fullern.¹

Brit.

/ˈfʊlə/, U.S.

/ˈfʊlər/

Forms: Old English–Middle English fullere, early Middle English follare, Middle English foller, Middle English uollere, Middle English–1500s fullar, Middle English– fuller, 1500s fullor, 1500s furler, 1600s fullner; also Scottish pre-1700 fullare.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin fullō; French fuller, fullour.

Etymology: Originally (i) < classical Latin fullō (of unknown origin), with alteration after nouns in -er suffix¹; subsequently reinforced by (ii) Anglo-Norman fuller, fullere, variants of fulor, fullour, fulour, fulur, etc. (13th cent. or earlier; compare Middle French, French fouleur (1265 in Old French); < fuler , fuller full v.² + -er -er suffix²). Compare Middle Dutch voller , vuller (Dutch voller ), Middle Low German vuller ). Compare later full v.²Compare Old English fulwa fuller (one isolated attestation), apparently representing an independent (and perhaps earlier) borrowing of classical Latin fullō . Compare also waulker n. Early surname evidence. Also attested early as a surname; compare e.g. Reginald fullere (1221), Edwardi fullere (1222), and also Roger Folur (1219), Henr. le Folur (1255), Roberto le Folour (1297). While the latter type reflects currency of the Anglo-Norman word, it is unclear whether specific early instances of the surname in -er are to be taken as reflecting currency of the Middle English word or of the partially homophonous Anglo-Norman word. Notes on specific forms. It is unclear whether the form furler (apparently only attested in quot. 1523 at fuller's earth n. 1) merely shows a misprint for fuller . In form fullner probably after agent nouns formed on bases ending in n , e.g. gardener n., milliner n.; compare similarly formed nakerner at nakerer n. Forms, ploomner at plumber n. Forms, and raunsumner at ransomer n. Forms.

A person whose occupation is fulling cloth. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > fulling > one who

waulkereOE

fullerOE

waulkster1355

tucker1388

cloth-thicker?1518

thicker1520

waulk miller1753

plash-miller1822

OE Will of Æðelgifu (Sawyer 1497) in D. Whitelock Will of Æthelgifu (1968) 9 Freoge man Ufic & þone fullere.

OE West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) ix. 3 His reaf wurdon glitiniende swa hwite swa snaw, swa nan fullere [L. fullo] ofer eorðan ne mæg swa hwite gedon.

c1300 St. James Less (Laud) 53 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 366 Mid one follares preche þat men tesieth opon cloth.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 167 Mochel is defouled mid þe uet of uolleres þe robe of scarlet erþan þet þe kuen his do an.

1449 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Feb. 1449 §20. m. 6 Clothmakers, that is to wite, men wevers, fullers, diers.

1482 in J. P. Collier Househ. Bks. John Duke of Norfolk & Thomas Earl of Surrey (1844) 320 [The] fuller..shall dresse..vij. brode clothes; that is to say reyse, skore them, barbe them.

1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca Lanaria, an herbe whiche fullers do vse, whan they scoure clothes.

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. D7^v Compounding with the Fuller to thicke it [sc. wool] very much.

1645 Bp. J. Hall Remedy Discontentm. xix. 118 The Fuller treads upon that cloth which he means to whiten.

1697 J. Williams Proposals Million-fund 6 Fullers scarce get 2 d. per piece by some of these Goods.

1764 R. Burn Hist. Poor Laws 156 Three weavers..six spinners, one fuller and burler.

1797 W. Johnston tr. J. Beckmann Hist. Inventions & Discov. III. 266 The fullers received the cloth as it came from the loom, in order that it might be scoured, walked, and smoothed.

1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. iv. 103 There are twelve clergymen..six fullers and six girdlers.

1905 Fibre & Fabric 21 Jan. 565/3 (heading) A new disease in Germany. Dyers and fullers affected with eczema.

1965 E. Tunis Colonial Craftsmen ii. 36/1 Fullers sometimes cleaned clothing as a side line.

2015 M. Bradley in Smell & Anc. Senses ix. 140 Being a fuller, or counting a fuller among your ancestors, was a classic slur [in ancient Rome].

