foundationn.
/faʊnˈdeɪʃn/, U.S. /faʊnˈdeɪʃən/ 1. The action of founding or building upon a firm substructure; the state or fact of being founded.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > [noun] > building foundations
foundationc1385
pinning1418
underpinning1486
groundselling1579
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Thisbe. 739 This wal..Was cloven a-two, right fro the toppe adoun, Of old tyme of his fundacioun.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xxi. 223 The foundacion of the Tour of Babylon.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezra iii. 12 Many of the olde prestes..which had sene the house afore in his foundacion.
1611 Bible (King James) John xvii. 24 Thou louedst mee before the foundation of the world. View more context for this quotation
1719 T. Tickell To Earl Warwick, On Death Addison 44 Ne'er to these chambers where the mighty rest, Since their foundation, came a nobler guest.
2. figurative. The action of establishing, instituting, or constituting on a permanent basis.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > [noun] > institution or founding
fasteningeOE
stablishinga1300
groundingc1380
stablingc1380
ordinancec1384
establishingc1400
foundationc1400
fundament1440
stablishment1444
institutionc1460
upsetting1470
erection1508
instituting1534
foundingc1540
erecting1553
constitution1582
establishment1596
plantation1605
instauration1614
institute1641
bottoming1642
ordaining1643
settlement1646
planting1702
incardination1897
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xi. 44 Þat was þe fundacion of þe Templeres and of þaire ordre.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccviv For the more sure foundacion of the newe amitie, Edward Prince of Wales, wedded Anne.
1619 J. Sempill Sacrilege Sacredly Handled 84 Heere then was but a Nuncupation, a Fundation of Priesthood.
1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 73 Extending to the foundation of the Empire of Baghdad.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. §5. 506 The foundation of the linen manufacture which was to bring wealth to Ulster.
3. † b. The charter of establishment or incorporation of a society, institution, etc., with rules and ordinances for its government. Obsolete.
a. esp. The establishing of an institution, together with an endowment or provision for its perpetual maintenance.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > institution > establishing of
foundation1389
1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 67 Theyse arne the ordinaunces of the Gylde of Seynt Katerine..ordeynyd..in the fyrste fundacion.
c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1885) xix. 185 To establysh and..amortyse þe same lyuelod to is crowne..wych than wold be as a newe ffundacion of is crowne.
a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xxii. sig. h.iii What landes he gaue, towarde the fundacyon Of the sayd monastery.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1349/2 In ech vniuersities by the foundation of the ordinarie and publike lessons.
1859 C. Barker Devel. Associative Princ. i. 7 The piety..evidenced by bequests of broad acres, the foundation of religious houses.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal document > types of legal or official document > [noun] > document creating a corporation
foundation1389
charter1474
incorporationa1600
bank charter1736
1389 in T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 110 [heading] Certificacio fundacionis et regiminis gilde..[ending with] Other fundacioun es ther non.
1530–1 Act 22 Hen. VIII c. 12 Euery person..bounden by reason of any foundacion or ordynaunce to gyue or distribute any money in almes.
1546 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 20 As in the First Chauntrie at large is declared as apperyth by Foundacion dated [etc.].
4.
a. That which is founded or established by endowment; an institution (e.g. a monastery, college, or hospital) established with an endowment and regulations for its maintenance.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > institution
foundation1548
institution1707
institute1829
establishment1832
1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xxx He begon to founde a college of a hundreth prestes, which foundacion with the founder shortelye toke an ende.
1669 A. Woodhead tr. Life St. Teresa (1671) ii. xxviii. 175 It was our Lord's pleasure, that no Foundation should be erected without great troubles to me.
1843 J. T. Coleridge Let. Sept. in A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold (1844) I. i. 9 Corpus is a very small establishment,—twenty fellows and twenty scholars, with four exhibitioners, form the foundation.
1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. iv. 215 He was with difficulty hindered from becoming a monk in his own foundation of Jumièges.
b. on (or †of) the foundation: said of the members of an endowed college or similar society.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [adjective] > relating to institution > members
on (or of) the foundation1491
1491 Act 7 Hen. VII c. 19 William Priour of Cristchurche of Caunterbury of your noble fundacion.
1588 Ld. Burghley Let. 7 May in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 26 No Scholer nor Fellowe of the foundation of any Howse of Learninge.
