fractionaladj.

Brit.

/ˈfrakʃn̩(ə)l/, U.S.

/ˈfrækʃ(ə)nəl/

Etymology: < fraction n. + -al suffix¹.

1. Of, pertaining to, or dealing with a fraction or fractions; comprising or constituting a fraction; of the nature of a fraction. Hence, incomplete, partial, insignificant. fractional currency (see quot.). fractional distillation: see distillation n. 3. fractional note (North American), a note in fractional currency. fractional section = fraction n. 6.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > [adjective]

halfa1300

brokec1380

incompletec1380

imperfecta1398

infecta1398

unperfecta1398

uncompletec1430

unfullc1450

partile1576

unentire?1605

half-faced1607

fragmentary1612

broken1634

partiary1654

fractional1675

fractionarya1690

half-way1694

fragmentala1763

half-and-half1796

fragmentitious1827

incompleted1836

sectional1848

mincemeaty1870

the world > relative properties > number > ratio or proportion > fraction > [adjective]

broken1609

fractional1675

fracteda1690

fract1715

the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > [noun] > portion or unit of

pounds worthOE

school land1466

shot1478

ground1548

officiary1594

canton1643

lotment1651

bovate1688

fraction1789

mahal1793

erf1812

fractional section1815

forty1845

tan1871

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > [noun] > coins and notes > of small denomination

fractional currency1863

shrapnel1918

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > foreign banknotes > [noun] > U.S.

long green1837

wild cat1861

greenback1862

postage currency1862

postage-stamp currency1862

postal currency1862

blueback1863

fractional note1863

greyback1863

yellowback1863

goldback1865

Sherman1892

1675 J. Ogilby Britannia Pref. Not regarding the Fractional Parts of a Mile.

a1806 C. J. Fox Speech Proc. Ld. Melville Sp. 1815 VI. 584 The right honourable gentleman..has amused the House with an account of fractional sums of 8s. 6d., 14s., and 2s.

1815 D. Drake Nat. & Statist. View Cincinnati 129 Cincinnati is built upon one entire and two fractional sections.

1828 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I II. ii. 32 At length we are surprised that these fractional disputes close into one mighty..enmity.

1831 J. M. Peck Guide for Emigrants iii. 294 The town is laid out of fractional sections thirteen and fourteen.

1859 J. S. Mill On Liberty 136 The interest which society has in him individually..is fractional.

1861 G. J. Goschen Theory Foreign Exchanges 102 Realizing a fractional profit for the convenience which they afford.

1863 Stat. at Large U.S.A. (1864) XII. 711 In lieu of postage and revenue stamps for fractional currency, and of fractional notes, commonly called postage currency,..the Secretary of the Treasury may issue fractional notes of like amounts in such form as he may deem expedient.

1878 Congress. Rec. 29 Jan. 638/2 [Silver] is not like our fractional notes, a promise to pay. It is payment.

1878 Congress. Rec. 4 Feb. 727/2 The fractional currency had become so ragged and so dirty that people were willing to surrender it for almost anything.

1879 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Suppl. Fractional currency, small coin, or paper notes, in circulation, of less value than the monetary unit.

1892 Daily News 20 Dec. 7/3 Messrs. B. decline to accept Messrs. M.'s fractional certificates in exchange for bonds.

1903 R. Stiles 4 Years under Marse Robert 63 In the South during the war banks, municipalities, companies, and.. individuals issued fractional notes or shin plasters which passed as currency supplementary to the Treasury notes issued by the Confederate Government.

1946 J. T. Adams Album Amer. Hist. III. 135 Later (July, 1862) Congress legalized small change notes by providing for the issuance of fractional currency in denominations of 3, 5, 10, 15, 25 and 50 cents.

2. Chemistry. Designating a process in which different fractions of a mixture are separated in consequence of their differing physical properties. So fractional crystallization, fractional distillation (see distillation n. 3), fractional precipitation, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [adjective] > of or relating to named chemical reactions or processes > of or relating to fractionation

fractional1857

1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. i. 9 This process of fractional distillation is well adapted to the separation of liquids.

1886 Chem. News 10 Sept. 131/1 Fractional crystallisation has yielded new results with didymium.

1886 Chem. News 10 Sept. 131/1 Working with the samarskite earths, fractional precipitation with oxalic acid separates first erbia, holmia, and thulia, then terbia, and lastly yttria.

