fremdadj.

/frɛmd/

Forms: Old English fræmde, frem(e)de, Northumbrian fremþe, Middle English–1500s fremde, Middle English fræmde, Orm. fremmde, freomede, southern vreomede, Middle English frem(m)ed(e, (Middle English fremned, frimmed), Middle English fremyd, Middle English–1800s Scottish frem(m)it, -yt, Middle English–1600s frem(m)e, (1600s fremb), Middle English–1600s frem(e)(d, fremb'd(e, 1500s frenned, 1600s, 1800s Scottish frem, (1800s fraim), 1500s, 1700s Scottish fram(m)et, (1700s fram'd, 1800s fraumit), 1800s Scottish frem't, frem(m)'d.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English fręmede , fręmde , fręmþe = Old Saxon fremithi (Dutch vreemd ), Old High German framadi , fremidi strange, wonderful (Middle High German vremede , vremde ), Gothic framaþs foreign, estranged < Old Germanic *framoþjo- , framiþjo- < *fram- : see from prep., adv., and conj.

Obsolete exc. Scottish and northern.

a. Foreign: see foreign adj. 7.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > foreign (of country or place) or situated abroad > of or relating to a foreign land

un-i-cundeeOE

althedisheOE

althedyOE

elelendisha1000

fremda1000

outlandishOE

strange1297

outenc1300

unkindc1300

outlandsc1330

foreign?1435

outland1488

peregrine1532

uncouth1533

forinsecal1539

exterior1540

extern1543

unnative1568

uplandish1586

external1587

tramontane1596

exotical1601

estranged1614

undenizened1635

extra-marine1639

outlanding1643

ultramarine1656

transmontane1727

forinsec service1728

foreigneering1806

trans-oceanic1827

vilayati1843

alienized1860

oversea1881

overwater1889

overseas1892

furrin1895

non-native1932

a1000 Laws of Ine (Schmid) §20 Gif feorcund mon, oððe fremde, butan wege geond wudu gonge.

c1386 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 421 A faukoun peregryn than semed sche Of fremde lond.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 4 Ambassadouris thay directe to framit natiounis quha war thair special freinds.

c1828 King's Dochter Lady Jean (Motherwell) in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1884) I. ii. 450/2 I wish I had died on some frem isle, And never had come hame!

1858 M. Oliphant Laird of Norlaw I. 299 ‘Dinna bring me a daughter of that land to vex me as the fremd woman vexed Rebecca.’

1864 T. Clarke Westmorland Dial. in Kendal Mercury 30 Jan. It mappm mud lead me inta sum fremm'd cuntry.

b. = foreign adj. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > relevance or pertinence > [adjective] > irrelevant

foreigna1393

unpertinentc1400

impertinentc1450

peregrine1532

far-fet1533

exorbitant1534

unrelevant1558

stravagant1565

fremd1581

unappliable1588

misapplied1596

immaterial1598

far-fetched1607

misdevoted1623

unappertaining1645

irrelativea1657

inapposite1661

unconcerned1683

scandalous1750

uncentral1782

irrelevant1786

tangent1787

inappertinent1814

unappropriate1818

tangential1867

1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xli. 245 I maye not at this time prosecute this position, as to fremd for this place.

a. Strange, unknown, unfamiliar. Also elliptical or absol. quasi-n. the fremd: strangers. Of an incident: Remarkable, surprising.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > that which is unknown > [adjective]

uncouthc897

neweOE

fremdc950

unknownOE

unseena1200

unketha1275

unkedc1275

strange13..

