1300 assizea1330 indiction1586 poll bill1641 frumentarian law1652 statute of the staple1657 statute of frauds1678 Gin Act1730 Pot Act1733 Stamp Act1765 Stamp-Bill1765 corn law1766 Bumboat Act1796 Maine law1852 permissive bill1864 lemon law1981 1678 Act 29 Chas. II c. 3 (title) An Act for Prevention of Frauds and Perjuries. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. i. 362 The frauds, naturally consequent upon this provision..produced [etc.]. 1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 29 Which prevents the statute of Frauds from being a bar. 1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law vii. 38 An instance of what is deemed a sufficient fraud to enable equity to relieve. c. pious fraud: a deception practised for the furtherance of what is considered a good object; esp. for the advancement of religion. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > [noun] > instance of > for worthy cause pious fraud1678 1632 Contin. Hist Forrein Martyrs 32/1 in Foxe's Acts & Monuments (ed. 7) III Their accustomed lies, which they term Fraudes pieuses, pious beguilings.] 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 319 There is too much cause to suspect that there have been some Pious Frauds practised upon these Trismegistick Writings. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 419. ¶5 Pious Frauds were made use of to amuse Mankind. 1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity I. iii. vii. 462 The pious fraud of a nurse, who had substituted her own child for the youngest of the Emperor. 4. a. A method or means of defrauding or deceiving; a fraudulent contrivance; in modern colloquial use, a spurious or deceptive thing. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > [noun] > fraudulent device figment?a1475 cogc1555 fraud1658 joker1858 gold brick1865 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > [noun] > something false or forged falsehood1340 counterfeiture1548 forgery1574 bastard1581 man of straw1599 counterfeit1613 imitationa1616 mock1646 pasteboard1648 sophistication1664 imposture1699 fraud1725 sham1728 adulteration1756 falsity1780 duff1781 shim-sham1797 shammy1822 Hodge-razor1843 pinchbeck1847 shice1859 cook-up1865 postiche1876 fakery1880 fake1883 bogosity1893 spuriosity1894 dud1897 cluck1904 rake-up1957 bodgie1988 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall iv. 57 They had an happy fraud against excessive lamentation, by a common opinion that deep sorrows disturbed their ghosts. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 139 Surprise him first, and with hard Fetters bind; Then all his Frauds will vanish into Wind. View more context for this quotation 1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. iv. 597 New from the corse, the scaly frauds diffuse Unsavoury stench of oil. 1782 W. Cowper Progress of Error in Poems 17 Not all..Can..Discern the fraud beneath the specious lure. 1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times III. 5 Many persons persisted in believing that his supposed suicide was but another fraud. 1890 L. B. Walford Mischief of Monica i The whole place is a fraud..we can't live in a villa. b. colloquial of a person: One who is not what he appears to be; an impostor, a humbug; spec. U.S. (see quot. 1895). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > a charlatan, fraudster > [noun] shondc725 faitoura1340 fob1393 trumper?c1450 feature14.. chuffera1500 prowler1519 truphane1568 cozener1575 cogger1580 pretender1583 impostor1586 mountebank1589 sycophant?1589 foolmonger1593 affronter1598 assumer1600 knight (also lord, man, etc.) of gingerbread1602 pettifogger1602 budgeter1603 quacksalver1611 empiric1614 putter-off?1615 quack1638 stafador1638 saltimbanco1646 adventurer1648 fourbe1668 shammer1677 imposer1678 charlatana1680 sham1683 cheat1687 hocus1692 gull1699 shamster1716 coal-blower1720 humbugger1752 gagger1781 fudge1794 humbug1804 potwalloper1820 twister1834 jackleg1844 fraud1850 bunyip1852 empiricist1854 Bayswater Captain1880 bluffer1888 putter-down1906 quandong1939 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > [noun] > one who or that which dissembles feigner1382 pseudo1402 simular1526 simuler1534 colourer1554 counterfeiter1561 truphane1568 counterfeit1574 put-forth1581 pretender1583 impostor1586 idol1590 would-be1607 phantasm1622 farce1696 imposture1699 Barmecide1713 simulator1835 fraud1850 sham1850 fake1855 swindle1858 shammer1861 make-believe1863 hoax1869 economizer1874 make-believer1884 ringer1896 phoney1902 faker1910 shill1976 the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > defrauder or swindler > [noun] feature14.. frauderc1475 