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单词 fresh
释义

freshn.2

An editorial misreading of frosshe: see frush n.1 1a for the correct reading.
ΚΠ
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (1874) 4730 The fresshe was so felle of the furse grekes..That [etc.].
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2021).

freshn.3

Brit. /frɛʃ/, U.S. /frɛʃ/
Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: freshman n.
Etymology: Shortened < freshman n.
U.S. University slang.
A freshman. In later use only as a modifier, as in fresh year.In quot. 1827 with plural sense.
ΚΠ
1827 Harvard Reg. Oct. 251 The college clock struck twelve—that awful hour When Sophs met Fresh.
1837 Knickerbocker Mag. 9 250 The president's fresh came in, and handed me a suspension-bill, and left me, with a mock bow.
1899 A. H. Quinn Pennsylvania Stories 72 Here, Fresh, one of you take his suit case upstairs.
2019 @moneymanDoo3x 6 May in twitter.com (accessed 12 Feb. 2012) Fresh year of college almost over, it was one for the books.

Compounds

fresh sophomore n. now somewhat rare a student who enters a university in the second year of a course, having studied elsewhere for the first year.
ΚΠ
1847 Yale Lit. Mag. Jan. 114 I was a Fresh-Sophomore then, and a waiter in the commons' hall.
1961 Princeton Alumni Weekly 27 Jan. 3/1 I entered Princeton as a fresh sophomore from Bucknell in the fall of 1902.
2009 B. A. Kimball Inception of Mod. Professional Educ. i. 21 Accompanying him to Harvard as a fresh-sophomore was his friend, seventeen-year-old Theodore Tebbets.
fresh soph n. now rare = fresh sophomore n.
ΚΠ
1851 B. H. Hall Coll. College Words 145 Fresh-soph, an abbreviation of Freshman-Sophomore. One who enters college in the Sophomore year, having passed the time of the Freshman year elsewhere.
1952 Princeton Alumni Weekly 21 Mar. 34/2 He came to us as a fresh soph in 1894.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

freshadj.n.1adv.

Brit. /frɛʃ/, U.S. /frɛʃ/, Scottish English /frɛʃ/, Caribbean English /frɛʃ/
Forms:

α. early Old English fesc (transmission error), Old English–early Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) fersc, late Old English ferse (probably transmission error), early Middle English firesc, early Middle English uersc (south-west midlands), Middle English ferche, Middle English ferchs, Middle English fers, Middle English fersch, Middle English fersche, Middle English ferse, Middle English fersse, Middle English firsh, Middle English fyrsh, Middle English uerisse (Irish English), Middle English uers, Middle English uerse, Middle English uersse (south-west midlands), Middle English veirss, Middle English verhs (south-west midlands), Middle English verisore (comparative, as adverb), Middle English versch (south-west midlands), Middle English verss (south-west midlands), Middle English versschere (comparative, as adverb), Middle English versse (south-west midlands).

β. Middle English ffrech, Middle English ffreshe, Middle English fraiche, Middle English frech, Middle English freche, Middle English frechs, Middle English frees, Middle English freesch, Middle English freis, Middle English freisch, Middle English freische, Middle English freish, Middle English freissch, Middle English freissh, Middle English freisshe, Middle English fres, Middle English fress, Middle English fressch, Middle English fressche, Middle English fresse, Middle English freys, Middle English freysche, Middle English freysh, Middle English freyss, Middle English freyssche, Middle English freyssh, Middle English freysshe, Middle English vresse, Middle English vreysch (south-west midlands), Middle English–1500s fresch, Middle English–1500s fresche, Middle English–1500s fressh, Middle English–1500s fresshe, Middle English–1500s freyshe, Middle English 1600s ffresh, Middle English–1600s freshe, Middle English– fresh, late Middle English frehsse (perhaps transmission error); English regional 1800s frash (Somerset), 1800s freash (Yorkshire), 1800s freysh (north-western), 1800s frush (north-western), 1900s freish (north-western); U.S. regional 1900s frersh, 1900s– fraish, 1900s– frash; Scottish pre-1700 frech, pre-1700 freche, pre-1700 freishe, pre-1700 fres, pre-1700 fresch, pre-1700 fresche, pre-1700 freshe, pre-1700 fressch, pre-1700 1700s– fresh.