disguisyc1330

unknowedc1380

aliena1382

unhearda1382

unkenneda1400

ranishc1400

ignorant?a1475

unwittenc1485

unbekend1513

unacquainted1551

unkent1579

unwitted1582

unfamiliar1593

unsounded1594

incognite1609

ignote1623

in the urn1658

unfathomed1659

unexperienced1698

unknown-of1700

undiscovered1707

inaudite1708

darka1727

unascertained1751

unwist1757

unknownst1805

unbeknown1824

unbeknownst1848

unsampled1890

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adjective] > that is a stranger or outsider

uncouthc893

outcomeeOE

fremdc950

althedyOE

foreigna1325

aliena1382

barbarous1542

barbarianc1550

stranger1593

extraneous1656

outside1826

barbaric1849

extern1866

offcomed1879

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider

fremdc950

guestc950

althedyOE

allophyleOE

uncoutha1250

strangea1325

alienc1384

barbarc1384

barbarync1384

strangerc1385

barbaric1388

foreigna1399

outland?a1400

farandman14..

out-comelingc1400

foreigner1422

alienar1473

alienate1497

estrangec1503

new face?a1513

barbarianc1550

fremman1568

frenne1579

estranger1586

inmatea1600

outlier1606

outcomer1607

externc1610

exoteric1697

outner1721

outsider1800

unco1800

inconnu1807

outrigger1850

offcome1859

ringer1896

offcomer1898

shenzi1910

out-grouper1938

outworlder1948

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [adjective] > strange > so as to excite wonder or surprise

selcouthc888

strangec1374

fremdc1385

particular1712

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. John x. 5 Forðon ne cuðon stefn ðara fremðe.

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 46 His deore deciples..bileueden him alle one ase ureomede.

a1300 Cursor Mundi 28292 Priuetis o fremyd and frende I haue discouerd.

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Dido. 1046 That nevere yit was so fremde a cas.

14.. in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 249 Euery man, boþe fremyd & kouth, Xul comyn with-outyn ly.

1535 in J. Raine Depositions Courts Durham (1845) 52 Let her take 2 fremde menne, or frendes, and I other 2.

1568 in J. Small Poems W. Dunbar (1893) II. 307 The fremmit thairof thair baggis can fill.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) i. sig. H4 Cowards..With sight of feare from frends to fremb'd do flie.

1863 E. C. Gaskell Sylvia's Lovers (1874) 184 ‘There's a fremd man i' t' house, I heerd his voice!’

1871 W. Alexander Johnny Gibb xxxv. 248 Mary Howie needin' to gae awa' to the frem't.

b. Wild, opposed to tame.

ΚΠ

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 480 (529) Al this world is blynd In this matere, bothe fremed and tame.

a. Like a stranger, estranged, unfriendly. Of the bearing, voice, etc.: Strange, forced, unnatural. Const. in Old English with dative, with, till.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [adjective]

witherwardc888

unholdc900

fremda1000

foeOE

hatelyOE

onwardOE

fiendlyc1050

witherc1175

unbaina1300

quedec1300

wrong1340

aliena1382

enemiablea1382

enemyfula1382

enemyc1384

ingrate1393

unfriendly1425

undisposed1456

oppugnanta1513

infest1513

enemious?1529

cold1557

enemylike1561

enemyly1573

ingratefulc1575

opposed1584

misliking1586

infestuous1593

infensive1596

infestious1597

affrontous1598

foe-hearted1598

ill-affecteda1599

inimicous1598

friendless?1611

haggardly1635

infensea1641

inimicitious1641

inimicitial1656

inimical1678

inamicable1683

indisposed1702

uneasy1725

hostile1791

adversarial1839

chilly1841

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adjective] > that is a stranger or outsider > like a stranger

fremda1000

a1000 Solomon & Saturn 68 Fracoð he bið ðonne and fremede frean ælmihtigum.

a1240 Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 200 Woa is me þet ich am so freomede wið þe.

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 199 (248) Lat be to me your fremde maner speche.

?a1400 Morte Arth. 3343 I hafe bene frendely, freke, and fremmede tille other.

1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 191 On syde scho lukit wyth ane fremyt fare.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. sig. N6 And makes them fremb'd, who frends by nature are.

1636 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. 178 He looked fremed and unco-like upon me when I came first here.

a1651 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) II. 280 The Erle of Murrey was so frem to Mr. Knox, that [etc.].

