foundationn.

Brit.

/faʊnˈdeɪʃn/, U.S.

/faʊnˈdeɪʃən/

Forms: Middle English–1500s f(o)undacio(u)n, -yon, Middle English–1500s f(o)undatio(u)n, -yo(u)n, (1500s foundasyon), 1600s fundation, fondation, Middle English– foundation.

Etymology: < Latin fundātiōn-em, noun of action < fundāre : see found v.² Compare Old French fondacion (1322).

1. The action of founding or building upon a firm substructure; the state or fact of being founded.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > [noun] > building foundations

foundationc1385

pinning1418

underpinning1486

groundselling1579

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Thisbe. 739 This wal..Was cloven a-two, right fro the toppe adoun, Of old tyme of his fundacioun.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xxi. 223 The foundacion of the Tour of Babylon.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezra iii. 12 Many of the olde prestes..which had sene the house afore in his foundacion.

1611 Bible (King James) John xvii. 24 Thou louedst mee before the foundation of the world.

1719 T. Tickell To Earl Warwick, On Death Addison 44 Ne'er to these chambers where the mighty rest, Since their foundation, came a nobler guest.

2. figurative. The action of establishing, instituting, or constituting on a permanent basis.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > [noun] > institution or founding

fasteningeOE

stablishinga1300

groundingc1380

stablingc1380

ordinancec1384

establishingc1400

foundationc1400

fundament1440

stablishment1444

institutionc1460

upsetting1470

erection1508

instituting1534

foundingc1540

erecting1553

constitution1582

establishment1596

plantation1605

instauration1614

institute1641

bottoming1642

ordaining1643

settlement1646

planting1702

incardination1897

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xi. 44 Þat was þe fundacion of þe Templeres and of þaire ordre.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccvi^v For the more sure foundacion of the newe amitie, Edward Prince of Wales, wedded Anne.

1619 J. Sempill Sacrilege Sacredly Handled 84 Heere then was but a Nuncupation, a Fundation of Priesthood.

1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 73 Extending to the foundation of the Empire of Baghdad.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. §5. 506 The foundation of the linen manufacture which was to bring wealth to Ulster.

a. esp. The establishing of an institution, together with an endowment or provision for its perpetual maintenance.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > institution > establishing of

foundation1389

1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 67 Theyse arne the ordinaunces of the Gylde of Seynt Katerine..ordeynyd..in the fyrste fundacion.

c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1885) xix. 185 To establysh and..amortyse þe same lyuelod to is crowne..wych than wold be as a newe ffundacion of is crowne.

a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xxii. sig. h.iii What landes he gaue, towarde the fundacyon Of the sayd monastery.

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1349/2 In ech vniuersities by the foundation of the ordinarie and publike lessons.

1859 C. Barker Devel. Associative Princ. i. 7 The piety..evidenced by bequests of broad acres, the foundation of religious houses.

†b. The charter of establishment or incorporation of a society, institution, etc., with rules and ordinances for its government. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal document > types of legal or official document > [noun] > document creating a corporation

foundation1389

charter1474

incorporationa1600

bank charter1736

1389 in T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 110 [heading] Certificacio fundacionis et regiminis gilde..[ending with] Other fundacioun es ther non.

1530–1 Act 22 Hen. VIII c. 12 Euery person..bounden by reason of any foundacion or ordynaunce to gyue or distribute any money in almes.

1546 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 20 As in the First Chauntrie at large is declared as apperyth by Foundacion dated [etc.].

a. That which is founded or established by endowment; an institution (e.g. a monastery, college, or hospital) established with an endowment and regulations for its maintenance.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > institution

foundation1548

institution1707

institute1829

establishment1832

1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xxx He begon to founde a college of a hundreth prestes, which foundacion with the founder shortelye toke an ende.

1669 A. Woodhead tr. Life St. Teresa (1671) ii. xxviii. 175 It was our Lord's pleasure, that no Foundation should be erected without great troubles to me.

1843 J. T. Coleridge Let. Sept. in A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold (1844) I. i. 9 Corpus is a very small establishment,—twenty fellows and twenty scholars, with four exhibitioners, form the foundation.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. iv. 215 He was with difficulty hindered from becoming a monk in his own foundation of Jumièges.

b. on (or †of) the foundation: said of the members of an endowed college or similar society.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [adjective] > relating to institution > members

on (or of) the foundation1491

1491 Act 7 Hen. VII c. 19 William Priour of Cristchurche of Caunterbury of your noble fundacion.

1588 Ld. Burghley Let. 7 May in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 26 No Scholer nor Fellowe of the foundation of any Howse of Learninge.

1761 T. Gray Let. 23 June in Corr. (1971) II. 740 If the boy was to be on the foundation [at Eton].

1834 T. De Quincey S. T. Coleridge in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Sept. 519/1 He..was removed to..London, and placed on the great foundation of Christ's Hospital.

1881 Oxf. Univ. Cal. 163 There are now fourteen Fellowships and fifteen Scholarships on the old Foundation at this College.

c. The fund or revenues appropriated to endow such an institution. Also U.S. (see quot. 1851).

ΘΚΠ

society > law > transfer of property > settlement of property > [noun] > endowment > an endowment

dotation?c1430

foundationc1460

endowage?1529

feoffment1561

endowment1597

indument1602

by-foundation1655

c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Legend St. Austin (Harl. 2255) l. 26 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 194 To sette of tithes a fundacioun.

1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 83 b They peruert foundations, and will not bestow the Bequeathers free almes.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. vi. 312 None [of the Covents] was left standing in the whole Diocesse of Bangor, where no Foundation was valued at full seventy pounds per annum.

