funeraladj.n.

Brit.

/ˈfjuːn(ə)rəl/,

/ˈfjuːn(ə)rl̩/, U.S.

/ˈfjun(ə)rəl/

Forms: late Middle English ffuneral, late Middle English ffynerall (in a late copy), late Middle English funeralx (plural), late Middle English–1500s funeralle, late Middle English (in a late copy)–1600s fynerall, late Middle English–1700s funerall, late Middle English– funeral, 1500s feneralle, 1500s ffynnerall, 1500s funiral, 1500s funyralle, 1500s fynyal (transmission error), 1500s–1600s ffunerall, 1600s funnerall, 1600s funurall, 1800s– vuneral (regional and nonstandard); also Scottish pre-1700 funerale; U.S. regional 1800s fun'l, 1800s funal, 1800s funerald, 1800s– fun'ral, 1900s fun'rul, 1900s funeyul, 1900s funeyun, 1900s– fun'al, 1900s– fune'l, 1900s– funer'l.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French funeral; Latin funeralis; French funerales; Latin funeralia.

Etymology: As adjective < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French funeral of or relating to the ceremonial burial or cremation of the dead (late 14th cent. or earlier), and its etymon (ii) classical or post-classical Latin funeralis of or connected with the ceremonial burial of the dead (attested in the Didascaliae on Terence, which may date to the 1st cent. b.c.), deadly (4th or 5th cent. in Augustine) < fūner- , fūnus funeral, dead body, death, of uncertain origin + -ālis -al suffix¹. As noun < (iii) Middle French funerales, funerailles (plural noun) burial rites (late 14th cent.; French funérailles), and its etymon (iv) post-classical Latin funeralia burial rites (from 13th cent. in British sources, 14th cent. in continental sources), expenses associated with such rites (from 14th cent. in British sources, 15th cent. in continental sources), use as noun of neuter plural of funeralis, adjective.In early use as noun frequently in plural, reflecting the French plural form; compare e.g. spousal n. Compare Catalan funeral, adjective (14th cent.; also as noun), Spanish funeral (early 15th cent. as adjective, beginning of the 16th cent. as noun), †funeralias, plural noun (late 14th cent.), Italian funerale, noun (a1504).

A. adj.

†1. Of or relating to the ceremonial burial or cremation of the dead; used, observed, delivered, etc., at a funeral; funerary. Obsolete.Later use of funeral premodifying a noun in this context is generally understood as an attributive use of the noun (in sense B. 2b); for uses of this type see Compounds 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > [adjective] > of or relating to funeral

funeralc1405

funebral1581

funereal1598

funebrial1604

necial1606

exequial1613

funebrious1630

funebrous1654

funerary1661

feral1881

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2000 He wolde make a fyr, in which the office Funeral he myghte al acomplice.

1439 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 115 My byryng..& expenses funeralx.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Mark v. f. xl^v The syngyng menne that syng vayne funerall songes vnto the deade bodie.

1604 T. Dekker & T. Middleton Honest Whore i. i. 16 Funerall griefe loathes words.

1648 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 211 That noe funerall pompe be bestowed at my buriall.

1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. lii. 423 The Fuel of the Funeral and bustuary Fire.

1817 C. Wolfe Burial Sir J. Moore in Edinb. Monthly Mag. June 277/2 Not a drum was heard, nor a funeral note, As his corse to the rampart we hurried.

1866 E. Bulwer-Lytton Lost Tales Miletus, Secret Way 29 'Mid funeral earth-mounds, skirting widths of plain.

2. Mournful, gloomy, melancholy; funereal.Some later examples may represent a typographical error for funereal adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > gloomy or depressing

darkOE

unmerryOE

deathlyc1225

dolefulc1275

elengec1275

dreicha1300

coolc1350

cloudyc1374

sada1375

colda1400

deadlya1400

joylessc1400

unjoyful?c1400

disconsolatea1413

mournfula1425

funeralc1425

uncheerfulc1449

dolent1489

dolesome1533

heavy-hearted1555

glum1558

ungladsome1558

black1562

pleasureless1567

dern1570

plaintive?1570

glummish1573

cheerless1575

comfortless1576

wintry1579

glummy1580

funebral1581

discouraging1584

dernful?1591

murk1596

recomfortless1596

sullen1597

amating1600

lugubrious1601

dusky1602

sable1603

funebrial1604

damping1607

mortifying1611

tearful?1611

uncouth1611

dulsome1613

luctual1613

dismal1617

winterous1617

unked1620

mopish1621

godforsaken?1623

uncheerly1627

funebrious1630

lugubrous1632

drearisome1633

unheartsome1637

feral1641

drear1645

darksome1649

sadding1649

saddening1650

disheartening1654

funebrous1654

luctiferous1656

mestifical1656

tristifical1656

sooty1657

dreary1667

tenebrose1677

clouded1682

tragicala1700

funereal1707

gloomy1710

sepulchrala1711

dumpishc1717

bleaka1719

depressive1727

lugubre1727

muzzy1728

dispiriting1733

uncheery1760

unconsolatory1760

unjolly1764

Decemberly1765

sombre1768

uncouthie1768

depressing1772

unmirthful1782

sombrous1789

disanimating1791

Decemberish1793

grey1794

uncheering1796

ungenial1796

uncomforting1798

disencouraginga1806

stern1812

chilling1815

uncheered1817

dejecting1818

mopey1821

desponding1828

wisht1829

leadening1835

unsportful1837

demoralizing1840

Novemberish1840

frigid1844

morne1844

tragic1848

wet-blanketty1848

morgue1850

ungladdeneda1851

adusk1856

smileless1858

soul-sick1858

Novemberya1864

saturnine1863

down1873

lacklustre1883

Heaven-abandoneda1907

downbeat1952

doomy1967

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 715 (MED) Þis Achilles brast oute for to wepe, With dedly chere, pale and funeral.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) viii. l. 3358 This funeral stori.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) f. 123^v Though ye se me not now make funerall wepynges and waylynges, as I dyd at the deth of my sonne, yet thynke not but it doth brenne my hart.

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 83 Too see thee funeral eendinges Wretched of his kynred.

1651 Bp. J. Taylor Rule & Exercises Holy Dying iii. §6 To converse with his friends and standers by so as may do them comfort, and ease their funeral and civil complaints.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 226 Many of the Religious Rites and Solemnities, observed by the Pagan Priests, were Mournful and Funeral.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker (Dublin ed.) II. 79 The firs..look dull and funeral [London eds. 1 and 2 funereal] in the summer season.

1814 Ld. Byron Corsair ii. xvi. 59 O'er which the raven flaps her funeral wing.

1890 Otago Witness (Dunedin, N.Z.) 20 Nov. 41 The native name [of the paradise duck] is Putangi-tangi, which means the waterfowl that makes a great funeral crying.

1951 Coshocton (Ohio) Tribune 9 Nov. 8/3 The boos have the funeral sound of doom and they feel like mountainous waves about to swirl over your head.

2006 Irish Times 13 Mar. 14/6 Appignanesi agreed to the house being painted in funeral shades of brown and used as a set.

B. n.

†1. In plural. Funeral expenses. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] > funeral expenses

funerals1496

1496 Will of George Celey (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/11) f. 68^v After that my funerales and dethe be paied.

1590 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes iii. f. 104 The lawe of this lande..leaueth all the residue to the disposition of the testator, funeralles and debts deducted.

1629 Vse of Law 91 in J. Doddridge Lawyers Light If the Executor or Administrator pay Debts, or Funerals, or Legacies of his owne money.

1674 J. Godolphin Orphans Legacy ii. xx. 95 He may also if he want money to pay Funerals..sell any of the Chattels Real or Personal, whereof the Testator died possessed.

1736 M. Bacon New Abridgm. Law II. 65 The Question was, whether that Clause in his Will should amount to a Charge on his Real Estate for the Payment of his Debts, Legacies and Funerals.

1796 Articles Falkirk Soc. (rev. ed.) iv. 8 No pensioner to pay fines, funerals, nor anniversary dinners.

†a. In plural. The ceremonies connected with a person's burial or cremation; funeral rites; obsequies. Obsolete (chiefly historical in later use).

ΚΠ

1510 R. Copland tr. Kynge Appolyn of Thyre i. sig. Aiij^v The funeralles and obsequyes ended of the quene, the kynge made his doughter wel and ryally for to be nourysshed and fostred.

1543 R. Grafton Contin. in Chron. J. Hardyng f. xxxix The duke of Gloucestre kepte the kyng his brothers funeralles.

a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iii. iii. sig. E.j Some part of his funeralls let vs here beginne.

1561 H. Bennet tr. P. Melanchthon Hyst. Lyfe & Actes M. Luther in Famous & Godly Hist. Three Reformers sig. G.ii^v (heading) Philip Melancthons Oracion, made and recited for the Funeralles of the Reuerend man Martin Luther at Vitteberge.

1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 280 On the 5 of Sept. following his Funerals were solemnized.

1711 R. Molesworth tr. F. Hotman Franco-Gallia iv. 22 Lewis his Son (who had been present at his Father's Decease, and celebrated his Funerals).

1762 tr. J. B. Bossuet Hist. France IV. xvi. 16 His funerals were celebrated with ceremonies like those then used for the kings.

c1850 C. Southwell tr. F. Dupuis True Origin, Object, & Organization of Christian Relig. 49 At Alexandria the custom was to celebrate with great pomp the funerals of Adonis.

1906 C. M. Doughty Dawn in Brit. V. 41 Polled them all Sénones Gauls; Gathered to glorious Heremod's funerals.

b. A ceremony or service held shortly after a person's death, usually including the person's burial or cremation.Now the usual sense.pauper's funeral, private funeral, state funeral, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun]

officec1300

exequy1382

obsequyc1385

exequy1389

mortuaryc1450

funeral1513

obit1525

funeral honoursa1535

last offices1535

justments1648

pompe funèbre1934

the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] > a funeral

mortuaryc1450

obsequya1500

funeral1513

dole1548

burying1681

black job1785

1513 Will of Robert Fabyan in R. Fabyan New Chrons. Eng. & France (1811) Pref. p. vi I will that after my funerall..that. xii. of the foresaid torches be bestowed as after foloweth.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. vi. xxxviii. f. cxix^v At complyn where shulde be remembred the funerall or buryall of that moste holy corse.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. i. 235 Do not consent That Antony speake in his Funerall .

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1667 (1955) III. 490 Went to Mr. Cowleys funerall, whose Corps..was..conducted to Westminster Abby in an Hearse with 6 horses.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 416. ¶2 Melancholy Scenes and Apprehensions of Deaths and Funerals.

1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. ii. 52 On his return from the funeral, St. Aubert shut himself in his chamber.

1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 300 Funerals in the country are solemnly impressive.

1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law xxi. 168 You must be careful in your expenditure on the funeral.

1931 A. Uttley Country Child (1936) xii. 201 Margaret wiped her precious china tenderly, with..little reminiscences of when it had been used, weddings, funerals, birthdays, and Christmases.

1955 Househ. Guide & Almanac (News of World) 32 His funeral was preceded by a public lying-in-state attended by thousands of fans.

1991 K. Gibbons Cure for Dreams v. 43 My mother had been to her share of funerals.

2005 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 30 Oct. 33/1 Mourners unable to attend a loved one's funeral can now watch the service live on the internet.

c. figurative. Something likened to a funeral, esp. in marking the end of something. Also formerly in plural in same sense (cf. sense B. 2a).

ΚΠ

1587 W. Fulbeck Bk. Christian Ethicks sig. D.i The final end of their contempt, was the funerall of theyr common Weale.

1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. D4 I..drinke to the funerals of your Enimitie.

