forgivev.

Brit.

/fəˈɡɪv/, U.S.

/fərˈɡɪv/

Forms: Past tense forgave /fəˈɡeɪv/. Past participle forgiven /fəˈɡɪv(ə)n/. Forms: see give n.¹

Etymology: Old English forgiefan ( < for- prefix¹ + giefan : see give v.), corresponding to Dutch vergeven, Old High German far-, fer-, for-, furgeban (German vergeben), Old Norse fyrirgefa (Swedish förgifva, Middle Danish forgive) to forgive, Gothic fragiban to grant.

†1. transitive. To give, grant. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)]

forgivec900

giveOE

besetc1230

deala1250

i-yevec1275

to give (requite, etc.) into one's bosomc1386

yarka1400

wevec1400

yatec1400

administera1425

bequeathc1440

employa1492

exhibit1548

communicate1553

endue1587

cast1612

hand1650

to lay on1942

c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) i. xvi. [xxvii.] 84 Forþon ne bið þæt forgifen þætte alefed bið, ac þæt bið riht.

971 Blickl. Hom. 31 Ealra þara gifa þe he middangearde forgeaf þurh his tocyme.

a1175 Cott. Hom. 229 He forȝiaf blinde manne ȝesechðe.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xviii. 76 For he was knyȝte & kynges sone kynde forȝaf þat tyme, Þat non harlot were so hardy to leyne hands vppon hym.

1483 Vulgaria abs Terencio (T. Rood & T. Hunte) sig. nij The grettist tresoure that j hadd j forgafe the.

†2. To give up, cease to harbour (resentment, wrath). Also, to give up one's resolve (to do something). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > [verb (transitive)] > give up or cease to harbour an emotion

forgivec1175

the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)] > specific something abstract

forgivec1175

repealc1390

remit1394

disgorgea1523

to lay down1611

degorge1622

ungive1645

to give over1674

the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > make cheerful [verb (transitive)] > recover good spirits > give up resentment or ill will

forgivec1175

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > be irresolute or vacillate [verb (intransitive)] > completely lose resolution > to do something

forgive1564

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1466 Aȝȝ whann se þu forrȝifesst tuss. Þin wraþþe.

c1305 Pilate 167 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 115 He wende..þat he hadde forȝeue him his wraþþe.

c1380 J. Wyclif Pater Noster in Wks. (1880) 200 Here men moten forȝeue þe rancour..of here herte to here neiȝeboris.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxxxiii. 257 Oberon..forgaue all the yll wyll that he had to Huon.

1564 Carsewell's Lett. in Wodr. Soc. Misc. 285 I can nocht forgif to do my sobir diligens in furderance of the kirk.

3. To remit (a debt); to give up resentment or claim to requital for, pardon (an offence). Const.

a. with simple object.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > forgiveness > forgive [verb (transitive)] > specifically an offence

forgiveOE

atletc1200

to pass overa1425

sparea1425

remit1457

dispense1563

dismissa1616

condonate1656

condone1851

to look over ——1887

the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > execute (vengeance) [verb (transitive)] > exact retribution > give up claim to requital for

forgive1600

OE Genesis 662 He forgifð hit.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 67 Ower hating forȝefe ȝe.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 29 Þanne beð þe synne forgiuen.

a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) l. 25109 Lord forgiff þou dettes ours.

1503 tr. Kalendayr Shyppars sig. fi Forgheue vs owr synnys.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 11581 All hir gilt to forgiff.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 25 Forgiue a moytie of the principall.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xlii. 274 An Authority to Forgive, or Retain Sins.

1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 235 Fain would I say, ‘Forgive my foul offence!’

1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xxiv. xii, in Maud & Other Poems 88 Should I fear..to say ‘forgive the wrong’.

1882 19th Cent. No. 61. 348 The amount of rent that has been forgiven in the past two years has been very large.

b. with the thing in the accusative, and the person in the dative, or preceded by †til, to, unto (or as subject of the verb in passive).

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > forgiveness > forgive [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person

forgivec1000

remit1501

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 12 And forgyf us ure gyltas.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 37 Ne mei þe preost forȝefen nane men his sunne.