Compounds

In the genitive, forming names of materials and plants used in the process of fulling.See also fuller's earth n.

fuller's clay n. = fuller's earth n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > stratum by constitution > fuller's earth

fuller's eartha1350

walker's claya1398

fuller's clay1581

cledge1724

wall-earth1724

walker's soap1839

fuller's eartha1350

fulling eartha1399

walker's earth1403

fuller's clay1581

fulling clay1647

scouring clay1660

scouring earth1661

1581 R. Norman Newe Attractiue 2 There is an other sort that is white and light, like vnto a peece of drie Fullers claie.

1784 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations (ed. 3) II. iv. viii. 505 The exportation of fuller's earth, or fuller's clay.

1920 Fur News Dec. 48/3 Corn meal or some other absorbent, such as Fuller's clay, should always be used.

2006 J. Goody Theft of Hist. i. iii. 89 Prato..was especially suitable as a place for finishing wool because of the availability of fuller's clay in the area.

fuller's grass n. now historical and rare soapwort, Saponaria officinalis, used by fullers to wash cloth. [Compare post-classical Latin herba fullonia (see fuller's weed n.), herba fullonum (see fuller's herb n.).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Caryophyllaceae (chickweeds and allies) > [noun] > soapwort

boritha1382

crowsoapa1400

saponera1400

foam-dockc1500

fuller's grass1526

saponary1526

scour-wort1548

soapwort1548

mock gillyflower1578

soapwort gentian1578

struthion1587

soap-weed1607

gill-run-by-the-street1640

candify1727

saponaria1865

bouncing-Bet1884

1526 Grete Herball ccclxxxiiij. sig. X.iii/2 It [sc. Saponaria] is called saponary, fullers grasse, buryt, and crowsope.

1645 G. Gillespie Serm. preached before House of Lords 4 The Fullers grasse, or the Fullers herb.

2009 M. Olmert Kitchens, Smokehouses, & Privies ii. 64 They also made soap from the roots of Fuller's grass (Saponaria officinalis) and used Fuller's teasel..to rough up the fibers.

fuller's herb n. now chiefly historical (a) [after post-classical Latin herba fullonum (Vulgate)] soapwort, Saponaria officinalis; (b) = fuller's teasel n.

ΚΠ

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mal. iii. 2 He [shall be]..as the erbe of fullers [L. herba fullonum].]

1593 W. Rainolds Treat. Holy Sacrifice & Sacrament 267 If thow wash thy selfe with nitre, and multiplie the herbe Borith, or..the fullers herbe, yet thow art stil vncleane.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 262 The Fullers herb in wine honied.

1844 C. Richardson New Dict. Eng. Lang. (ed. 2) 788/1 Fullers' Herb: so called, because used by fullers in teasing wool.

1970 A. Leighton Early Amer. Gardens (Appendix) 404 Teasel... Fuller's herb.

2011 K. Coyne & E. Knutzen Making It 18 Soapwort (Saponaria officinalis), also known as bouncing bet, fuller's herb, or sweet Betty, is a pretty, sweet-smelling, flowering perennial herb.

fuller's teasel n. any teasel used for carding wool and raising the nap on woven cloth, esp. Dipsacus sativus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Dipsacaceae (teasel and allies) > [noun]

teasela1300

wokethistlea1400

fuller's teasel?c1425

fawthistle1483

Venus's basin1551

card thistle1578

Venus's bath1578

fuller's weed1587

fuller's herb1593

fuller's thistle1601

fuller's thorn1601

Venus' laver1601

shepherd's rod1633

shepherd's staff1760

manweed1829

Venus's cup1855

?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 319 Carsof (i. fullers tasel) is hote in þe secounde degre.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iv. lx. 522 This kinde of Thistel is called..Fullers Teasel.