1637 W. Alexander Croesus iv. i, in Recreations with Muses 32 O outragious fate! Must I suruive the funeralls of my fame?

1659 O. Walker Περιαμμα Ἐπιδήμιον v. 89 Caesar will live till the funerall of the world in his Commentaries.

1684 Scanderbeg Redivivus iii. 45 Behold, I say, the time which is the Funerals of my Glory.

1703 T. D'Urfey Old Mode & New iv. 54 If the sham Christning proves the real Funeral of his Hopes, let him chew upon this Sentence.

1755 T. Gibbons Serm. Tremendous Earthquake at Lisbon 28 This Funeral of one City by Earthquake and Fire.

1885 Ld. Tennyson To Princess Beatrice in Tiresias & Other Poems 202 The Mother weeps At that white funeral of the single life, Her maiden daughter's marriage.

1894 Westm. Gaz. 29 Aug. 5/2 Next election would see the funeral of party government.

1963 MLN 78 483 That book does not so much celebrate the funeral of literature and criticism, as move toward the confrontation of a new age.

1997 Sunday Times (Nexis) 26 Oct. Divorce would have been a funeral, an open admission that that particular life between my parents was over.

†3. A person's death. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [noun]

hensithOE

qualmOE

bale-sithea1000

endingc1000

fallOE

forthsitheOE

soulingOE

life's endOE

deathOE

hethensithc1200

last end?c1225

forthfarec1275

dying1297

finec1300

partingc1300

endc1305

deceasec1330

departc1330

starving1340

passingc1350

latter enda1382

obita1382

perishingc1384

carrion1387

departing1388

finishmentc1400

trespassement14..

passing forthc1410

sesse1417

cess1419

fininga1425

resolutiona1425

departisona1450

passagea1450

departmentc1450

consummation?a1475

dormition1483

debt to (also of) naturea1513

dissolutionc1522

expirationa1530

funeral?a1534

change1543

departure1558

last change1574

transmigration1576

dissolving1577

shaking of the sheets?1577

departance1579

deceasure1580

mortality1582

deceasing1591

waftage1592

launching1599

quietus1603

doom1609

expire1612

expiring1612

period1613

defunctiona1616

Lethea1616

fail1623

dismissiona1631

set1635

passa1645

disanimation1646

suffering1651

abition1656

Passovera1662

latter (last) end1670

finis1682

exitus1706

perch1722

demission1735

demise1753

translation1760

transit1764

dropping1768

expiry1790

departal1823

finish1826

homegoing1866

the last (also final, great) round-up1879

snuffing1922

fade-out1924

thirty1929

appointment in Samarra1934

dirt nap1981

big chill1987

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun]

buriels854

througheOE

burianOE

graveOE

lairc1000

lair-stowc1000

lich-restc1000

pitOE

grass-bedOE

buriness1175

earth housec1200

sepulchrec1200

tombc1300

lakec1320

buriala1325

monumenta1325

burying-place1382

resting placea1387

sepulturea1387

beda1400

earth-beda1400

longhousea1400

laystow1452

lying1480

delfa1500

worms' kitchen?a1500

bier1513

laystall1527

funeral?a1534

lay-bed1541

restall1557

cellarc1560

burying-grave1599

pit-hole1602

urn1607

cell1609

hearse1610

polyandrum1627

requietory1631

burial-place1633

mortuary1654

narrow cell1686

ground-sweat1699

sacred place1728

narrow house1792

plot1852

narrow bed1854

?a1534 H. Medwall Nature sig. a.iii I wretched body shall haue my funerall When yt pleaseth thy grace so to prouyde.

1575 R. B. Apius & Virginia sig. Ei Which hast the seede of thine owne lym, thrust forth to funerall.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. v. sig. Q7^v Him deeming dead..[he] Fledd fast away, to tell his funerall Vnto his brother.

1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles viii. 31 He liues to gouerne vs: Or dead, giue's cause to mourne his funerall .

1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels II. 316 Those Funerals which come by gentle and leisurely decays.

1729 J. Mitchell Poems Several Occasions II. 81 Incessant! dismal Consort to my Friends, Shou'd any Friends my Funeral survive.

1861 D. Boucicault Octoroon iv. 43 Away with him! put him down the hatch till we rig his funeral.

1899 K. H. Bradley & E. E. Cooper Anna Ruina ii. 51 Name any dragon I can fight, And we will brood upon his funeral.

†4. A monument in memory of the dead; a place of burial; a grave. Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > record > memorial or monument > [noun] > structure or erection

markOE

monumentc1400

funerala1547

monumentala1687

remain1687

marker1906

a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) iv. sig. F.iii With garlandes, she doth all beset the place, And with grene bows eke crown the funerall.

1563 L. Humphrey Nobles or of Nobilitye sig. e.iii It is counted worshipfull to place them [sc. arms] in theyr housen, stretes, churches, walles, and funeralles.

1591 E. Spenser Ruines of Rome in Complaints 37 Rome now of Rome is th' onely funerall.

1668 J. Denham Poems 140 May he..find his Funeral I' th' Sands, when he before his day shall fall.

5. A procession of people travelling to or from a funeral; a funeral procession. Also formerly in plural in same sense. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] > a funeral > funeral procession

convoy1523

funeral1560

death train1775

burial-procession1871

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries xxv. f. ccccxxii^v The residue are discharged, and for the moste part retourned home with the funerall.

1602 S. Patrick tr. J. de Hainault Estate of Church 530 They were constrained to follow the Funeralls of the said Lieftenant slaine, in the habit of Criminalls.

a1644 F. Quarles Solomons Recantation (1645) xii. 58 Mourners come to meet Thy tear-bedabled fun'rals in the Street.

1663 J. Heath Flagellum 169 The same silence was kept, as if a Funeral had been en passant.

1704 T. Uvedale Remedy of Love 89 Near to that street through which the Funeral came.

1745 J. Swift Direct. to Servants 79 You are sometimes desirous to see a Funeral..As they pass by in the Street.

1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms ii. 103 A city bell Wailed for a funeral passing to the tomb.

1846 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. in Wks. I. 320/1 There is no funeral so sad to follow as the funeral of our own youth.

1877 W. C. Bryant Among Trees in Poems 45 The funeral goes forth; a silent train Moves slowly from the desolate home.

1905 R. Thirlmere Lett. from Catalonia II. 545 I remember my abuela used to have her bed drawn up to the window when a funeral was passing.

1954 M. H. Bro Indonesia xi. 189 As he had driven into his nearby estate that morning he had met a funeral coming out of his gate.

2009 G. R. Afkhami Life & Times of Shah xxvi. 598 It was a hot summer day, but the funeral moved with pomp and grace.

6. A funeral sermon; an address given to commemorate a dead person; a memorial service. Also formerly in plural in same sense. Also figurative. U.S. in later use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > religious rites > [noun] > funeral service

funeral1621

burial-service1726

dead-office1858

the world > life > death > obsequies > religious rites > [noun] > funeral sermon

funeral1621

1621 in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times James I (1848) (modernized text) II. 245 I send you here the funerals of the Bohemian affairs, if that be true which the enclosed reporteth.

1641 J. Trapp Theologia Theol. 193 The fiend..preacht Sauls funerall, as one calls it.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 102 In the absence of Doctor Humfreys designed for that service, M^r. Giles Laurence preached his Funeralls.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Heref. 41 I could learn little from the Minister which preached his funeral.

1791 W. Huntington Funeral of Arminianism To Reader p. vii It is all the fashion, now-a-days, to preach funerals over great bodies.

1853 in N. E. Eliason Tarheel Talk (1956) App. 273 Was her funerald preached at the burying, if not, I would like to know when it will be.

1872 M. S. De Vere Americanisms 238 This led to the custom, still prevailing in densely-settled districts, and especially among the freedmen of the South, to have funerals, i.e. special funeral sermons preached some time after the death of the person.

1905 N.Y. Evening Post. 9 Mar. 8 An official funeral will be held in the Senate chamber to-morrow at two o'clock, and the body will be taken to Tennessee to-morrow evening.

1922 M. B. Houston Witch Man xi. 131 The cemetery to which Wilda had fared as much as twice for many of the graves within it, first when the sleeper was laid there and later—sometimes there was the lapse of a year—when his funeral was preached.

1996 News Herald (Panama City, Florida) 3 Feb. b1/4 Hutchison preached the funeral of the woman who owned the building.

Phrases

P1. With possessive adjective.

a. U.S. colloquial. In negative constructions. A matter or thing which one has the right to meddle with, involve oneself in, express an opinion on, etc.; one's business. Chiefly in none of your (our, etc.) funeral: no affair of yours (ours, etc.), nothing to do with you (us, etc.). Now rare.In quot. 1850 in the context of a literal funeral; cf. none of at none pron. 3c.

ΚΠ

1850 Miami County (Indiana) Sentinel 15 Aug. 1/2 A queer remark was made by an urchin of five years, who had lost a sister by death to a neighbor who was attending a funeral, ‘What are you crying for?’ said the little fellow to the latter, who was weeping, ‘'tis none of your funeral.’

1854 Wisconsin State Jrnl. 13 Mar. This is none of our funeral, but it appears that Mr. Noonan has been weighed by ‘the balance’ and found wanting.

1870 Congress. Globe 12 Apr. 2780/3 Mr. Painter then addressing you said, ‘This is not my funeral.’

1889 W. Whitman Let. 5 July in Corr. (1969) IV. 354 [The book] is to be frontispieced by a photo (wh' I do not like but the others do, & this is not my funeral) of Morse's bust (wh' I do like).

1895 Cent. Mag. Sept. 674/1 We don't know for certain it was them, and it's none of our funeral, anyhow.

1944 Bluefield (W. Va.) Daily Tel. 23 Sept. 3/4 It is none of your funeral whether this man is happily married or not.

1972 Albany (Texas) News 9 Mar. It is ‘none of our funeral’, therefore we deem it best to say nothing.

b. colloquial (originally U.S.). your (his, her, etc.) funeral: your (his, her, etc.) affair or concern. Chiefly used, esp. in it's your funeral, to warn someone that an unwise act or decision is his or her responsibility.

ΚΠ

1908 S. E. White Riverman vii. 60 However, it's your funeral. Come on, if you want to.

1921 A. S. M. Hutchinson If Winter Comes iv. i. 254 However his wife was his funeral, not mine, and I said nothing.

1930 D. L. Sayers & ‘R. Eustace’ Documents in Case 72 But how he can ever imagine that it will sell... But that's his funeral.

1952 G. W. Brace Spire (1953) xii. 114 I refuse to involve myself. It is your problem and your funeral.

1992 S. Birdsell Chrome Suite ii. x. 199 ‘You're not going to go out with him, are you?.. It's your funeral.’

2004 Iowa Rev. 34 163 ‘It's your funeral,’ I say, and wish I hadn't.

P2. U.S. colloquial. two-car funeral and variants: used as the type of an event that is simple to plan and organize, in phrases indicating that someone is incompetent or disorganized, as couldn't organize a two-car funeral, would screw up a two-car funeral, etc.Also occasionally as one-car funeral.

ΚΠ

1961 Delaware County (Pa.) Daily Times 27 Mar. 12/1 Stuart is the only guy I know who could foul up a two-car funeral.

1968 Valley Independent (Monessen, Pa.) 22 May 12/3 Alas, the world is full of bunglers. Some of them are so good they can even mess up a one-car funeral.

1971 Appleton (Wisconsin) Post Crescent 2 Feb. 23/4 The Saigon government at that point could not organize a two-car funeral.