1761 T. Gray Let. 23 June in Corr. (1971) II. 740 If the boy was to be on the foundation [at Eton].
1834 T. De Quincey S. T. Coleridge in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Sept. 519/1 He..was removed to..London, and placed on the great foundation of Christ's Hospital.
1881 Oxf. Univ. Cal. 163 There are now fourteen Fellowships and fifteen Scholarships on the old Foundation at this College.
c. The fund or revenues appropriated to endow such an institution. Also U.S. (see quot. 1851).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > transfer of property > settlement of property > [noun] > endowment > an endowment
dotation?c1430
foundationc1460
endowage?1529
feoffment1561
endowment1597
indument1602
by-foundation1655
c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Legend St. Austin (Harl. 2255) l. 26 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 194 To sette of tithes a fundacioun.
1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 83 b They peruert foundations, and will not bestow the Bequeathers free almes.
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. vi. 312 None [of the Covents] was left standing in the whole Diocesse of Bangor, where no Foundation was valued at full seventy pounds per annum.
1851 B. H. Hall Coll. College Words 134 Foundation..In America applied to a donation or legacy appropriated especially to maintain poor and deserving..students at a college.
5. figurative and in extended use.1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. lvii. 172 The bones ben the foundacion of al the body and the byldynge of all the body is sette thervpon.1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms cii. 25 Thou Lorde in the begynnynge has layed ye foundacion of the earth.1601 S. Daniel Ciuill Warres (rev. ed.) v. lviii. f. 75, in Wks. Which ingins of protestes, and proffers kinde..So shooke the whole foundation of his minde, As it did all his resolution moue.1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. Iv The large and cheefe Foundation of your Feast, Fat Beefe.1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 63 The Rocks are from their old Foundations rent. View more context for this quotation1705 S. Sewall Diary 19 Jan. (1973) I. 517 The Horses went away with the foundation and left the Superstructure of the Slay and the Riders behind.† b. The ‘seat’ of the body, the ‘fundament’.
a. The solid ground or base (natural or built up) on which an edifice or other structure is erected; also, the lowest part of a building, usually constructed below the ground-level.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > foundations
groundc950
ground-wallc1000
fundamentc1300
foundation1398
sole1417
paepae1846
raft1891
raft foundation1895
the world > space > relative position > low position > [noun] > condition of being placed under > that which lies under > base on which a thing rests
staddlea900
groundc950
base?c1335
standinga1382
foundation1398
basingc1400
bottom1440
subjecta1500
groundworka1557
basis?a1560
pedestal1563
understand1580
footwork1611
centrea1616
underwork1624
skaddle1635
substructure1641
foot piece1657
pediment1660
seat1661
sedes1662
under-warp1668
plantationa1680
terrace1735
substructure1789
footing1791
seating1805
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > foundation(s)
staddlea900
ground-stathelnessa1300
foundation1398
groundsel1433
ground-pinning1448
underpinning1538
groundworka1557
footing1611
substruction1624
under-filling1624
substructure1726
found1818
pinninga1825
well1832
soling1838
masonite1840
ground-statheling-
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxxxiiii. f. lxx Albeit yt many [buildings] stande vpon theyr first foundacion as this yet doth.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. viii. 8 b Where as yet are seene the foundations of the auncient citie.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 268 I lay the deep Foundations of a Wall.
1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) If the earth to be built upon is..such that the natural foundation cannot be trusted.