γ. late Middle English frosch, late Middle English frosche, late Middle English frossche.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a word inherited from Germanic. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: French freis, fresche.
Etymology: Originally (in Old English, in α. forms) (i) cognate with Old Frisian fersk , farsk new, recent (West Frisian farsk , fersk ), Middle Dutch versch , varsch , vorsch new, recent, not stale or spoilt, pure, lively, vigorous (Dutch vers ), Old Saxon fersc (only in the derivative ferscang young animal, piglet; Middle Low German versch , vers , varsch new, recent, not stale or spoilt, pure, unsalted), Old High German frisc new, recent, unsalted, raw (Middle High German vrisch new, pure, cool, young, lively, vigorous, bold, German frisch ), all except the High German forms showing metathesis of r < a Germanic base of uncertain origin (perhaps with an original sense ‘not showing change, retaining its original qualities’), perhaps related to Old Church Slavonic prěsnŭ new, fresh, Old Russian prěsn′′ fresh, unleavened, Lithuanian prėskas fresh, unleavened, although the phonology is difficult to explain. In later use (in Middle English, especially in β. forms) (ii) reinforced by or reborrowed < Anglo-Norman and Old French freis (masculine), fresche (feminine), Anglo-Norman and Middle French frais (masculine), fraische (feminine) (in Anglo-Norman also frees, fres, fress, fresse, freys, fresch, freche, frechs, fresh, fressche, fressh, fresshe, freesch; French frais (masculine), fraîche (feminine)) (of food, etc.) newly made or obtained, not stale or spoilt, uncorrupted (end of the 11th cent.), lively, vigorous, healthy, refreshed, reinvigorated, eager, ready, bright, vivid, flourishing, (of clothing) fine, (of food) unsalted (all second half of the 12th cent.), cool (c1200), (of water) not salty (early 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), happy, cheerful (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), (in law) prompt, immediate (end of the 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), refreshing, invigorating (c1300 in Anglo-Norman), vividly felt or remembered (1460), (of a wind) having considerable force, favourable for making way (1559); compare Old Occitan, Occitan fresc, Catalan fresc (13th cent.), Spanish fresco (13th cent.), Portuguese fresco (13th cent.), Italian fresco (12th cent.); reflecting a borrowing into Romance of the same Germanic base, perhaps originally in a commercial context with reference to the sale of food.Compare ( < Old Saxon or Middle Low German) Old Icelandic ferskr new, recent, not stale or spoilt, pure, refreshing, pleasant, Old Swedish färsker new, recent, not stale or spoilt, pure, unsalted, raw, young, healthy, vigorous (Swedish färsk new, recent, not stale or spoilt, pure, unsalted, raw), Old Danish færsk new, recent, not stale or spoilt, pure, unsalted, raw (Danish fersk ). Old English fersc , like several of its Germanic cognates, shows metathesis of r . Some North Sea Germanic forms such as Old Frisian farsk , Middle Dutch varsch , vorsch , Middle Low German varsch also show lowering (and occasional subsequent rounding) of the stem vowel e before (metathesized) r plus consonant. Unmetathesized doublets (ultimately < Middle High German) are attested in a similar range of senses in North Sea Germanic, as e.g. Middle Dutch vrisch (Dutch fris , now usually in the senses ‘pure, cool, refreshing’), Middle Low German vrisch , and were borrowed from the latter into Scandinavian, as Old Swedish frisker (Swedish frisk ), Old Danish frisk (Danish frisk ; > Icelandic frískur (18th cent.)), frequently (in Icelandic only) in the senses ‘lively, vigorous, healthy, well’. Notes on forms. The α. forms, which represent the original Old English metathesized form and its reflexes, had become obsolete by the end of the 15th cent., entirely superseded by the largely French-influenced β. forms (attested from the second half of the 12th cent., although earlier currency of such forms appears to be implied by place-name evidence discussed below). The early Middle English hybrid form veirss combines the metathesis of the α. forms with the vocalism of the French-influenced β. forms. With the γ. forms (attested only in MS Cambr. Univ. Libr. Gg.4.27; compare e.g. quot. c1430 at sense A. 4a) compare Anglo-Norman and Old French frois (masculine), froche (feminine) (13th cent.; French regional (Burgundy) frois , froche ), variant of freis , fresche (see above). Perhaps compare also Middle Dutch vorsch , variant of versch . Semantic development. Early use (in Old English) with