1991 N.Y. Times Mag. 27 Oct. 36/2 Federal banking regulators are ‘a bunch of turkeys’, he announces. ‘Those guys could screw up a two-car funeral procession.’

2006 R. Chandrasekaran Imperial Life in Emerald City (2007) ii. 37 The State people began to joke that Mobbs couldn't organize a two-car funeral.

Compounds

C1.

a. General attributive with the sense ‘of or relating to a funeral or the commemoration of the dead’, as funeral arrangements, funeral boat, funeral ceremony, funeral dirge, funeral expenses, funeral oration, funeral sermon, etc.In early use funeral may be an adjective rather than an attributive use of the noun. See sense A. 1.

ΚΠ

1529 T. More Supplyc. Soulys ii. f. xxxv There were in the funerall seruyce at the beryeng of the corps, the self same psalmes songen.

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. M1 Is it not lawfull for him to take monie in his cure for preaching funerall sermons?

1601 J. Weever Mirror of Martyrs sig. Dvj^v My Swans last funerall dirgee to the king.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) ii. v. 117 My sighing brest, shall be thy Funerall bell.

1620 W. Adams Will 16 May in A. Farrington Eng. Factory in Japan (1991) I. 795 And after my debts payed & my funerall expences performed, I will that my monney, goods and debts shalbe devided.

1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 76 You have had the pleasure to heare your owne Funerall Oration.

1707 Earl of Bindon in London Gaz. No. 4339/3 Divers Abuses..have been committed..by Painters, Funeral-Undertakers.

1768 H. Walpole Let. 16 Apr. in Corr. (1937) I. 134 That arch-rogue preached lately a funeral sermon on one Gibson hanged for forgery.

1832 E. Ind. Sketch Bk. II. 124 I watched the funeral-party as they stood..in all the pride of their military array.

1843 S. C. Hall & A. M. Hall Ireland III. 187 And all in that funeral-boat repeated ‘why—why—why’.

1856 C. F. Alexander Burial of Moses in Dublin Univ. Mag. Apr. 462 But when the warrior dieth, His comrades in the war, With arms reversed and muffl'd drum, Follow the funeral car.

1884 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (1886) Funeral-cakes, long, narrow, sponge cakes used at funerals.

1884 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (1886) Funeral cups, drinking vessels used at funerals.

1961 B. Pym No Fond Return of Love xxiii. 227 We all got together over the funeral baked meats. You know, a glass or two of really good sherry works wonders on these occasions.

1987 A. Wiseman Mem. of Bk. Molesting Childhood 178 After death, as I have said, begins the busy part. Notifications, funeral arrangements, choosing the casket.

2015 Church Times 9 Oct. 3/3 Clergy are being urged to talk about funeral costs during their pastoral visits to grieving families.

funeral cortège n.

ΚΠ

1821 Observer of Times (London) 22 Apr. The funeral cortege had taken the route to Pere le Chaise, when some of the friends of the deceased becoming indignant, insisted upon the body being carried back to the church.

1989 New Yorker 5 June 94/1 Some..trudged off like mourners in a funeral cortège.

2005 Kerryman 11 Aug. 6/3 The funeral cortege made its way through the village and up towards Holy Cross Cemetery.

funeral elegy n.

ΚΠ

1610 J. Mason Turke iii. iv. sig. H3 Like the dying swan, would I might sing A funerall elegy to my parting soule.

1763 J. Macpherson Temora ii. 26 (Argument) Cathmor obtains a promise from Ossian, to order a funeral elegy to be sung over the grave of Cairbar.

1833 Monthly Rev. Mar. 347 A funeral elegy on the degraded state of our once flourishing Channel Fisheries.

1979 D. Thomas Swinburne ix. 181 One of Swinburne's..responses to his father's death was to compose a pious funeral elegy, ‘Inferiae’.

2001 J. C. Shields Amer. Aeneas ii. iv. 131 Early American poets of pastoral elegies and funeral elegies were self-consciously engaged with the task of preserving the past.

funeral mass n.

ΚΠ

1537 H. Monmouth Will in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1822) I. ii. App. xc. 370 I wyl have no mo Preestes and Clerks at my funeral mass, than do serve dayly in our parysh church.

1783 Monthly Rev. Aug. 163 The Author before us, instead of contenting himself with saying a funeral mass, and singing their requiem, takes them out of their coffins, and kills them anew.

2006 D. Max Family that couldn't Sleep (2007) iv. xv. 248 They placed an offering jar outside the church where the funeral mass was said.

funeral ode n.

ΚΠ

1618 R. Brathwait Good Wife sig. G8^v (heading) A funerall Ode.

1852 Tait's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 751/1 The Laureate stepped forth with his Funeral Ode... Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington.

2005 D. R. Slavitt Re Verse i. 18 I should probably have glossed ‘epicede’, the Anglican form of ‘epicedium’, a funeral ode.

funeral procession n.

ΚΠ

1634 Hist. Present Warres Germany iii. 32 Writings..mentioning among the rest, the spectacles of seuerall dead carcasses and funerall processions.

1845 J. Kitto Cycl. Biblical Lit. I. at Burial In the splendid funeral procession of Herod, 500 of his servants attended as spice-bearers.

2015 Southern Q. 53 27 The music, the refreshments, the flowers, the expensive coffin, and the cars involved in the funeral procession after the ceremony are all elements of the modern funeral.

funeral rite n.

ΚΠ

1568 Bible (Bishops') Gen. l. (heading) Funeral rites are celebrate for Iacob.

1764 R. Griffith Triumvirate II. cxliii. 157 He..immediately instituted the above funeral rite to her memory, to be performed weekly, on her death-day.

1872 Lambeth Rev. Mar. 118 Something is being done in many quarters in the way of un-Paganizing our funeral rites, which..are simply a disgrace to a Christian nation.

1996 R. Mistry Fine Balance (1997) xiv. 504 It was all waiting at the cremation site, along with a well-qualified mahapaatra to perform the funeral rites.

funeral service n.

ΚΠ

1529 T. More Supplyc. Soulys ii. f. xxxv There were in the funerall seruyce at the beryeng of the corps, the self same psalmes songen.

1797 A. Radcliffe Italian I. vi. 139 She repaired first to the convent, to attend the funeral service.

1885 Times 29 July 10/3 A memorial service for General Grant will be held in Westminster Abbey..simultaneously with the funeral service at Mount Macgregor in America.

2006 Vanity Fair Jan. 90 Her funeral service..was a starry affair.

funeral wreath n.

ΚΠ

1605 M. Drayton Poems sig. Gg8 With funerall wreathes incompassing his browes.

1753 A. Strahan tr. Virgil First Six Bks. Æneid iii. 99 Upon the Hill we heap'd Vast Loads of Earth, and to his Manes rear'd Altars, with funeral Wreaths and Cypress black.

1815 Monthly Mag. 1 June 429/1 A shroud infolds the lovely form, A funeral wreath the auburn hair.

1968 E. Buckler Ox Bells & Fireflies 268 When someone died it was always hotly argued whether or not two dollars should be taken from the Mite Box fund to buy a funeral wreath.

2001 E. Grossman tr. M. V. Llosa Feast of Goat (2003) 101 [His] funeral wreath of fresh, fragrant flowers was the most elaborate in the viewing room at the mortuary.

C2.

funeral-ale n. (in Scandinavian history and legend) a funeral feast; ale drunk at such a feast; cf. ale n. 2 and arval n. 1. [Partly after Danish †graverøl, lit. ‘grave ale’ (18th cent.; now gravøl ; probably < Norwegian gravarøl < Old Icelandic grafar , genitive singular of grǫf grave n.¹ + ǫl ale n.),

and partly (in later use) after the Scandinavian compounds cited at arval n.]

ΚΠ

1817 A. A. Feldborg tr. G. L. Baden in tr. G. L. Baden & Baron Holberg Hist. Norway 78 The feast of the funeral-ale (graveröl) was most particularly required to be celebrated in the manner most consistent with the fortune of the deceased.

1839 G. Pigott Man. Scand. Mythol. App. 328 He caused the funeral-ale to be drunk for the dead.

1875 Edinb. Rev. July 208 It is far more likely..that the vow was made at his [sc. Harold Harfagr's] father's funeral-ale.

2012 M. Whiting Shieldmaiden v. 214 He was my karl, he saved my life and I owe him a proper funeral-ale.

funeral biscuit n. British (now historical) a biscuit served at a wake or funeral.Funeral biscuits were typically sponge fingers or shortbread flavoured with caraway and stamped with a design. They were often wrapped in paper with a black seal and distributed to mourners or sent to those who had been unable to attend the funeral.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > biscuit > [noun] > other biscuits

dorcake14..

cracknelc1440

hard breada1500

crackling1598

Naples biscuit1650

gingerbread man1686

chocolate biscuit1702

biscotin1723

sponge biscuit1736

maple biscuita1753

butter biscuit1758

nut1775

Oliver biscuit1786

funeral biscuit1790

rock biscuit?1790

ratafia1801

finger biscuit1812

Savoy drop1816

lady's finger1818

snap1819

Abernethy1830

pretzel1831

wine-biscuit1834

gingersnap1838

captain's biscuit1843

lebkuchen1847

simnel1854

sugar cookie1854

peppernut1862

McClellan pie1863

Savoy ring1866

Brown George1867

beaten biscuit1876

digestive1876

Osborne1876

Bath Oliver1878

marie1878

boer biscuit1882

charcoal biscuit1885

biscotti1886

fairing1888

snickerdoodle1889

pfeffernuss1891

zwieback1894

Nice1895

Garibaldi biscuit1896

Oswegoc1900

squashed fly1900

amaretto1905

boerebeskuit1905

Romary1905

petit beurre1906

Oswego biscuit1907

soetkoekie1910

Oreo1912

custard cream1916

Anzac1923

sweet biscuit1929

langue de chat1931

Bourbon biscuit1932

Afghan1934

flapjack1935

Florentine1936

chocolate chip cookie1938

choc chip cookie1940

Toll House cookie1940

tuile1943

pizzelle1949

black and white1967

Romany Cream1970

papri1978

1790 Gentleman's Mag. Feb. 118/2 In passing through the street of Knaresborough, I observed on a window the following advertisement: ‘Funeral Biscuits sold here.’ And it is, it seems, the custom, at the funerals of the middling and lower class of people, to provide a kind of sugared biscuit, which are wrapt up, generally two of them together, in a sheet of white paper, sealed with black wax, and thus presented to each person attending the funeral.

1811 Derby Mercury 16 May (advt.) Funeral Biscuits and Cakes on the shortest possible Notice.

1829 G. Oliver Hist. & Antiq. Beverley iv. iii. 499 A scarf of black crape was formally appended to each bee-hive; and an offering of pounded funeral biscuit soaked in wine was placed at its entrance.

1884 Contemp. Rev. Aug. 329 ‘Funeral biscuits’ are baked expressly for those who visit the house on the day of interment.

1956 W. M. Williams Sociol. Eng. Village iii. 67 Ivverbody sits down to plenty o' food, wid rum butter and funeral biscuits, and plenty to drink.

2016 Huddersfield Daily Examiner (Nexis) 7 Nov. 27 Joseph and Eleanor started their business catering primarily for Victorian family occasions producing wedding cakes and funeral biscuits.

funeral column n. a column which serves as a memorial to the dead, esp. one marking a place of burial.

ΚΠ

1730 E. Oakley Mag. Archit., Perspective, & Sculpt. ii. 72 This Plate contains various Designs of Pedestals..; the first Five are for Figures sitting or standing; 6 and 8 for Funeral Columns.