1851 B. H. Hall Coll. College Words 134 Foundation..In America applied to a donation or legacy appropriated especially to maintain poor and deserving..students at a college.

a. The solid ground or base (natural or built up) on which an edifice or other structure is erected; also, the lowest part of a building, usually constructed below the ground-level.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > foundations

groundc950

ground-wallc1000

fundamentc1300

foundation1398

sole1417

paepae1846

raft1891

raft foundation1895

the world > space > relative position > low position > [noun] > condition of being placed under > that which lies under > base on which a thing rests

staddlea900

groundc950

base?c1335

standinga1382

foundation1398

basingc1400

bottom1440

subjecta1500

groundworka1557

basis?a1560

pedestal1563

understand1580

footwork1611

centrea1616

underwork1624

skaddle1635

substructure1641

foot piece1657

pediment1660

seat1661

sedes1662

under-warp1668

plantationa1680

terrace1735

substructure1789

footing1791

seating1805

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > foundation(s)

staddlea900

ground-stathelnessa1300

foundation1398

groundsel1433

ground-pinning1448

underpinning1538

groundworka1557

footing1611

substruction1624

under-filling1624

substructure1726

found1818

pinninga1825

well1832

soling1838

masonite1840

ground-statheling-

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxxxiiii. f. lxx Albeit y^t many [buildings] stande vpon theyr first foundacion as this yet doth.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. viii. 8 b Where as yet are seene the foundations of the auncient citie.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 268 I lay the deep Foundations of a Wall.

1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) If the earth to be built upon is..such that the natural foundation cannot be trusted.

1850 A. Jameson Legends Monastic Orders 24 In digging the foundations of the monastery of Monte Cassino.

figurative and in extended use.1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. lvii. 172 The bones ben the foundacion of al the body and the byldynge of all the body is sette thervpon.1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms cii. 25 Thou Lorde in the begynnynge has layed y^e foundacion of the earth.1601 S. Daniel Ciuill Warres (rev. ed.) v. lviii. f. 75, in Wks. Which ingins of protestes, and proffers kinde..So shooke the whole foundation of his minde, As it did all his resolution moue.1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. I^v The large and cheefe Foundation of your Feast, Fat Beefe.1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 63 The Rocks are from their old Foundations rent. 1705 S. Sewall Diary 19 Jan. (1973) I. 517 The Horses went away with the foundation and left the Superstructure of the Slay and the Riders behind.

†b. The ‘seat’ of the body, the ‘fundament’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > back > buttock(s) > [noun]

flitcha700

arse-endseOE

culec1220

buttockc1300

tail1303

toutec1305

nagea1325

fundamentc1325

tail-end1377

brawna1382

buma1387

bewschers?a1400

crouponc1400

rumplec1430

lendc1440

nachec1440

luddocka1475

rearwarda1475

croupc1475

rumpc1475

dock1508

hurdies1535

bunc1538

sitting place1545

bottom?c1550

prat1567

nates1581

backside1593

crupper1594

posteriorums1596

catastrophe1600

podex1601

posterior1605

seat1607

poop1611

stern1631

cheek1639

breeka1642

doup1653

bumkin1658

bumfiddle1661

assa1672

butt1675

quarter1678

foundation1681

toby1681

bung1691

rear1716

fud1722

moon1756

derrière1774

rass1790

stern-post1810

sit-down1812

hinderland1817

hinderling1817

nancy1819

ultimatum1823

behinda1830

duff?1837

botty1842

rear end1851

latter end1852

hinder?1857

sit1862

sit-me-down1866

stern-works1879

tuchus1886

jacksy-pardy1891

sit-upon1910

can1913

truck-end1913

sitzfleisch1916

B.T.M.1919

fanny1919

bot1922

heinie1922

beam1929

yas yas1929

keister1931

batty1935

bim1935

arse-end1937

twat1937

okole1938

bahookie1939

bohunkus1941

quoit1941

patoot1942

rusty-dusty1942

dinger1943

jacksie1943

zatch1950

ding1957

booty1959

patootie1959

buns1960

wazoo1961

tush1962

1681 S. Colvil Mock Poem (1751) 131 Who quarrels pick with neighbour nations Get halberts thrust thro' their fundations.

6. figurative.

a. A basis or groundwork on which something (immaterial) is raised or by which it is supported or confirmed; an underlying ground or principle; the basis on which a story, fiction, or the like is founded.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > basis or foundation > [noun]

ground1340

root1340

substancec1384

fundament1395

foundationc1400

groundment?a1412

footing1440

anvila1450

bottom ground1557

groundwork1557

foot1559

platform1568

subsistence1586

subject matter1600

ground-colour1614

basisa1616

substratum1631

basement1637

bottoma1639

fonda1650

fibre1656

fund1671

fundamen1677

substruction1765

starting ground1802

fundus1839

c1400 Hist. & Art. Masonry 28 Hit was cause and fundacion of all craftys and sciens.

1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i, in Wks. 161/1 This one poynt is the very fond foundacion and ground of all his great heresyes.

1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 4 The Edition of the Seuentie was vsed by the Greeke fathers for the ground and foundation of their Commentaries.

1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 182 The principles, and foundation of a demonstration, are necessary axiomes.

1655 Campion's Art of composing Musick in Parts in J. Playford Introd. Skill Musick ii. 1 The Base, which is the lowest part and foundation of the whole Song.

1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 161 There being no reasonable Foundation to believe that the Deluge did come to pass this way.

1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 91. ⁋1 The Subject I am now going upon would be much more properly the Foundation of a Comedy.

1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 1 Dec. (1965) I. 287 The report..I can assure you..has no real foundation.

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. i. 47 The only true and natural foundations of society are the wants and the fears of individuals.

1843 J. S. Mill Syst. Logic I. i. iii. §9 I shall term the sensation of white the foundation of the quality whiteness.

1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 313 Thus far Socrates has proceeded in placing religion on a moral foundation.

†b. A ground or reason upon which men act; an understanding, basis of agreement. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [noun] > reason or ground

achesounc1230

anchesouna1250

reasona1250

groundc1275

matter1340

purposec1350

cause1413

quarrel1476

actiona1500

subject1577

spring of action1583

qualitya1586

inducement1593

place1593

theme1594

instance1597

motive1605

impulsivea1628

justifiera1635

foundation1641

rise1641

plummet1679

mainspring1695

the mind > language > speech > agreement > [noun] > basis of

foundation1641

1641 R. Carpenter Experience, Hist., & Divinitie iv. ii. 132 He may kill his adversary, upon this foundation, because he must either kill or be kill'd.

1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. xli. 107 That the English might again repair to their respective Houses, and trade on the old Foundation.