1720 E. R. Experienc'd Farrier (ed. 4) 250 Take a Worm, which you shall find in a Fuller's Teasel.

1830 T. Nuttall Introd. Systematic & Physiol. Bot. (ed. 2) xiv. 52 The Fuller's Teasel..is a plant extensively cultivated for the purpose of dressing woollen cloth.

1912 Everybody's Cycl. IV. (at Teasel) The only valuable species of the order is fuller's teasel.

2010 R. Mabey Weeds i. 3 One might see growing wild together nowhere else in Britain except these abandoned places: cumin, feral gourds, fuller's teasel.

fuller's thistle n. = fuller's teasel n. [Originally after classical Latin spīna fullōnia (see fuller's thorn n.); in later use after post-classical Latin cardo fullonum (1517 or earlier), carduus fullonius (1546 or earlier).]

ΚΠ

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xvi. xliv. 496 The like is to be said of Hippopheston, which groweth upon the Fullers thorne or thystle [L. quod vero in spina fullonia hippophaeston]: it beareth certaine little heads and hollow knobs.., small leaves, and a white root.

1605 J. Mosan tr. C. Wirsung Gen. Pract. Physick sig. Iii Carduus Fullonius, Dipsacus, Fullers Thistle.

1741 J. Ozell tr. J. Pitton de Tournefort Voy. Levant (new ed.) III. 87 All these parts sustains Tops like those of the Fuller's Thistle [Fr. Chardon à Bonnetier], two inches and a half long, and one and a half diameter.

1831 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. (ed. 2) 918 The fuller's thistle is an herbaceous biennial, growing from four to six feet high.

1911 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 60 128/2 The teasel—fuller's weed, or fuller's thistle, as it is sometimes called—is still cultivated in France.

2001 W. W. Weaver Sauer's Herbal Cures 145 Many botanists now believe that the fuller's thistle is simply a variety of Dipsacus sylvestris, since the distinctively crooked spines disappear on fuller's thistle if it reverts to the wild state.

† fuller's thorn n. [after classical Latin spīna fullōnia (Pliny)] Obsolete rare = fuller's teasel n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Dipsacaceae (teasel and allies) > [noun]

teasela1300

wokethistlea1400

fuller's teasel?c1425

fawthistle1483

Venus's basin1551

card thistle1578

Venus's bath1578

fuller's weed1587

fuller's herb1593

fuller's thistle1601

fuller's thorn1601

Venus' laver1601

shepherd's rod1633

shepherd's staff1760

manweed1829

Venus's cup1855

1676 E. Coles Eng. Dict. Hippopheston, an herb on the Fullers thorn, good for the falling sickness.

† fuller's weed n. Obsolete (a) [after post-classical Latin herba fullonia (16th cent. or earlier; compare herba fullonum (see fuller's herb n.))] soapwort, Saponaria officinalis; (b) = fuller's teasel n.

ΚΠ

1587 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnius Herbal for Bible x. 56 Of the Herb Borith,..which we call Sopewort, or Fullers weede [L. herba fullonia].., bicause the iuice there-of will mundifie and scowre like Sope.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Fullers-Weed, or Fullers-thistle, an Herb.

1888 D. Milne Eng. Dict. 19/1 The teasel plant or fuller's-weed bears a large burr or flowery head, and is covered with prickly hooked awns.

1913 C. G. Herbermann et al. Catholic Encycl. XII. 151/2 St. Jerome in his Commentary on Jer., ii, 22, identifies borith with the ‘fuller's weed’, which was not used, like the Dipsacus fullonum..to dress cloth, but to wash it... The plant grew on rich, damp soil, which description applies to a species of Saponaria.

1922 A. C. Hottes Little Bk. Annuals 104 Teazle (Fuller's Weed). The Teazles of our roadsides are prickly and forbidding but nevertheless interesting when Winter comes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

fullern.²

Brit.

/ˈfʊlə/, U.S.