1838 Gentleman's Mag. Apr. 240/1 They proceeded together to a cemetery which was formerly that of the Moors. Here and there were still to be seen little funeral columns.

1998 Jrnl. World Hist. 9 163 The Punan Ba adorned their carved funeral columns with porcelain to celebrate the heroic loss of fellow warriors.

funeral directing n. originally U.S. the business or profession of making arrangements for funerals; the work of a funeral director.

ΚΠ

1885 Evening Gaz. (Cedar Rapids, Iowa) 3 July He also gives particular attention to undertaking and funeral directing.

1965 Calif. Law Rev. 53 501 Samson..pioneered in joining the role of embalmer with funeral directing.

2010 C. Cowling Good Funeral Guide xxxiii. 134 The business of funeral directing in the UK is not, for the most part, corrupt, exploitative or incompetent.

funeral director n. a person whose business is making arrangements for funerals; an undertaker.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > people involved in funeral > [noun] > undertaker

undertaker1698

upholder1709

death-hunter1723

black master1823

funeral director1834

mortician1895

black man1927

thanatologist1972

1834 Scotsman 19 Mar. Association of Funeral Directors.—An association was formed in Glasgow last week, for the purpose of conducting funerals upon more moderate rates of charges.

1886 J. A. Porter New Standard Guide Washington 178 General Furnishing Undertaker and Funeral Director.

1964 Eng. Stud. 45 (Suppl.) 23 Britain's 4,400 undertakers, or funeral directors, as they prefer to call themselves.

2013 S. T. Smith When your Friend Dies 29 The funeral director was aghast.

funeral home n. originally U.S. an establishment which offers various undertaking services, including preparation of the body for burial or cremation and provision of rooms for viewings and funeral services; a funeral parlour.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > other types of shop

show shop1787

lock-up shop1795

cash-store1811

boat shop1813

slaughter shop1841

slaughterhouse1851

ticket-shop1851

charity shop1853

magic shop1853

company store1872

Army and Navy1878

five-and-ten1880

farthing-shop1889

funeral home1895

goodwill1916

shop-within-(a)-shop1916

cash and carry1917

Piggly Wiggly1917

poverty shop1948

discount house1949

anchor1960

box store1976

mom-and-pop1976

op shop1978

duty-free1980

pound shop1983

pop-up2000

1895 Daily Picayune (New Orleans) 13 Nov. 4/7 The members..are hereby notified to meet at the funeral home.

1918 Bloomington (Indiana) Evening World 22 June 1/4 Bloomington now boasts of one of the most modern funeral homes in the state.

1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 53/5 (advt.) Hallowell Funeral Home.

2008 J. Hayes Precious Blood 60 Mr Delore was on the phone, laptop open, jotting down addresses and times as he spoke with a funeral home.

funeral honours n. (also funeral honour) the observances of respect usual at a funeral; cf. last honours n. at last adv., adj., and n.⁴ Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun]

officec1300

exequy1382

obsequyc1385

exequy1389

mortuaryc1450

funeral1513

obit1525

funeral honoursa1535

last offices1535

justments1648

pompe funèbre1934

a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 35/1 This noble Prince..with greate funerall honoure..was entered at Windesor.

?1571 tr. G. Buchanan Detectioun Marie Quene of Scottes sig. E.ij^v Sodenly, without any funerall honor, in the night tyme, by commoun carriers of dead bodies, vpon a vile beere, she causit hym to be buryed hard by Dauid Rizo.

1621 P. Scot Table-bk. for Princes xxv. 209 Let such Critickes who condemne mourning sermons, and funeral honours to the praise of the faithfull departed; consider that ignorance or singularity is the mother of their errour.

1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. II. 315 They were equal as to fame and funeral honours.

1916 Unpopular Rev. Oct. 441 Denunciation of authorities who permit, in tradition, true blue British tars to do funeral honor to the commander of an enemy's warship.

1944 Times 8 May 3/4 The decree..ordered funeral honours corresponding to that accorded a lieutenant-general.

2006 J. Lynch Simón Bolívar xii. 300 Amidst exuberant funeral honours the body was followed in procession by leaders of the government.

funeral march n. a slow solemn march (march n.⁵ 6) played at a funeral; also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] > a funeral > funeral procession > music accompanying

dead march1603

funeral march1633

society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > type of piece > [noun] > march

march1588

dead march1603

funeral march1633

death march1762

quickstepc1790

quick march1791

wedding-march1850

1633 Costlie Whore v. sig. H What second funerall march is that I heare?

1799 R. Southey in Ann. Anthol. 1 269 It is the funeral march... Hark! from the blacken'd cymbal that dead tone.

1838 H. W. Longfellow Psalm of Life in Knickerbocker Sept. 189 Our hearts..Still, like muffled drums, are beating Funeral marches to the grave.

2015 Church Times 18 Sept. 28/2 The funeral march was grand without being grandiose.

funeral pall n. a cloth used to cover a coffin; also figurative.

ΚΠ

1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. ix. sig. N.i Thei..frame as it ware a Cielyng, whiche thei couer with a funeralle palle.

1827 R. Pollok Course of Time II. ix. 216 Thousands more, that sleep Forgotten beneath the funeral pall of Time.

2012 Brit. Art Jrnl. Autumn 109/1 Sekers wove a fabric for the funeral pall of Leonard Messel, who died in the same year.

funeral parlour n. originally U.S. an establishment which offers various undertaking services, including preparation of the body for burial or cremation and provision of rooms for viewings and funeral services.

ΚΠ

1882 St. Louis (Missouri) Globe-Democrat 16 Aug. 5/4 The funeral will take place from Lynch's funeral parlors.

1927 Sat. Evening Post 12 Mar. 6/3 Rows of wooden folding chairs, often rented from funeral parlors.

1938 W. H. Auden & C. Isherwood On Frontier i. i. 24 Our doctors will see to your health, and our funeral parlours will bury you.

2003 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 26 Jan. 59/5 One determined chappie slapped a parking ticket on a hearse waiting outside a funeral parlour in Edinburgh.

funeral pile n. a pile of wood or other combustible material, used for the ritual burning of a dead body; a funeral pyre.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > cremation > [noun] > pile or pyre

adeOE

fireeOE

baleOE

pile1531

stacka1547

funeral pile1555

roge1559

fire pile1577

pyre1638

funeral pyre1658

death pile1791

1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. viii. sig. M.ii^v She..getteth her vp vpon the funeralle pyle, wher her housebandes corps lieth ready to be brente.

1768 T. Gray Descent of Odin in Poems 93 Hoder's corse..Flaming on the fun'ral pile.

2005 Lat. Amer. Antiq. 16 339/1 Layers of straw were placed between, around, and over the corpse to facilitate the combustion of this funeral pile.

funeral plan n. Insurance a scheme for making regular contributions towards the payment for one's own funeral.

ΚΠ

1928 Anaconda (Montana) Standard 22 Apr. 8/1 (advt.) Our Certificate Plan Is the Fair-Price Funeral Plan.

1989 Weekly World News 19 Dec. 20 The Pre-Arrangement Association, a nationwide organization dedicated to selling funeral plans on the basis of buy now, die later.

2004 M. V. Goudge Choosing Care Home ii.19 They may have contributed to a funeral plan, in which the funeral is wholly or partly paid for.

funeral pot n. a pot used during a funeral or as part of a funeral ceremony, spec. one used to hold the ashes of a cremated body; a funeral urn.

ΚΠ

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 408 Those..in their way as they past, came..to touche the funerall pot of his ashes.

1783 H. Swinburne Trav. in Two Sicilies I. 195 Chance has brought to light great quantities of funeral pots.

1999 T. Kirkwood Time of our Lives (2000) i. 9 There are even special funeral pots of baked clay on sale in the markets, just to hold all the extra food and millet beer.

2004 Washington Post (Nexis) 15 Mar. a2 Ancient funeral pots can fetch as much as $60,000 on the black market.

funeral pyre n. a pile of wood or other combustible material, used for the ritual burning of a dead body; frequently figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > cremation > [noun] > pile or pyre

adeOE

fireeOE

baleOE

pile1531

stacka1547

funeral pile1555

roge1559

fire pile1577

pyre1638

funeral pyre1658

death pile1791

1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall Ep. Ded. sig. A2 The Funerall pyre was out, and the last valediction over.

1871 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 9 Dec. 679/1 Its crowded wards could not fail to become the funeral pyres of most of the wretched occupants.

1994 J. Cohen & I. Stewart Collapse of Chaos iii. 68 [They] wrote a letter to the journal Nature that lit the funeral pyre of any explanation of biological development not founded in chemistry.

2002 N. Walker Blackbox (2003) 348 The practice of suttee required a woman to follow her deceased husband to his funeral pyre.

funeral ring n. now historical a ring worn in memory of someone who has died; a mourning ring.

ΚΠ

1663 G. Oldisworth Stone rolled Away 388 Therefore as She, in her Funeral Rings Posie, saith, I am not lost, but gone before.

1683 London Gaz. No. 1789/4 All Persons who shall have occasion for Funeral Rings for time to come.

1832 Preston Chron. & Lancs. Advertiser 22 Sept. A singularly engraved and antique funeral ring.

2012 William & Mary Q. 69 307 Unlike some other aspects of the period's mourning rituals—black veils or funeral rings bearing words or images—gloves seem mute.

funeral toll n. the tolling of a bell in memory of someone who has died; an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1804 J. Grahame Sabbath 191 The funeral-toll, announces solemnly The service of the tomb.

1910 Times 9 May 9/1 This morning..all the bells in the diocese will ring a funeral toll, and on the day of the funeral a great religious ceremony will take place in the Cathedral.

2013 D. Smith Red Winter 224 In the church tower, the bell began to ring. Slow and baleful, it was more like a funeral toll than a warning.

funeral urn n. an urn used to hold the ashes of a cremated body.