prowler1519 lurcher1528 defrauder1552 frauditor1553 taker-upc1555 verserc1555 fogger1564 Jack-in-the-box1570 gilenyer1590 foist1591 rutter1591 crossbiter1592 sharker1594 shark1600 bat-fowler1602 cheater1606 foister1610 operator1611 fraudsman1613 projector1615 smoke-sellera1618 decoy1618 firkera1626 scandaroon1631 snapa1640 cunning shaver1652 knight of industrya1658 chouse1658 cheat1664 sharper1681 jockey1683 rooker1683 fool-finder1685 rookster1697 sheep-shearer1699 bubbler1720 gyp1728 bite1742 swindler1770 pigeon1780 mace1781 gouger1790 needle1790 fly-by-night1796 sharp1797 skinner1797 diddler1803 mace cove1811 mace-gloak1819 macer1819 flat-catcher1821 moonlight wanderer1823 burner1838 Peter Funk1840 Funk1842 pigeoner1849 maceman1850 bester1856 fiddler1857 highway robber1874 bunco-steerer1875 swizzler1876 forty1879 flim-flammer1881 chouser1883 take-down1888 highbinder1890 fraud1895 Sam Slick1897 grafter1899 come-on1905 verneuker1905 gypster1917 chiseller1918 tweedler1925 rorter1926 gazumper1932 chizzer1935 sharpie1942 sharpster1942 slick1959 slickster1965 rip-off artist1968 shonky1970 rip-off merchant1971 1850 C. Dickens in Househ. Words 18 May 169/1 He [sc. the begging-letter writer] is one of the most shameless frauds and impositions of this time. 1885 F. B. Van Voorst Without Compass 12 I had called him an old fraud. 1895 Standard Dict. Fraud..specifically..a person, firm, or corporation declared by the Postmaster-general..to be engaged in obtaining money by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, [etc.]..and therefore debarred from obtaining payment of money-orders or the delivery of registered letters. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > duping, making a fool of > [noun] > state of being fooled cozenage1583 fraud1667 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 643 So glister'd the dire Snake, and into fraud Led Eve. View more context for this quotation 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd i. 372 To all his Angels he propos'd To draw the proud King Ahab into fraud That he might fall in Ramoth. View more context for this quotation Compounds C1. fraud squad n. ΚΠ 1967 Economist 7 Jan. 49/2 There is also the Fraud Squad, of gallant lay policemen undertaking (astonishingly well under the circumstances) inquiries that need the most sophisticated legal and financial expertise. 1971 Times 27 Sept. 3/3 Post Office investigators and members of Scotland Yard's Fraud Squad are searching for a gang of expert forgers. C2. ΚΠ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Dan. xi. 21 He..shal weelde the rewme in fraude doynge. C3. ΚΠ 1600 T. Nashe Summers Last Will sig. F4 Fraud-wanting honestie. C4. fraud order n. U.S. an official order prohibiting the delivery of letters to a firm or individual suspected of making illegal use of the postal service. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > judgement or decision of court > decision in writing or court order > other court orders restraining order1780 administration order1848 restraint order1883 fraud order1905 possession order1920 variation order1940 Anton Piller order1978 1905 E. E. Calkins & R. Holden Art Mod. Advertising 258 It is often impossible to prosecute the advertisers, and the most the post-office department can do is to issue what is known as a fraud order. Such an order peremptorily and without redress stops the mail of the advertiser. 1931 C. Kelly U.S. Postal Policy 150 Under a ‘fraud order’ all mail directed to such persons or company is stamped ‘Fraudulent’ on the outside and returned to the sender. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † fraudv. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To defraud, cheat, or deceive (a person). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > treat fraudulently, cheat [verb (transitive)] deceivec1330 defraud1362 falsec1374 abuse?a1439 fraud1563 visure1570 cozen1583 coney-catch1592 to fetch in1592 cheat1597 sell1607 mountebanka1616 dabc1616 nigglea1625 to put it on1625 shuffle1627 cuckold1644 to put a cheat on1649 tonya1652 fourbe1654 imposturea1659 impose1662 slur1664 knap1665 to pass upon (also on)1673 snub1694 ferret1699 nab1706 shool1745 humbug1750 gag1777 gudgeon1787 kid1811 bronze1817 honeyfuggle1829 Yankee1837 middle1863 fuck1866 fake1867 skunk1867 dead-beat1888 gold-brick1893 slicker1897 screw1900 to play it1901 to do in1906 game1907 gaff1934 scalp1939 sucker1939 sheg1943 swizz1961 butt-fuck1979 the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > defrauding or swindling > perpetrate (a swindle) [verb (transitive)] > defraud or swindle defraud1362 deceivec1380 plucka1500 lurch1530 