1897 G. F. Becker in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 154 257 (heading) Fractional crystallization of rocks.

1897 G. F. Becker in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 154 258 The process..usually known as fractional crystallization..has been employed in the purification of compounds ever since chemistry was pursued.

1949 A. E. Alexander & P. Johnson Colloid Sci. II. xxvii. 797 Fractional solution may also be employed, a series of solvents of increasing solvent power being used to extract the unfractionated polymer.

1950 N. V. Sidgwick Chem. Elements I. 456 Fractional precipitation of the hydroxides is useful in isolating the very weakly basic Sc(OH)₃ or the strongly basic La(OH)₃.

1960 F. J. Turner & J. Verhoogen Igneous & Metamorphic Petrol. (ed. 2) iv. 85 The nature of the liquid fraction of a crystallizing magma at a given moment depends on..the degree to which fractional crystallization has already been effective.

1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) XI. 118 Fractional distillation to remove iron, lead, and cadmium from crude zinc.

1968 J. M. Coulson & J. F. Richardson Chem. Engin. (ed. 2) II. xiv. 577 It is often possible to separate a mixture of two soluble salts by fractional crystallization.

3. In Communist use: of, or pertaining to, a fraction (sense 8). Also (all forms) transferred. Cf. fractionism n., fractionist n. at fraction n. Derivatives.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > a party > [adjective] > group in Communist Party

fractional1929

1929 Communist Party Great Brit.: New Line 77 Greater attention must be given to..the strengthening of all fractional activities within the trade unions.

1941 A. Koestler Scum of Earth 157 The abstentionisme of the Chamber was intended to be a subtle fractional device; in fact it was a declaration of irresponsibility.

1945 A. Koestler Yogi & Commissar 203 Behind the façade of Popular-Front Committees..the air was thick with Comintern-intrigue and fractional conspiracy.

1959 Oxf. Mail 28 Jan. 1/7 Mr. Podgorny..said the ‘fractional activity’ of the group had been exposed.

Derivatives

ˈfractionalism n. the doctrine or policy of a fraction; an instance of deviating from the official line of the Communist Party.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > [noun] > departure from party principles

deviationism1940

right deviationism1945

fractionalism1950

fractionism1952

splittism1962

1950 E. H. Carr Bolshevik Revol. I. viii. 202 The criticism of individuals or even of groups would be tolerated within the party, but the opposition must not organize: that would be to commit the sin of ‘fractionalism’.

1959 Times 29 Jan. 8/3 The anti-party group members were accused of ‘fractionalism’.

ˈfractionalist n. an adherent or supporter of fractionalism; also attributive or as adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > [noun] > departure from party principles > one who

deviationist1930

fractionalist1953

splittist1968

1953 Newsweek 2 Mar. 38/3 Two months ago he was finally ousted from the French Communist Party as a ‘fractionalist’.

1960 Spectator 19 Feb. 241 These last he dismissed as ‘fractionalist’ because, he claimed, they subordinated the national interest to that of fractions of the nation in coalition.

ˈfractionally adv. in a fractional manner or degree; by a fraction or fractions; in Chemistry, so as to separate into fractions.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > ratio or proportion > fraction > [adverb]

decimally1657

fractionally1871

the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adverb] > in or by a very small degree or amount

just1600

diminutively1750

infinitesimally1850

minutely1854

fractionally1871

hemi-demi-semi1929

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [adverb] > by means of named chemical reactions or processes > by means of fractionation

fractionally1871

1871 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 24 405 Bromotetracodeine is conveniently obtained as hydrobromide by..dissolving the residue in the smallest possible quantity of weak hydrobromic acid, and fractionally precipitating by cautious addition of stronger acid.

1883 Daily News 7 Nov. 4/7 American prices were firm, but foreign Government stocks receded fractionally.

1888 Daily News 4 Dec. 7/2 A surplus, applied to augment that dividend fractionally.

1904 F. Soddy Radio-activity 17 If the active barium chloride was fractionally crystallised, the activity tended to concentrate in the least soluble fraction.

1921 J. Lewkowitsch & G. H. Warburton Oils, Fats & Waxes (ed. 6) I. 672 The glycerides of the lower fatty acids can be fractionally distilled in a complete vacuum without undergoing decomposition.

