单词 | formula |
释义 | formulan. 1. a. A set form of words in which something is defined, stated, or declared, or which is prescribed by authority or custom to be used on some ceremonial occasion. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > serious saying, dictum > [noun] > as rule of conduct, etc. precepta1325 form1484 principle?1533 tenenta1556 maxima1564 maxim1578 primate1596 teneta1620 brocarda1623 formulaa1638 sutra1801 eleventh commandment1857 metarule1945 the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > phrase > [noun] > formula formulaa1638 cant1681 magic formula1873 1583 A. Nowell et al. True Rep. Disput. E. Campion sig. Ee2v Camp... The Formula of the second couenant, is Christ. Charke. You vnderstande not..what Formula is.] a1638 J. Mede Wks. (1672) i. xxii. 83 What is the meaning of this Formula [of the Jews—‘Let his memory be blessed’]? 1685 London Gaz. No. 2031/2 The Lord Register reading the Formula, the Lyon King at Arms..Fenced the High Court of Parliament. 1723 Act 9 Geo. I c. 24 §8 All Papists..shall..make and subscribe the Declaration called the Formula, as the same is recited in an Act of Parliament of Scotland [of 1700]. 1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 51 Before inclosing of the Assize, the Clerk, by Order of the Court, leaves a Formula with them for their Direction. 1792 E. Burke Let. to H. Langrishe in Wks. (1842) I. 555 You have sent me several papers..I think I had seen all of them, except the formula of association. 1798 M. Edgeworth & R. L. Edgeworth Pract. Educ. II. xiii. 403 The grammatical formulæ may then by gentle degrees be committed to memory. 1848 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 III. vii. 318 Forcing the Brahmins..to repeat the Mohammedan formula of faith. 1892 Speaker 3 Sept. 293/2 The excellent scholastic formula Transeat, meaning either ‘Not proven’, or ‘Nothing to the purpose’. b. Applied more or less disparagingly, e.g. to rules unintelligently or slavishly followed, to fettering conventionalities of usage, to beliefs held or professed out of mere acquiescence in tradition, etc.Carlyle's use of the word was clearly suggested by the words used of Mirabeau by his father, ‘Il a humé toutes les formules’. This really meant that Mirabeau had unreflectingly ‘swallowed’ the watchwords, or cant phrases of his revolutionary friends; but Carlyle mistranslated humé by ‘swallowed up, made away with’, and frequently alludes to the passage as thus misinterpreted. Carlyle's use of formula, however, though suggested by a mistake, is in itself a very natural development from the ordinary sense. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [noun] > acting according to some standard, fashion, etc. > conformity to established rules formality1597 formula1837 formulism1838 formularism1927 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. ii. i. 93 Man lives not except with formulas; with customs, ways of doing and living. 1861 C. Kingsley Lett. (1878) II. 132 Men who try to speak what they believe, are naked men fighting men quilted sevenfold in formulae. 1871 J. Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue xii. 557 The man of formulas often directs, and sometimes practically determines the action of his superior. 1874 H. R. Reynolds John the Baptist iv. iv. 252 They bound the religious life of their disciples with ever stiffening formulæ which left no room for the free play of the conscience. c. A form of words serving to reconcile different aims, opinions, or points of view. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > peace > pacification > peace treaty > [noun] > terms patisec1500 formula1905 society > society and the community > dissent > absence of dissension or peace > bringing about concord or peace > [noun] > settling quarrels or disputes > agreement or settlement > form of words formula1905 1905 Asquith in Westm. Gaz. 9 Oct. 2/3 The recovery of freedom of negotiation, the reloading of the big revolver, the summoning of an open conference, and all the other temporising formulæ of the Balfourian school. 1928 J. Galsworthy Swan Song i. i. 5 We shall sit and glower at each other, and use the word ‘formula’ at stated intervals. 1940 P. G. Wodehouse Quick Service i. 18 It was plain that this girl and he were poles apart and could never hope to find a formula. 1971 A. Bullock 20th Cent. 51/1 At the Yalta Conference (February 1945) verbal formulae were found to disguise growing differences between the Russians and the Anglo-Americans. d. Literary Criticism. In various technical and semi-technical uses (see quots.). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poetic diction > [noun] > fixed or traditional phrase formula1888 1888 A. S. Cook Judith p. lii Rime and various forms of assonance are occasionally employed by Old English poets, sometimes for the purpose of uniting more closely the two halves of the same line,..rarely in formulas or compounds within the same hemistich. 1903 L. F. Anderson Anglo-Saxon Scop 39 Grein gives four examples of the occurrence of the formula [‘singan and secgan’] in Anglo-Saxon. 1921 B. Tarkington Let. 26 Mar. in On Plays (1959) 49 The formulas that have prevailed are now all familiar to the audience. 1932 M. Parry in Harvard Stud. Classical Philol. XLIII. 8 Each idea to be expressed in the poetry has its formula for each metrical need. 1934 H. J. Rose Handbk. Greek Lit. ii. 31 There are embedded in it [sc. the style of Homer] many formulae, epithets and turns of expression which strongly indicate..the existence of an age of balladry before the date of the epics. 1935 A. C. Bartlett Larger Rhet. Patterns Anglo-Saxon Poetry 91 Although not every Anglo-Saxon poem has a formal introductory passage, there is a type of opening sentence which occurs so often as to allow its being called a formula. 1953 Speculum 28 446 The unlettered singer ordinarily composing rapidly and extempore before a live audience, must and does call upon ready-made language, upon a vast reservoir of formulas filling just measures of verse. 1958 T. B. L. Webster From Mycenae to Homer iii. 89 Homer preserves much of this manner [sc. of second-millennium poetry] in his noun-epithet formulae, typical scenes, formulae for opening and closing of speeches, refrain lines, etc. 1965 M. J. C. Hodgart Faber Bk. Ballads 14 A formula is a theme expressed in identical or almost identical words and metre. 