1850 A. Jameson Legends Monastic Orders 24 In digging the foundations of the monastery of Monte Cassino.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > back > buttock(s) > [noun]
flitcha700
arse-endseOE
culec1220
buttockc1300
tail1303
toutec1305
nagea1325
fundamentc1325
tail-end1377
brawna1382
buma1387
bewschers?a1400
crouponc1400
rumplec1430
lendc1440
nachec1440
luddocka1475
rearwarda1475
croupc1475
rumpc1475
dock1508
hurdies1535
bunc1538
sitting place1545
bottom?c1550
prat1567
nates1581
backside1593
crupper1594
posteriorums1596
catastrophe1600
podex1601
posterior1605
seat1607
poop1611
stern1631
cheek1639
breeka1642
doup1653
bumkin1658
bumfiddle1661
assa1672
butt1675
quarter1678
foundation1681
toby1681
bung1691
rear1716
fud1722
moon1756
derrière1774
rass1790
stern-post1810
sit-down1812
hinderland1817
hinderling1817
nancy1819
ultimatum1823
behinda1830
duff?1837
botty1842
rear end1851
latter end1852
hinder?1857
sit1862
sit-me-down1866
stern-works1879
tuchus1886
jacksy-pardy1891
sit-upon1910
can1913
truck-end1913
sitzfleisch1916
B.T.M.1919
fanny1919
bot1922
heinie1922
beam1929
yas yas1929
keister1931
batty1935
bim1935
arse-end1937
twat1937
okole1938
bahookie1939
bohunkus1941
quoit1941
patoot1942
rusty-dusty1942
dinger1943
jacksie1943
zatch1950
ding1957
booty1959
patootie1959
buns1960
wazoo1961
tush1962
1681 S. Colvil Mock Poem (1751) 131 Who quarrels pick with neighbour nations Get halberts thrust thro' their fundations.
6. figurative.† b. A ground or reason upon which men act; an understanding, basis of agreement. Obsolete.
a. A basis or groundwork on which something (immaterial) is raised or by which it is supported or confirmed; an underlying ground or principle; the basis on which a story, fiction, or the like is founded.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > basis or foundation > [noun]
ground1340
root1340
substancec1384
fundament1395
foundationc1400
groundment?a1412
footing1440
anvila1450
bottom ground1557
groundwork1557
foot1559
platform1568
subsistence1586
subject matter1600
ground-colour1614
basisa1616
substratum1631
basement1637
bottoma1639
fonda1650
fibre1656
fund1671
fundamen1677
substruction1765
starting ground1802
fundus1839
c1400 Hist. & Art. Masonry 28 Hit was cause and fundacion of all craftys and sciens.
1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i, in Wks. 161/1 This one poynt is the very fond foundacion and ground of all his great heresyes.
1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 4 The Edition of the Seuentie was vsed by the Greeke fathers for the ground and foundation of their Commentaries.
1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 182 The principles, and foundation of a demonstration, are necessary axiomes.
1655 Campion's Art of composing Musick in Parts in J. Playford Introd. Skill Musick ii. 1 The Base, which is the lowest part and foundation of the whole Song.
1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 161 There being no reasonable Foundation to believe that the Deluge did come to pass this way.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 91. ⁋1 The Subject I am now going upon would be much more properly the Foundation of a Comedy.
1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 1 Dec. (1965) I. 287 The report..I can assure you..has no real foundation.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. i. 47 The only true and natural foundations of society are the wants and the fears of individuals.
1843 J. S. Mill Syst. Logic I. i. iii. §9 I shall term the sensation of white the foundation of the quality whiteness.
1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 313 Thus far Socrates has proceeded in placing religion on a moral foundation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [noun] > reason or ground
achesounc1230
anchesouna1250
reasona1250
groundc1275
matter1340
purposec1350
cause1413
quarrel1476
actiona1500
subject1577
spring of action1583
qualitya1586
inducement1593
place1593
theme1594
instance1597
motive1605
impulsivea1628
justifiera1635
foundation1641
rise1641
plummet1679
mainspring1695
the mind > language > speech > agreement > [noun] > basis of
foundation1641
1641 R. Carpenter Experience, Hist., & Divinitie iv. ii. 132 He may kill his adversary, upon this foundation, because he must either kill or be kill'd.
1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. xli. 107 That the English might again repair to their respective Houses, and trade on the old Foundation.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §30 Upon this foundation Captain Lovet engaged Mr. John Rudyerd to be his engineer.
c. plural. [translating German grundlagen, etc.] The underlying principles or logical basis (of a subject), esp. as a separate matter for study.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > basis or foundation > [noun] > basis or fundamental principle > underlying principles
foundation1817
politics1874
1817 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. x. 194 I retired to a cottage in Somersetshire..and devoted my thoughts and studies to the foundations of religions and morals.