reference to food in the sense ‘unsalted’ (compare sense A. 1b) arises from the fact that salting is one of the chief methods used in the preservation of food such as meat, fish, butter, and cheese, to prevent deterioration. Early use with reference to water and bodies of water in the sense ‘not salty’ (compare sense A. 2) could conceivably be a semantic development of this, but alternatively could have developed via a sense ‘not spoilt (for human consumption)’, i.e. fit for drinking (compare sense A. 1a). The senses first occurring in Middle English coincide substantially with those in Anglo-Norman and Old French; however, it is unclear how far they represent borrowings from French, and how far they reflect unattested Old English uses, especially given the wide range of senses attested in continental Germanic languages. Specific senses. In sense A. 8 perhaps influenced by German frech impudent, cheeky, pert (see freck adj.). Use in names. Earlier currency of the β. forms in English appears to be implied by place-name evidence; compare Frescewatre , Isle of Wight (1086; now Freshwater), which appears to refer to the situation of the settlement on the upper river Yar in relation to the tidal flow (compare later sense B. 7a). Compare also Frischenei , Lincolnshire (1086; now Friskney), and fluuium Fresca , the name of an unidentified river in northern England (Northumberland or Durham; 10th cent. in a manuscript of Bede Historia Abbatum (a735)). Earlier currency of the β. forms in sense A. 1a is implied by the surname of Johannes Fresschebred (1327). Earlier currency of either sense A. 4a (‘full of vigour, active, lively, cheerful’) or A. 6a (‘looking healthy or youthful’ ) may be implied by surnames, as Simon le Frais (mid 13th cent.), Geoffrey Freys (1275), Robert le Freys (1318), etc., although it is unclear whether these should be interpreted as reflecting the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word.
A. adj.
I. Having the characteristics of newness, vitality, etc.
1. Of food or another perishable substance.
a. Newly made or obtained; retaining its original qualities; not deteriorated or changed by the passage of time; not stale.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > state of being undecayed > [adjective]
fresheOE
soundc1290
uncorruptc1384
incorrupt1387
faira1400
recent?a1425
inconsumed1530
uncorruptedc1540
good1558
incorruptedc1593
square1628
undecayed1632
uncorroded1685
untarnished1732
unspoiled1733
unfailed1749
unwasted1758
firm1776
unspoilt1796
undegenerate1854
undeteriorated1856
unvitiated1864
α.
eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. xxxviii. 90 Her sindon dolhsealfa to eallum wundum... Wegbræde gebeaten wið ealdne rysele gemenged, fersc ne nyt biþ.
?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 51 Wyrc hym siþþan tweȝen firesce clyþan and bind oþerne betwex þa sculdru, oþerne betweox þa breoste.
β. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 352 An oynement..al freisch leie it þerto, for þe more freisch þat it is þe bettir it is.a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. l. 54194 Tua bostis of gude wyne, Baith stark and freche.1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 128 Having restored me with fresh egges.1805 C. Dibdin in Naval Chron. 13 393 Burton ale—fresh or stale.1859 G. Wilson Gateways Knowl. (ed. 3) 71 The..Mammoth remains fresh as on the day of its death.1987 N. Blei Neighborhood i. 3 The doorways of the bakeries emitted the warm odors of fresh bread, houska, and coffeecakes.2020 Business Insider (Nexis) 15 Jan. The new apple will stay fresh for 10 to 12 months.
b. Not salted, pickled, smoked, canned, frozen, or otherwise artificially preserved.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food otherwise characterized > [adjective] > fresh or not preserved
fresheOE
saltlessa1398
callerc1480
insulsed1598
α.
eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. xxxvi. 88 Drinc swa nigon dagas & ne ete niwne cise ne fersce gos ne ferscne æl ne fesc [read fesc] swin..; gif he hwilc þissa ete, sie þæt sealt.
lOE Royal Charter: Edward the Elder to Bp. Denewulf (Sawyer 385) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 38 Ælce geare to þære edmeltide þæt mon geselle..tu hrieðeru, oþer sealt oþer ferse [probably read fersc].
c1300 Holy Cross (Laud) l. 374 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 12 Op one gredire he leide him..To rosti ase men doth fersch [c1390 Vernon versch] flesch.