ΚΠ

1633 J. Ford Broken Heart v. ii. sig. K2^v His funerall vrneShall be my charge.

1818 Champion & Sunday Rev. 19 Apr. 253/2 In the interior were found eight funeral urns.

2012 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 9 Apr. 13 There were also ashes and a funeral urn left on a window sill at Peterborough Travelodge.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	funeral
释义	funeraladj.n. Brit. /ˈfjuːn(ə)rəl/, /ˈfjuːn(ə)rl̩/, U.S. /ˈfjun(ə)rəl/ Forms: late Middle English ffuneral, late Middle English ffynerall (in a late copy), late Middle English funeralx (plural), late Middle English–1500s funeralle, late Middle English (in a late copy)–1600s fynerall, late Middle English–1700s funerall, late Middle English– funeral, 1500s feneralle, 1500s ffynnerall, 1500s funiral, 1500s funyralle, 1500s fynyal (transmission error), 1500s–1600s ffunerall, 1600s funnerall, 1600s funurall, 1800s– vuneral (regional and nonstandard); also Scottish pre-1700 funerale; U.S. regional 1800s fun'l, 1800s funal, 1800s funerald, 1800s– fun'ral, 1900s fun'rul, 1900s funeyul, 1900s funeyun, 1900s– fun'al, 1900s– fune'l, 1900s– funer'l. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French funeral; Latin funeralis; French funerales; Latin funeralia. Etymology: As adjective < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French funeral of or relating to the ceremonial burial or cremation of the dead (late 14th cent. or earlier), and its etymon (ii) classical or post-classical Latin funeralis of or connected with the ceremonial burial of the dead (attested in the Didascaliae on Terence, which may date to the 1st cent. b.c.), deadly (4th or 5th cent. in Augustine) < fūner- , fūnus funeral, dead body, death, of uncertain origin + -ālis -al suffix¹. As noun < (iii) Middle French funerales, funerailles (plural noun) burial rites (late 14th cent.; French funérailles), and its etymon (iv) post-classical Latin funeralia burial rites (from 13th cent. in British sources, 14th cent. in continental sources), expenses associated with such rites (from 14th cent. in British sources, 15th cent. in continental sources), use as noun of neuter plural of funeralis, adjective.In early use as noun frequently in plural, reflecting the French plural form; compare e.g. spousal n. Compare Catalan funeral, adjective (14th cent.; also as noun), Spanish funeral (early 15th cent. as adjective, beginning of the 16th cent. as noun), †funeralias, plural noun (late 14th cent.), Italian funerale, noun (a1504). A. adj. †1. Of or relating to the ceremonial burial or cremation of the dead; used, observed, delivered, etc., at a funeral; funerary. Obsolete.Later use of funeral premodifying a noun in this context is generally understood as an attributive use of the noun (in sense B. 2b); for uses of this type see Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > [adjective] > of or relating to funeral funeralc1405 funebral1581 funereal1598 funebrial1604 necial1606 exequial1613 funebrious1630 funebrous1654 funerary1661 feral1881 c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2000 He wolde make a fyr, in which the office Funeral he myghte al acomplice. 1439 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 115 My byryng..& expenses funeralx. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Mark v. f. xl^v The syngyng menne that syng vayne funerall songes vnto the deade bodie. 1604 T. Dekker & T. Middleton Honest Whore i. i. 16 Funerall griefe loathes words. 1648 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 211 That noe funerall pompe be bestowed at my buriall. 1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. lii. 423 The Fuel of the Funeral and bustuary Fire. 1817 C. Wolfe Burial Sir J. Moore in Edinb. Monthly Mag. June 277/2 Not a drum was heard, nor a funeral note, As his corse to the rampart we hurried. 1866 E. Bulwer-Lytton Lost Tales Miletus, Secret Way 29 'Mid funeral earth-mounds, skirting widths of plain. 2. Mournful, gloomy, melancholy; funereal.Some later examples may represent a typographical error for funereal adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > gloomy or depressing darkOE unmerryOE deathlyc1225 dolefulc1275 elengec1275 dreicha1300 coolc1350 cloudyc1374 sada1375 colda1400 deadlya1400 joylessc1400 unjoyful?c1400 disconsolatea1413 mournfula1425 funeralc1425 uncheerfulc1449 dolent1489 dolesome1533 heavy-hearted1555 glum1558 ungladsome1558 black1562 pleasureless1567 dern1570 plaintive?1570 glummish1573 cheerless1575 comfortless1576 wintry1579 glummy1580 funebral1581 discouraging1584 dernful?1591 murk1596 recomfortless1596 sullen1597 amating1600 lugubrious1601 dusky1602 sable1603 funebrial1604 damping1607 mortifying1611 tearful?1611 uncouth1611 dulsome1613 luctual1613 dismal1617 winterous1617 unked1620 mopish1621 godforsaken?1623 uncheerly1627 funebrious1630 lugubrous1632 drearisome1633 unheartsome1637 feral1641 drear1645 darksome1649 sadding1649 saddening1650 disheartening1654 funebrous1654 luctiferous1656 mestifical1656 tristifical1656 sooty1657 dreary1667 tenebrose1677 clouded1682 tragicala1700 funereal1707 gloomy1710 sepulchrala1711 dumpishc1717 bleaka1719 depressive1727 lugubre1727 muzzy1728 dispiriting1733 uncheery1760 unconsolatory1760 unjolly1764 Decemberly1765 sombre1768 uncouthie1768 depressing1772 unmirthful1782 sombrous1789 disanimating1791 Decemberish1793 grey1794 uncheering1796 ungenial1796 uncomforting1798 disencouraginga1806 stern1812 chilling1815 uncheered1817 dejecting1818 mopey1821 desponding1828 wisht1829 leadening1835 unsportful1837 demoralizing1840 Novemberish1840 frigid1844 morne1844 tragic1848 wet-blanketty1848 morgue1850 ungladdeneda1851 adusk1856 smileless1858 soul-sick1858 Novemberya1864 saturnine1863 down1873 lacklustre1883 Heaven-abandoneda1907 downbeat1952 doomy1967 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 715 (MED) Þis Achilles brast oute for to wepe, With dedly chere, pale and funeral. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) viii. l. 3358 This funeral stori. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) f. 123^v Though ye se me not now make funerall wepynges and waylynges, as I dyd at the deth of my sonne, yet thynke not but it doth brenne my hart. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 83 Too see thee funeral eendinges Wretched of his kynred. 1651 Bp. J. Taylor Rule & Exercises Holy Dying iii. §6 To converse with his friends and standers by so as may do them comfort, and ease their funeral and civil complaints. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 226 Many of the Religious Rites and Solemnities, observed by the Pagan Priests, were Mournful and Funeral. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker (Dublin ed.) II. 79 The firs..look dull and funeral [London eds. 1 and 2 funereal] in the summer season. 1814 Ld. Byron Corsair ii. xvi. 59 O'er which the raven flaps her funeral wing. 1890 Otago Witness (Dunedin, N.Z.) 20 Nov. 41 The native name [of the paradise duck] is Putangi-tangi, which means the waterfowl that makes a great funeral crying. 1951 Coshocton (Ohio) Tribune 9 Nov. 8/3 The boos have the funeral sound of doom and they feel like mountainous waves about to swirl over your head. 2006 Irish Times 13 Mar. 14/6 Appignanesi agreed to the house being painted in funeral shades of brown and used as a set. B. n. †1. In plural. Funeral expenses. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] > funeral expenses funerals1496 1496 Will of George Celey (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/11) f. 68^v After that my funerales and dethe be paied. 1590 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes iii. f. 104 The lawe of this lande..leaueth all the residue to the disposition of the testator, funeralles and debts deducted. 1629 Vse of Law 91 in J. Doddridge Lawyers Light If the Executor or Administrator pay Debts, or Funerals, or Legacies of his owne money. 1674 J. Godolphin Orphans Legacy ii. xx. 95 He may also if he want money to pay Funerals..sell any of the Chattels Real or Personal, whereof the Testator died possessed. 1736 M. Bacon New Abridgm. Law II. 65 The Question was, whether that Clause in his Will should amount to a Charge on his Real Estate for the Payment of his Debts, Legacies and Funerals. 1796 Articles Falkirk Soc. (rev. ed.) iv. 8 No pensioner to pay fines, funerals, nor anniversary dinners. 2. †a. In plural. The ceremonies connected with a person's burial or cremation; funeral rites; obsequies. Obsolete (chiefly historical in later use). ΚΠ 1510 R. Copland tr. Kynge Appolyn of Thyre i. sig. Aiij^v The funeralles and obsequyes ended of the quene, the kynge made his doughter wel and ryally for to be nourysshed and fostred. 1543 R. Grafton Contin. in Chron. J. Hardyng f. xxxix The duke of Gloucestre kepte the kyng his brothers funeralles. a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iii. iii. sig. E.j Some part of his funeralls let vs here beginne. 1561 H. Bennet tr. P. Melanchthon Hyst. Lyfe & Actes M. Luther in Famous & Godly Hist. Three Reformers sig. G.ii^v (heading) Philip Melancthons Oracion, made and recited for the Funeralles of the Reuerend man Martin Luther at Vitteberge. 1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 280 On the 5 of Sept. following his Funerals were solemnized. 1711 R. Molesworth tr. F. Hotman Franco-Gallia iv. 22 Lewis his Son (who had been present at his Father's Decease, and celebrated his Funerals). 1762 tr. J. B. Bossuet Hist. France IV. xvi. 16 His funerals were celebrated with ceremonies like those then used for the kings. c1850 C. Southwell tr. F. Dupuis True Origin, Object, & Organization of Christian Relig. 49 At Alexandria the custom was to celebrate with great pomp the funerals of Adonis. 1906 C. M. Doughty Dawn in Brit. V. 41 Polled them all Sénones Gauls; Gathered to glorious Heremod's funerals. b. A ceremony or service held shortly after a person's death, usually including the person's burial or cremation.Now the usual sense.pauper's funeral, private funeral, state funeral, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] officec1300 exequy1382 obsequyc1385 exequy1389 mortuaryc1450 funeral1513 obit1525 funeral honoursa1535 last offices1535 justments1648 pompe funèbre1934 the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] > a funeral mortuaryc1450 obsequya1500 funeral1513 dole1548 burying1681 black job1785 1513 Will of Robert Fabyan in R. Fabyan New Chrons. Eng. & France (1811) Pref. p. vi I will that after my funerall..that. xii. of the foresaid torches be bestowed as after foloweth. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. vi. xxxviii. f. cxix^v At complyn where shulde be remembred the funerall or buryall of that moste holy corse. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. i. 235 Do not consent That Antony speake in his Funerall . View more context for this quotation a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1667 (1955) III. 490 Went to Mr. Cowleys funerall, whose Corps..was..conducted to Westminster Abby in an Hearse with 6 horses. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 416. ¶2 Melancholy Scenes and Apprehensions of Deaths and Funerals. 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. ii. 52 On his return from the funeral, St. Aubert shut himself in his chamber. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 300 Funerals in the country are solemnly impressive. 1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law xxi. 168 You must be careful in your expenditure on the funeral. 1931 A. Uttley Country Child (1936) xii. 201 Margaret wiped her precious china tenderly, with..little reminiscences of when it had been used, weddings, funerals, birthdays, and Christmases. 1955 Househ. Guide & Almanac (News of World) 32 His funeral was preceded by a public lying-in-state attended by thousands of fans. 1991 K. Gibbons Cure for Dreams v. 43 My mother had been to her share of funerals. 2005 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 30 Oct. 33/1 Mourners unable to attend a loved one's funeral can now watch the service live on the internet. c. figurative. Something likened to a funeral, esp. in marking the end of something. Also formerly in plural in same sense (cf. sense B. 2a). ΚΠ 1587 W. Fulbeck Bk. Christian Ethicks sig. D.i The final end of their contempt, was the funerall of theyr common Weale. 