1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §30 Upon this foundation Captain Lovet engaged Mr. John Rudyerd to be his engineer.

c. plural. [translating German grundlagen, etc.] The underlying principles or logical basis (of a subject), esp. as a separate matter for study.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > basis or foundation > [noun] > basis or fundamental principle > underlying principles

foundation1817

politics1874

1817 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. x. 194 I retired to a cottage in Somersetshire..and devoted my thoughts and studies to the foundations of religions and morals.

1897 B. Russell (title) An essay on the foundations of geometry.

1931 F. P. Ramsey (title) The foundations of mathematics.

1941 R. Courant & H. E. Robbins What is Math.? ii. 87 Paradoxes like this have led Russell and others to a systematic study of the foundations of mathematics and logic.

1944 H. Reichenbach (title) Philosophic foundations of quantum mechanics.

1965 A. S. Luchins & E. H. Luchins Logical Found. Math. xviii. 377 Despite the popularity of the term foundations, there are wide differences of opinion as to the importance of foundations for psychology.

7. transferred.

Thesaurus »

Categories »

a. That upon which any structure is built up; a body or ground upon which other parts are overlaid; in various technical uses: e.g. in Dressmaking, an underskirt over which the outer skirt is hung or draped; also, a material used for stiffening a garment, etc.; in crochet-work and knitting, the first set of stitches, to which the rest are secured.

b. attributive.

c. = foundation garment n. at Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > underwear > [noun] > corset

busk1581

a pair of stays1608

bodicea1625

stay1731

corset1795

belt1818

foundation garment1927

foundation1939

1845 G. Dodd Brit. Manuf. 5th Ser. 159 The ‘body’, or ‘foundation’, of a good beaver hat is..made of eight parts rabbits' fur [etc.].

1865 M. Eyre Lady's Walks South of France xvii. 195 The materials to be used are..neatly tacked on the silk—any foundation could..be used; merino, cloth, or whatever material was thought best suited for curtains.

1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. I. 909/2 Foundation,..the body of a hat, of wool or inferior fur, upon which the napping of superior fur is laid and united at the battery.

1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 213/1 Foundation Net. A coarse quality of Net..employed for stiff foundations in Millinery and Dressmaking.

1893 G. Hill Hist. Eng. Dress II. 270 Six skirts of tulle over a foundation of satin.

1907 Westm. Gaz. 9 Mar. 13/2 Such a coat is..mounted on a foundation silk.

1939 J. P. Marquand Wickford Point 370 She said that she had heard that I worked in a department store and she wanted to know about foundations.

1960 Harper's Bazaar Oct. 52 A backless, strapless foundation with a contour bust.

d. A base for cosmetics. Used esp. attributively, as foundation cream, foundation lotion, foundation make-up.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > bases

base1889

powder base1916

foundation make-up1929

pancake1937

1911 G. Stratton-Porter Harvester xiii. 279 She found a box of cream and rubbed it on for a foundation. Then she opened some pink powder, and carefully dusted her cheeks.]

1929 D. L. Moore Pandora's Let. Box x. 179 A thick layer of powder..may be spread on a foundation cream having almost the consistency of paste.

1935 ‘E. Ann’ Beauty Adorned x. 86 A greaseless foundation-cream as a base.

1939–40 Army & Navy Stores Catal. 434/3 Foundation Cream—3/6. Foundation Lotion—4/6.

1942 D. Powell Time to be Born (1943) x. 227 Miss Finkelstein..checked on her Chinese yellow foundation make-up.

1952 C. W. Cunnington Eng. Women's Clothing viii. 265 Starting with foundation lotion over cherry-coloured cream rouge..this is followed by cameo powder and cherry lipstick.

1959 News Chron. 12 Aug. 5/5 I don't use foundation now. It dries my skin.

1965 Harper's Bazaar 89/1 Hand Cream, Foundation Cream, Cleansing Milk.

1966 Guardian 25 Apr. 6/2 Lipsticks (and foundations) in rich as well as pale colours for the darker woman.

Compounds

General attributive.

C1. simple attributive (= belonging to or serving as a foundation, fundamental).

ΚΠ

1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing xi. 98 If any ask, how the Soul came by those foundation-Propositions.

1671 A. Seller Devout Communicant 195 Christ, that foundation mercy, that hath all mercies folded up in him.

a1726 J. Vanbrugh Journey to London (1728) i. i. 5 It is a settled Foundation-Point, that every Child that is born, shall be a Beggar—Except one; and that he—shall be a Fool.

1875 E. White Life in Christ (1878) iii. xx. 262 He builds everywhere on the foundation-thought that a Christian is [etc.].

C2. = Belonging to a foundation (Sense 4.) Cf. founder n.¹ Compounds.

foundation animal n.

ΚΠ

1900 Westm. Gaz. 28 June 1/1 The Royal herd and flock at Sandringham were established in 1863, when the foundation animals were selected from some of the best stocks in England.

foundation-charter n.

ΚΠ

c1670 A. Wood Life (1848) 129 A copie of the foundation-charter of Canterbury college in Oxon.

foundation child n.

ΚΠ

1844 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. India 301 The foundation children are elected from the Christian population of Calcutta.

† foundation master n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1706 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 17 Feb. He was a Foundation Master (as they call them).

foundation scholar n.

ΚΠ

1883 Cassell's Family Mag. Aug. 525/1 The number of free or Foundation scholars has been increased.

† foundation undergraduate n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1687 W. Sherwin in J. R. Bloxham Magdalen Coll. & James II (1886) (modernized text) 216 Any foundation-undergraduate.

b. Also applied to persons, etc. belonging to or associated with the founding of a society or institution.

foundation member n.

ΚΠ

1928 Daily Mail 31 July 8/5 The subscription will be 5s. a year for foundation members.

1965 Doughty & Wahl in Rossetti Lett. I. 41 James Collinson,..a foundation member of the P.R.B.

1970 Morning Star 26 Aug. 5 A foundation member of the Communist Party, Tommy Strudwick,..has died in New Zealand.

C3. Special combinations.

foundation-chain n. the first stitches in a piece of crochet-work.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > consisting of loops or looped stitches > crochet > stitch or stitches

tambour-stitchc1840

spot stitch1865

treble1872

foundation-chain1882

octagon-stitch1885

1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 122/1 Foundation Chain. Used in Crochet as the commencement to all patterns.

foundation deposit n. an object placed in the foundation of a building.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > foundations > parts of

foundation stone1651

touching1663

footstone1728

substrate1730

found1818

air drain1833

damp-course1876

damp-proof course1876

foundation-trench1942

foundation deposit1955

1955 L. Woolley Alalakh ii. 84 It is tempting to regard these concealed ‘cupboards’ as intended to receive foundation-deposits.