1789 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 481 Mony a friend that kiss'd his caup, Is now a fremit wight.

1858 J. Brown Rab in Horæ Subsecivæ 1st Ser. 310 Rab called rapidly and in a ‘fremyt’ voice.

Proverb.1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 72 Better my friend think me framet, than fashious.1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward I. vi. 124 Better kind fremit, than fremit kindred.

b. Adverse, unpropitious, hostile.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > [adjective] > unfavourable

contrariousc1320

bada1325

contraryinga1340

adversea1393

frowarda1400

contrairc1400

fremd1423

adversant?a1425

sinister1432

perversea1450

undisposed1456

sinistral?a1475

contrary1477

favourless1509

unfriendlya1513

thwarting1530

wayward?1544

contrariant1548

disfavourable1561

cross1565

unindifferent1565

sinistrous1566

haggard1578

unkindly1579

backward1582

awkward1587

improsperous1598

thwart1610

unpropitious1613

averted1619

untoward1621

averse1623

impropitious1638

sinister1726

unfavourable1748

untowardly1756

unfavouring1835

1423 Kingis Quair xxiv So infortunate was we that fremyt day.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. i. 58 Scho thame for~drivis..by fremmit weird full mony ȝeris tharbye.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 323 Sayand the Britis fremit war and fals.

4. Not related, of another family or house; opposed to sib or kin. Often elliptical or absol.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [adjective] > not related

fremda1200

strange1338

remote1607

foreign1609

unrelated1657

a1200 Moral Ode 34 Sone wule hine forȝeten þe fremede and þe sibbe.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 140 Namare þenne þu waldest beten anfreomede child þach hit agulte.

c1340 R. Rolle Prose Treat. (1866) 8 Many..neuer haue halde þe ordyre of lufe ynesche þaire frendys sibbe or ffremede.

c1460 How Goode Wif thaught Doughter 17 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 181 Make thou none iangelynge withe fremed ne withe sibbe.

?1518 A. Barclay tr. D. Mancinus Myrrour Good Maners sig. Bvi For thy frende, folke, and seruauntes to prouyde.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 627 I make of a frenned chylde my sonne by the lawe. Je adopte.

1550 M. Coverdale tr. O. Werdmueller Spyrytuall & Precyouse Pearle xvi. sig. Giiij Those children that are nursed, by frembd mennes fyres.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Affiliation, adoption, or the conferring on fremme children all aduantages belonging to naturall ones.

1862 A. Hislop Prov. Scotl. 143 Mak friends o' fremit folk.

Derivatives

ˈfremdly adv. strangely, like a stranger; unkindly.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adverb] > outside a body or community > as or like a stranger

fremdlyc1400

stranger-wise1616

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 714 Fer floten fro his frendeȝ fremedly he rydeȝ.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 3 Fra all the Scottis prescribit war ilkone..So fremmitlie in mony sindrie land.

1569–70 Knox Let. to Cecil 2 Jan. in P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. (1864) III. 318 I have been fremedly handled.

1807 J. Stagg Misc. Poems (new ed.) 49 The hand of fate unkeynde Has us'd us fremtly.

ˈfremdness n. strangeness, coldness; also personified.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [noun] > lack of affability

strangenessc1386

unhomelinessc1440

fremdnessa1500

coldness1557

coolnessa1586

self-guarda1586

diskindness1596

formality1599

reservedness1606

inaffability1611

restrainta1616

unconess1637

chillness1639

froideur1645

distance1660

starchedness1670

buckram1682

starchness?1693

starch1694

reserve1711

stiffness1717

unapproachableness1727

retirement1803

angularity1824

standoffishness1826

distancy1836

chill1837

starchiness1844

unapproachability1846

hedgehogginess1858

standoff1865

offishness1867

aloofness1878

pokerishness1880

untouchableness1909

untouchability1919

stuffiness1926

a1500 Lancelot of laik 1508 [They] haith no thonk bot fremmytness of the.

