franchisen.
/ˈfran(t)ʃʌɪz/, U.S. /ˈfrænˌ(t)ʃaɪz/ I. Freedom, immunity, privilege.† 1. † 5. Freedom from arrest, granted to fugitives in certain privileged places; right of asylum or sanctuary; (of a place of refuge) privileged character, inviolability. Also: an asylum, sanctuary. Obsolete (historical in later use).In quot. c1425 more generally: the right to live in a place.
a. Freedom; exemption from servitude or subjection. Obsolete.In quot. c1300 with reference to the royal prerogative.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > [noun]
freedomeOE
freeshipa1225
freelagec1225
franchisec1300
libertyc1405
largesse1487
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 1271 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 142 (MED) To bi-nime þe kynge is fraunchise and is riȝtes also.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 1091 Wite to soþe þat we wulleþ vor oure franchise fiȝte & vor oure lond.
1452 in A. Clark Lincoln Diocese Documents (1914) 62 (MED) I wol that al those persones to whom I haue graunted any manumyssion, thei reioyse theire fraunchese a[n]d fredom for euermore.
c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 71 Arnus..assemblid a gret oost ayenst the Romains to have..put hem in servage out of her fraunchise.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Chron. (1812) II. xliii. 140 Ye sholde take all that we haue..to maynteyne vs and our fraunches.
1648 D. Jenkins Wks. 110 The House of Commons by themselves..have no power to imprison men, or put them out of Franchise.
b. Spiritual freedom, esp. that enjoyed before the Fall of Man. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > [noun] > moral freedom
franchisec1300
freedom of conscience?c1400
c1300 St. Agatha (Laud) l. 37 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 194 (MED) Hit is more fraunchise to beon godeschulchene oþer is þral þane king oþur Iustise.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 1637 (MED) Al his for-geten nou al þat franches þat i gaue man in paradis.
1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 14 The mooste difficulte in aman..To knowe hym self, To kepe his fraunchyse or liberte.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 28/2 For where the holy ghoost, is, there is fraunchyse and lyberte.
2.
a. A legal immunity or exemption from a particular burden or exaction, or from the jurisdiction of a particular tribunal, granted to an individual, a corporation, an order of persons, etc. In early use also: a special privilege or right to own property, earn income, trade, etc.; such immunities, freedom of government, rights, etc., considered collectively with regard to a people or municipality. Also in extended use. Cf. freedom n. 13a. Now chiefly historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [noun] > legal privilege or immunity
freedomeOE
franchisec1300
c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Laud) l. 517 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 446 (MED) Þat huy ne weorreden nouȝt a-ȝein holi churche, ake laten hire beo stille In hire fraunchise and in pays.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 10703 (MED) He..made þer of chartres..Of þe forest & anoþer of franchise of þe londe.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 130 I þe forbede to chalange any clerke In lay courte..of holy kirke has merke; Ne þe franchise fordo, þat it ouh to halde.
1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. cxlvii. Ij & that holy chyrch shold haue all fraunchises as ferforth as they had in seint Edwards tyme the confessour.
a1500 Warkworth's Chron. (1839) 2 He ratyfied..alle the ffraunsches yeve to citeis..and graunted to many cyteis..new fraunschesses.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xxv This yere the Kynge seasyd the Fraunchyse of the Cytie of London.
a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) II. 32 King Eadgar..bare a gret Zeale to the Towne, and gave very great Frauncheses and Privilges onto it.
1559 in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1725) I. App. viii. 22 All franchises and liberties of the bisshoppericks..deryvid from the crowne.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 92 A most famous towne..endowed by Claudius..with the franchises and right of a Colonie.
1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 167 Franchise..signifies in our Law an Immunity or exemption from ordinary Jurisdiction, as for a Corporation to hold pleas within themselves to such a value, and the like.
a1689 J. Reresby Mem. (1734) 144 The French King was engaged in a high Dispute with his Holiness of Rome, concerning the Immunities and Franchises of Ambassadors in that City.
a1797 E. Burke Ess. Abridgm. Eng. Hist. (rev. ed.) in Wks. (1812) V. 684 They had strength enough to oblige him [sc. John] to a solemn promise of restoring those liberties and franchises, which they had always claimed.
1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella III. ii. xxiii. 353 The city, having first obtained assurance of respect for all its franchises and immunities, surrendered.
