front endn.

/ˌfrʌnt ˈɛnd/attributive./ˈfrʌntɛnd/

Etymology: < front n. (and adj.) + end n.

1. Electronics. The part of a radio or television receiver to which the aerial signal goes first; esp. the tuner, local oscillator, and mixer of a superheterodyne.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > radio set > receiver > parts of

coherer1894

radioconductor1897

barretter1903

cat's whisker1915

dial1922

radio dial1922

chassis1931

front end1938

1938 G. E. Sterling Radio Man. (ed. 3) iv. 171 Thus improved ‘front end’ selectivity is indicated, and while this can be provided by merely adding more front-end tuned circuits, such a procedure wastes some of the wanted signal.

1956 Proc. IRE 44 1871/2 Fig. 30 is a simplified diagram of the uhf front end.

1970 J. Earl How to choose Tuners & Amplifiers ii. 32 The f.m. front-end determines the noise performance of the tuner and to some extent determines the sensitivity.

1980 Philips Technical Rev. XXXIX. 260/1 The function of the receiver front-end is to pick up the 12 GHz signal from space..and to convert it into a signal at a lower frequency which can be subjected to a conversion from the frequency modulation of the satellite signal into the standard television signal.

2. The forward part of a motor vehicle or railway train. colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > train > front part of

head end1895

front end1954

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > body or bodywork > front part

front end1954

snoot1977

1954 Amer. Speech 29 96 Dropped front end, a front-end suspension whereby the front of the vehicle sits lower than..on the ‘stock’ model.

1970 Toronto Daily Star 24 Sept. 12/5 Mediators reported acceptance in principle of a plan to combine the job of firemen with front-end brakemen..on diesel freight locomotives.

1986 Truck July 8/2 A new 7·5 tonne front axle..gives very generous front end capacity.

3. attributive (usually with hyphen). Originally U.S. Designating money paid or charged at the beginning of a transaction, esp. as front-end charge, front-end fee; (also) of transactions which involve such arrangements; front-end load n. (also front-end loading) the practice or result of arranging the repayments of a loan so that service charges and other fees relating to the whole period of the loan are recovered in the early payments.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > borrowing money > [noun] > arranging of loans > arrangement of loan repayment

front-end load1962

1962 Wall St. Jrnl. 14 May 26/1 Under the so-called ‘front-end load’ system, a mutual fund concentrates its service charges for the entire contractual term into the opening years of the contract.

1970 Times 12 Feb. 24/1 He also criticized ‘front-end loading’ in the form of substantial legal, survey and administration fees.

1972 Real Estate Rev. Winter 21/1 The reasons for this phenomenal growth were manifold. Chief among them were that..condominium development required minimum front-end capital from the developer.

1977 Time (Atlantic ed.) 5 Sept. 49/3 Smaller banks rushed to make loans to Turkey because they could charge ‘front-end’ fees of 6% to 10% in addition to high regular interest rates.

1983 Times 23 July 13/6 Annual management charges..are between ½ and 1 per cent for the single currency funds. There is no ‘front-end load’.

1985 Times 9 Mar. 14 Why pay the five per cent front end charge, plus an annual management charge for something you can do yourself.

a. An electronic device or computer system that supplies input or provides access to another device; the part of a computer system that a user deals with directly; spec. (in full front-end processor), a computer that processes or routes input for a central computer, e.g. in a multi-terminal system. Usually attributive, as front-end machine, front-end system, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > network > [noun] > front-end

front end1971

1971 N. Chapin Computers xii. 313 Some subcenters are sufficiently extensive to be substantially free-standing complete computers, as suggested by the names given some types, such as peripheral or front-end processors.

1972 Sci. Amer. Sept. 126 The role of the communication-control unit varies with the system. It can act essentially as a computer and perform several functions, including routing commands and messages, checking errors and converting one data format to another. The unit is often called a front-end processor.

1975 Nature 16 Oct. 559/2 If that mini can also be connected in to a large mainframe computer as a ‘front-end machine’, then the tasks which can be carried out (particularly ‘number crunching’) can be that much more sophisticated and complex.

1976 Proc. 1975 IFAC-IFIP Workshop Real-Time Programming 165/1 The logical restructuring of the network which will accompany the replacement of the existing front-end by a twin-processor Interdata 85 system is described.

1979 J. E. Rowley Mechanised In-house Information Syst. i. 66 A minicomputer can be used in any one of the following three modes: a) in a stand-alone system..b) in a front-end system, where the minicomputer exerts control over the communications between several remote terminals and the main frame computer; and c) as part of a network.

1981 Electronics 24 Mar. 175/1 Designed primarily as a front-end system for a 32- or 48-channel logic analyzer, it can also operate as a stand-alone emulator.