1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. D4 I..drinke to the funerals of your Enimitie. 1637 W. Alexander Croesus iv. i, in Recreations with Muses 32 O outragious fate! Must I suruive the funeralls of my fame? 1659 O. Walker Περιαμμα Ἐπιδήμιον v. 89 Caesar will live till the funerall of the world in his Commentaries. 1684 Scanderbeg Redivivus iii. 45 Behold, I say, the time which is the Funerals of my Glory. 1703 T. D'Urfey Old Mode & New iv. 54 If the sham Christning proves the real Funeral of his Hopes, let him chew upon this Sentence. 1755 T. Gibbons Serm. Tremendous Earthquake at Lisbon 28 This Funeral of one City by Earthquake and Fire. 1885 Ld. Tennyson To Princess Beatrice in Tiresias & Other Poems 202 The Mother weeps At that white funeral of the single life, Her maiden daughter's marriage. 1894 Westm. Gaz. 29 Aug. 5/2 Next election would see the funeral of party government. 1963 MLN 78 483 That book does not so much celebrate the funeral of literature and criticism, as move toward the confrontation of a new age. 1997 Sunday Times (Nexis) 26 Oct. Divorce would have been a funeral, an open admission that that particular life between my parents was over. †3. A person's death. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [noun] hensithOE qualmOE bale-sithea1000 endingc1000 fallOE forthsitheOE soulingOE life's endOE deathOE hethensithc1200 last end?c1225 forthfarec1275 dying1297 finec1300 partingc1300 endc1305 deceasec1330 departc1330 starving1340 passingc1350 latter enda1382 obita1382 perishingc1384 carrion1387 departing1388 finishmentc1400 trespassement14.. passing forthc1410 sesse1417 cess1419 fininga1425 resolutiona1425 departisona1450 passagea1450 departmentc1450 consummation?a1475 dormition1483 debt to (also of) naturea1513 dissolutionc1522 expirationa1530 funeral?a1534 change1543 departure1558 last change1574 transmigration1576 dissolving1577 shaking of the sheets?1577 departance1579 deceasure1580 mortality1582 deceasing1591 waftage1592 launching1599 quietus1603 doom1609 expire1612 expiring1612 period1613 defunctiona1616 Lethea1616 fail1623 dismissiona1631 set1635 passa1645 disanimation1646 suffering1651 abition1656 Passovera1662 latter (last) end1670 finis1682 exitus1706 perch1722 demission1735 demise1753 translation1760 transit1764 dropping1768 expiry1790 departal1823 finish1826 homegoing1866 the last (also final, great) round-up1879 snuffing1922 fade-out1924 thirty1929 appointment in Samarra1934 dirt nap1981 big chill1987 the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun] buriels854 througheOE burianOE graveOE lairc1000 lair-stowc1000 lich-restc1000 pitOE grass-bedOE buriness1175 earth housec1200 sepulchrec1200 tombc1300 lakec1320 buriala1325 monumenta1325 burying-place1382 resting placea1387 sepulturea1387 beda1400 earth-beda1400 longhousea1400 laystow1452 lying1480 delfa1500 worms' kitchen?a1500 bier1513 laystall1527 funeral?a1534 lay-bed1541 restall1557 cellarc1560 burying-grave1599 pit-hole1602 urn1607 cell1609 hearse1610 polyandrum1627 requietory1631 burial-place1633 mortuary1654 narrow cell1686 ground-sweat1699 sacred place1728 narrow house1792 plot1852 narrow bed1854 ?a1534 H. Medwall Nature sig. a.iii I wretched body shall haue my funerall When yt pleaseth thy grace so to prouyde. 1575 R. B. Apius & Virginia sig. Ei Which hast the seede of thine owne lym, thrust forth to funerall. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. v. sig. Q7^v Him deeming dead..[he] Fledd fast away, to tell his funerall Vnto his brother. 1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles viii. 31 He liues to gouerne vs: Or dead, giue's cause to mourne his funerall . View more context for this quotation 1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels II. 316 Those Funerals which come by gentle and leisurely decays. 1729 J. Mitchell Poems Several Occasions II. 81 Incessant! dismal Consort to my Friends, Shou'd any Friends my Funeral survive. 1861 D. Boucicault Octoroon iv. 43 Away with him! put him down the hatch till we rig his funeral. 1899 K. H. Bradley & E. E. Cooper Anna Ruina ii. 51 Name any dragon I can fight, And we will brood upon his funeral. †4. A monument in memory of the dead; a place of burial; a grave. Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > memorial or monument > [noun] > structure or erection markOE monumentc1400 funerala1547 monumentala1687 remain1687 marker1906 a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) iv. sig. F.iii With garlandes, she doth all beset the place, And with grene bows eke crown the funerall. 1563 L. Humphrey Nobles or of Nobilitye sig. e.iii It is counted worshipfull to place them [sc. arms] in theyr housen, stretes, churches, walles, and funeralles. 1591 E. Spenser Ruines of Rome in Complaints 37 Rome now of Rome is th' onely funerall. 1668 J. Denham Poems 140 May he..find his Funeral I' th' Sands, when he before his day shall fall. 5. A procession of people travelling to or from a funeral; a funeral procession. Also formerly in plural in same sense. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] > a funeral > funeral procession convoy1523 funeral1560 death train1775 burial-procession1871 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries xxv. f. ccccxxii^v The residue are discharged, and for the moste part retourned home with the funerall. 1602 S. Patrick tr. J. de Hainault Estate of Church 530 They were constrained to follow the Funeralls of the said Lieftenant slaine, in the habit of Criminalls. a1644 F. Quarles Solomons Recantation (1645) xii. 58 Mourners come to meet Thy tear-bedabled fun'rals in the Street. 1663 J. Heath Flagellum 169 The same silence was kept, as if a Funeral had been en passant. 1704 T. Uvedale Remedy of Love 89 Near to that street through which the Funeral came. 1745 J. Swift Direct. to Servants 79 You are sometimes desirous to see a Funeral..As they pass by in the Street. 1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms ii. 103 A city bell Wailed for a funeral passing to the tomb. 1846 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. in Wks. I. 320/1 There is no funeral so sad to follow as the funeral of our own youth. 1877 W. C. Bryant Among Trees in Poems 45 The funeral goes forth; a silent train Moves slowly from the desolate home. 1905 R. Thirlmere Lett. from Catalonia II. 545 I remember my abuela used to have her bed drawn up to the window when a funeral was passing. 1954 M. H. Bro Indonesia xi. 189 As he had driven into his nearby estate that morning he had met a funeral coming out of his gate. 2009 G. R. Afkhami Life & Times of Shah xxvi. 598 It was a hot summer day, but the funeral moved with pomp and grace. 6. A funeral sermon; an address given to commemorate a dead person; a memorial service. Also formerly in plural in same sense. Also figurative. U.S. in later use. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > religious rites > [noun] > funeral service funeral1621 burial-service1726 dead-office1858 the world > life > death > obsequies > religious rites > [noun] > funeral sermon funeral1621 1621 in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times James I (1848) (modernized text) II. 245 I send you here the funerals of the Bohemian affairs, if that be true which the enclosed reporteth. 1641 J. Trapp Theologia Theol. 193 The fiend..preacht Sauls funerall, as one calls it. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 102 In the absence of Doctor Humfreys designed for that service, M^r. Giles Laurence preached his Funeralls. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Heref. 41 I could learn little from the Minister which preached his funeral. 1791 W. Huntington Funeral of Arminianism To Reader p. vii It is all the fashion, now-a-days, to preach funerals over great bodies. 1853 in N. E. Eliason Tarheel Talk (1956) App. 273 Was her funerald preached at the burying, if not, I would like to know when it will be. 1872 M. S. De Vere Americanisms 238 This led to the custom, still prevailing in densely-settled districts, and especially among the freedmen of the South, to have funerals, i.e. special funeral sermons preached some time after the death of the person. 1905 N.Y. Evening Post. 9 Mar. 8 An official funeral will be held in the Senate chamber to-morrow at two o'clock, and the body will be taken to Tennessee to-morrow evening. 1922 M. B. Houston Witch Man xi. 131 The cemetery to which Wilda had fared as much as twice for many of the graves within it, first when the sleeper was laid there and later—sometimes there was the lapse of a year—when his funeral was preached. 1996 News Herald (Panama City, Florida) 3 Feb. b1/4 Hutchison preached the funeral of the woman who owned the building. Phrases P1. With possessive adjective. a. U.S. colloquial. In negative constructions. A matter or thing which one has the right to meddle with, involve oneself in, express an opinion on, etc.; one's business. Chiefly in none of your (our, etc.) funeral: no affair of yours (ours, etc.), nothing to do with you (us, etc.). Now rare.In quot. 1850 in the context of a literal funeral; cf. none of at none pron. 3c. ΚΠ 1850 Miami County (Indiana) Sentinel 15 Aug. 1/2 A queer remark was made by an urchin of five years, who had lost a sister by death to a neighbor who was attending a funeral, ‘What are you crying for?’ said the little fellow to the latter, who was weeping, ‘'tis none of your funeral.’ 1854 Wisconsin State Jrnl. 13 Mar. This is none of our funeral, but it appears that Mr. Noonan has been weighed by ‘the balance’ and found wanting. 1870 Congress. Globe 12 Apr. 2780/3 Mr. Painter then addressing you said, ‘This is not my funeral.’ 1889 W. Whitman Let. 5 July in Corr. (1969) IV. 354 [The book] is to be frontispieced by a photo (wh' I do not like but the others do, & this is not my funeral) of Morse's bust (wh' I do like). 1895 Cent. Mag. Sept. 674/1 We don't know for certain it was them, and it's none of our funeral, anyhow. 1944 Bluefield (W. Va.) Daily Tel. 23 Sept. 3/4 It is none of your funeral whether this man is happily married or not. 1972 Albany (Texas) News 9 Mar. It is ‘none of our funeral’, therefore we deem it best to say nothing. b. colloquial (originally U.S.). your (his, her, etc.) funeral: your (his, her, etc.) affair or concern. Chiefly used, esp. in it's your funeral, to warn someone that an unwise act or decision is his or her responsibility. ΚΠ 1908 S. E. White Riverman vii. 60 However, it's your funeral. Come on, if you want to. 1921 A. S. M. Hutchinson If Winter Comes iv. i. 254 However his wife was his funeral, not mine, and I said nothing. 1930 D. L. Sayers & ‘R. Eustace’ Documents in Case 72 But how he can ever imagine that it will sell... But that's his funeral. 1952 G. W. Brace Spire (1953) xii. 114 I refuse to involve myself. It is your problem and your funeral. 1992 S. Birdsell Chrome Suite ii. x. 199 ‘You're not going to go out with him, are you?.. It's your funeral.’ 2004 Iowa Rev. 34 163 ‘It's your funeral,’ I say, and wish I hadn't. P2. U.S. colloquial. two-car funeral and variants: used as the type of an event that is simple to plan and organize, in phrases indicating that someone is incompetent or disorganized, as couldn't organize a two-car funeral, would screw up a two-car funeral, etc.Also occasionally as one-car funeral. ΚΠ 1961 Delaware County (Pa.) Daily Times 27 Mar. 12/1 Stuart is the only guy I know who could foul up a two-car funeral. 1968 Valley Independent (Monessen, Pa.) 22 May 12/3 Alas, the world is full of bunglers. Some of them are so good they can even mess up a one-car funeral. 1971 Appleton (Wisconsin) Post Crescent 2 Feb. 23/4 The Saigon government at that point could not organize a two-car funeral. 1991 N.Y. Times Mag. 27 Oct. 36/2 Federal banking regulators are ‘a bunch of turkeys’, he announces. ‘Those guys could screw up a two-car funeral procession.’ 