1922 W. S. Holdsworth Hist. Eng. Law I. 132 The Quo Warranto enquiries resulted..in confirming the title of the holders of franchises if they could show that they had enjoyed them from the first year of Richard I's reign.
1939 Michigan Law Rev. 37 789 Prohibition has been classed as one of the prerogative writs, that is, a writ issued by the extraordinary power of the sovereign to interfere with private rights in order to preserve the prerogatives and franchises of the state.
1992 Independent 28 Dec. 9/6 He didn't mind toffs and profs indulging themselves, suggested Brien, only railing against something when it appeared the franchise on its enjoyment was about to be extended to the lower orders.
b. In wider sense: a special privilege or exclusive right to perform some public function, granted by a sovereign power to any person or body of people. Cf. liberty n.1 6b.Sometimes as a technical legal term. Now chiefly (originally U.S.): the exclusive right to run a public utility in a particular area for a stated period, often awarded following the submission of competitive tenders.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [noun] > privilege or exceptional right > franchise or privilege of individual or corporation
freedomeOE
franchise1387
privilegec1390
monopoly1578
octroi1578
concession1837
1387–8 Petition London Mercers in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 34 Nought-withstondyng the same fredam or fraunchise, Nichol Brembre..was chosen Mair.
1479 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 53 I beqwethe to Robert myn son, my tenmentes called Calfes and Northes..wt the fraunchyse of faldes of ijcc shepe to eche of the seyd tenmentes bylongyng.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccclxxxi. 640 In diuerse countreys..the noble men hath great fraunches ouer the commons, and kepeth them in seruage.
1557 Bible (Whittingham) Luke xxiii. 17 (note) The Romains had gyuen such franches and liberties to the Iewes [to ‘let one lowse vnto them at the feast’].
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. ix. sig. I5 Ye..the loue of Ladies foule defame; To whom the world this franchise euer yeelded, That of their loues choise they might freedom clame. View more context for this quotation
1598 J. Manwood Treat. Lawes Forrest i. f. 7 A Forrest..is the most highest fraunchise of noble, and princely pleasure, that can be incident vnto the Crowne and Royall dignitie of a Prince.
1612 J. Davies Discouerie Causes Ireland 120 If any of these three Kings..had..graunted them Markets, Fayres, and other Franchises,..assuredly, the Irish Countries had long since beene reformed and reduced to Peace, Plenty, and Ciuility.
1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 121 A mannor whereunto the franchise of waife and stray and such like are appendant.
1671 F. Philipps Regale Necessarium 490 The many Liberties and Franchises in every County and Shire of England and Wales.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 258. ⁋2 I do humbly propose..that another Theatre of Ease may be erected..and that the Direction thereof may be made a Franchise in Fee to me, and my Heirs for ever.
1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. 37 Franchise and liberty are used as synonymous terms: and their definition is, a royal privilege, or branch of the king's prerogative, subsisting in the hands of a subject.
1804 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Property III. 304 If the King grants to a person a fair for one day in the year, and the grantee holds a fair two days,..he shall forfeit his franchise.
1824 J. Marshall Writings upon Federal Constit. (1839) 324 The bill is brought for the purpose of protecting the bank in the exercise of a franchise granted by a law of the United States.
1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. ii. 33 The right of having a watermill was a franchise.
1887 W. M. Ivins Machine Politics 39 After the sale by the Board of Aldermen of the Broadway franchise (the right of laying down a tram~way in Broadway), the Aldermanic office was much sought after.
1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 30 Apr. 4/3 The Weights and Measures Bill..empower[s] municipal and County Councils to purchase ‘franchises’ of weights and measures.
1906 N. J. Hone Manor 121 The fair came to be considered as a valuable franchise, yielding a revenue to the grantee in tolls of piccage (breaking the pavement), stallage, and the like.
1910 G. Pinchot Fight for Conservation 49 A municipal franchise is as properly within its sphere as a franchise for water-power.
1939 Fortune Nov. 132/1 The savings to be made by zoning and giving franchises [sc. for milk delivery] would not be substantial.
1989 Broadcast 18 Aug. 1/2 The Home secretary's reserve powers over broadcasters..may be written into ITV licences after the 1992 award of franchises.
2003 Which? Sept. 10/3 Its [sc. the Strategic Rail Authority's] job is to set service requirements and award franchises to the various train operating companies.
c. North American. Sport.