1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus iii. f. 36 The Iustice Clerk, was callit Fremmitnes.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	fremd
释义	fremdadj. /frɛmd/ Forms: Old English fræmde, frem(e)de, Northumbrian fremþe, Middle English–1500s fremde, Middle English fræmde, Orm. fremmde, freomede, southern vreomede, Middle English frem(m)ed(e, (Middle English fremned, frimmed), Middle English fremyd, Middle English–1800s Scottish frem(m)it, -yt, Middle English–1600s frem(m)e, (1600s fremb), Middle English–1600s frem(e)(d, fremb'd(e, 1500s frenned, 1600s, 1800s Scottish frem, (1800s fraim), 1500s, 1700s Scottish fram(m)et, (1700s fram'd, 1800s fraumit), 1800s Scottish frem't, frem(m)'d. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English fręmede , fręmde , fręmþe = Old Saxon fremithi (Dutch vreemd ), Old High German framadi , fremidi strange, wonderful (Middle High German vremede , vremde ), Gothic framaþs foreign, estranged < Old Germanic framoþjo- , framiþjo-* < fram- : see from prep., adv., and conj. Obsolete* exc. Scottish and northern. 1. a. Foreign: see foreign adj. 7. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > foreign (of country or place) or situated abroad > of or relating to a foreign land un-i-cundeeOE althedisheOE althedyOE elelendisha1000 fremda1000 outlandishOE strange1297 outenc1300 unkindc1300 outlandsc1330 foreign?1435 outland1488 peregrine1532 uncouth1533 forinsecal1539 exterior1540 extern1543 unnative1568 uplandish1586 external1587 tramontane1596 exotical1601 estranged1614 undenizened1635 extra-marine1639 outlanding1643 ultramarine1656 transmontane1727 forinsec service1728 foreigneering1806 trans-oceanic1827 vilayati1843 alienized1860 oversea1881 overwater1889 overseas1892 furrin1895 non-native1932 a1000 Laws of Ine (Schmid) §20 Gif feorcund mon, oððe fremde, butan wege geond wudu gonge. c1386 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 421 A faukoun peregryn than semed sche Of fremde lond. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 4 Ambassadouris thay directe to framit natiounis quha war thair special freinds. c1828 King's Dochter Lady Jean (Motherwell) in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1884) I. ii. 450/2 I wish I had died on some frem isle, And never had come hame! 1858 M. Oliphant Laird of Norlaw I. 299 ‘Dinna bring me a daughter of that land to vex me as the fremd woman vexed Rebecca.’ 1864 T. Clarke Westmorland Dial. in Kendal Mercury 30 Jan. It mappm mud lead me inta sum fremm'd cuntry. b. = foreign adj. 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > relevance or pertinence > [adjective] > irrelevant foreigna1393 unpertinentc1400 impertinentc1450 peregrine1532 far-fet1533 exorbitant1534 unrelevant1558 stravagant1565 fremd1581 unappliable1588 misapplied1596 immaterial1598 far-fetched1607 misdevoted1623 unappertaining1645 irrelativea1657 inapposite1661 unconcerned1683 scandalous1750 uncentral1782 irrelevant1786 tangent1787 inappertinent1814 unappropriate1818 tangential1867 1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xli. 245 I maye not at this time prosecute this position, as to fremd for this place. 2. a. Strange, unknown, unfamiliar. Also elliptical or absol. quasi-n. the fremd: strangers. Of an incident: Remarkable, surprising. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > that which is unknown > [adjective] uncouthc897 neweOE fremdc950 unknownOE unseena1200 unketha1275 unkedc1275 strange13.. disguisyc1330 unknowedc1380 aliena1382 unhearda1382 unkenneda1400 ranishc1400 ignorant?a1475 unwittenc1485 unbekend1513 unacquainted1551 unkent1579 unwitted1582 unfamiliar1593 unsounded1594 incognite1609 ignote1623 in the urn1658 unfathomed1659 unexperienced1698 unknown-of1700 undiscovered1707 inaudite1708 darka1727 unascertained1751 unwist1757 unknownst1805 unbeknown1824 unbeknownst1848 unsampled1890 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adjective] > that is a stranger or outsider uncouthc893 outcomeeOE fremdc950 althedyOE foreigna1325 