1897 B. Russell (title) An essay on the foundations of geometry.
1931 F. P. Ramsey (title) The foundations of mathematics.
1941 R. Courant & H. E. Robbins What is Math.? ii. 87 Paradoxes like this have led Russell and others to a systematic study of the foundations of mathematics and logic.
1944 H. Reichenbach (title) Philosophic foundations of quantum mechanics.
1965 A. S. Luchins & E. H. Luchins Logical Found. Math. xviii. 377 Despite the popularity of the term foundations, there are wide differences of opinion as to the importance of foundations for psychology.
7. transferred.
Thesaurus »
Categories »
a. That upon which any structure is built up; a body or ground upon which other parts are overlaid; in various technical uses: e.g. in Dressmaking, an underskirt over which the outer skirt is hung or draped; also, a material used for stiffening a garment, etc.; in crochet-work and knitting, the first set of stitches, to which the rest are secured.
b. attributive.
c. = foundation garment n. at Compounds 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > underwear > [noun] > corset
busk1581
a pair of stays1608
bodicea1625
stay1731
corset1795
belt1818
foundation garment1927
foundation1939
1845 G. Dodd Brit. Manuf. 5th Ser. 159 The ‘body’, or ‘foundation’, of a good beaver hat is..made of eight parts rabbits' fur [etc.].
1865 M. Eyre Lady's Walks South of France xvii. 195 The materials to be used are..neatly tacked on the silk—any foundation could..be used; merino, cloth, or whatever material was thought best suited for curtains.
1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. I. 909/2 Foundation,..the body of a hat, of wool or inferior fur, upon which the napping of superior fur is laid and united at the battery.
1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 213/1 Foundation Net. A coarse quality of Net..employed for stiff foundations in Millinery and Dressmaking.
1893 G. Hill Hist. Eng. Dress II. 270 Six skirts of tulle over a foundation of satin.
1907 Westm. Gaz. 9 Mar. 13/2 Such a coat is..mounted on a foundation silk.
1939 J. P. Marquand Wickford Point 370 She said that she had heard that I worked in a department store and she wanted to know about foundations.
1960 Harper's Bazaar Oct. 52 A backless, strapless foundation with a contour bust.
d. A base for cosmetics. Used esp. attributively, as foundation cream, foundation lotion, foundation make-up.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > bases
base1889
powder base1916
foundation make-up1929
pancake1937
1911 G. Stratton-Porter Harvester xiii. 279 She found a box of cream and rubbed it on for a foundation. Then she opened some pink powder, and carefully dusted her cheeks.]
1929 D. L. Moore Pandora's Let. Box x. 179 A thick layer of powder..may be spread on a foundation cream having almost the consistency of paste.
1935 ‘E. Ann’ Beauty Adorned x. 86 A greaseless foundation-cream as a base.
1939–40 Army & Navy Stores Catal. 434/3 Foundation Cream—3/6. Foundation Lotion—4/6.
1942 D. Powell Time to be Born (1943) x. 227 Miss Finkelstein..checked on her Chinese yellow foundation make-up.
1952 C. W. Cunnington Eng. Women's Clothing viii. 265 Starting with foundation lotion over cherry-coloured cream rouge..this is followed by cameo powder and cherry lipstick.
1959 News Chron. 12 Aug. 5/5 I don't use foundation now. It dries my skin.
1965 Harper's Bazaar 89/1 Hand Cream, Foundation Cream, Cleansing Milk.
1966 Guardian 25 Apr. 6/2 Lipsticks (and foundations) in rich as well as pale colours for the darker woman.
Compounds
General attributive. C1. simple attributive (= belonging to or serving as a foundation, fundamental).
ΚΠ
1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing xi. 98 If any ask, how the Soul came by those foundation-Propositions.
1671 A. Seller Devout Communicant 195 Christ, that foundation mercy, that hath all mercies folded up in him.
a1726 J. Vanbrugh Journey to London (1728) i. i. 5 It is a settled Foundation-Point, that every Child that is born, shall be a Beggar—Except one; and that he—shall be a Fool.