1962 D. Harden Phoenicians 225 As a foundation-deposit under one wall there was a late geometric amphora with twisted handles.

foundation garment n. a woman's corset, or corset-substitute.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > underwear > [noun] > corset

busk1581

a pair of stays1608

bodicea1625

stay1731

corset1795

belt1818

foundation garment1927

foundation1939

1927 Daily Express 12 Sept. 5/5 These are best described as cami~bockers, plus a skirt, and are quite the most sensible foundation garment.

1952 M. McCarthy Groves of Academe (1953) iv. 54 Courses tailored to the individual need, like their own foundation-garments.

1957 Times 25 Nov. 11/1 It is wise first of all to give thought to the question of the right foundation garments. Unconditioned muscles tire less with the support of a well-fitted brassière and pantie-belt.

foundation-muslin n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric for specific purpose > [noun] > for lining or stiffening

catgut1731

foundation-muslin1858

trunk-lining1876

Victoria lawn1882

Vilene1954

1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Foundation-muslin.

foundation-net n. gummed fabrics used for stiffening dresses and bonnets.

ΚΠ

1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 213/1 Foundation Net. A coarse quality of Net, made in large meshes, gummed and employed for stiff foundations in Millinery and Dressmaking.

foundation-school n. an endowed school.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > endowed or public school

public school1580

foundation-school1834

1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. xiv. 210 I had been..educated at a foundation school.

foundation stone n. one of the stones forming the foundation of a building; spec. a stone laid with public ceremony to celebrate the founding of the edifice; also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > foundations > parts of

foundation stone1651

touching1663

footstone1728

substrate1730

found1818

air drain1833

damp-course1876

damp-proof course1876

foundation-trench1942

foundation deposit1955

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xlii. 302 The Foundation-Stone of the Church.

1856 J. A. Symonds Let. 28 June (1967) I. 74 The laying of the Foundation Stone of the New Aisle.

1874 J. Morley On Compromise 191 The first foundation-stone for the doctrine of liberty is to be sought in the conception of society as a growing and developing organism.

1887 Spectator 9 July 924/1 The foundation-stone of the Imperial Institute was laid by the Queen.

foundation-stop n. in an organ (see quot. 1881 at sense 4b).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > stop > diapason tone stops

diapason1519

foundation-stop1846

1846 E. F. Rimbault in R. North Mem. Musick 121 Smith seems to have excelled in the diapason or foundation stops.

1880 C. A. Edwards Organs ii. xx. 148 Foundation stops are those that give a note corresponding to the key pressed.

foundation-trench n. (see quot. 1954).

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > foundations > parts of

foundation stone1651

touching1663

footstone1728

substrate1730

found1818

air drain1833

damp-course1876

damp-proof course1876

foundation-trench1942

foundation deposit1955

1942 Oxoniensia 7 28 The purpose of this enclosure is obscure. The rectangular sides suggest a foundation-trench for a masonry building, but no trace of masonry or even rubble was found in the section.

1954 M. Wheeler Archaeol. from Earth (1955) vi. 72 A trench, known as the ‘foundation-trench’, is cut along the line of the proposed wall in order that the foundations of the latter may rest upon the solid sub-soil rather than upon the relatively unstable soil that is commonly found on the surface.

Derivatives

† founˈdation v. Obsolete to ground.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)] > ground or initiate

foundc1394

groundc1405

introduce1475

induce1490

enter?1529

institutea1538

flesh1591

induct1603

initiate1603

principle1608

elementa1639

foundation1661

1661 O. Felltham Resolves (rev. ed.) 238 He that foundations not himself with the Arts, will hardly be fit to go out Doctor, either to himself, or others.

Draft additions 1993

a. [Spec. use of 4a above; see also sense 4c] An organization with an endowment whose earnings are devoted to financing research, the arts, and other charitable causes. Originally U.S.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > philanthropy > [noun] > philanthropic society

foundation1905

1905 N.Y. Times 28 Apr. 1/7 The corporation which is being formed will be styled ‘The Carnegie Foundation’.

1930 F. Keppel Foundation 95 The foundation should be alert to seek out and to enter new fields where help is needed, provided its resources are sufficient.

1952 A. Flexner Funds & Foundations i. 1 This volume deals with the great philanthropic and educational foundations.

1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia IV. 783/2 In 1925 the sixth son of Meyer Guggenheim, Simon Guggenheim.., established in memory of his son the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to award fellowships to aid artists and scholars studying abroad.

1987 Washington Post 10 Oct. b8/6 The Rockefeller Foundation, the main sponsor of the show, provided about $400,000.

b. Bee-keeping. A base of beeswax sheeting moulded into the shape of a honeycomb and placed in the frame of a hive to stimulate comb-building upon it. Also as comb-foundation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > bee-keeping > [noun] > bee-keeping equipment

mantle1609

crown pina1642

queen cage1853

foundation1867

smoker1875

comb-foundation1880

honey bucket1886

bee-smoker1897

1867 Amer. Bee Jrnl. May 209/1 Several years ago we devised and patented an apparatus for making artificial honey-comb foundations having rudimental cells.

1881 T. Cowan Brit. Bee-Keeper's Guide Bk. xi. 57 If..the underside of the top bar of the frame is provided with a strip of wax, or comb-foundation, they at once accept this as a guide to work out their combs.

1910 Encycl. Brit. III. 633/2 Mehring (1857) is justly claimed as the originator of comb-foundation.

1939–40 Army & Navy Stores Catal. 991/1 Hive of Taylors' ‘Commercial’ pattern..complete with all frames and sections fitted with full sheets of wax foundation.

1974 Ecologist IV. viii. 297/2 In the event of the need for new wax this can be bought in sheets of pure beeswax, called foundation.