defeata1538 souse1545 lick1548 wipe1549 fraud1563 use1564 cozen1573 nick1576 verse1591 rooka1595 trim1600 skelder1602 firk1604 dry-shave1620 fiddle1630 nose1637 foista1640 doa1642 sharka1650 chouse1654 burn1655 bilk1672 under-enter1692 sharp1699 stick1699 finger1709 roguea1714 fling1749 swindle1773 jink1777 queer1778 to do over1781 jump1789 mace1790 chisel1808 slang1812 bucket1819 to clean out1819 give it1819 to put in the hole1819 ramp1819 sting1819 victimize1839 financier1840 gum1840 snakea1861 to take down1865 verneuk1871 bunco1875 rush1875 gyp1879 salt1882 daddle1883 work1884 to have (one) on toast1886 slip1890 to do (a person) in the eye1891 sugar1892 flay1893 to give (someone) the rinky-dink1895 con1896 pad1897 screw1900 short-change1903 to do in1906 window dress1913 ream1914 twist1914 clean1915 rim1918 tweedle1925 hype1926 clip1927 take1927 gazump1928 yentz1930 promote1931 to take (someone) to the cleaners1932 to carve up1933 chizz1948 stiff1950 scam1963 to rip off1969 to stitch up1970 skunk1971 to steal (someone) blind1974 diddle- 1563 T. Wilson Rule of Reason (new ed.) f. 16 Moche deceipte bred to fraude [1551–3 defraude] one an other. 1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 231 That Christen folkes should not be frauded of the holie Sacrament. 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. ii To Deceiue, Defeate..Fraude, Defraude. 2. To withhold (something) fraudulently. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > retain or keep [verb (transitive)] > keep what is due to or desired by another > wrongfully or fraudulently fraud1382 withtake14.. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > treat fraudulently, cheat [verb (transitive)] > withhold fraudulently fraud1382 defraud1660 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) James v. 4 The hijre of ȝoure werkmen, that repiden ȝoure cuntrees, that is fraudid of ȝou. 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) iv. xxi. sig. z.iii If he hath frauded & reteyned taxes. 3. To obtain (something) by fraud. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > defrauding or swindling > perpetrate (a swindle) [verb (transitive)] > take by swindling wipec1000 fleece1537 fraud1570 shark1613 boba1616 foola1616 rook1647 sharp1707 escroc1738 swindle1779 skelder1822 1570 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandry (new ed.) f. 23 Ill husbandry waies hath to fraud what he can. DerivativesΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > defrauding or swindling > [noun] defraudc1450 defraudationc1503 fraudingc1530 defrauding1548 cheateryc1555 cheatingc1555 versing1591 begeckc1600 sharking1602 shaving1606 rooking1635 defraudment1645 emunging1664 prowlerya1670 bilking1687 sharping1692 mace1742 fineering1765 swindling1769 highway robbery1777 macing1811 flat-catching1821 ramping1830 swindlery1833 rigging1846 diddlinga1849 suck-in1856 daylight robbery1863 cooking1873 bunco-steering1875 chousing1881 fiddling1884 verneukery1896 padding1900 verneukering1900 bobol1907 swizzle1913 ramp1915 swizz1915 chizzing1948 tweedling1975 c1530 A. Barclay Egloges iii. sig. Pv Theyr dayly murder, and forsynge of women Fraudynge of virgins, pyllynge of symple men. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > defrauder or swindler > [noun] feature14.. frauderc1475 prowler1519 lurcher1528 defrauder1552 frauditor1553 taker-upc1555 verserc1555 fogger1564 Jack-in-the-box1570 gilenyer1590 foist1591 rutter1591 crossbiter1592 sharker1594 shark1600 bat-fowler1602 cheater1606 foister1610 operator1611 fraudsman1613 projector1615 smoke-sellera1618 decoy1618 firkera1626 scandaroon1631 snapa1640 cunning shaver1652 knight of industrya1658 chouse1658 cheat1664 sharper1681 jockey1683 rooker1683 fool-finder1685 rookster1697 sheep-shearer1699 bubbler1720 gyp1728 bite1742 swindler1770 pigeon1780 mace1781 gouger1790 needle1790 fly-by-night1796 sharp1797 skinner1797 diddler1803 mace cove1811 mace-gloak1819 macer1819 flat-catcher1821 moonlight wanderer1823 burner1838 Peter Funk1840 Funk1842 pigeoner1849 maceman1850 bester1856 fiddler1857 highway robber1874 bunco-steerer1875 swizzler1876 forty1879 flim-flammer1881 chouser1883 take-down1888 highbinder1890 fraud1895 Sam Slick1897 grafter1899 come-on1905 verneuker1905 gypster1917 chiseller1918 tweedler1925 rorter1926 gazumper1932 chizzer1935 sharpie1942 sharpster1942 slick1959 slickster1965 rip-off artist1968 shonky1970 rip-off merchant1971 c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 54 Fraudars, misdoars, sortylogers, spousbrekars. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1330v.1382 |
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