1875 E. White Life in Christ (1878) iii. xx. 262 He builds everywhere on the foundation-thought that a Christian is [etc.].
C2. = Belonging to a foundation (Sense 4.) Cf. founder n.1 Compounds.
a. † foundation master n. Obsolete† foundation undergraduate n. Obsolete
foundation animal n.
ΚΠ
1900 Westm. Gaz. 28 June 1/1 The Royal herd and flock at Sandringham were established in 1863, when the foundation animals were selected from some of the best stocks in England.
foundation-charter n.
ΚΠ
c1670 A. Wood Life (1848) 129 A copie of the foundation-charter of Canterbury college in Oxon.
foundation child n.
ΚΠ
1844 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. India 301 The foundation children are elected from the Christian population of Calcutta.
ΚΠ
1706 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 17 Feb. He was a Foundation Master (as they call them).
foundation scholar n.
ΚΠ
1883 Cassell's Family Mag. Aug. 525/1 The number of free or Foundation scholars has been increased.
ΚΠ
1687 W. Sherwin in J. R. Bloxham Magdalen Coll. & James II (1886) (modernized text) 216 Any foundation-undergraduate.
b. Also applied to persons, etc. belonging to or associated with the founding of a society or institution.
foundation member n.
ΚΠ
1928 Daily Mail 31 July 8/5 The subscription will be 5s. a year for foundation members.
1965 Doughty & Wahl in Rossetti Lett. I. 41 James Collinson,..a foundation member of the P.R.B.
1970 Morning Star 26 Aug. 5 A foundation member of the Communist Party, Tommy Strudwick,..has died in New Zealand.
C3. Special combinations.
foundation-chain n. the first stitches in a piece of crochet-work.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > consisting of loops or looped stitches > crochet > stitch or stitches
tambour-stitchc1840
spot stitch1865
treble1872
foundation-chain1882
octagon-stitch1885
1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 122/1 Foundation Chain. Used in Crochet as the commencement to all patterns.
foundation deposit n. an object placed in the foundation of a building.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > foundations > parts of
foundation stone1651
touching1663
footstone1728
substrate1730
found1818
air drain1833
damp-course1876
damp-proof course1876
foundation-trench1942
foundation deposit1955
1955 L. Woolley Alalakh ii. 84 It is tempting to regard these concealed ‘cupboards’ as intended to receive foundation-deposits.
1962 D. Harden Phoenicians 225 As a foundation-deposit under one wall there was a late geometric amphora with twisted handles.
foundation garment n. a woman's corset, or corset-substitute.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > underwear > [noun] > corset
busk1581
a pair of stays1608
bodicea1625
stay1731
corset1795
belt1818
foundation garment1927
foundation1939
1927 Daily Express 12 Sept. 5/5 These are best described as cami~bockers, plus a skirt, and are quite the most sensible foundation garment.
1952 M. McCarthy Groves of Academe (1953) iv. 54 Courses tailored to the individual need, like their own foundation-garments.
1957 Times 25 Nov. 11/1 It is wise first of all to give thought to the question of the right foundation garments. Unconditioned muscles tire less with the support of a well-fitted brassière and pantie-belt.
foundation-muslin n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric for specific purpose > [noun] > for lining or stiffening
catgut1731
foundation-muslin1858
trunk-lining1876
Victoria lawn1882
Vilene1954
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Foundation-muslin.
foundation-net n. gummed fabrics used for stiffening dresses and bonnets.
ΚΠ
1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 213/1 Foundation Net. A coarse quality of Net, made in large meshes, gummed and employed for stiff foundations in Millinery and Dressmaking.
foundation-school n. an endowed school.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > endowed or public school
public school1580
foundation-school1834
1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. xiv. 210 I had been..educated at a foundation school.
foundation stone n. one of the stones forming the foundation of a building; spec. a stone laid with public ceremony to celebrate the founding of the edifice; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > foundations > parts of
foundation stone1651
touching1663
footstone1728
substrate1730
found1818
air drain1833
damp-course1876
damp-proof course1876
foundation-trench1942
foundation deposit1955
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xlii. 302 The Foundation-Stone of the Church.