2006 R. Chandrasekaran Imperial Life in Emerald City (2007) ii. 37 The State people began to joke that Mobbs couldn't organize a two-car funeral. Compounds C1. a. General attributive with the sense ‘of or relating to a funeral or the commemoration of the dead’, as funeral arrangements, funeral boat, funeral ceremony, funeral dirge, funeral expenses, funeral oration, funeral sermon, etc.In early use funeral may be an adjective rather than an attributive use of the noun. See sense A. 1. ΚΠ 1529 T. More Supplyc. Soulys ii. f. xxxv There were in the funerall seruyce at the beryeng of the corps, the self same psalmes songen. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. M1 Is it not lawfull for him to take monie in his cure for preaching funerall sermons? 1601 J. Weever Mirror of Martyrs sig. Dvj^v My Swans last funerall dirgee to the king. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) ii. v. 117 My sighing brest, shall be thy Funerall bell. View more context for this quotation 1620 W. Adams Will 16 May in A. Farrington Eng. Factory in Japan (1991) I. 795 And after my debts payed & my funerall expences performed, I will that my monney, goods and debts shalbe devided. 1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 76 You have had the pleasure to heare your owne Funerall Oration. 1707 Earl of Bindon in London Gaz. No. 4339/3 Divers Abuses..have been committed..by Painters, Funeral-Undertakers. 1768 H. Walpole Let. 16 Apr. in Corr. (1937) I. 134 That arch-rogue preached lately a funeral sermon on one Gibson hanged for forgery. 1832 E. Ind. Sketch Bk. II. 124 I watched the funeral-party as they stood..in all the pride of their military array. 1843 S. C. Hall & A. M. Hall Ireland III. 187 And all in that funeral-boat repeated ‘why—why—why’. 1856 C. F. Alexander Burial of Moses in Dublin Univ. Mag. Apr. 462 But when the warrior dieth, His comrades in the war, With arms reversed and muffl'd drum, Follow the funeral car. 1884 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (1886) Funeral-cakes, long, narrow, sponge cakes used at funerals. 1884 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (1886) Funeral cups, drinking vessels used at funerals. 1961 B. Pym No Fond Return of Love xxiii. 227 We all got together over the funeral baked meats. You know, a glass or two of really good sherry works wonders on these occasions. 1987 A. Wiseman Mem. of Bk. Molesting Childhood 178 After death, as I have said, begins the busy part. Notifications, funeral arrangements, choosing the casket. 2015 Church Times 9 Oct. 3/3 Clergy are being urged to talk about funeral costs during their pastoral visits to grieving families. b. funeral cortège n. ΚΠ 1821 Observer of Times (London) 22 Apr. The funeral cortege had taken the route to Pere le Chaise, when some of the friends of the deceased becoming indignant, insisted upon the body being carried back to the church. 1989 New Yorker 5 June 94/1 Some..trudged off like mourners in a funeral cortège. 2005 Kerryman 11 Aug. 6/3 The funeral cortege made its way through the village and up towards Holy Cross Cemetery. funeral elegy n. ΚΠ 1610 J. Mason Turke iii. iv. sig. H3 Like the dying swan, would I might sing A funerall elegy to my parting soule. 1763 J. Macpherson Temora ii. 26 (Argument) Cathmor obtains a promise from Ossian, to order a funeral elegy to be sung over the grave of Cairbar. 1833 Monthly Rev. Mar. 347 A funeral elegy on the degraded state of our once flourishing Channel Fisheries. 1979 D. Thomas Swinburne ix. 181 One of Swinburne's..responses to his father's death was to compose a pious funeral elegy, ‘Inferiae’. 2001 J. C. Shields Amer. Aeneas ii. iv. 131 Early American poets of pastoral elegies and funeral elegies were self-consciously engaged with the task of preserving the past. funeral mass n. ΚΠ 1537 H. Monmouth Will in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1822) I. ii. App. xc. 370 I wyl have no mo Preestes and Clerks at my funeral mass, than do serve dayly in our parysh church. 1783 Monthly Rev. Aug. 163 The Author before us, instead of contenting himself with saying a funeral mass, and singing their requiem, takes them out of their coffins, and kills them anew. 2006 D. Max Family that couldn't Sleep (2007) iv. xv. 248 They placed an offering jar outside the church where the funeral mass was said. funeral ode n. ΚΠ 1618 R. Brathwait Good Wife sig. G8^v (heading) A funerall Ode. 1852 Tait's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 751/1 The Laureate stepped forth with his Funeral Ode... Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington. 2005 D. R. Slavitt Re Verse i. 18 I should probably have glossed ‘epicede’, the Anglican form of ‘epicedium’, a funeral ode. funeral procession n. ΚΠ 1634 Hist. Present Warres Germany iii. 32 Writings..mentioning among the rest, the spectacles of seuerall dead carcasses and funerall processions. 1845 J. Kitto Cycl. Biblical Lit. I. at Burial In the splendid funeral procession of Herod, 500 of his servants attended as spice-bearers. 2015 Southern Q. 53 27 The music, the refreshments, the flowers, the expensive coffin, and the cars involved in the funeral procession after the ceremony are all elements of the modern funeral. funeral rite n. ΚΠ 1568 Bible (Bishops') Gen. l. (heading) Funeral rites are celebrate for Iacob. 1764 R. Griffith Triumvirate II. cxliii. 157 He..immediately instituted the above funeral rite to her memory, to be performed weekly, on her death-day. 1872 Lambeth Rev. Mar. 118 Something is being done in many quarters in the way of un-Paganizing our funeral rites, which..are simply a disgrace to a Christian nation. 1996 R. Mistry Fine Balance (1997) xiv. 504 It was all waiting at the cremation site, along with a well-qualified mahapaatra to perform the funeral rites. funeral service n. ΚΠ 1529 T. More Supplyc. Soulys ii. f. xxxv There were in the funerall seruyce at the beryeng of the corps, the self same psalmes songen. 1797 A. Radcliffe Italian I. vi. 139 She repaired first to the convent, to attend the funeral service. 1885 Times 29 July 10/3 A memorial service for General Grant will be held in Westminster Abbey..simultaneously with the funeral service at Mount Macgregor in America. 2006 Vanity Fair Jan. 90 Her funeral service..was a starry affair. funeral wreath n. ΚΠ 1605 M. Drayton Poems sig. Gg8 With funerall wreathes incompassing his browes. 1753 A. Strahan tr. Virgil First Six Bks. Æneid iii. 99 Upon the Hill we heap'd Vast Loads of Earth, and to his Manes rear'd Altars, with funeral Wreaths and Cypress black. 1815 Monthly Mag. 1 June 429/1 A shroud infolds the lovely form, A funeral wreath the auburn hair. 1968 E. Buckler Ox Bells & Fireflies 268 When someone died it was always hotly argued whether or not two dollars should be taken from the Mite Box fund to buy a funeral wreath. 2001 E. Grossman tr. M. V. Llosa Feast of Goat (2003) 101 [His] funeral wreath of fresh, fragrant flowers was the most elaborate in the viewing room at the mortuary. C2. funeral-ale n. (in Scandinavian history and legend) a funeral feast; ale drunk at such a feast; cf. ale n. 2 and arval n. 1. [Partly after Danish †graverøl, lit. ‘grave ale’ (18th cent.; now gravøl ; probably < Norwegian gravarøl < Old Icelandic grafar , genitive singular of grǫf grave n.¹ + ǫl ale n.), and partly (in later use) after the Scandinavian compounds cited at arval n.] ΚΠ 1817 A. A. Feldborg tr. G. L. Baden in tr. G. L. Baden & Baron Holberg Hist. Norway 78 The feast of the funeral-ale (graveröl) was most particularly required to be celebrated in the manner most consistent with the fortune of the deceased. 1839 G. Pigott Man. Scand. Mythol. App. 328 He caused the funeral-ale to be drunk for the dead. 1875 Edinb. Rev. July 208 It is far more likely..that the vow was made at his [sc. Harold Harfagr's] father's funeral-ale. 2012 M. Whiting Shieldmaiden v. 214 He was my karl, he saved my life and I owe him a proper funeral-ale. funeral biscuit n. British (now historical) a biscuit served at a wake or funeral.Funeral biscuits were typically sponge fingers or shortbread flavoured with caraway and stamped with a design. They were often wrapped in paper with a black seal and distributed to mourners or sent to those who had been unable to attend the funeral. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > biscuit > [noun] > other biscuits dorcake14.. cracknelc1440 hard breada1500 crackling1598 Naples biscuit1650 gingerbread man1686 chocolate biscuit1702 biscotin1723 sponge biscuit1736 maple biscuita1753 butter biscuit1758 nut1775 Oliver biscuit1786 funeral biscuit1790 rock biscuit?1790 ratafia1801 finger biscuit1812 Savoy drop1816 lady's finger1818 snap1819 Abernethy1830 pretzel1831 wine-biscuit1834 gingersnap1838 captain's biscuit1843 lebkuchen1847 simnel1854 sugar cookie1854 peppernut1862 McClellan pie1863 Savoy ring1866 Brown George1867 beaten biscuit1876 digestive1876 Osborne1876 Bath Oliver1878 marie1878 boer biscuit1882 charcoal biscuit1885 biscotti1886 fairing1888 snickerdoodle1889 pfeffernuss1891 zwieback1894 Nice1895 Garibaldi biscuit1896 Oswegoc1900 squashed fly1900 amaretto1905 boerebeskuit1905 Romary1905 petit beurre1906 Oswego biscuit1907 soetkoekie1910 Oreo1912 custard cream1916 Anzac1923 sweet biscuit1929 langue de chat1931 Bourbon biscuit1932 Afghan1934 flapjack1935 Florentine1936 chocolate chip cookie1938 choc chip cookie1940 Toll House cookie1940 tuile1943 pizzelle1949 black and white1967 Romany Cream1970 papri1978 1790 Gentleman's Mag. Feb. 118/2 In passing through the street of Knaresborough, I observed on a window the following advertisement: ‘Funeral Biscuits sold here.’ And it is, it seems, the custom, at the funerals of the middling and lower class of people, to provide a kind of sugared biscuit, which are wrapt up, generally two of them together, in a sheet of white paper, sealed with black wax, and thus presented to each person attending the funeral. 1811 Derby Mercury 16 May (advt.) Funeral Biscuits and Cakes on the shortest possible Notice. 1829 G. Oliver Hist. & Antiq. Beverley iv. iii. 499 A scarf of black crape was formally appended to each bee-hive; and an offering of pounded funeral biscuit soaked in wine was placed at its entrance. 1884 Contemp. Rev. Aug. 329 ‘Funeral biscuits’ are baked expressly for those who visit the house on the day of interment. 1956 W. M. Williams Sociol. Eng. Village iii. 67 Ivverbody sits down to plenty o' food, wid rum butter and funeral biscuits, and plenty to drink. 2016 Huddersfield Daily Examiner (Nexis) 7 Nov. 27 Joseph and Eleanor started their business catering primarily for Victorian family occasions producing wedding cakes and funeral biscuits. funeral column n. a column which serves as a memorial to the dead, esp. one marking a place of burial. ΚΠ 1730 E. Oakley Mag. Archit., Perspective, & Sculpt. ii. 72 This Plate contains various Designs of Pedestals..; the first Five are for Figures sitting or standing; 6 and 8 for Funeral Columns. 1838 Gentleman's Mag. Apr. 240/1 They proceeded together to a cemetery which was formerly that of the Moors. Here and there were still to be seen little funeral columns. 1998 Jrnl. World Hist. 9 163 The Punan Ba adorned their carved funeral columns with porcelain to celebrate the heroic loss of fellow warriors. funeral directing n. originally U.S. the business or profession of making arrangements for funerals; the work of a funeral director. ΚΠ 1885 Evening Gaz. (Cedar Rapids, Iowa) 3 July He also gives particular attention to undertaking and funeral directing. 1965 Calif. Law Rev. 53 501 Samson..pioneered in joining the role of embalmer with funeral directing. 2010 C. Cowling Good Funeral Guide xxxiii. 134 The business of funeral directing in the UK is not, for the most part, corrupt, exploitative or incompetent. funeral director n. a person whose business is making arrangements for funerals; an undertaker. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > people involved in funeral > [noun] > undertaker undertaker1698 upholder1709 death-hunter1723 black master1823 funeral director1834 mortician1895 black man1927 thanatologist1972 1834 Scotsman 19 Mar. Association of Funeral Directors.—An association was formed in Glasgow last week, for the purpose of conducting funerals upon more moderate rates of charges. 