1954 J. Reilly & W. N. Rae Physico-chem. Methods (ed. 5) II. 253 Intimate mixtures are fractionally disintegrated.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	fractional
释义	fractionaladj. Brit. /ˈfrakʃn̩(ə)l/, U.S. /ˈfrækʃ(ə)nəl/ Etymology: < fraction n. + -al suffix¹. 1. Of, pertaining to, or dealing with a fraction or fractions; comprising or constituting a fraction; of the nature of a fraction. Hence, incomplete, partial, insignificant. fractional currency (see quot.). fractional distillation: see distillation n. 3. fractional note (North American), a note in fractional currency. fractional section = fraction n. 6. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > [adjective] halfa1300 brokec1380 incompletec1380 imperfecta1398 infecta1398 unperfecta1398 uncompletec1430 unfullc1450 partile1576 unentire?1605 half-faced1607 fragmentary1612 broken1634 partiary1654 fractional1675 fractionarya1690 half-way1694 fragmentala1763 half-and-half1796 fragmentitious1827 incompleted1836 sectional1848 mincemeaty1870 the world > relative properties > number > ratio or proportion > fraction > [adjective] broken1609 fractional1675 fracteda1690 fract1715 the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > [noun] > portion or unit of pounds worthOE school land1466 shot1478 ground1548 officiary1594 canton1643 lotment1651 bovate1688 fraction1789 mahal1793 erf1812 fractional section1815 forty1845 tan1871 society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > [noun] > coins and notes > of small denomination fractional currency1863 shrapnel1918 society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > foreign banknotes > [noun] > U.S. long green1837 wild cat1861 greenback1862 postage currency1862 postage-stamp currency1862 postal currency1862 blueback1863 fractional note1863 greyback1863 yellowback1863 goldback1865 Sherman1892 1675 J. Ogilby Britannia Pref. Not regarding the Fractional Parts of a Mile. a1806 C. J. Fox Speech Proc. Ld. Melville Sp. 1815 VI. 584 The right honourable gentleman..has amused the House with an account of fractional sums of 8s. 6d., 14s., and 2s. 1815 D. Drake Nat. & Statist. View Cincinnati 129 Cincinnati is built upon one entire and two fractional sections. 1828 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I II. ii. 32 At length we are surprised that these fractional disputes close into one mighty..enmity. 1831 J. M. Peck Guide for Emigrants iii. 294 The town is laid out of fractional sections thirteen and fourteen. 1859 J. S. Mill On Liberty 136 The interest which society has in him individually..is fractional. 1861 G. J. Goschen Theory Foreign Exchanges 102 Realizing a fractional profit for the convenience which they afford. 1863 Stat. at Large U.S.A. (1864) XII. 711 In lieu of postage and revenue stamps for fractional currency, and of fractional notes, commonly called postage currency,..the Secretary of the Treasury may issue fractional notes of like amounts in such form as he may deem expedient. 1878 Congress. Rec. 29 Jan. 638/2 [Silver] is not like our fractional notes, a promise to pay. It is payment. 1878 Congress. Rec. 4 Feb. 727/2 The fractional currency had become so ragged and so dirty that people were willing to surrender it for almost anything. 1879 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Suppl. Fractional currency, small coin, or paper notes, in circulation, of less value than the monetary unit. 1892 Daily News 20 Dec. 7/3 Messrs. B. decline to accept Messrs. M.'s fractional certificates in exchange for bonds. 1903 R. Stiles 4 Years under Marse Robert 63 In the South during the war banks, municipalities, companies, and.. individuals issued fractional notes or shin plasters which passed as currency supplementary to the Treasury notes issued by the Confederate Government. 1946 J. T. Adams Album Amer. Hist. III. 135 Later (July, 1862) Congress legalized small change notes by providing for the issuance of fractional currency in denominations of 3, 5, 10, 15, 25 and 50 cents. 2. Chemistry. Designating a process in which different fractions of a mixture are separated in consequence of their differing physical properties. So fractional crystallization, fractional distillation (see distillation n. 3), fractional precipitation, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [adjective] > of or relating to named chemical reactions or processes > of or relating to fractionation fractional1857 1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. i. 9 This process of fractional distillation is well adapted to the separation of liquids. 1886 Chem. News 10 Sept. 131/1 Fractional crystallisation has yielded new results with didymium. 1886 Chem. News 10 Sept. 131/1 Working with the samarskite earths, fractional precipitation with oxalic acid separates first erbia, holmia, and thulia, then terbia, and lastly yttria. 