(a) The authorization, as granted by a professional league, to own and operate a team as a member of that league. Also: a team granted such authorization.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [noun] > team or group > licence granted to club
franchise1885
society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > club > specific authorization or licence
franchise1885
1885 N.-Y. Times 9 Jan. 5/6 It is believed here that Mr. Lucas has purchased the franchise of the Cleveland Club.
1922 Collier's 25 Mar. 29/2 The two wealthy owners of that club paid for the Franchise and players under contract $850,000.
1979 Arizona Daily Star 22 July c1/1 In the past six years, the city of Phoenix has lost seven professional sports franchises.
1992 Sat. Night (Toronto) May 29/2 Did he and the boys really expect to win the franchise, when the twenty-four governors announced in 1989 that two new teams would be added?
2006 Winnipeg Sun (Nexis) 29 Apr. 17 The Manitoba Moose are a great franchise in a great league.
(b) An outstanding player regarded as a team's most valuable member. Frequently attributive, esp. in franchise player.In the National Football League, also used to denote an official status which may be applied to one player on each team, restricting that player's ability to negotiate with other teams: see quot. 1999.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [noun] > other players
server1585
free agent1649
benchwarmer1662
puncher1681
sticker1779
hard hitter1790
hitter1813
go-devil1835
beneficiaire1841
colt1846
heavyweight1857
stayer1862
left-hander1864
attack1869
cap1879
international1882
roadman1886
big leaguer1887
homester1887
sand lotter1887
badger1890
internationalist1892
repeater1893
anchorman1895
grandstander1896
stylist1897
homebrew1903
letterman1905
toss-loser1906
fouler1908
rookie1908
mudder1912
sharpshooter1912
pro-amateur1919
receiver1919
southpaw1925
freestyler1927
hotshot1927
active1931
all-timer1936
iceman1936
wild card1940
scrambler1954
rounder1955
franchise1957
call-up1960
trialist1960
non-import1964
sandbagger1965
rebel1982
wide-body1986
1957 San Francisco Examiner 29 Sept. ii. 16/5 Willie you can see every day. That's why he's the franchise and not merely a meal ticket.
1977 Washington Post 30 Nov. d1/5 He is not what is known in the trade as ‘a franchise’, a player who by himself generates unbeaten seasons.
1978 Washington Post 6 Mar. d5/1 (headline) Team without a 'franchise' player just keeps winning.
1983 USA Today 16 Mar. 3 c/1 He is what baseball men covet,..a franchise player. The pilings on which pennant-winners rest.
1990 H. G. Bissinger Friday Night Lights iii. 66 The preferential treatment Boobie received sometimes caused resentment among the other players... Like it or not he was the franchise.
1999 N.Y. Times 13 Aug. d7/1 Green Bay designated Freeman its franchise player after the season, meaning the team had the right to match any offer made to him.
2008 Sault Star (Sault Saint Marie, Ont.) (Nexis) 27 Feb. b1 Leafs management has been either unwilling or unable to surround its franchise centre with talent that even approaches his level.
d. In marine insurance: a percentage of the value of goods insured below which the underwriter incurs no responsibility.The term was borrowed from French practice, but the English application differs from the French; cf.
1857 M. Hopkins Handbk. Average 140 In some foreign policies the warranty has a rather different signification. It not only requires that the damage should amount to a certain proportion of the value of the goods insured, but it gives to the assured, in case of Average, only that portion of the loss which exceeds the agreed limit, which is there called the franchise, or affranchisement.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > [noun] > other types of insurance
reassurance1702
reinsurance1705
fire insurance1721
marine insurance1787
credit insurance1818
self-insurance1829
guarantee fund1848
industrial assurance1850
industrial insurance1853
fidelity guarantee1880
title insurance1882
open cover1884
rain check1884
co-insurance1889
franchise1895
health insurance1901
casualty insurance1902
travel insurance1912
fidelity insurance1930
medigap1966
fidelity bond1970
1895 W. Gow Marine Insurance 192 It has been arranged that all claims falling short of a certain amount or percentage should not attach to the policy covering the goods. This amount or percentage is termed the franchise.
1895 W. Gow Marine Insurance 195 Nowadays in England when the franchise is once reached, the whole amount of average including the franchise is paid by the underwriter.
1929 V. Dover Handbk. Marine Insurance (ed. 3) 330 Unless a franchise of 5 per cent. is attained.
1962 R. H. Brown Dict. Marine Insurance Terms 103 Franchise, an amount or percentage specified in the policy which must be reached before a claim is payable... In some foreign insurances the term may be used to denote a deductible franchise.