1986 Los Angeles Times 11 Dec. (San Diego County ed.) 5 a6/2 With this wax foundation as a base, the bees ‘pull out’ each thin-walled cell, extending and deepening it for larva or honey.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	foundation
释义	foundationn. Brit. /faʊnˈdeɪʃn/, U.S. /faʊnˈdeɪʃən/ Forms: Middle English–1500s f(o)undacio(u)n, -yon, Middle English–1500s f(o)undatio(u)n, -yo(u)n, (1500s foundasyon), 1600s fundation, fondation, Middle English– foundation. Etymology: < Latin fundātiōn-em, noun of action < fundāre : see found v.² Compare Old French fondacion (1322). 1. The action of founding or building upon a firm substructure; the state or fact of being founded. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > [noun] > building foundations foundationc1385 pinning1418 underpinning1486 groundselling1579 c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Thisbe. 739 This wal..Was cloven a-two, right fro the toppe adoun, Of old tyme of his fundacioun. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xxi. 223 The foundacion of the Tour of Babylon. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezra iii. 12 Many of the olde prestes..which had sene the house afore in his foundacion. 1611 Bible (King James) John xvii. 24 Thou louedst mee before the foundation of the world. View more context for this quotation 1719 T. Tickell To Earl Warwick, On Death Addison 44 Ne'er to these chambers where the mighty rest, Since their foundation, came a nobler guest. 2. figurative. The action of establishing, instituting, or constituting on a permanent basis. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > [noun] > institution or founding fasteningeOE stablishinga1300 groundingc1380 stablingc1380 ordinancec1384 establishingc1400 foundationc1400 fundament1440 stablishment1444 institutionc1460 upsetting1470 erection1508 instituting1534 foundingc1540 erecting1553 constitution1582 establishment1596 plantation1605 instauration1614 institute1641 bottoming1642 ordaining1643 settlement1646 planting1702 incardination1897 c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xi. 44 Þat was þe fundacion of þe Templeres and of þaire ordre. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccvi^v For the more sure foundacion of the newe amitie, Edward Prince of Wales, wedded Anne. 1619 J. Sempill Sacrilege Sacredly Handled 84 Heere then was but a Nuncupation, a Fundation of Priesthood. 1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 73 Extending to the foundation of the Empire of Baghdad. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. §5. 506 The foundation of the linen manufacture which was to bring wealth to Ulster. 3. a. esp. The establishing of an institution, together with an endowment or provision for its perpetual maintenance. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > institution > establishing of foundation1389 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 67 Theyse arne the ordinaunces of the Gylde of Seynt Katerine..ordeynyd..in the fyrste fundacion. c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1885) xix. 185 To establysh and..amortyse þe same lyuelod to is crowne..wych than wold be as a newe ffundacion of is crowne. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xxii. sig. h.iii What landes he gaue, towarde the fundacyon Of the sayd monastery. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1349/2 In ech vniuersities by the foundation of the ordinarie and publike lessons. 1859 C. Barker Devel. Associative Princ. i. 7 The piety..evidenced by bequests of broad acres, the foundation of religious houses. †b. The charter of establishment or incorporation of a society, institution, etc., with rules and ordinances for its government. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal document > types of legal or official document > [noun] > document creating a corporation foundation1389 charter1474 incorporationa1600 bank charter1736 1389 in T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 110 [heading] Certificacio fundacionis et regiminis gilde..[ending with] Other fundacioun es ther non. 1530–1 Act 22 Hen. VIII c. 12 Euery person..bounden by reason of any foundacion or ordynaunce to gyue or distribute any money in almes. 1546 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 20 As in the First Chauntrie at large is declared as apperyth by Foundacion dated [etc.]. 4. a. That which is founded or established by endowment; an institution (e.g. a monastery, college, or hospital) established with an endowment and regulations for its maintenance. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > institution foundation1548 institution1707 institute1829 establishment1832 1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xxx He begon to founde a college of a hundreth prestes, which foundacion with the founder shortelye toke an ende. 1669 A. Woodhead tr. Life St. Teresa (1671) ii. xxviii. 175 It was our Lord's pleasure, that no Foundation should be erected without great troubles to me. 1843 J. T. Coleridge Let. Sept. in A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold (1844) I. i. 9 Corpus is a very small establishment,—twenty fellows and twenty scholars, with four exhibitioners, form the foundation. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. iv. 215 He was with difficulty hindered from becoming a monk in his own foundation of Jumièges. b. on (or †of) the foundation: said of the members of an endowed college or similar society. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [adjective] > relating to institution > members on (or of) the foundation1491 1491 Act 7 Hen. VII c. 19 William Priour of Cristchurche of Caunterbury of your noble fundacion. 1588 Ld. Burghley Let. 7 May in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 26 No Scholer nor Fellowe of the foundation of any Howse of Learninge. 1761 T. Gray Let. 23 June in Corr. (1971) II. 740 If the boy was to be on the foundation [at Eton]. 1834 T. De Quincey S. T. Coleridge in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Sept. 519/1 He..was removed to..London, and placed on the great foundation of Christ's Hospital. 1881 Oxf. Univ. Cal. 163 There are now fourteen Fellowships and fifteen Scholarships on the old Foundation at this College. c. The fund or revenues appropriated to endow such an institution. Also U.S. (see quot. 1851). ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > settlement of property > [noun] > endowment > an endowment dotation?c1430 foundationc1460 endowage?1529 feoffment1561 endowment1597 indument1602 by-foundation1655 c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Legend St. Austin (Harl. 2255) l. 26 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 194 To sette of tithes a fundacioun. 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 83 b They peruert foundations, and will not bestow the Bequeathers free almes. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. vi. 312 None [of the Covents] was left standing in the whole Diocesse of Bangor, where no Foundation was valued at full seventy pounds per annum. 