β. 1251 in K. I. Sandred & B. Lindström Place-names Norfolk (1989) I. 74 Fresfismarket.1381 Diuersa Servicia in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler Curye on Inglysch (1985) 62 Messe yt forþe wyþ fat venysoun & fresch motoun.a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 347 Adipis porci antiqui sine sale id est freisch swynys grese molten.a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Num. vi. 3 Thei schulen not ete freisch grapis and drie [E.V. a1425 Corpus Oxf. new grapes and dried; L. uvas recentes siccasve].1480 Table Prouffytable Lernynge (Caxton) (1964) 11 Fressh hering..Reed heeryng.1541–2 Act 33 Henry VIII c. 2 §1 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 828 No..parson..shall..bye any freshe fyshe of any estraunger, in..Flaunders.1620 T. Venner Via Recta v. 91 There is made a kinde of Iuncket, called in most places a Fresh-Cheese.1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. xix. 143 They will buy..a Riall worth of fresh meat to eat on the Lords day.1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 133 And seek fresh Forrage to sustain their Lives. View more context for this quotation1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory iii. 577 If in the dry state, by pulverization, or, if fresh, by slicing.1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 314 During several months, even the gentry tasted scarcely any fresh animal food.1964 B. Falk Peacock Cookery Bk. 136 A fruit salad can be made from any mixture of fresh fruit in season together with some tinned fruit, or from fresh fruit alone.2003 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 30 Apr. c9/2 Don't shy away from cooking fresh and frozen fish and shellfish.
c. Tasteless, insipid; unseasoned. rare. Now regional.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > insipidity > [adjective]
wallowc897
smatchless?c1225
unsavoury?c1225
fresha1398
savourlessa1398
wearish1398
wershed1398
fond?c1430
unsavoured1435
palled1440
mildc1450
walsh1513
wallowish1548
dead1552
waterish1566
cold1585
flatten1594
seasonless1595
wersha1599
blown1600
flash1601
fatuous1608
tasteless1611
flat1617
insipid1620
ingustable1623
flashy1625
flatted1626
saltless1633
gustless1636
remiss1655
rheumatical1655
untasteable1656
vapid1656
exolete1657
distasted1662
vappous1673
insulse1676
toothless1679
mawkisha1697
intastable1701
waugh1703
impoignant1733
flavourless1736
instimulating1740
deadish1742
mawky1755
brineless1791
wishy-washy1791
keestless1802
shilpit1814
wish-washy1814
sapidless1821
silent1826
slushy1839
bland1878
spendsavour1879
wish-wash1896
dolled1917
spiceless1980
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. civ. 995 Apples growiþ on þe leues..and ben freissh [emended in ed. to werissh; L. insipida] in sauour.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 313/1 Fresshe or lussyouse as meate that is nat well seasoned, or hath an unplesante swetnesse in it, fade.
1967 H. Orton & M. F. Wakelin Surv. Eng. Dial. IV. ii. 581 If you haven't put enough salt into your food, you say it is.. [Somerset, Wiltshire, Berkshire, Kent, Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Hampshire] (too) fresh.
1988 W. A. D. Riach Galloway Gloss. 18 Fresh, tasteless, unseasoned.
d. Originally and chiefly Caribbean. Esp. of meat or fish: pungent, foul-smelling. Also in extended use. Cf. ripe adj. 7d.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fetor > [adjective]
foul-stinkingOE
poignantc1387
rammishc1395
rank1479
reekya1500
puanta1529
unsavoury1539
uglyc1540
contagious1547
noisome1559
fulsome1576
fetid1599
nasty1601
unsweet1605
rammy1607
stenchful1615
stinkardly1616
rancid1627
reeking1629
pungent1644
olidous1646
stenching1654
graveolent1657
maleolent1657
virous1661
olid1680
ranciduous1688
feculent1703
virose1756
stenchy1757
infragrant1813
inodorous1823
nosy1836
malodorous1850
unfragrant1858
smelly1862
cacodorous1863
stinky1888
funked out1893
niffya1903
whiffy1905
pongy1936
fresh1966
minging1970
bogging1973
bowfing1983
honking1985
1966 D. J. Crowley I could talk Old-story Good vi. 88 Ain't good to be so fresh. (A triple play on the word ‘fresh’ meaning unripe for the banana, foul-smelling for the wasp nest, and too bold for Booky).
1972 S. Selvon Those who eat Cascadura 165 She put her hand to her nose and made a sound of disgust. ‘Fumm!’ she exclaimed. ‘They [sc. the fish] smell fresh!’
1993 Express (Trinidad & Tobago) 28 Nov. 11 This place was like a sea and it smelled fresh like hell.
2015 @brett_burnet 12 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 18 Aug. 2020) I bet that office smells a bit fresh.
2.