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2568 Forȝeuen hem was her wo, No were þai neuer so dere.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xviii. 27 Sothely the lord of that seruaunt..forȝaue to hym the dette.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l .25109 Forgiue þou til us dettes vrs.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 19019 Giu sal forgiuin be giur sak.

c1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 128 Lord your deth forgyffe it me.

1503–4 Act 19 Hen. VII c. 37 Preamb., It pleased your Highnesse..to forgyve unto your seid Subgiect all the seid Mesprisions.

1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xxxiii. 24 The people that dwel therein shalbe forgiuen their iniquitie.

1665 I. Walton Life of Hooker in R. Hooker Wks. (1888) I. 39 Forgiving him his first-fruits.

1726–31 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras Hist. Eng. (1743) II. xvii. 153 She forgave him what she had lent his father.

1782 W. Cowper Charity in Poems 211 Let Charity forgive me a mistake That zeal not vanity, has chanc'd to make.

1826 T. Moore Mem. (1854) V. 46 Clonmell never forgave this to Grattan.

c. with indirect (personal) object only, either in dative (a construction now merged in sense 4), or †preceded by to, till, unto.

ΚΠ

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xviii. 21 Mot ic him forgyfan oð seofon siþas.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 39 Þu scalt forȝeuen þon monne þe wið þe agultet.

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter vi. 1 Forgifynge til him þat synnes in vs.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. vi. 12 As we forȝeue to oure dettours.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope i. xviii The myghte and puyssant must pardonne and forgyue to the lytyll and feble.

4. To give up resentment against, pardon (an offender). Const. for, †of, or subordinate clause, rarely †to with infinitive. Also (now rarely) to abandon one's claim against (a debtor).

ΚΠ

[c1000 [see sense 3c]. c1175 [see sense 3c]. ]

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4962 To Forrȝifenn oþre menn. Wiþþ word. & ec wiþþ herrte.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 8396 Ȝe ar for-giuen of þat vn-riȝt.

c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 91 How y^t crist forgaf mavdelen marie.

1607 G. Wilkins Miseries Inforst Mariage ii. D j I do forgiue thee with my hart.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) ii. iv. 170 Forgiue me that I doe not dreame on thee.

1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. i. 21 He forgives them for the sake of Jesus Christ.

1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. xxxviii. 387 An Example so much better—forgive me to say—before her.

1786 R. Burns Poems 200 I like the lasses—Gude forgie me!

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ix, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 267 Forgive me if I remind you, that [etc.].

1866 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighb. (1878) xxii. 403 He asks you to forgive the man who wronged you.

5. absol. (of 3 and 4, which in this use coincide).

ΚΠ

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 37 Forgyfaþ & eow byð forgyfen.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) vi. v. 192 Chyldren ben sone playsyd and lyghtly they forgyue.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Kings viii. 30 And when thou hearest, forgiue .

1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 30 To Err is Humane; to Forgive, Divine.

1841 R. C. Trench Notes Parables xxiv. 364 God may forgive, man is not therefore to forget.

6. To make excuse or apology for, regard indulgently. Now only in imperative as an entreaty.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > excuse > excuse (a person or fault) [verb (transitive)] > make an excuse for

forgive1667

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 956 Thy frailtie and infirmer Sex forgiv'n .

1738 A. Pope One Thousand Seven Hundred & Thirty Eight 5 Dear Sir, forgive the Prejudice of Youth.

1782 W. Cowper Truth in Poems 582 Forgive their evil, and accept their good.

1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam Prol. p. vii Forgive these wild and wandering cries..Forgive them where they fail in truth.

†7. = misgive v. (So also give v.). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > doubt [verb (transitive)] > cause doubt

branglea1600

forgive1600

stumble1607

uncertain1614

uncredit1615

disconceita1639

scruple1638

startle1643

stagger1646

unfix1650

inscruple1663

unhinge1719

unconvince1815

unsettle1833

to keep (a person) guessing1896

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. 754 Anniball, whose mind forgave him that such a thing would fall out, had prepared shipping.

8. dialect. (See quots.)