1856 J. A. Symonds Let. 28 June (1967) I. 74 The laying of the Foundation Stone of the New Aisle.
1874 J. Morley On Compromise 191 The first foundation-stone for the doctrine of liberty is to be sought in the conception of society as a growing and developing organism.
1887 Spectator 9 July 924/1 The foundation-stone of the Imperial Institute was laid by the Queen.
foundation-stop n. in an organ (see quot. 1881 at sense 4b).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > stop > diapason tone stops
diapason1519
foundation-stop1846
1846 E. F. Rimbault in R. North Mem. Musick 121 Smith seems to have excelled in the diapason or foundation stops.
1880 C. A. Edwards Organs ii. xx. 148 Foundation stops are those that give a note corresponding to the key pressed.
foundation-trench n. (see quot. 1954).
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > foundations > parts of
foundation stone1651
touching1663
footstone1728
substrate1730
found1818
air drain1833
damp-course1876
damp-proof course1876
foundation-trench1942
foundation deposit1955
1942 Oxoniensia 7 28 The purpose of this enclosure is obscure. The rectangular sides suggest a foundation-trench for a masonry building, but no trace of masonry or even rubble was found in the section.
1954 M. Wheeler Archaeol. from Earth (1955) vi. 72 A trench, known as the ‘foundation-trench’, is cut along the line of the proposed wall in order that the foundations of the latter may rest upon the solid sub-soil rather than upon the relatively unstable soil that is commonly found on the surface.
Derivatives
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)] > ground or initiate
foundc1394
groundc1405
introduce1475
induce1490
enter?1529
institutea1538
flesh1591
induct1603
initiate1603
principle1608
elementa1639
foundation1661
1661 O. Felltham Resolves (rev. ed.) 238 He that foundations not himself with the Arts, will hardly be fit to go out Doctor, either to himself, or others.
Draft additions 1993
a. [Spec. use of 4a above; see also sense 4c] An organization with an endowment whose earnings are devoted to financing research, the arts, and other charitable causes. Originally U.S.
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society > society and the community > social attitudes > philanthropy > [noun] > philanthropic society
foundation1905
1905 N.Y. Times 28 Apr. 1/7 The corporation which is being formed will be styled ‘The Carnegie Foundation’.
1930 F. Keppel Foundation 95 The foundation should be alert to seek out and to enter new fields where help is needed, provided its resources are sufficient.
1952 A. Flexner Funds & Foundations i. 1 This volume deals with the great philanthropic and educational foundations.
1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia IV. 783/2 In 1925 the sixth son of Meyer Guggenheim, Simon Guggenheim.., established in memory of his son the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to award fellowships to aid artists and scholars studying abroad.
1987 Washington Post 10 Oct. b8/6 The Rockefeller Foundation, the main sponsor of the show, provided about $400,000.
b. Bee-keeping. A base of beeswax sheeting moulded into the shape of a honeycomb and placed in the frame of a hive to stimulate comb-building upon it. Also as comb-foundation.
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the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > bee-keeping > [noun] > bee-keeping equipment
mantle1609
crown pina1642
queen cage1853
foundation1867
smoker1875
comb-foundation1880
honey bucket1886
bee-smoker1897
1867 Amer. Bee Jrnl. May 209/1 Several years ago we devised and patented an apparatus for making artificial honey-comb foundations having rudimental cells.
1881 T. Cowan Brit. Bee-Keeper's Guide Bk. xi. 57 If..the underside of the top bar of the frame is provided with a strip of wax, or comb-foundation, they at once accept this as a guide to work out their combs.
1910 Encycl. Brit. III. 633/2 Mehring (1857) is justly claimed as the originator of comb-foundation.
1939–40 Army & Navy Stores Catal. 991/1 Hive of Taylors' ‘Commercial’ pattern..complete with all frames and sections fitted with full sheets of wax foundation.
1974 Ecologist IV. viii. 297/2 In the event of the need for new wax this can be bought in sheets of pure beeswax, called foundation.
1986 Los Angeles Times 11 Dec. (San Diego County ed.) 5 a6/2 With this wax foundation as a base, the bees ‘pull out’ each thin-walled cell, extending and deepening it for larva or honey.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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