1851 B. H. Hall Coll. College Words 134 Foundation..In America applied to a donation or legacy appropriated especially to maintain poor and deserving..students at a college. 5. a. The solid ground or base (natural or built up) on which an edifice or other structure is erected; also, the lowest part of a building, usually constructed below the ground-level. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > foundations groundc950 ground-wallc1000 fundamentc1300 foundation1398 sole1417 paepae1846 raft1891 raft foundation1895 the world > space > relative position > low position > [noun] > condition of being placed under > that which lies under > base on which a thing rests staddlea900 groundc950 base?c1335 standinga1382 foundation1398 basingc1400 bottom1440 subjecta1500 groundworka1557 basis?a1560 pedestal1563 understand1580 footwork1611 centrea1616 underwork1624 skaddle1635 substructure1641 foot piece1657 pediment1660 seat1661 sedes1662 under-warp1668 plantationa1680 terrace1735 substructure1789 footing1791 seating1805 society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > foundation(s) staddlea900 ground-stathelnessa1300 foundation1398 groundsel1433 ground-pinning1448 underpinning1538 groundworka1557 footing1611 substruction1624 under-filling1624 substructure1726 found1818 pinninga1825 well1832 soling1838 masonite1840 ground-statheling- a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxxxiiii. f. lxx Albeit y^t many [buildings] stande vpon theyr first foundacion as this yet doth. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. viii. 8 b Where as yet are seene the foundations of the auncient citie. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 268 I lay the deep Foundations of a Wall. 1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) If the earth to be built upon is..such that the natural foundation cannot be trusted. 1850 A. Jameson Legends Monastic Orders 24 In digging the foundations of the monastery of Monte Cassino. figurative and in extended use.1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. lvii. 172 The bones ben the foundacion of al the body and the byldynge of all the body is sette thervpon.1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms cii. 25 Thou Lorde in the begynnynge has layed y^e foundacion of the earth.1601 S. Daniel Ciuill Warres (rev. ed.) v. lviii. f. 75, in Wks. Which ingins of protestes, and proffers kinde..So shooke the whole foundation of his minde, As it did all his resolution moue.1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. I^v The large and cheefe Foundation of your Feast, Fat Beefe.1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 63 The Rocks are from their old Foundations rent. View more context for this quotation1705 S. Sewall Diary 19 Jan. (1973) I. 517 The Horses went away with the foundation and left the Superstructure of the Slay and the Riders behind. †b. The ‘seat’ of the body, the ‘fundament’. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > back > buttock(s) > [noun] flitcha700 arse-endseOE culec1220 buttockc1300 tail1303 toutec1305 nagea1325 fundamentc1325 tail-end1377 brawna1382 buma1387 bewschers?a1400 crouponc1400 rumplec1430 lendc1440 nachec1440 luddocka1475 rearwarda1475 croupc1475 rumpc1475 dock1508 hurdies1535 bunc1538 sitting place1545 bottom?c1550 prat1567 nates1581 backside1593 crupper1594 posteriorums1596 catastrophe1600 podex1601 posterior1605 seat1607 poop1611 stern1631 cheek1639 breeka1642 doup1653 bumkin1658 bumfiddle1661 assa1672 butt1675 quarter1678 foundation1681 toby1681 bung1691 rear1716 fud1722 moon1756 derrière1774 rass1790 stern-post1810 sit-down1812 hinderland1817 hinderling1817 nancy1819 ultimatum1823 behinda1830 duff?1837 botty1842 rear end1851 latter end1852 hinder?1857 sit1862 sit-me-down1866 stern-works1879 tuchus1886 jacksy-pardy1891 sit-upon1910 can1913 truck-end1913 sitzfleisch1916 B.T.M.1919 fanny1919 bot1922 heinie1922 beam1929 yas yas1929 keister1931 batty1935 bim1935 arse-end1937 twat1937 okole1938 bahookie1939 bohunkus1941 quoit1941 patoot1942 rusty-dusty1942 dinger1943 jacksie1943 zatch1950 ding1957 booty1959 patootie1959 buns1960 wazoo1961 tush1962 1681 S. Colvil Mock Poem (1751) 131 Who quarrels pick with neighbour nations Get halberts thrust thro' their fundations. 6. figurative. a. A basis or groundwork on which something (immaterial) is raised or by which it is supported or confirmed; an underlying ground or principle; the basis on which a story, fiction, or the like is founded. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > basis or foundation > [noun] ground1340 root1340 substancec1384 fundament1395 foundationc1400 groundment?a1412 footing1440 anvila1450 bottom ground1557 groundwork1557 foot1559 platform1568 subsistence1586 subject matter1600 ground-colour1614 basisa1616 substratum1631 basement1637 bottoma1639 fonda1650 fibre1656 fund1671 fundamen1677 substruction1765 starting ground1802 fundus1839 c1400 Hist. & Art. Masonry 28 Hit was cause and fundacion of all craftys and sciens. 1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i, in Wks. 161/1 This one poynt is the very fond foundacion and ground of all his great heresyes. 1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 4 The Edition of the Seuentie was vsed by the Greeke fathers for the ground and foundation of their Commentaries. 1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 182 The principles, and foundation of a demonstration, are necessary axiomes. 1655 Campion's Art of composing Musick in Parts in J. Playford Introd. Skill Musick ii. 1 The Base, which is the lowest part and foundation of the whole Song. 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 161 There being no reasonable Foundation to believe that the Deluge did come to pass this way. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 91. ⁋1 The Subject I am now going upon would be much more properly the Foundation of a Comedy. 1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 1 Dec. (1965) I. 287 The report..I can assure you..has no real foundation. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. i. 47 The only true and natural foundations of society are the wants and the fears of individuals. 1843 J. S. Mill Syst. Logic I. i. iii. §9 I shall term the sensation of white the foundation of the quality whiteness. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 313 Thus far Socrates has proceeded in placing religion on a moral foundation. †b. A ground or reason upon which men act; an understanding, basis of agreement. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [noun] > reason or ground achesounc1230 anchesouna1250 reasona1250 groundc1275 matter1340 purposec1350 cause1413 quarrel1476 actiona1500 subject1577 spring of action1583 qualitya1586 inducement1593 place1593 theme1594 instance1597 motive1605 impulsivea1628 justifiera1635 foundation1641 rise1641 plummet1679 mainspring1695 the mind > language > speech > agreement > [noun] > basis of foundation1641 1641 R. Carpenter Experience, Hist., & Divinitie iv. ii. 132 He may kill his adversary, upon this foundation, because he must either kill or be kill'd. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. xli. 107 That the English might again repair to their respective Houses, and trade on the old Foundation. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §30 Upon this foundation Captain Lovet engaged Mr. John Rudyerd to be his engineer. c. plural. [translating German grundlagen, etc.] The underlying principles or logical basis (of a subject), esp. as a separate matter for study. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > basis or foundation > [noun] > basis or fundamental principle > underlying principles foundation1817 politics1874 1817 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. x. 194 I retired to a cottage in Somersetshire..and devoted my thoughts and studies to the foundations of religions and morals. 1897 B. Russell (title) An essay on the foundations of geometry. 1931 F. P. Ramsey (title) The foundations of mathematics. 1941 R. Courant & H. E. Robbins What is Math.? ii. 87 Paradoxes like this have led Russell and others to a systematic study of the foundations of mathematics and logic. 1944 H. Reichenbach (title) Philosophic foundations of quantum mechanics. 1965 A. S. Luchins & E. H. Luchins Logical Found. Math. xviii. 377 Despite the popularity of the term foundations, there are wide differences of opinion as to the importance of foundations for psychology. 7. transferred. Thesaurus » Categories » a. That upon which any structure is built up; a body or ground upon which other parts are overlaid; in various technical uses: e.g. in Dressmaking, an underskirt over which the outer skirt is hung or draped; also, a material used for stiffening a garment, etc.; in crochet-work and knitting, the first set of stitches, to which the rest are secured. b. attributive. c. = foundation garment n. at Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > underwear > [noun] > corset busk1581 a pair of stays1608 bodicea1625 stay1731 corset1795 belt1818 foundation garment1927 foundation1939 1845 G. Dodd Brit. Manuf. 5th Ser. 159 The ‘body’, or ‘foundation’, of a good beaver hat is..made of eight parts rabbits' fur [etc.]. 1865 M. Eyre Lady's Walks South of France xvii. 195 The materials to be used are..neatly tacked on the silk—any foundation could..be used; merino, cloth, or whatever material was thought best suited for curtains. 1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. I. 909/2 Foundation,..the body of a hat, of wool or inferior fur, upon which the napping of superior fur is laid and united at the battery. 1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 213/1 Foundation Net. A coarse quality of Net..employed for stiff foundations in Millinery and Dressmaking. 1893 G. Hill Hist. Eng. Dress II. 270 Six skirts of tulle over a foundation of satin. 1907 Westm. Gaz. 9 Mar. 13/2 Such a coat is..mounted on a foundation silk. 1939 J. P. Marquand Wickford Point 370 She said that she had heard that I worked in a department store and she wanted to know about foundations. 1960 Harper's Bazaar Oct. 52 A backless, strapless foundation with a contour bust. d. A base for cosmetics. Used esp. attributively, as foundation cream, foundation lotion, foundation make-up. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > bases base1889 powder base1916 foundation make-up1929 pancake1937 1911 G. Stratton-Porter Harvester xiii. 279 She found a box of cream and rubbed it on for a foundation. Then she opened some pink powder, and carefully dusted her cheeks.] 1929 D. L. Moore Pandora's Let. Box x. 179 A thick layer of powder..may be spread on a foundation cream having almost the consistency of paste. 1935 ‘E. Ann’ Beauty Adorned x. 86 A greaseless foundation-cream as a base. 1939–40 Army & Navy Stores Catal. 434/3 Foundation Cream—3/6. Foundation Lotion—4/6. 1942 D. Powell Time to be Born (1943) x. 227 Miss Finkelstein..checked on her Chinese yellow foundation make-up. 1952 C. W. Cunnington Eng. Women's Clothing viii. 265 Starting with foundation lotion over cherry-coloured cream rouge..this is followed by cameo powder and cherry lipstick. 1959 News Chron. 12 Aug. 5/5 I don't use foundation now. It dries my skin. 1965 Harper's Bazaar 89/1 Hand Cream, Foundation Cream, Cleansing Milk. 1966 Guardian 25 Apr. 6/2 Lipsticks (and foundations) in rich as well as pale colours for the darker woman. Compounds General attributive. C1. simple attributive (= belonging to or serving as a foundation, fundamental). ΚΠ 1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing xi. 98 If any ask, how the Soul came by those foundation-Propositions. 1671 A. Seller Devout Communicant 195 Christ, that foundation mercy, that hath all mercies folded up in him. a1726 J. Vanbrugh Journey to London (1728) i. i. 5 It is a settled Foundation-Point, that every Child that is born, shall be a Beggar—Except one; and that he—shall be a Fool. 1875 E. White Life in Christ (1878) iii. xx. 262 He builds everywhere on the foundation-thought that a Christian is [etc.]. C2. = Belonging to a foundation (Sense 4.) Cf. founder n.¹ Compounds. a. foundation animal n. ΚΠ 1900 Westm. Gaz. 28 June 1/1 The Royal herd and flock at Sandringham were established in 1863, when the foundation animals were selected from some of the best stocks in England. foundation-charter n. ΚΠ c1670 A. Wood Life (1848) 129 A copie of the foundation-charter of Canterbury college in Oxon. foundation child n. ΚΠ 1844 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. India 301 The foundation children are elected from the Christian population of Calcutta. † foundation master n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1706 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 17 Feb. He was a Foundation Master (as they call them). foundation scholar n. ΚΠ 1883 Cassell's Family Mag. Aug. 525/1 The number of free or Foundation scholars has been increased. † foundation undergraduate n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1687 W. Sherwin in J. R. Bloxham Magdalen Coll. & James II (1886) (modernized text) 216 Any foundation-undergraduate. b. Also applied to persons, etc. belonging to or associated with the founding of a society or institution. foundation member n. ΚΠ 1928 Daily Mail 31 July 8/5 The subscription will be 5s. a year for foundation members. 1965 Doughty & Wahl in Rossetti Lett. I. 41 James Collinson,..a foundation member of the P.R.B. 1970 Morning Star 26 Aug. 5 A foundation member of the Communist Party, Tommy Strudwick,..has died in New Zealand. C3. Special combinations. foundation-chain n. the first stitches in a piece of crochet-work. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > consisting of loops or looped stitches > crochet > stitch or stitches tambour-stitchc1840 spot stitch1865 treble1872 foundation-chain1882 octagon-stitch1885 1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 122/1 Foundation Chain. Used in Crochet as the commencement to all patterns. foundation deposit n. an object placed in the foundation of a building. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > foundations > parts of foundation stone1651 touching1663 footstone1728 substrate1730 found1818 air drain1833 damp-course1876 damp-proof course1876 foundation-trench1942 foundation deposit1955 1955 L. Woolley Alalakh ii. 84 It is tempting to regard these concealed ‘cupboards’ as intended to receive foundation-deposits. 1962 D. Harden Phoenicians 225 As a foundation-deposit under one wall there was a late geometric amphora with twisted handles. foundation garment n. a woman's corset, or corset-substitute. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > underwear > [noun] > corset busk1581 a pair of stays1608 bodicea1625 stay1731 corset1795 belt1818 foundation garment1927 foundation1939 1927 Daily Express 12 Sept. 5/5 These are best described as cami~bockers, plus a skirt, and are quite the most sensible foundation garment. 1952 M. McCarthy Groves of Academe (1953) iv. 54 Courses tailored to the individual need, like their own foundation-garments. 1957 Times 25 Nov. 11/1 It is wise first of all to give thought to the question of the right foundation garments. Unconditioned muscles tire less with the support of a well-fitted brassière and pantie-belt. foundation-muslin n. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric for specific purpose > [noun] > for lining or stiffening catgut1731 foundation-muslin1858 trunk-lining1876 Victoria lawn1882 Vilene1954 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Foundation-muslin. foundation-net n. gummed fabrics used for stiffening dresses and bonnets. ΚΠ 1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 213/1 Foundation Net. A coarse quality of Net, made in large meshes, gummed and employed for stiff foundations in Millinery and Dressmaking. foundation-school n. an endowed school. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > endowed or public school public school1580 foundation-school1834 1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. xiv. 210 I had been..educated at a foundation school. foundation stone n. one of the stones forming the foundation of a building; spec. a stone laid with public ceremony to celebrate the founding of the edifice; also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > foundations > parts of foundation stone1651 touching1663 footstone1728 substrate1730 found1818 air drain1833 damp-course1876 damp-proof course1876 foundation-trench1942 foundation deposit1955 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xlii. 302 The Foundation-Stone of the Church. 1856 J. A. Symonds Let. 28 June (1967) I. 74 The laying of the Foundation Stone of the New Aisle. 1874 J. Morley On Compromise 191 The first foundation-stone for the doctrine of liberty is to be sought in the conception of society as a growing and developing organism. 1887 Spectator 9 July 924/1 The foundation-stone of the Imperial Institute was laid by the Queen. foundation-stop n. in an organ (see quot. 1881 at sense 4b). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > stop > diapason tone stops diapason1519 foundation-stop1846 1846 E. F. Rimbault in R. North Mem. Musick 121 Smith seems to have excelled in the diapason or foundation stops. 1880 C. A. Edwards Organs ii. xx. 148 Foundation stops are those that give a note corresponding to the key pressed. foundation-trench n. (see quot. 1954). ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > foundations > parts of foundation stone1651 touching1663 footstone1728 substrate1730 found1818 air drain1833 damp-course1876 damp-proof course1876 foundation-trench1942 foundation deposit1955 1942 Oxoniensia 7 28 The purpose of this enclosure is obscure. The rectangular sides suggest a foundation-trench for a masonry building, but no trace of masonry or even rubble was found in the section. 1954 M. Wheeler Archaeol. from Earth (1955) vi. 72 A trench, known as the ‘foundation-trench’, is cut along the line of the proposed wall in order that the foundations of the latter may rest upon the solid sub-soil rather than upon the relatively unstable soil that is commonly found on the surface. Derivatives † founˈdation v. Obsolete to ground. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)] > ground or initiate foundc1394 groundc1405 introduce1475 induce1490 enter?1529 institutea1538 flesh1591 induct1603 initiate1603 principle1608 elementa1639 foundation1661 1661 O. Felltham Resolves (rev. ed.) 238 He that foundations not himself with the Arts, will hardly be fit to go out Doctor, either to himself, or others. Draft additions 1993 a. [Spec. use of 4a above; see also sense 4c] An organization with an endowment whose earnings are devoted to financing research, the arts, and other charitable causes. Originally U.S. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > philanthropy > [noun] > philanthropic society foundation1905 1905 N.Y. Times 28 Apr. 1/7 The corporation which is being formed will be styled ‘The Carnegie Foundation’. 1930 F. Keppel Foundation 95 The foundation should be alert to seek out and to enter new fields where help is needed, provided its resources are sufficient. 1952 A. Flexner Funds & Foundations i. 1 This volume deals with the great philanthropic and educational foundations. 1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia IV. 783/2 In 1925 the sixth son of Meyer Guggenheim, Simon Guggenheim.., established in memory of his son the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to award fellowships to aid artists and scholars studying abroad. 1987 Washington Post 10 Oct. b8/6 The Rockefeller Foundation, the main sponsor of the show, provided about $400,000. b. Bee-keeping. A base of beeswax sheeting moulded into the shape of a honeycomb and placed in the frame of a hive to stimulate comb-building upon it. Also as comb-foundation. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > bee-keeping > [noun] > bee-keeping equipment mantle1609 crown pina1642 queen cage1853 foundation1867 smoker1875 comb-foundation1880 honey bucket1886 bee-smoker1897 1867 Amer. Bee Jrnl. May 209/1 Several years ago we devised and patented an apparatus for making artificial honey-comb foundations having rudimental cells. 1881 T. Cowan Brit. Bee-Keeper's Guide Bk. xi. 57 If..the underside of the top bar of the frame is provided with a strip of wax, or comb-foundation, they at once accept this as a guide to work out their combs. 1910 Encycl. Brit. III. 633/2 Mehring (1857) is justly claimed as the originator of comb-foundation. 1939–40 Army & Navy Stores Catal. 991/1 Hive of Taylors' ‘Commercial’ pattern..complete with all frames and sections fitted with full sheets of wax foundation. 1974 Ecologist IV. viii. 297/2 In the event of the need for new wax this can be bought in sheets of pure beeswax, called foundation. 1986 Los Angeles Times 11 Dec. (San Diego County ed.) 5 a6/2 With this wax foundation as a base, the bees ‘pull out’ each thin-walled cell, extending and deepening it for larva or honey. 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