1897 G. F. Becker in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 154 257 (heading) Fractional crystallization of rocks. 1897 G. F. Becker in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 154 258 The process..usually known as fractional crystallization..has been employed in the purification of compounds ever since chemistry was pursued. 1949 A. E. Alexander & P. Johnson Colloid Sci. II. xxvii. 797 Fractional solution may also be employed, a series of solvents of increasing solvent power being used to extract the unfractionated polymer. 1950 N. V. Sidgwick Chem. Elements I. 456 Fractional precipitation of the hydroxides is useful in isolating the very weakly basic Sc(OH)₃ or the strongly basic La(OH)₃. 1960 F. J. Turner & J. Verhoogen Igneous & Metamorphic Petrol. (ed. 2) iv. 85 The nature of the liquid fraction of a crystallizing magma at a given moment depends on..the degree to which fractional crystallization has already been effective. 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) XI. 118 Fractional distillation to remove iron, lead, and cadmium from crude zinc. 1968 J. M. Coulson & J. F. Richardson Chem. Engin. (ed. 2) II. xiv. 577 It is often possible to separate a mixture of two soluble salts by fractional crystallization. 3. In Communist use: of, or pertaining to, a fraction (sense 8). Also (all forms) transferred. Cf. fractionism n., fractionist n. at fraction n. Derivatives. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > a party > [adjective] > group in Communist Party fractional1929 1929 Communist Party Great Brit.: New Line 77 Greater attention must be given to..the strengthening of all fractional activities within the trade unions. 1941 A. Koestler Scum of Earth 157 The abstentionisme of the Chamber was intended to be a subtle fractional device; in fact it was a declaration of irresponsibility. 1945 A. Koestler Yogi & Commissar 203 Behind the façade of Popular-Front Committees..the air was thick with Comintern-intrigue and fractional conspiracy. 1959 Oxf. Mail 28 Jan. 1/7 Mr. Podgorny..said the ‘fractional activity’ of the group had been exposed. Derivatives ˈfractionalism n. the doctrine or policy of a fraction; an instance of deviating from the official line of the Communist Party. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > [noun] > departure from party principles deviationism1940 right deviationism1945 fractionalism1950 fractionism1952 splittism1962 1950 E. H. Carr Bolshevik Revol. I. viii. 202 The criticism of individuals or even of groups would be tolerated within the party, but the opposition must not organize: that would be to commit the sin of ‘fractionalism’. 1959 Times 29 Jan. 8/3 The anti-party group members were accused of ‘fractionalism’. ˈfractionalist n. an adherent or supporter of fractionalism; also attributive or as adj. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > [noun] > departure from party principles > one who deviationist1930 fractionalist1953 splittist1968 1953 Newsweek 2 Mar. 38/3 Two months ago he was finally ousted from the French Communist Party as a ‘fractionalist’. 1960 Spectator 19 Feb. 241 These last he dismissed as ‘fractionalist’ because, he claimed, they subordinated the national interest to that of fractions of the nation in coalition. ˈfractionally adv. in a fractional manner or degree; by a fraction or fractions; in Chemistry, so as to separate into fractions. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > ratio or proportion > fraction > [adverb] decimally1657 fractionally1871 the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adverb] > in or by a very small degree or amount just1600 diminutively1750 infinitesimally1850 minutely1854 fractionally1871 hemi-demi-semi1929 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [adverb] > by means of named chemical reactions or processes > by means of fractionation fractionally1871 1871 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 24 405 Bromotetracodeine is conveniently obtained as hydrobromide by..dissolving the residue in the smallest possible quantity of weak hydrobromic acid, and fractionally precipitating by cautious addition of stronger acid. 1883 Daily News 7 Nov. 4/7 American prices were firm, but foreign Government stocks receded fractionally. 1888 Daily News 4 Dec. 7/2 A surplus, applied to augment that dividend fractionally. 1904 F. Soddy Radio-activity 17 If the active barium chloride was fractionally crystallised, the activity tended to concentrate in the least soluble fraction. 1921 J. Lewkowitsch & G. H. Warburton Oils, Fats & Waxes (ed. 6) I. 672 The glycerides of the lower fatty acids can be fractionally distilled in a complete vacuum without undergoing decomposition. 1954 J. Reilly & W. N. Rae Physico-chem. Methods (ed. 5) II. 253 Intimate mixtures are fractionally disintegrated. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1675
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