/ˈfʊlər/

Forms: 1700s– fuller, 1800s fullar.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: full v.¹, -er suffix¹.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps < full v.¹ + -er suffix¹, although the semantic development is unclear. Compare later fullered adj. and fuller v.

1. Engineering. A tool for making a groove in a metal surface, typically having a linear rounded end, like a blunt chisel, and used in a pair as a top fuller and bottom fuller. Also: a grooved surface on which iron can be shaped by being driven into the grooves with a hammer (rare).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > forging equipment > other forging equipment

fuller1587

burras-pipe1676

anvil1678

washer1678

porter1794

porter rod1839

top-tool1877

turn-bat1881

porter bar1887

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > shoeing of horses > [noun] > shoeing instruments

butter1370

firing iron1374

butteris1559

pritchel1568

fuller1587

drawing knife1610

draw knife1711

rennet1725

searcher1834

sate1883

buffer1902

1587 in M. A. Havinden Househ. & Farm Inventories Oxfordshire (1965) 244 Twoe flatt maundrels an axe maundrell a fuller a clifte a setting punche a horshoe prichell and a stempe.

1809 B. Clark Series of Exper. on Foot Living Horse 15 The tool used..is called a Fuller, being a sort of chissel about four inches long and two wide, flat and almost concave on one side, convex and rounded on the other, and circular below on its cutting edge; held in a rod of azle.

a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. I. 922/1 Fuller... 2. A tool having grooves and forming a die or swage into which iron is driven.

1884 R. Lawson in E. M. Lawson Nation in Parish p. xv Fullar, the tool used for making a fullaring. Dying out.

2000 W. Goddard Wonder Knifemaking vi. 99/1 An easier way to make the tang step-down is to use a spring fuller.

2. A groove made in a metal surface, esp. a horseshoe.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > forging equipment > other forging equipment > groove made by fuller

fuller1796

1796 S. Freeman Observ. Mechanism Horse's Foot 90 The fuller must be very near the edge, as in the case of a thin-footed horse.

1855 W. Miles Plain Treat. Horse-shoeing 9 The ‘fuller’ should be carried quite round the shoe to the heels, and the fullering iron should have both sides alike.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Fuller, the fluting groove of a bayonet.

1889 Daily Tel. 1 Mar. 5/8 The present pattern is too thin in the ‘fuller’.

1903 Special Rep. Dis. Horse (U.S. Dept. Agric.) (rev. ed.) 567 (caption) in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (57th Congr., 2nd Session, House of Representatives Doc. 487) XI Note the distribution of the nails, length of the fuller (crease), and the closeness of the ends of the shoe.