1967 C. L. Wrenn Study Old Eng. Lit. iii. 47 Andreas, a heroic hagiographical poem of the early ninth century, begins with exactly the same exordial formula..as does Beowulf. 1971 Eng. Stud. 52 350 I..fail to see why syntactic, idiomatic and even single semantic units must be called ‘formulas’ because they occur in OE poetry. 2. A prescription or detailed statement of ingredients; a recipe. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cookery-book > [noun] > recipe receipt1595 recipe1631 formula1706 nostrum1742 rule1864 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Formula..a Physician's Prescription or Bill appointing Medicines to be prepared by an Apothecary. 1792 W. Yonge in T. Beddoes Observ. on Nature & Cure of Calculus (1793) 34 I am very glad to hear of your intention to publish your formula. 1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 546 My formula has been, the tincture joined with the dec. lin. so as to administer from fifteen to twenty or thirty drops to children..twice or thrice within the twenty-four hours. 1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. I. viii. 293 White Currant Wine May be made according to the same formula. 3. a. Mathematics. A rule or principle expressed in algebraic symbols. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression > formula binomial theorem1755 formula1794 Rankine's formula1868 proportionality1882 Hero's formula1886 Rutherford's law1913 Mellin transform1927 Langevin equation1943 1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. Pref. 6 An algebraic formula. 1836 R. W. Emerson Nature vi. 69 In physics..the memory..carries centuries of observation in a single formula. 1850 C. G. B. Daubeny Introd. Atomic Theory (ed. 2) v. 156 A general formula for calculating the specific heat of each class of compounds. 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic i. 25 The algebraist easily recalls to mind a few brief formulas. b. Chemistry. An expression of the constituents of a compound by means of symbols and figures. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > [noun] > compounds > formula as expression of compound constituents chemical formula1814 formula1846 1846 G. E. Day tr. J. F. Simon Animal Chem. II. 480 If..the formulæ for the morbid deposits are calculated in relation to C48, their connexion with the formula for protein will be more obvious to the eye. 1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 266 So that MR is the general formula for a mono~basic salt. 1881 A. W. Williamson in Nature No. 618. 414 Thus chloro-carbonic acid was represented as a compound of carbonic acid with carbonic chloride, and..the formula was made to contain the formulæ of those bodies. c. In general scientific use, a group of symbols and figures containing a condensed tabulation of certain facts. dental formula: see dental adj. 1a. Hence sometimes used for the set of facts that might be expressed by a formula. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > experiments > [noun] > scientific method > of representation formula1855 structural formula1868 structure formula1877 1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. iv. 267 Each species of animal has its particular formula of ordering the legs in walking. 4. Motor Racing. The class or specification of a racing car, usually expressed in terms of engine capacity. Also attributive. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > racing with vehicles > motor racing > [noun] > racing car > class of formula1927 altered1962 1927 Autocar 20 May 850/2 Half an hour later we knew for certain that we had won the race on formula. 1939 Motor Sport June 181/1 Last year..Indianapolis was run under the Grand Prix formula laid down by the A.I.A.C.R., specifying engine limits of 3-litres supercharged and 4½-litres unsupercharged. 1958 Times 31 Oct. 15/4 There is little doubt that the new Grand Prix formula recommended by the C.S.I. will be accepted by the F.I.A. at their next meeting. 1965 Listener 3 June 841/1 This was the weekend of the Monaco Grand Prix, when the faded Edwardian pensions seemed stunned and shaken by the noise of Formula One racing engines. Draft additions March 2007 Originally U.S. A drink given to infants as an alternative to breast milk, typically based on cow's milk or soya and now usually sold as a powder to be reconstituted with water. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food otherwise characterized > [noun] > mother's milk > substitute for baby milk1864 formula1901 infant formula1911 1901 Harper's Bazar 9 Mar. 658/2 [The milk] is brought to me warm directly from the cow when I am ready to prepare the child's food. Is it really necessary to cool it before making up the formula? 1933 H. Washburn So you're going to have Baby v. 83 You will learn to mix the formula as rapidly as possible before the nine or ten o'clock morning feeding. 1981 Sci. Amer. Aug. 52/1 The code..limits the advertising of formula as a substitute for breast-feeding. 1996 New Idea June 76/3 Formula will always be available and generations of little Aussies have been raised on it and are doing quite nicely. Draft additions January 2018Compounds formula-fed adj. (of an infant or small child) fed using infant formula (as opposed to breast milk). ΚΠ 1922 Lowell (Mass.) Sun 13 June 7/2 Breast fed babies... Formula fed babies. 1986 Toronto Star (Nexis) 29 Nov. m9 A formula fed youngster could ingest 100 times the fluoride of her breast-fed counterpart. 2010 W. Trevathan Anc. Bodies, Mod. Lives vii. 126 Recognizing the problem with comparing breastfed babies to growth charts based on formula-fed infants, the World Health Organization constructed a new chart. Draft additions January 2018 formula feeding n. the action or practice of feeding an infant or small child with formula ( Additions) (as opposed to breast milk); an instance of this. ΚΠ 1908 Western Med. Rev. 15 May 283 The importance of breast feeding is emphasized... Some of the errors of formula feeding are pointed out. 1969 Sacramento (Calif.) Observer 17 Apr. 35 Formula feeding today is among the easier tasks for mother because of ready-to-use formulas, and consequently she has more time for herself and her baby. 2015 L. DeSouza Eat, pray, Sleep vii. 91 Formula takes longer to digest, so your baby might last up to an hour longer after a formula feeding. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1638 |
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