1981 ABA Banking Jrnl. May 61/2 Virtually all major brokers have automated their order entry process. Many have also developed the ability to interface these front-end systems with clearing banks.

1983 Austral. Microcomputer Mag. Nov. 45/1 The university computering services centre..has..models from the PDP-11/40 to 11/70 as front ends to the larger processors.

1986 Pract. Computing Oct. 107/1 There are no trimmings in the form of a neat front end, and a proper menu and linking arrangement would much improve the package.

b. attributive (usually with hyphen). Involving direct computer input by a journalist, cashier, etc., as a work activity otherwise done at a later stage.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > network > [adjective] > front-end

front end1976

society > occupation and work > work > [adjective] > other types of work

gentlea1425

rurala1500

jobbing1705

universal1706

non-paying1843

sweated1883

unfair1886

direct1922

entry-level1949

sidebar1952

front end1976

intrapreneurial1978

1976 National Observer (U.S.) 19 June 11/1 Fifty-four U.S. supermarkets now use the UPC technology, which is variously called ‘computer assisted check-out’, ‘electronic front-end check-out’ or ‘front-end automation’.

1979 Spectator 27 Oct. 3/1 The critical issue is ‘front-end’ setting, or ‘single-keystroking’, that is whether journalists and advertising clerks should be able to set copy directly, rather than type it for re-setting by a printer.

1980 Times 26 June 2/2 The agreement excluded new technology typesetting, known as front-end system, for at least three years.

Compounds

Special combinations.

front end loader n. a tractor or haulage vehicle which has a shovelling or loading implement attached to the front.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > other vehicles according to specific use > [noun] > for drawing a load > specific powered > with loading implement at front

front end loader1959

1959 C. Ogburn Marauders (1960) iii. 92 Bulldozers, power shovels, earth-movers and front-end loaders.

1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 8 Mar. 76/3 They had mounted a cutter-bar driven by hydraulic motor, on to a tractor front-end loader.

1969 Jane's Freight Containers 1968–9 83/2 Stevedoring contractors' equipment at Port Brownsville includes approximately..14 front end bulk loaders, [etc.].

1986 New Yorker 17 Mar. 55/1 Men ‘muck it out’ with front-end loaders.

front-end processor n. see sense 4 above.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1989; most recently modified version published online December 2019).