2012 S. E. Harris et al. U.S. Pony Club Man. Horsemanship: Intermediate Horsemanship (ed. 2) viii. 255 Fullered or creased shoe: Has a groove called a fuller or crease in which the nail holes are set.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	fuller
释义	fullern.¹ Brit. /ˈfʊlə/, U.S. /ˈfʊlər/ Forms: Old English–Middle English fullere, early Middle English follare, Middle English foller, Middle English uollere, Middle English–1500s fullar, Middle English– fuller, 1500s fullor, 1500s furler, 1600s fullner; also Scottish pre-1700 fullare. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin fullō; French fuller, fullour. Etymology: Originally (i) < classical Latin fullō (of unknown origin), with alteration after nouns in -er suffix¹; subsequently reinforced by (ii) Anglo-Norman fuller, fullere, variants of fulor, fullour, fulour, fulur, etc. (13th cent. or earlier; compare Middle French, French fouleur (1265 in Old French); < fuler , fuller full v.² + -er -er suffix²). Compare Middle Dutch voller , vuller (Dutch voller ), Middle Low German vuller ). Compare later full v.²Compare Old English fulwa fuller (one isolated attestation), apparently representing an independent (and perhaps earlier) borrowing of classical Latin fullō . Compare also waulker n. Early surname evidence. Also attested early as a surname; compare e.g. Reginald fullere (1221), Edwardi fullere (1222), and also Roger Folur (1219), Henr. le Folur (1255), Roberto le Folour (1297). While the latter type reflects currency of the Anglo-Norman word, it is unclear whether specific early instances of the surname in -er are to be taken as reflecting currency of the Middle English word or of the partially homophonous Anglo-Norman word. Notes on specific forms. It is unclear whether the form furler (apparently only attested in quot. 1523 at fuller's earth n. 1) merely shows a misprint for fuller . In form fullner probably after agent nouns formed on bases ending in n , e.g. gardener n., milliner n.; compare similarly formed nakerner at nakerer n. Forms, ploomner at plumber n. Forms, and raunsumner at ransomer n. Forms. A person whose occupation is fulling cloth. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > fulling > one who waulkereOE fullerOE waulkster1355 tucker1388 cloth-thicker?1518 thicker1520 waulk miller1753 plash-miller1822 OE Will of Æðelgifu (Sawyer 1497) in D. Whitelock Will of Æthelgifu (1968) 9 Freoge man Ufic & þone fullere. OE West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) ix. 3 His reaf wurdon glitiniende swa hwite swa snaw, swa nan fullere [L. fullo] ofer eorðan ne mæg swa hwite gedon. c1300 St. James Less (Laud) 53 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 366 Mid one follares preche þat men tesieth opon cloth. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 167 Mochel is defouled mid þe uet of uolleres þe robe of scarlet erþan þet þe kuen his do an. 1449 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Feb. 1449 §20. m. 6 Clothmakers, that is to wite, men wevers, fullers, diers. 1482 in J. P. Collier Househ. Bks. John Duke of Norfolk & Thomas Earl of Surrey (1844) 320 [The] fuller..shall dresse..vij. brode clothes; that is to say reyse, skore them, barbe them. 1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca Lanaria, an herbe whiche fullers do vse, whan they scoure clothes. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. D7^v Compounding with the Fuller to thicke it [sc. wool] very much. 1645 Bp. J. Hall Remedy Discontentm. xix. 118 The Fuller treads upon that cloth which he means to whiten. 1697 J. Williams Proposals Million-fund 6 Fullers scarce get 2 d. per piece by some of these Goods. 1764 R. Burn Hist. Poor Laws 156 Three weavers..six spinners, one fuller and burler. 1797 W. Johnston tr. J. Beckmann Hist. Inventions & Discov. III. 266 The fullers received the cloth as it came from the loom, in order that it might be scoured, walked, and smoothed. 1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. iv. 103 There are twelve clergymen..six fullers and six girdlers. 1905 Fibre & Fabric 21 Jan. 565/3 (heading) A new disease in Germany. Dyers and fullers affected with eczema. 