ΚΠ

1790 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. (ed. 2) (at cited word) Forgive, to thaw.

a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Forgive, to begin to thaw.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	forgive
释义	forgivev. Brit. /fəˈɡɪv/, U.S. /fərˈɡɪv/ Forms: Past tense forgave /fəˈɡeɪv/. Past participle forgiven /fəˈɡɪv(ə)n/. Forms: see give n.¹ Etymology: Old English forgiefan ( < for- prefix¹ + giefan : see give v.), corresponding to Dutch vergeven, Old High German far-, fer-, for-, furgeban (German vergeben), Old Norse fyrirgefa (Swedish förgifva, Middle Danish forgive) to forgive, Gothic fragiban to grant. †1. transitive. To give, grant. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] forgivec900 giveOE besetc1230 deala1250 i-yevec1275 to give (requite, etc.) into one's bosomc1386 yarka1400 wevec1400 yatec1400 administera1425 bequeathc1440 employa1492 exhibit1548 communicate1553 endue1587 cast1612 hand1650 to lay on1942 c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) i. xvi. [xxvii.] 84 Forþon ne bið þæt forgifen þætte alefed bið, ac þæt bið riht. 971 Blickl. Hom. 31 Ealra þara gifa þe he middangearde forgeaf þurh his tocyme. a1175 Cott. Hom. 229 He forȝiaf blinde manne ȝesechðe. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xviii. 76 For he was knyȝte & kynges sone kynde forȝaf þat tyme, Þat non harlot were so hardy to leyne hands vppon hym. 1483 Vulgaria abs Terencio (T. Rood & T. Hunte) sig. nij The grettist tresoure that j hadd j forgafe the. †2. To give up, cease to harbour (resentment, wrath). Also, to give up one's resolve (to do something). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > [verb (transitive)] > give up or cease to harbour an emotion forgivec1175 the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)] > specific something abstract forgivec1175 repealc1390 remit1394 disgorgea1523 to lay down1611 degorge1622 ungive1645 to give over1674 the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > make cheerful [verb (transitive)] > recover good spirits > give up resentment or ill will forgivec1175 the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > be irresolute or vacillate [verb (intransitive)] > completely lose resolution > to do something forgive1564 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1466 Aȝȝ whann se þu forrȝifesst tuss. Þin wraþþe. c1305 Pilate 167 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 115 He wende..þat he hadde forȝeue him his wraþþe. c1380 J. Wyclif Pater Noster in Wks. (1880) 200 Here men moten forȝeue þe rancour..of here herte to here neiȝeboris. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxxxiii. 257 Oberon..forgaue all the yll wyll that he had to Huon. 1564 Carsewell's Lett. in Wodr. Soc. Misc. 285 I can nocht forgif to do my sobir diligens in furderance of the kirk. 3. To remit (a debt); to give up resentment or claim to requital for, pardon (an offence). Const. a. with simple object. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > forgiveness > forgive [verb (transitive)] > specifically an offence forgiveOE atletc1200 to pass overa1425 sparea1425 remit1457 dispense1563 dismissa1616 condonate1656 condone1851 to look over ——1887 the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > execute (vengeance) [verb (transitive)] > exact retribution > give up claim to requital for forgive1600 OE Genesis 662 He forgifð hit. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 67 Ower hating forȝefe ȝe. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 29 Þanne beð þe synne forgiuen. a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) l. 25109 Lord forgiff þou dettes ours. 1503 tr. Kalendayr Shyppars sig. fi Forgheue vs owr synnys. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 11581 All hir gilt to forgiff. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 25 Forgiue a moytie of the principall. View more context for this quotation 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xlii. 274 An Authority to Forgive, or Retain Sins. 1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 235 Fain would I say, ‘Forgive my foul offence!’ 1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xxiv. xii, in Maud & Other Poems 88 Should I fear..to say ‘forgive the wrong’. 1882 19th Cent. No. 61. 348 The amount of rent that has been forgiven in the past two years has been very large. b. with the thing in the accusative, and the person in the dative, or preceded by †til, to, unto (or as subject of the verb in passive). ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > forgiveness > forgive [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person forgivec1000 remit1501 c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 12 And forgyf us ure gyltas. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 37 Ne mei þe preost forȝefen nane men his sunne. c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2568 Forȝeuen hem was her wo, No were þai neuer so dere. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xviii. 27 Sothely the lord of that seruaunt..forȝaue to hym the dette. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l .25109 Forgiue þou til us dettes vrs. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 19019 Giu sal forgiuin be giur sak. c1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 128 Lord your deth forgyffe it me. 1503–4 Act 19 Hen. VII c. 37 Preamb., It pleased your Highnesse..to forgyve unto your seid Subgiect all the seid Mesprisions. 1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xxxiii. 24 The people that dwel therein shalbe forgiuen their iniquitie. View more context for this quotation 1665 I. Walton Life of Hooker in R. Hooker Wks. (1888) I. 39 Forgiving him his first-fruits. 1726–31 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras Hist. Eng. (1743) II. xvii. 153 She forgave him what she had lent his father. 1782 W. Cowper Charity in Poems 211 Let Charity forgive me a mistake That zeal not vanity, has chanc'd to make. 1826 T. Moore Mem. (1854) V. 46 Clonmell never forgave this to Grattan. c. with indirect (personal) object only, either in dative (a construction now merged in sense 4), or †preceded by to, till, unto. ΚΠ c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xviii. 21 Mot ic him forgyfan oð seofon siþas. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 39 Þu scalt forȝeuen þon monne þe wið þe agultet. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter vi. 1 Forgifynge til him þat synnes in vs. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. vi. 12 As we forȝeue to oure dettours. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope i. xviii The myghte and puyssant must pardonne and forgyue to the lytyll and feble. 4. To give up resentment against, pardon (an offender). Const. for, †of, or subordinate clause, rarely †to with infinitive. Also (now rarely) to abandon one's claim against (a debtor). ΚΠ [c1000 [see sense 3c]. c1175 [see sense 3c]. ] c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4962 To Forrȝifenn oþre menn. Wiþþ word. & ec wiþþ herrte. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 8396 Ȝe ar for-giuen of þat vn-riȝt. c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 91 How y^t crist forgaf mavdelen marie. 1607 G. Wilkins Miseries Inforst Mariage ii. D j I do forgiue thee with my hart. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) ii. iv. 170 Forgiue me that I doe not dreame on thee. View more context for this quotation 1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. i. 21 He forgives them for the sake of Jesus Christ. 1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. xxxviii. 387 An Example so much better—forgive me to say—before her. 1786 R. Burns Poems 200 I like the lasses—Gude forgie me! 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ix, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 267 Forgive me if I remind you, that [etc.]. 1866 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighb. (1878) xxii. 403 He asks you to forgive the man who wronged you. 5. absol. (of 3 and 4, which in this use coincide). ΚΠ c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 37 Forgyfaþ & eow byð forgyfen. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) vi. v. 192 Chyldren ben sone playsyd and lyghtly they forgyue. 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Kings viii. 30 And when thou hearest, forgiue . View more context for this quotation 1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 30 To Err is Humane; to Forgive, Divine. 1841 R. C. Trench Notes Parables xxiv. 364 God may forgive, man is not therefore to forget. 6. To make excuse or apology for, regard indulgently. Now only in imperative as an entreaty. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > excuse > excuse (a person or fault) [verb (transitive)] > make an excuse for forgive1667 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 956 Thy frailtie and infirmer Sex forgiv'n . View more context for this quotation 1738 A. Pope One Thousand Seven Hundred & Thirty Eight 5 Dear Sir, forgive the Prejudice of Youth. 1782 W. Cowper Truth in Poems 582 Forgive their evil, and accept their good. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam Prol. p. vii Forgive these wild and wandering cries..Forgive them where they fail in truth. †7. = misgive v. (So also give v.). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > doubt [verb (transitive)] > cause doubt branglea1600 forgive1600 stumble1607 uncertain1614 uncredit1615 disconceita1639 scruple1638 startle1643 stagger1646 unfix1650 inscruple1663 unhinge1719 unconvince1815 unsettle1833 to keep (a person) guessing1896 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. 754 Anniball, whose mind forgave him that such a thing would fall out, had prepared shipping. 8. dialect. (See quots.) ΚΠ 1790 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. (ed. 2) (at cited word) Forgive, to thaw. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Forgive, to begin to thaw. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > see also also refers to : forgive-comb. form < v.c900 see also
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forgivev.

> see also