aliena1382 barbarous1542 barbarianc1550 stranger1593 extraneous1656 outside1826 barbaric1849 extern1866 offcomed1879 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider fremdc950 guestc950 althedyOE allophyleOE uncoutha1250 strangea1325 alienc1384 barbarc1384 barbarync1384 strangerc1385 barbaric1388 foreigna1399 outland?a1400 farandman14.. out-comelingc1400 foreigner1422 alienar1473 alienate1497 estrangec1503 new face?a1513 barbarianc1550 fremman1568 frenne1579 estranger1586 inmatea1600 outlier1606 outcomer1607 externc1610 exoteric1697 outner1721 outsider1800 unco1800 inconnu1807 outrigger1850 offcome1859 ringer1896 offcomer1898 shenzi1910 out-grouper1938 outworlder1948 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [adjective] > strange > so as to excite wonder or surprise selcouthc888 strangec1374 fremdc1385 particular1712 c950 Lindisf. Gosp. John x. 5 Forðon ne cuðon stefn ðara fremðe. a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 46 His deore deciples..bileueden him alle one ase ureomede. a1300 Cursor Mundi 28292 Priuetis o fremyd and frende I haue discouerd. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Dido. 1046 That nevere yit was so fremde a cas. 14.. in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 249 Euery man, boþe fremyd & kouth, Xul comyn with-outyn ly. 1535 in J. Raine Depositions Courts Durham (1845) 52 Let her take 2 fremde menne, or frendes, and I other 2. 1568 in J. Small Poems W. Dunbar (1893) II. 307 The fremmit thairof thair baggis can fill. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) i. sig. H4 Cowards..With sight of feare from frends to fremb'd do flie. 1863 E. C. Gaskell Sylvia's Lovers (1874) 184 ‘There's a fremd man i' t' house, I heerd his voice!’ 1871 W. Alexander Johnny Gibb xxxv. 248 Mary Howie needin' to gae awa' to the frem't. b. Wild, opposed to tame. ΚΠ c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 480 (529) Al this world is blynd In this matere, bothe fremed and tame. 3. a. Like a stranger, estranged, unfriendly. Of the bearing, voice, etc.: Strange, forced, unnatural. Const. in Old English with dative, with, till. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [adjective] witherwardc888 unholdc900 fremda1000 foeOE hatelyOE onwardOE fiendlyc1050 witherc1175 unbaina1300 quedec1300 wrong1340 aliena1382 enemiablea1382 enemyfula1382 enemyc1384 ingrate1393 unfriendly1425 undisposed1456 oppugnanta1513 infest1513 enemious?1529 cold1557 enemylike1561 enemyly1573 ingratefulc1575 opposed1584 misliking1586 infestuous1593 infensive1596 infestious1597 affrontous1598 foe-hearted1598 ill-affecteda1599 inimicous1598 friendless?1611 haggardly1635 infensea1641 inimicitious1641 inimicitial1656 inimical1678 inamicable1683 indisposed1702 uneasy1725 hostile1791 adversarial1839 chilly1841 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adjective] > that is a stranger or outsider > like a stranger fremda1000 a1000 Solomon & Saturn 68 Fracoð he bið ðonne and fremede frean ælmihtigum. a1240 Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 200 Woa is me þet ich am so freomede wið þe. c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 199 (248) Lat be to me your fremde maner speche. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 3343 I hafe bene frendely, freke, and fremmede tille other. 1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 191 On syde scho lukit wyth ane fremyt fare. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. sig. N6 And makes them fremb'd, who frends by nature are. 1636 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. 178 He looked fremed and unco-like upon me when I came first here. a1651 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) II. 280 The Erle of Murrey was so frem to Mr. Knox, that [etc.]. 1789 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 481 Mony a friend that kiss'd his caup, Is now a fremit wight. 