1965 E. Tunis Colonial Craftsmen ii. 36/1 Fullers sometimes cleaned clothing as a side line. 2015 M. Bradley in Smell & Anc. Senses ix. 140 Being a fuller, or counting a fuller among your ancestors, was a classic slur [in ancient Rome]. Compounds In the genitive, forming names of materials and plants used in the process of fulling.See also fuller's earth n. fuller's clay n. = fuller's earth n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > stratum by constitution > fuller's earth fuller's eartha1350 walker's claya1398 fuller's clay1581 cledge1724 wall-earth1724 walker's soap1839 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > cleaning > fuller's earth fuller's eartha1350 fulling eartha1399 walker's earth1403 fuller's clay1581 fulling clay1647 scouring clay1660 scouring earth1661 1581 R. Norman Newe Attractiue 2 There is an other sort that is white and light, like vnto a peece of drie Fullers claie. 1784 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations (ed. 3) II. iv. viii. 505 The exportation of fuller's earth, or fuller's clay. 1920 Fur News Dec. 48/3 Corn meal or some other absorbent, such as Fuller's clay, should always be used. 2006 J. Goody Theft of Hist. i. iii. 89 Prato..was especially suitable as a place for finishing wool because of the availability of fuller's clay in the area. fuller's grass n. now historical and rare soapwort, Saponaria officinalis, used by fullers to wash cloth. [Compare post-classical Latin herba fullonia (see fuller's weed n.), herba fullonum (see fuller's herb n.).] ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Caryophyllaceae (chickweeds and allies) > [noun] > soapwort boritha1382 crowsoapa1400 saponera1400 foam-dockc1500 fuller's grass1526 saponary1526 scour-wort1548 soapwort1548 mock gillyflower1578 soapwort gentian1578 struthion1587 soap-weed1607 gill-run-by-the-street1640 candify1727 saponaria1865 bouncing-Bet1884 1526 Grete Herball ccclxxxiiij. sig. X.iii/2 It [sc. Saponaria] is called saponary, fullers grasse, buryt, and crowsope. 1645 G. Gillespie Serm. preached before House of Lords 4 The Fullers grasse, or the Fullers herb. 2009 M. Olmert Kitchens, Smokehouses, & Privies ii. 64 They also made soap from the roots of Fuller's grass (Saponaria officinalis) and used Fuller's teasel..to rough up the fibers. fuller's herb n. now chiefly historical (a) [after post-classical Latin herba fullonum (Vulgate)] soapwort, Saponaria officinalis; (b) = fuller's teasel n. ΚΠ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mal. iii. 2 He [shall be]..as the erbe of fullers [L. herba fullonum].] 1593 W. Rainolds Treat. Holy Sacrifice & Sacrament 267 If thow wash thy selfe with nitre, and multiplie the herbe Borith, or..the fullers herbe, yet thow art stil vncleane. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 262 The Fullers herb in wine honied. 1844 C. Richardson New Dict. Eng. Lang. (ed. 2) 788/1 Fullers' Herb: so called, because used by fullers in teasing wool. 1970 A. Leighton Early Amer. Gardens (Appendix) 404 Teasel... Fuller's herb. 2011 K. Coyne & E. Knutzen Making It 18 Soapwort (Saponaria officinalis), also known as bouncing bet, fuller's herb, or sweet Betty, is a pretty, sweet-smelling, flowering perennial herb. fuller's teasel n. any teasel used for carding wool and raising the nap on woven cloth, esp. Dipsacus sativus. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Dipsacaceae (teasel and allies) > [noun] teasela1300 wokethistlea1400 fuller's teasel?c1425 fawthistle1483 Venus's basin1551 card thistle1578 Venus's bath1578 fuller's weed1587 fuller's herb1593 fuller's thistle1601 fuller's thorn1601 Venus' laver1601 shepherd's rod1633 shepherd's staff1760 manweed1829 Venus's cup1855 ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 319 Carsof (i. fullers tasel) is hote in þe secounde degre. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iv. lx. 522 This kinde of Thistel is called..Fullers Teasel. 1720 E. R. Experienc'd Farrier (ed. 4) 250 Take a Worm, which you shall find in a Fuller's Teasel. 1830 T. Nuttall Introd. Systematic & Physiol. Bot. (ed. 2) xiv. 52 The Fuller's Teasel..is a plant extensively cultivated for the purpose of dressing woollen cloth. 1912 Everybody's Cycl. IV. (at Teasel) The only valuable species of the order is fuller's teasel. 