单词	front end
释义	front endn. /ˌfrʌnt ˈɛnd/attributive./ˈfrʌntɛnd/ Etymology: < front n. (and adj.) + end n. 1. Electronics. The part of a radio or television receiver to which the aerial signal goes first; esp. the tuner, local oscillator, and mixer of a superheterodyne. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > radio set > receiver > parts of coherer1894 radioconductor1897 barretter1903 cat's whisker1915 dial1922 radio dial1922 chassis1931 front end1938 1938 G. E. Sterling Radio Man. (ed. 3) iv. 171 Thus improved ‘front end’ selectivity is indicated, and while this can be provided by merely adding more front-end tuned circuits, such a procedure wastes some of the wanted signal. 1956 Proc. IRE 44 1871/2 Fig. 30 is a simplified diagram of the uhf front end. 1970 J. Earl How to choose Tuners & Amplifiers ii. 32 The f.m. front-end determines the noise performance of the tuner and to some extent determines the sensitivity. 1980 Philips Technical Rev. XXXIX. 260/1 The function of the receiver front-end is to pick up the 12 GHz signal from space..and to convert it into a signal at a lower frequency which can be subjected to a conversion from the frequency modulation of the satellite signal into the standard television signal. 2. The forward part of a motor vehicle or railway train. colloquial. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > train > front part of head end1895 front end1954 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > body or bodywork > front part front end1954 snoot1977 1954 Amer. Speech 29 96 Dropped front end, a front-end suspension whereby the front of the vehicle sits lower than..on the ‘stock’ model. 1970 Toronto Daily Star 24 Sept. 12/5 Mediators reported acceptance in principle of a plan to combine the job of firemen with front-end brakemen..on diesel freight locomotives. 1986 Truck July 8/2 A new 7·5 tonne front axle..gives very generous front end capacity. 3. attributive (usually with hyphen). Originally U.S. Designating money paid or charged at the beginning of a transaction, esp. as front-end charge, front-end fee; (also) of transactions which involve such arrangements; front-end load n. (also front-end loading) the practice or result of arranging the repayments of a loan so that service charges and other fees relating to the whole period of the loan are recovered in the early payments. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > borrowing money > [noun] > arranging of loans > arrangement of loan repayment front-end load1962 1962 Wall St. Jrnl. 14 May 26/1 Under the so-called ‘front-end load’ system, a mutual fund concentrates its service charges for the entire contractual term into the opening years of the contract. 1970 Times 12 Feb. 24/1 He also criticized ‘front-end loading’ in the form of substantial legal, survey and administration fees. 1972 Real Estate Rev. Winter 21/1 The reasons for this phenomenal growth were manifold. Chief among them were that..condominium development required minimum front-end capital from the developer. 1977 Time (Atlantic ed.) 5 Sept. 49/3 Smaller banks rushed to make loans to Turkey because they could charge ‘front-end’ fees of 6% to 10% in addition to high regular interest rates. 1983 Times 23 July 13/6 Annual management charges..are between ½ and 1 per cent for the single currency funds. There is no ‘front-end load’. 1985 Times 9 Mar. 14 Why pay the five per cent front end charge, plus an annual management charge for something you can do yourself. 4. a. An electronic device or computer system that supplies input or provides access to another device; the part of a computer system that a user deals with directly; spec. (in full front-end processor), a computer that processes or routes input for a central computer, e.g. in a multi-terminal system. Usually attributive, as front-end machine, front-end system, etc. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > network > [noun] > front-end front end1971 1971 N. Chapin Computers xii. 313 Some subcenters are sufficiently extensive to be substantially free-standing complete computers, as suggested by the names given some types, such as peripheral or front-end processors. 1972 Sci. Amer. Sept. 126 The role of the communication-control unit varies with the system. It can act essentially as a computer and perform several functions, including routing commands and messages, checking errors and converting one data format to another. The unit is often called a front-end processor. 1975 Nature 16 Oct. 559/2 If that mini can also be connected in to a large mainframe computer as a ‘front-end machine’, then the tasks which can be carried out (particularly ‘number crunching’) can be that much more sophisticated and complex. 1976 Proc. 1975 IFAC-IFIP Workshop Real-Time Programming 165/1 The logical restructuring of the network which will accompany the replacement of the existing front-end by a twin-processor Interdata 85 system is described. 1979 J. E. Rowley Mechanised In-house Information Syst. i. 66 A minicomputer can be used in any one of the following three modes: a) in a stand-alone system..b) in a front-end system, where the minicomputer exerts control over the communications between several remote terminals and the main frame computer; and c) as part of a network. 1981 Electronics 24 Mar. 175/1 Designed primarily as a front-end system for a 32- or 48-channel logic analyzer, it can also operate as a stand-alone emulator. 1981 ABA Banking Jrnl. May 61/2 Virtually all major brokers have automated their order entry process. Many have also developed the ability to interface these front-end systems with clearing banks. 1983 Austral. Microcomputer Mag. Nov. 45/1 The university computering services centre..has..models from the PDP-11/40 to 11/70 as front ends to the larger processors. 1986 Pract. Computing Oct. 107/1 There are no trimmings in the form of a neat front end, and a proper menu and linking arrangement would much improve the package. b. attributive (usually with hyphen). Involving direct computer input by a journalist, cashier, etc., as a work activity otherwise done at a later stage. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > network > [adjective] > front-end front end1976 society > occupation and work > work > [adjective] > other types of work gentlea1425 rurala1500 jobbing1705 universal1706 non-paying1843 sweated1883 unfair1886 direct1922 entry-level1949 sidebar1952 front end1976 intrapreneurial1978 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 19 June 11/1 Fifty-four U.S. supermarkets now use the UPC technology, which is variously called ‘computer assisted check-out’, ‘electronic front-end check-out’ or ‘front-end automation’. 1979 Spectator 27 Oct. 3/1 The critical issue is ‘front-end’ setting, or ‘single-keystroking’, that is whether journalists and advertising clerks should be able to set copy directly, rather than type it for re-setting by a printer. 1980 Times 26 June 2/2 The agreement excluded new technology typesetting, known as front-end system, for at least three years. Compounds Special combinations. front end loader n. a tractor or haulage vehicle which has a shovelling or loading implement attached to the front. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > other vehicles according to specific use > [noun] > for drawing a load > specific powered > with loading implement at front front end loader1959 1959 C. Ogburn Marauders (1960) iii. 92 Bulldozers, power shovels, earth-movers and front-end loaders. 1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 8 Mar. 76/3 They had mounted a cutter-bar driven by hydraulic motor, on to a tractor front-end loader. 1969 Jane's Freight Containers 1968–9 83/2 Stevedoring contractors' equipment at Port Brownsville includes approximately..14 front end bulk loaders, [etc.]. 1986 New Yorker 17 Mar. 55/1 Men ‘muck it out’ with front-end loaders. front-end processor n. see sense 4 above. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1989; most recently modified version published online December 2019). < n.1938
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