1992 Jrnl. Risk & Insurance 59 156 The clause ‘with average if amounting to 3 percent’ provides partial loss coverage for the perils of the sea with a 3 percent franchise deductible.
e. Originally U.S. An authorization granted to an individual or group to trade in a particular area for a stated period, usually in return for royalties, a share of the profits, etc. Hence: the business or territory controlled by a franchisee.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > [noun] > selling by right of concession > in certain area
franchise1903
franchising1959
1903 Amer. Law Reg. 51 621 The court also thought that the contract vested a property right, in the nature of a franchise, in the plaintiff.
1937 Amer. Home Apr. 168/2 (advt.) You may know of a responsible Fuel dealer, heating contractor or progressive business man in your community who might be interested in obtaining a Fluid Heat Franchise. We'll appreciate your sending us his name, or calling this advertisement to his attention.
1959 Listener 2 Apr. 600/3 Paul had obtained the barber shop franchise in a local hotel.
1970 Guardian 31 July 9/7 The endless seekers of franchises on the [pop festival] site. Drinks, hot dogs, records..are a ready source of cover.
1986 Lydney Observer 12 Sept. 3/2 Kears Bakery have a retail bread franchise for sale, good opportunity to acquire your own well established and profitable business.
2005 J. MacGregor Sunday Money i. 24 Outside, the franchises blur past, zipless and endless, the American habits of reassuring identicality and relentless architectural gigantism flowing together.
f. Originally U.S. A general title, format, or unifying concept used for creating or marketing a series of products (esp. films, television shows, etc.).
ΚΠ
1936 N.Y. Times 9 July 17/2 (heading) Warner Brothers hold their G-Man franchise with ‘Public Enemy's Wife’ at the Strand.
1986 L. Nimoy in Los Angeles Times 14 June 6 I think the studio [is]..definitely interested in the future of the ‘Star Trek’ franchise.
1988 N.Y. Times 29 Sept. c21/1 Paramount had what the industry calls ‘franchises’—strong movie series with built-in sequels—including ‘Indiana Jones’, ‘Friday the 13th’ and ‘Star Trek’.
1998 Daily News of Los Angeles (Nexis) 8 Nov. Wolf wanted to produce something that was more of an extension of his ‘Law & Order’ franchise.
2005 FHM Jan. 163/1 Not only was The Getaway a rip-roaring rocket-fuelled orgy of shooters, motors and Lahndon-based criminals, it also happened to be the UK's best-selling new game franchise ever.
3. A geographic area of varied nature and extent in which an individual or corporation could, through grant or long usage, exercise public jurisdiction; = liberty n.1 6c. Now historical. †to go (also ride) the franchises: to beat the bounds (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > [noun] > area over which jurisdiction exercised
land and ledeOE
regimenta1393
franchisea1400
right?a1400
obeisance1419
liberty?1435
English palec1453
palec1453
English palea1549
judgement1617
command1621
commandment1632
bourne1818
Crown land1849
rulership1882
overseas territory1900
a1400 in K. W. Engeroff Untersuchung Usages of Winchester (1914) 56 Þulke..by whom hij hem mowe bygge, ne shulle hem nowt wiþoute þe fraunchyse lede.
1455 in J. T. Gilbert Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 285 (MED) The Mayre and the Baylyffes and comynes schold ryd the franches of the sayd cytte..aftyr feste of Trynyte Sunday.
1486 in Surtees Misc. (1888) 53 Tadcastre brige, being thextremitie of y' fraunches.
1526 R. Whitford tr. Martiloge (1893) 64 In the fraunchest of pontyne.
1572 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 341 The francheses of this Cytie shalbe ryd according to auncient custom.
1577 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1889) IV. 168 Payd for carydg of the olde fraunces crose to the towne.
1621 Act 36 Hen. VI in R. Bolton Statutes Ireland 27 This Statute shall be observed and take place as well within Franchises and liberties as without.
1680 A. Wood Life & Times (1892) II. 493 That day he went the franchises with the mayor and citizens.
1753 Universal Advertiser 11 Aug. (1754) 74 (advt.) He has likewise invented a Species of Major or Brigadier [sc. a type of wig] for the better Sort of Citizens or Tradesmen, which..may serve extremely well when they..intend to ride the Franchises.
1774 E. Jacob Hist. Faversham 27 The river which separates the franchise of the church of Canterbury down to a place towards the South.