1886 J. A. Porter New Standard Guide Washington 178 General Furnishing Undertaker and Funeral Director. 1964 Eng. Stud. 45 (Suppl.) 23 Britain's 4,400 undertakers, or funeral directors, as they prefer to call themselves. 2013 S. T. Smith When your Friend Dies 29 The funeral director was aghast. funeral home n. originally U.S. an establishment which offers various undertaking services, including preparation of the body for burial or cremation and provision of rooms for viewings and funeral services; a funeral parlour. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > other types of shop show shop1787 lock-up shop1795 cash-store1811 boat shop1813 slaughter shop1841 slaughterhouse1851 ticket-shop1851 charity shop1853 magic shop1853 company store1872 Army and Navy1878 five-and-ten1880 farthing-shop1889 funeral home1895 goodwill1916 shop-within-(a)-shop1916 cash and carry1917 Piggly Wiggly1917 poverty shop1948 discount house1949 anchor1960 box store1976 mom-and-pop1976 op shop1978 duty-free1980 pound shop1983 pop-up2000 1895 Daily Picayune (New Orleans) 13 Nov. 4/7 The members..are hereby notified to meet at the funeral home. 1918 Bloomington (Indiana) Evening World 22 June 1/4 Bloomington now boasts of one of the most modern funeral homes in the state. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 53/5 (advt.) Hallowell Funeral Home. 2008 J. Hayes Precious Blood 60 Mr Delore was on the phone, laptop open, jotting down addresses and times as he spoke with a funeral home. funeral honours n. (also funeral honour) the observances of respect usual at a funeral; cf. last honours n. at last adv., adj., and n.⁴ Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] officec1300 exequy1382 obsequyc1385 exequy1389 mortuaryc1450 funeral1513 obit1525 funeral honoursa1535 last offices1535 justments1648 pompe funèbre1934 a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 35/1 This noble Prince..with greate funerall honoure..was entered at Windesor. ?1571 tr. G. Buchanan Detectioun Marie Quene of Scottes sig. E.ij^v Sodenly, without any funerall honor, in the night tyme, by commoun carriers of dead bodies, vpon a vile beere, she causit hym to be buryed hard by Dauid Rizo. 1621 P. Scot Table-bk. for Princes xxv. 209 Let such Critickes who condemne mourning sermons, and funeral honours to the praise of the faithfull departed; consider that ignorance or singularity is the mother of their errour. 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. II. 315 They were equal as to fame and funeral honours. 1916 Unpopular Rev. Oct. 441 Denunciation of authorities who permit, in tradition, true blue British tars to do funeral honor to the commander of an enemy's warship. 1944 Times 8 May 3/4 The decree..ordered funeral honours corresponding to that accorded a lieutenant-general. 2006 J. Lynch Simón Bolívar xii. 300 Amidst exuberant funeral honours the body was followed in procession by leaders of the government. funeral march n. a slow solemn march (march n.⁵ 6) played at a funeral; also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > [noun] > a funeral > funeral procession > music accompanying dead march1603 funeral march1633 society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > type of piece > [noun] > march march1588 dead march1603 funeral march1633 death march1762 quickstepc1790 quick march1791 wedding-march1850 1633 Costlie Whore v. sig. H What second funerall march is that I heare? 1799 R. Southey in Ann. Anthol. 1 269 It is the funeral march... Hark! from the blacken'd cymbal that dead tone. 1838 H. W. Longfellow Psalm of Life in Knickerbocker Sept. 189 Our hearts..Still, like muffled drums, are beating Funeral marches to the grave. 2015 Church Times 18 Sept. 28/2 The funeral march was grand without being grandiose. funeral pall n. a cloth used to cover a coffin; also figurative. ΚΠ 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. ix. sig. N.i Thei..frame as it ware a Cielyng, whiche thei couer with a funeralle palle. 1827 R. Pollok Course of Time II. ix. 216 Thousands more, that sleep Forgotten beneath the funeral pall of Time. 2012 Brit. Art Jrnl. Autumn 109/1 Sekers wove a fabric for the funeral pall of Leonard Messel, who died in the same year. funeral parlour n. originally U.S. an establishment which offers various undertaking services, including preparation of the body for burial or cremation and provision of rooms for viewings and funeral services. ΚΠ 1882 St. Louis (Missouri) Globe-Democrat 16 Aug. 5/4 The funeral will take place from Lynch's funeral parlors. 1927 Sat. Evening Post 12 Mar. 6/3 Rows of wooden folding chairs, often rented from funeral parlors. 1938 W. H. Auden & C. Isherwood On Frontier i. i. 24 Our doctors will see to your health, and our funeral parlours will bury you. 2003 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 26 Jan. 59/5 One determined chappie slapped a parking ticket on a hearse waiting outside a funeral parlour in Edinburgh. funeral pile n. a pile of wood or other combustible material, used for the ritual burning of a dead body; a funeral pyre. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > cremation > [noun] > pile or pyre adeOE fireeOE baleOE pile1531 stacka1547 funeral pile1555 roge1559 fire pile1577 pyre1638 funeral pyre1658 death pile1791 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. viii. sig. M.ii^v She..getteth her vp vpon the funeralle pyle, wher her housebandes corps lieth ready to be brente. 1768 T. Gray Descent of Odin in Poems 93 Hoder's corse..Flaming on the fun'ral pile. 2005 Lat. Amer. Antiq. 16 339/1 Layers of straw were placed between, around, and over the corpse to facilitate the combustion of this funeral pile. funeral plan n. Insurance a scheme for making regular contributions towards the payment for one's own funeral. ΚΠ 1928 Anaconda (Montana) Standard 22 Apr. 8/1 (advt.) Our Certificate Plan Is the Fair-Price Funeral Plan. 1989 Weekly World News 19 Dec. 20 The Pre-Arrangement Association, a nationwide organization dedicated to selling funeral plans on the basis of buy now, die later. 2004 M. V. Goudge Choosing Care Home ii.19 They may have contributed to a funeral plan, in which the funeral is wholly or partly paid for. funeral pot n. a pot used during a funeral or as part of a funeral ceremony, spec. one used to hold the ashes of a cremated body; a funeral urn. ΚΠ 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 408 Those..in their way as they past, came..to touche the funerall pot of his ashes. 1783 H. Swinburne Trav. in Two Sicilies I. 195 Chance has brought to light great quantities of funeral pots. 1999 T. Kirkwood Time of our Lives (2000) i. 9 There are even special funeral pots of baked clay on sale in the markets, just to hold all the extra food and millet beer. 2004 Washington Post (Nexis) 15 Mar. a2 Ancient funeral pots can fetch as much as $60,000 on the black market. funeral pyre n. a pile of wood or other combustible material, used for the ritual burning of a dead body; frequently figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > cremation > [noun] > pile or pyre adeOE fireeOE baleOE pile1531 stacka1547 funeral pile1555 roge1559 fire pile1577 pyre1638 funeral pyre1658 death pile1791 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall Ep. Ded. sig. A2 The Funerall pyre was out, and the last valediction over. 1871 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 9 Dec. 679/1 Its crowded wards could not fail to become the funeral pyres of most of the wretched occupants. 1994 J. Cohen & I. Stewart Collapse of Chaos iii. 68 [They] wrote a letter to the journal Nature that lit the funeral pyre of any explanation of biological development not founded in chemistry. 2002 N. Walker Blackbox (2003) 348 The practice of suttee required a woman to follow her deceased husband to his funeral pyre. funeral ring n. now historical a ring worn in memory of someone who has died; a mourning ring. ΚΠ 1663 G. Oldisworth Stone rolled Away 388 Therefore as She, in her Funeral Rings Posie, saith, I am not lost, but gone before. 1683 London Gaz. No. 1789/4 All Persons who shall have occasion for Funeral Rings for time to come. 1832 Preston Chron. & Lancs. Advertiser 22 Sept. A singularly engraved and antique funeral ring. 2012 William & Mary Q. 69 307 Unlike some other aspects of the period's mourning rituals—black veils or funeral rings bearing words or images—gloves seem mute. funeral toll n. the tolling of a bell in memory of someone who has died; an instance of this. ΚΠ 1804 J. Grahame Sabbath 191 The funeral-toll, announces solemnly The service of the tomb. 1910 Times 9 May 9/1 This morning..all the bells in the diocese will ring a funeral toll, and on the day of the funeral a great religious ceremony will take place in the Cathedral. 2013 D. Smith Red Winter 224 In the church tower, the bell began to ring. Slow and baleful, it was more like a funeral toll than a warning. funeral urn n. an urn used to hold the ashes of a cremated body. ΚΠ 1633 J. Ford Broken Heart v. ii. sig. K2^v His funerall vrneShall be my charge. 1818 Champion & Sunday Rev. 19 Apr. 253/2 In the interior were found eight funeral urns. 2012 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 9 Apr. 13 There were also ashes and a funeral urn left on a window sill at Peterborough Travelodge. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). funeralv. Brit. /ˈfjuːn(ə)rəl/, /ˈfjuːn(ə)rl̩/, U.S. /ˈfjun(ə)rəl/ Forms: see funeral adj. and n. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: funeral n. Etymology: < funeral n. 1. transitive. To bury (a person) with funeral rites; to hold a funeral for (a person). U.S. in later use. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > bury or entomb [verb (transitive)] bedelveOE begraveOE burya1000 beburyc1000 bifel-ec1000 layc1000 to fall, lull, lay (bring obs.) asleepOE tombc1275 gravec1300 inter1303 rekec1330 to lap in leadc1340 to lay to rest, abed, to bed1340 lie1387 to louk in clay (lead, etc.)?a1400 to lay lowa1425 earthc1450 sepulture1490 to put awaya1500 tyrea1500 mould1530 to graith in the grave1535 ingrave1535 intumulate1535 sepult1544 intumil?c1550 yird1562 shrinea1566 infera1575 entomb1576 sepelite1577 shroud1577 funeral1578 to load with earth1578 delve1587 to lay up1591 sepulchrize1595 pit-hole1607 infuneral1610 mool1610 inhumate1612 inurna1616 inhume1616 pit1621 tumulate1623 sepulchrea1626 turf1628 underlay1639 urna1657 to lay to sleep, asleep1701 envaulta1745 plant1785 ensepulchre1820 sheugh1839 to put under1879 to lay away1885 1578 W. Hunnis Hyue Full of Hunnye (xlix.) f. 129^v The Purchase of the Field and Caue and all that therein stoode, Of Heth his Children purchas'de was, to Funerall the good. 1840 Hawkwood II. xii. 289 I saw thee laid there thirty years ago, coffinned and funeralled as became thy birth, yet hast thou burst thy cerements to come and mock me? 1872 Atlanta (Georgia) Daily Sun 20 Feb. 14 whites and 40 blacks were funeraled in Athens last year. 1959 A. Sexton Let. 9 June in Self-portrait in Lett. (2004) i. 81 So now he is funeraled, cremated, and I have no parents left to run away to Calif. from. 2001 R. Morgan This Rock (2002) xvi. 183 I wouldn't want ole Hicks to be funeraled without a toast. †2. transitive. to funeral it: to mourn for the dead. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1641 R. Harris Abners Funerall 1 'Tis an hard thing to Funerall it well..God..helps us here by David. He has the art of mourning. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.c1405v.1578
随便看	to hold a person scoreless to hold a person tack to hold a person tack to tack to hold a person upon the inturn to hold a person wag to hold a person's feet to the fire to hold a pistol at a person's head to hold a pistol at head to hold a pistol to a person's head to hold a pistol to head to hold a school to hold a shop to hold a spurn to hold a stop in to hold a taper to the devil to hold a team scoreless to hold a thing in contempt to hold a thing in etc reverence to hold a thing in great reverence to hold a thing in reverence to hold a thing in the palm of one's hand to hold a thing responsible to hold a way to hold aback to hold all the aces

funeraladj.n.

Phrases

Compounds

funeralv.