† forstandforestandv.1
Obsolete.
1. transitive. To oppose, withstand; to bar.In quot. 1599 perhaps = ‘neglect’ (cf. forsit v., or read foreslow'd).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > front > be in front of [verb (transitive)]
forstanda1000
front1591
prologue1762
antecede1822
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hinder [verb (transitive)]
letc888
shrenchc897
forstanda1000
amarOE
disturbc1290
impeachc1380
stopc1380
withstandc1385
hinder1413
accloy1422
hindc1426
to hold abackc1440
appeachc1460
impeditec1535
inhibit1535
obstacle1538
damp1548
trip1548
embarrass1578
dam1582
to clip the wings ofa1593
unhelp1598
uppen1600
straiten1607
rub1608
impediment1610
impedea1616
to put out1616
to put off1631
scote1642
obstruct1645
incommodiate1650
offend1651
sufflaminate1656
hindrance1664
disassist1671
clog1679
muzzle1706
squeeze1804
to take the wind out of the sails of1822
throttle1825
block1844
overslaugh1853
snag1863
gum1901
slow-walk1965
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > resist
withstandc888
withsake971
forstanda1000
to stand again ——OE
withsetc1000
again-standOE
to stand againOE
warnc1175
wiþerhaldec1175
atstandc1220
astand1250
withsitc1300
sitc1325
asitc1330
(it) may well withc1395
reversea1400
resist1417
ofstandc1425
onstandc1425
gainstand?c1450
endure1470
obsista1475
repugna1513
recountera1525
occur1531
desist1548
impugn1577
obstrigillate1623
counter-stand1648
stem1675
repique1687
to make face to1807
to fight off1833
to stick up1838
bay1848
withstay1854
buck1857
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)]
withgo743
to go again ——OE
withsayc1175
again-goc1275
withsitc1300
thwarta1325
to go against ——a1382
counter1382
repugnc1384
adversea1393
craba1400
gainsaya1400
movec1400
overthwart?a1425
to put (also set) one's face againsta1425
traversea1425
contrairc1425
to take again ——c1425
contraryc1430
to take against ——a1450
opposec1485
again-seta1500
gain?a1500
oppone1500
transverse1532
to come up against1535
heave at1546
to be against1549
encounter1549
to set shoulder against1551
to fly in the face of1553
crossc1555
to cross with1590
countermand1592
forstand1599
opposit1600
thorter1608
obviate1609
disputea1616
obstrigillate1623
contradict1632
avert1635
to set one's hand against1635
top1641
militate1642
to come across ——1653
contrariate1656
to cross upon (or on)1661
shock1667
clash1685
rencounter1689
obtend1697
counteract1708
oppugnate1749
retroact?1761
controvert1782
react1795
to set against ——1859
appose-
a1000 Boeth. Metr. i. 44 Ne meahte þa seo wea laf wige forstandan.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10059 Arður wende his speres ord and for-stod heom þene uord.
1599 Life Sir T. More in C. Wordsworth Eccl. Biog. (1853) II. 58 He fore-stood nothing for the happie expedition of the same.
1892 S. A. Brooke Hist. Early Eng. Lit. ii. xxv. 264 A mighty angel there forstood them.]
2. = understand v. [Compare German verstehen.]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > understand [verb (transitive)]
yknoweOE
acknowOE
anyeteOE
latchc1000
undernimc1000
understandc1000
underyetec1000
afindOE
knowOE
seeOE
onfangc1175
takec1175
underfindc1200
underfonga1300
undertakea1300
kenc1330
gripea1340
comprehend1340
comprendc1374
espyc1374
perceivea1387
to take for ——?1387
catcha1398
conceivea1398
intenda1400
overtakea1400
tenda1400
havec1405
henta1450
comprise1477
skilla1500
brook1548
apprend1567
compass1576
perstanda1577
endue1590
sound1592
engrasp1593
in1603
fathom1611
resent1614
receivea1616
to take up1617
apprehend1631
to take in1646
grasp1680
understumblec1681
forstand1682
savvy1686
overstand1699
uptake1726
nouse1779
twig1815
undercumstand1824
absorb1840
sense1844
undercumstumble1854
seize1855
intelligize1865
dig1935
read1956
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. v. §3 Uneaþe ic mæg forstandan þine acsunga.
1682 ‘T. Rationalis’ New News from Bedlam 47 How the..Papists will approve of it, we cannot forestand.
1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 145 A cripple I'm not, ye forsta me.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online June 2019).
† forstandv.2
Obsolete.
transitive. To stand up for, defend, represent.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > [verb (transitive)] > represent
represent1550
forstand1642
personate1651
a1000 Laws Ine lxii, in B. Thorpe Anc. Laws Eng. (1840) I. 142 Gif hine..nelle forstandan.]
1642 Vindic. Parl. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) V. 277 The members of the parliament are chosen by us, and forstand us.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online June 2019).
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