1876 K. E. Digby Introd. Hist. Law Real Prop. (ed. 2) i. 15 The owner of a franchise or liberty or district exempt from the jurisdiction of the hundred.
1979 Antiquaries Jrnl. 59 467 In spite of the creation of the Norman earldom of Shrewsbury, and the existence in the Middle Ages of important franchises in Shropshire, that county failed to develop into a palatinate as Chester did.
4. The freedom of or full membership of a corporation or state; citizenship. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [noun] > status or rights of being a citizen
burgessy1340
civilityc1384
franchisea1400
burgess-shipa1450
free burghership?1555
citizenship1611
cit1679
burghership1725
citizenhood1851
a1400 in K. W. Engeroff Untersuchung Usages of Winchester (1914) 66 No brewestere, out of fraunchyse, ne may brewe wit-ynne þe power of þe Citee to sale.
1467 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 399 (MED) In peyn of xx s. and lesynge of his ffraunches..yf eny man of the seid cite make or labor for eny other persones then for a man of the seid cite, that then he forfett his ffraunchise.
1579 W. Fulke Refut. Rastels Confut. in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 742 Our franches, freedom, or conuersation is in heauen.
1606 P. Holland in tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars Annot. 2 Unlesse they might be donati civitate. i. enioy the Franchises and Freedome of Rome.
1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) II. 36 Solon..published an amnesty..which restored those citizens who had been deprived of their franchise for lighter offences.
1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. xxiii. 305 The men of London..ranked with the barons of the realm, and many barons of the realm had been admitted to the franchise of their commonalty.
1928 A. M. Duff Freedmen in Early Rom. Empire iii. 29 It must be borne in mind that the tax was probably levied only on Roman citizens, and that, during the times to which our statistics apply, the franchise had not been extended far outside Rome.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [noun] > right of asylum
privilegea1387
franchisec1425
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > immunity secured by
church-sokeneOE
sanctuaryc1380
franchisec1425
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > right of affording
sanctuaryc1380
privilegea1387
franchisec1425
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. l. 372 Not-with-stondinge þe graunt & liberte ȝoven to hym tabide in þe cyte..But Grekis han annullid his fraunchise.
?c1430 (?1383) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 323 Men wondren moche whi alle manquelleris schullen have þis fraunchise of þe sche [perh. read seintuarie].
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 4994 In cuthbert mynster he come forþi, Þe fraunchyse to breke of it.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) viii. vi. 69 The haly schaw, Quhilk strang Romulus dyd reduce and draw In maner of franches or of sanctuary.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. clx. 177 a Trecte, a fraunches towne for all maner of people.
1550 T. Nicolls tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War i. xv. f. xliiv The sayd seruant came to render himselfe within the temple or place of Tenarus, as one man, that hath offended his maistre. And putteth him into franchise or sanctuary.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 121 They forbeare those..that flie vnto them as to a place of franchise and priuiledge.
1651 J. March tr. R. Brook Some New Cases of Time Hen. 8, Edw. 6 & Mary 240 If a man arrested in a Franchise, sues a Writ of Priviledge and removes the body and the cause, and after comes not to prove his cause of Priviledge, the Plaintiff in the Franchise may have a Procedendo.
1706 tr. Count d'Elci Present State Court of Rome 379 He always sent his Guards over the whole Town, so that in his time there was no Franchise, privileged Quarter or Refuge, even for the slightest Offences.
1709 J. Rowe tr. Sallust Historian 53 I think that the Prudentest Course may be This: To Confiscate and Set to Sale their Estates, and Confine their Persons in Close Custody in such of the Franchise Towns as are strongest.
1773 T. Leland Hist. Ireland I. ii. v. 321 Express power was given to the king's sheriffs to enter into all franchises, and there to apprehend felons or traitors.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xxii. 775 At length, in 1697, a bill for abolishing the franchises of these places..received the royal assent. The Alsatians and Savoyards were furious.
6.
a. The right or privilege of voting in public elections, esp. for members of a legislative body; more fully elective franchise.Originally a mere contextual application of sense 2b.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > right to vote at elections > [noun]
suffrage1598
franchise1769
voting right1784
1769 J. Dyson Case of Late Election for County of Middlesex 39 By this means..the franchises of the electors are taken away, which nothing but an act of Parliament can do.