1858 J. Brown Rab in Horæ Subsecivæ 1st Ser. 310 Rab called rapidly and in a ‘fremyt’ voice. Proverb.1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 72 Better my friend think me framet, than fashious.1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward I. vi. 124 Better kind fremit, than fremit kindred. b. Adverse, unpropitious, hostile. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > [adjective] > unfavourable contrariousc1320 bada1325 contraryinga1340 adversea1393 frowarda1400 contrairc1400 fremd1423 adversant?a1425 sinister1432 perversea1450 undisposed1456 sinistral?a1475 contrary1477 favourless1509 unfriendlya1513 thwarting1530 wayward?1544 contrariant1548 disfavourable1561 cross1565 unindifferent1565 sinistrous1566 haggard1578 unkindly1579 backward1582 awkward1587 improsperous1598 thwart1610 unpropitious1613 averted1619 untoward1621 averse1623 impropitious1638 sinister1726 unfavourable1748 untowardly1756 unfavouring1835 1423 Kingis Quair xxiv So infortunate was we that fremyt day. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. i. 58 Scho thame for~drivis..by fremmit weird full mony ȝeris tharbye. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 323 Sayand the Britis fremit war and fals. 4. Not related, of another family or house; opposed to sib or kin. Often elliptical or absol. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [adjective] > not related fremda1200 strange1338 remote1607 foreign1609 unrelated1657 a1200 Moral Ode 34 Sone wule hine forȝeten þe fremede and þe sibbe. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 140 Namare þenne þu waldest beten anfreomede child þach hit agulte. c1340 R. Rolle Prose Treat. (1866) 8 Many..neuer haue halde þe ordyre of lufe ynesche þaire frendys sibbe or ffremede. c1460 How Goode Wif thaught Doughter 17 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 181 Make thou none iangelynge withe fremed ne withe sibbe. ?1518 A. Barclay tr. D. Mancinus Myrrour Good Maners sig. Bvi For thy frende, folke, and seruauntes to prouyde. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 627 I make of a frenned chylde my sonne by the lawe. Je adopte. 1550 M. Coverdale tr. O. Werdmueller Spyrytuall & Precyouse Pearle xvi. sig. Giiij Those children that are nursed, by frembd mennes fyres. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Affiliation, adoption, or the conferring on fremme children all aduantages belonging to naturall ones. 1862 A. Hislop Prov. Scotl. 143 Mak friends o' fremit folk. Derivatives ˈfremdly adv. strangely, like a stranger; unkindly. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adverb] > outside a body or community > as or like a stranger fremdlyc1400 stranger-wise1616 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 714 Fer floten fro his frendeȝ fremedly he rydeȝ. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 3 Fra all the Scottis prescribit war ilkone..So fremmitlie in mony sindrie land. 1569–70 Knox Let. to Cecil 2 Jan. in P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. (1864) III. 318 I have been fremedly handled. 1807 J. Stagg Misc. Poems (new ed.) 49 The hand of fate unkeynde Has us'd us fremtly. ˈfremdness n. strangeness, coldness; also personified. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [noun] > lack of affability strangenessc1386 unhomelinessc1440 fremdnessa1500 coldness1557 coolnessa1586 self-guarda1586 diskindness1596 formality1599 reservedness1606 inaffability1611 restrainta1616 unconess1637 chillness1639 froideur1645 distance1660 starchedness1670 buckram1682 starchness?1693 starch1694 reserve1711 stiffness1717 unapproachableness1727 retirement1803 angularity1824 standoffishness1826 distancy1836 chill1837 starchiness1844 unapproachability1846 hedgehogginess1858 standoff1865 offishness1867 aloofness1878 pokerishness1880 untouchableness1909 untouchability1919 stuffiness1926 a1500 Lancelot of laik 1508 [They] haith no thonk bot fremmytness of the. 1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus iii. f. 36 The Iustice Clerk, was callit Fremmitnes. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.c950
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