2010 R. Mabey Weeds i. 3 One might see growing wild together nowhere else in Britain except these abandoned places: cumin, feral gourds, fuller's teasel. fuller's thistle n. = fuller's teasel n. [Originally after classical Latin spīna fullōnia (see fuller's thorn n.); in later use after post-classical Latin cardo fullonum (1517 or earlier), carduus fullonius (1546 or earlier).] ΚΠ 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xvi. xliv. 496 The like is to be said of Hippopheston, which groweth upon the Fullers thorne or thystle [L. quod vero in spina fullonia hippophaeston]: it beareth certaine little heads and hollow knobs.., small leaves, and a white root. 1605 J. Mosan tr. C. Wirsung Gen. Pract. Physick sig. Iii Carduus Fullonius, Dipsacus, Fullers Thistle. 1741 J. Ozell tr. J. Pitton de Tournefort Voy. Levant (new ed.) III. 87 All these parts sustains Tops like those of the Fuller's Thistle [Fr. Chardon à Bonnetier], two inches and a half long, and one and a half diameter. 1831 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. (ed. 2) 918 The fuller's thistle is an herbaceous biennial, growing from four to six feet high. 1911 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 60 128/2 The teasel—fuller's weed, or fuller's thistle, as it is sometimes called—is still cultivated in France. 2001 W. W. Weaver Sauer's Herbal Cures 145 Many botanists now believe that the fuller's thistle is simply a variety of Dipsacus sylvestris, since the distinctively crooked spines disappear on fuller's thistle if it reverts to the wild state. † fuller's thorn n. [after classical Latin spīna fullōnia (Pliny)] Obsolete rare = fuller's teasel n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Dipsacaceae (teasel and allies) > [noun] teasela1300 wokethistlea1400 fuller's teasel?c1425 fawthistle1483 Venus's basin1551 card thistle1578 Venus's bath1578 fuller's weed1587 fuller's herb1593 fuller's thistle1601 fuller's thorn1601 Venus' laver1601 shepherd's rod1633 shepherd's staff1760 manweed1829 Venus's cup1855 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xvi. xliv. 496 The like is to be said of Hippopheston, which groweth upon the Fullers thorne or thystle [L. quod vero in spina fullonia hippophaeston]: it beareth certaine little heads and hollow knobs.., small leaves, and a white root. 1676 E. Coles Eng. Dict. Hippopheston, an herb on the Fullers thorn, good for the falling sickness. † fuller's weed n. Obsolete (a) [after post-classical Latin herba fullonia (16th cent. or earlier; compare herba fullonum (see fuller's herb n.))] soapwort, Saponaria officinalis; (b) = fuller's teasel n. ΚΠ 1587 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnius Herbal for Bible x. 56 Of the Herb Borith,..which we call Sopewort, or Fullers weede [L. herba fullonia].., bicause the iuice there-of will mundifie and scowre like Sope. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Fullers-Weed, or Fullers-thistle, an Herb. 1888 D. Milne Eng. Dict. 19/1 The teasel plant or fuller's-weed bears a large burr or flowery head, and is covered with prickly hooked awns. 1913 C. G. Herbermann et al. Catholic Encycl. XII. 151/2 St. Jerome in his Commentary on Jer., ii, 22, identifies borith with the ‘fuller's weed’, which was not used, like the Dipsacus fullonum..to dress cloth, but to wash it... The plant grew on rich, damp soil, which description applies to a species of Saponaria. 1922 A. C. Hottes Little Bk. Annuals 104 Teazle (Fuller's Weed). The Teazles of our roadsides are prickly and forbidding but nevertheless interesting when Winter comes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). fullern.² Brit. /ˈfʊlə/, U.S. /ˈfʊlər/ Forms: 1700s– fuller, 1800s fullar. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: full v.¹, -er suffix¹. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps < full v.¹ + -er suffix¹, although the semantic development is unclear. Compare later fullered adj. and fuller v. 1. Engineering. A tool for making a groove in a metal surface, typically having a linear rounded end, like a blunt chisel, and used in a pair as a top fuller and bottom fuller. Also: a grooved surface on which iron can be shaped by being driven into the grooves with a hammer (rare). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > forging equipment > other forging equipment fuller1587 burras-pipe1676 anvil1678 washer1678 porter1794 porter rod1839 top-tool1877 turn-bat1881 porter bar1887 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > shoeing of horses > [noun] > shoeing instruments butter1370 firing iron1374 butteris1559 pritchel1568 fuller1587 drawing knife1610 draw knife1711 rennet1725 searcher1834 sate1883 buffer1902 1587 in M. A. Havinden Househ. & Farm Inventories Oxfordshire (1965) 244 Twoe flatt maundrels an axe maundrell a fuller a clifte a setting punche a horshoe prichell and a stempe. 1809 B. Clark Series of Exper. on Foot Living Horse 15 The tool used..is called a Fuller, being a sort of chissel about four inches long and two wide, flat and almost concave on one side, convex and rounded on the other, and circular below on its cutting edge; held in a rod of azle. a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. I. 922/1 Fuller... 2. A tool having grooves and forming a die or swage into which iron is driven. 1884 R. Lawson in E. M. Lawson Nation in Parish p. xv Fullar, the tool used for making a fullaring. Dying out. 2000 W. Goddard Wonder Knifemaking vi. 99/1 An easier way to make the tang step-down is to use a spring fuller. 2. A groove made in a metal surface, esp. a horseshoe. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > forging equipment > other forging equipment > groove made by fuller fuller1796 1796 S. Freeman Observ. Mechanism Horse's Foot 90 The fuller must be very near the edge, as in the case of a thin-footed horse. 1855 W. Miles Plain Treat. Horse-shoeing 9 The ‘fuller’ should be carried quite round the shoe to the heels, and the fullering iron should have both sides alike. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Fuller, the fluting groove of a bayonet. 1889 Daily Tel. 1 Mar. 5/8 The present pattern is too thin in the ‘fuller’. 1903 Special Rep. Dis. Horse (U.S. Dept. Agric.) (rev. ed.) 567 (caption) in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (57th Congr., 2nd Session, House of Representatives Doc. 487) XI Note the distribution of the nails, length of the fuller (crease), and the closeness of the ends of the shoe. 2012 S. E. Harris et al. U.S. Pony Club Man. Horsemanship: Intermediate Horsemanship (ed. 2) viii. 255 Fullered or creased shoe: Has a groove called a fuller or crease in which the nail holes are set. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). fullerv. Brit. /ˈfʊlə/, U.S. /ˈfʊlər/ Forms: see fuller n.² Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: fuller n.² Etymology: < fuller n.² Compare earlier fullered adj. and fullering n. transitive. To shape (metal) using a fuller (fuller n.² 1), esp. so as to make a groove or grooves; (also, in extended use) to give (linen) a crimped or wavy edge (obsolete rare). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > shoeing of horses > shoe [verb (transitive)] > stamp with groove fuller1809 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing clothes and textile articles > wash clothes [verb (transitive)] > press or iron set1530 press1555 pote1600 poke1606 smooth1617 iron?1670 goffer1706 steel1746 goose1808 streak1823 flat-iron1865 fuller1880 1809 B. Clark Series of Exper. on Foot Living Horse 15 The shoe is then fullered,..that is, a deep groove or channel is driven round it at a small distance from the outer edge, indenting it nearly half through the thickness of the iron. 1817 B. Clark Stereoplea 15 In France and Spain they do not fuller any shoes, not even for nag horses. 1846 Specif. Passenger Engines Caledonian Railway in T. Tredgold Princ. & Pract. Machinery Locomotive Engines (1850) vii. 3 They may be made of two plates, fullared out to form the holes, and welded at the edges. 1868 Queen's Regulations & Orders Army ⁋573 The horse's Shoe is not to be grooved or fullered. 1880 R. D. Blackmore Mary Anerley I. xi. 159 His linen clothes are dry, and even quite lately fullered—ironed you might call it. 1903 Blacksmith & Wheelwright Dec. 1118/3 Fuller the material as shown. 2003 A. Parks in M. W. Ross & S. J. Dyson Diagnosis & Managem. Lameness Horse xxvii. 263/2 Fullering and modifying the shoe edges frequently are performed in conjunction with each other. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹OEn.²1587v.1809
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fullern.1

Compounds

fullern.2

fullerv.

fullern.¹

fullern.²