1785 G. Berkeley Danger Violent Innovations in State (ed. 5) 89 In consequence of the extension of commerce, and the removal of restraints on alienation of lands, the elective franchise is, probably enjoyed by fifty times as many persons in England at this day, as it was in the year 1429.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 259 It would be too much to tell a man jealous of his equality, that the elector has the same franchise who votes for three members as he who votes for ten. View more context for this quotation
1819 J. Mackintosh Parl. Suffrage in Wks. (1846) III. 215 The reasons which make it important to liberty, that the elective franchise should be exercised by large bodies of the lower classes.
1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xiii. 379 New boroughs..acquired the franchise of election.
1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation i. i. 71 The occupier of a 10l. house has been intrusted with the elective franchise.
1869 G. Rawlinson Man. Anc. Hist. 128 Citizens in a certain sense, but without franchise.
1908 Times 12 Feb. 10/3 A number of woman suffragists attempted to force their way into the House to present a petition in favour of the extension of the franchise to women to the Prime Minister.
1974 Spartanburg (S. Carolina) Herald 25 Apr. a1/6 The black majority has the franchise in tribal homelands under South Africa's race segregation policy.
1992 National Forum 1 Nov. 21/2 Bush has also begun taking on Perot by warning voters not to waste their franchise on someone who cannot win.
2001 V. Prashad Everybody was Kung Fu Fighting iv. 122 MacLeod contended that this disjuncture can be explained by multiple generations of failure among the white families, whereas their black neighbors had only recently won the right to the franchise and to equality.
b. Any one of the various principles of qualification for the right to vote. Cf. fancy franchise at fancy adj. 3d.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > right to vote at elections > [noun] > one of principles on which right based
franchise1831
intelligence test1857
1831 Times 14 Sept. 1/6 Mr. Trevor was proceeding to move, that the household franchise in and round London, and in all commercial and manufacturing towns, be raised from 10l. to 20l.
1884 W. E. Gladstone in Daily News 29 Feb. 2/4 We propose to establish a new franchise, which I should call—till a better phrase be discovered—the service franchise.
1916 Eng. Hist. Rev. 31 511 No new qualification was introduced by the act, for the service franchise should be regarded merely as an assertion that a servant inhabiting his employer's tenement is a tenant.
1920 Jrnl. Compar. Legislation & Internat. Law 2 61 The Constitution Amendment (War Service Franchise) Act (No. 1335), extends the right to vote at elections for members for the Legislative Council to soldiers and sailors and nurses who have been on active service notwithstanding that they do not possess any of the property qualifications heretofore required of all Legislative Council electors.
1966 Hist. Jrnl. 9 41 Inevitably, the cogency of his argument that the household franchise was a class franchise depends on the validity of the logically antecedent argument that these other provisions had no sociological importance.
1977 Washington Post (Nexis) 2 Dec. a12 While he did not say he would accept universal adult suffrage, he indicated he would give up his insistence on a ‘qualified franchise’ based on income and education requirements so long as there are other ways of assuring minority rights.
2001 A. Vickery Women, Privilege, & Power v. 180 The campaign for household franchise.
7. Nobility of mind; liberality, generosity, magnanimity. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > absence of prejudice > [noun]
franchisec1325
liberal-mindedness1625
unbiassednessa1656
unprejudicateness1660
unprejudicedness1664
unprejudice1721
liberality1783
enlargement1806
imprejudice1806
unpossessednessc1819
liberalism1820
open-mindedness1832
liberalness1861
the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [noun] > liberality
freedomOE
custinessOE
largesse?c1225
freeshipa1250
franchisec1325
largitya1382
largenessa1387
liberalityc1390
bountya1400
honestya1400
freenessc1400
largec1400
liberalnessc1410
munificencec1425
plentyc1425
bounteousnessc1440
magnificencec1450
bountifulness1489
bountines1512
royalty1548
magnificency?c1550
munificency?c1550
free-heartedness1583
profuseness1584
bountihead1590
lavishness1590
frankness1591
ingenuousness1611
fruitfulnessa1616
generosity1634
open-handednessa1640
large-heartedness1640
communicativeness1653
unsparingness1818
free-handedness1860
big-heartedness1872
ungrudgingness1885
two-handedness1891
outgivingness1968
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 9252 (MED) For franchise He let ire go ware heo wolde.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 750 Ȝif I for-loyne as a fol þy fraunchyse may serue.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 743 Heere may ye se, how excellent franchise In wommen is whan they hem narwe auyse.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 808 Agayns franchise and alle gentillesse.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xi. 283 Telle Reynawde..that he take no hede to my trespase & evyll dede, but to his fraunchyse.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 280 Ther-fore remembre vs of pitee and of youre grete fraunchise.
1658 J. Coles tr. Cleopatra 161 It might be remedied by an action of generosity and franchise.
8. Freedom or licence of speech or manners. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > [noun] > freedom of speech or expression
franchise1567
freedom of speech1567
freedom of expression1650
free speech1765
free expression?1865
1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Gv And lo by such like wayes, Came firste the fraunchyse Fessentine.
1653 D. Osborne Let. ?7 Aug. (1903) 127 He gives me some trouble with his suspicions; yet..I deal with so much franchise as to tell him so many times.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
franchisev.
/ˈfran(t)ʃʌɪz/, U.S. /ˈfrænˌ(t)ʃaɪz/ 1. transitive. To make or set free (from, of); to invest with a franchise or privilege; = enfranchise v. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [verb (transitive)] > invest with franchise or privilege
franchisea1325
privilegea1325
libertyc1425
charter1542
privilegiatea1575
endow1601
octroy1845
society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > liberation > set free [verb (transitive)] > free from legal or political subjection
franchisea1325
enfranchisec1600
emancipatea1631
mancipatea1677
a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) v. 7 For þat chusinges sullen ben ifranchisede, þe king defendeth..þat no hey man, þoru poer of armes oþer for manaz, ne desturby fre chuesinge, in cite, ne in boruȝ, ne in toune.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. l. 3263 Thus stonden alle men franchised.
c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. iv. l. 114 Hit ys noȝt semly..Þat vsurers..Be fraunchised for a free man.
?1435 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 631 (MED) From other dayes that day was so devided, And ffraunchised ffrom mistys and ffrom reyn.
1483 W. Caxton in tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 325 b/2 The kyng..fraunchysed al England of the trybute.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clxxi. f. clxxxxviii He..Fraunchaysed that towne with many great lyberties.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Acts xxii. f. 28 Before I could be franchisid & made a citizen.
1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory (1597) 74 b Though all the towne were franchised, yet horses are not toll-free to this day.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. i. 27 I..still keepe My Bosome franchis'd . View more context for this quotation
1633 J. Done tr. ‘Aristeas’ Aunc. Hist. Septuagint 24 The summe then of those were franchis'd, mounted vnto 400. Talents.
1659 H. Stubbe Let. to Officer of Army 55 They [sc. proselytes] were never so franchised as not to retain a character of their having been aliens.
1773 J. Ross Fratricide (MS) ii. 931 Every Soul, when franchis'd from its dust, May quit this life with certain hope in thee.
1793 W. Roberts Looker-on No. 59. 467 Franchised by nature..he [sc. Dryden] felt that he could adventure in poetry beyond any other writer of his age.
1830 Times 24 Feb. 1 He was not opposed to the principle of franchising the large towns only so far as it was not the concomitant or rather sequel of the disfranchisement of corrupt boroughs.
1834 J. A. Heraud Judgem. of Flood ii. x. iii. 263 What its dwelling may be, and how bright, Man's loftiest faculty may not conceive, Till franchised from corporeal servitude.
1884 A. T. de Vere Poet. Wks. VI. 391 Faith which franchised first the Soul of man Franchises next his Mind.
1931 T. S. Moore Poems I. 5 Do thou forget All that, until this joy franchised thee, Tainted thee, stained thee, or disguised thee.
2. transitive. Originally U.S. To grant a commercial franchise to (an individual or group); to grant a franchise for (a product, service, or business). Cf. franchise n. 2e.
ΚΠ
1940 Wall St. Jrnl. 19 July 2/4 7,800 retail dealers are currently franchised to handle [the] company's frozen foods.
1968 Business Week 13 Jan. 64/2 Bank of America..seems to have gotten a jump by franchising its BankAmericard to other banks.
1983 Inc. (Nexis) Dec. 240 Legal considerations and historical precedent wouldn't stop a major and rapid shift to franchising local postal service privately.
1997 Independent 23 Dec. i. 3/1 She was one of the first to predict that oxygen bars—a fad idea which started in Canada and is now being franchised around the world—could catch on.
2005 D. Hildebrand Econ. Anal. Vertical Agreements iv. 42 Pronuptia de Paris and its subsidiaries franchised various retailers to sell wedding gowns, according to its instructions.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.c1300
v.a1325