a. Of a source or body of water: containing or consisting of fresh water (see sense A. 2b) as opposed to salt water. Also of a marsh: flooded by fresh water as opposed to salt water (contrasted with salt marsh n.).Recorded earliest in fresh water n. 1.In some instances difficult to distinguish from sense A. 7a(a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [adjective] > fresh
fresheOE
α.
eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) ii. iv. 43 Eufrate þa ea, seo is mæst eallra ferscra wætera.., he hie eac mid gedelfe on monige ea upp forlet.
OE Acct. Voy. Ohthere & Wulfstan in tr. Orosius Hist. (Tiber.) (1980) i. i. 15 Þær sint swiðe micle meras fersce geond þa moras.
c1300 St. Michael (Laud) l. 597 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 316 Þe sonne..makez þe wateres breþi up-riȝt..Boþe þe sees an ferchse wateres.
β. c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) l. 2814 Whan Beues parseuede þis..A dede of is helm of stel And colede him þer in fraiche wel, And of is helm a drank þore A large galon.a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 25 Þere beeþ salt welles..alle þe woke longe forto Saturday at none, and fresche from Saturday at none for to Monday.c1475 (c1450) P. Idley Instr. to his Son (Cambr.) (1935) ii. A. l. 1287 Wher was a fresshe sprynge vndre a banke In a secrete place.1575–6 Act 18 Elizabeth I c. 10 §5 in Statutes of Realm (1963) IV. i. 621 No Acree [sic] of Freshe Marshe..[shall] be taxed above the Rate of a Penye..nor of everye Tenne Acres of Salte Marshe, above the Rate of a Pennye.1670 D. Denton Brief Descr. N.-Y. 18 These woods also every mile or half-mile are furnished with fresh ponds, brooks, or rivers.1708 London Gaz. No. 4489/3. 119 Acres of fresh Marsh-Lands.c1766 J. Bartram Remarks in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. (1942) 33 i. 54/1 There is allso several little creeks comes in which is bordered with first salt marsh but higher up with fresh wood swamps.1842 Geelong Advertiser 28 Feb. 4/1 A useless barren track..intersected here and there with salt water marshes, and a few fresh swamps.1972 C. A. Brown Wildflowers Louisiana 125 Mock bishop's-weed,... Wet sites in prairie, margins of swamps, and fresh marshes.2009 S. Turner Amber Waves & Undertow 187 In that state's coastal swales of the Salinas and Pajaro rivers,..overpumping has begun sucking in seawater that pollutes the fresh underground flow.
b. Of water, ice, rain, etc.: not salty or brackish; containing a very low concentration of dissolved salts. Cf. fresh water n. 2.In some instances difficult to distinguish from sense A. 7a(a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > water > [adjective] > fresh
freshOE
sweetc1000
the world > matter > liquid > water > [adjective] > properties or characteristics of water > fresh or fit for drinking
freshOE
α.
OE Old Eng. Martyrol. (Julius) 20 Mar. (2013) 66 Ðære lyfte gecynd is þæt heo tehð to þa renas of ðæm sealtan sæ, ond þurh hire mægen heo fersc [probably read fersce; OE Corpus Cambr. 196 hig fersce] sendeþ to eorðan.
a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) l. 248 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 175 Þer is fur þet..Ne mei quenchen salt weter ne uersc of þe burne.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 153 Þat water of Baþe..euere is iliche hot & verss & newe.
β. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. xiii. i. 647 Watir is and semeþ now salte, now swete and fresshe.c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) l. 1866 (MED) Þore fand þei wellys..with watur semand fayr and fresche.a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. iv. 376 Tempests are kinde, and salt waues fresh in loue. View more context for this quotationa1691 R. Boyle Gen. Hist. Air (1692) 154 He always found the ice fresh that floated upon the sea-water.1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions I. iv. 231 That sea-water has a tendency to produce fresh ice, is farther proved by the concentration observed in a quantity exposed..to a low temperature, by the separation of the salt from the crystals of ice, in the progress of the freezing.1942 V. C. Smith et al. Exploring Sci. iv. 153 Rain water is fresh and without minerals.2003 New Scientist 17 May 21/2 When the polluted water was salty and the water on the other side was fresh, the pollutants passed through the sand much more quickly.
†c. Of or relating to fresh water as opposed to salt water (see sense A. 2b); esp. (of fish) found in fresh water such as rivers, lakes, etc., as opposed to in the sea. Cf. fresh water adj. 1a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > [adjective] > freshwater
freshc1325
lakish1661
landlocked1868
pond-cultured1969
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 14 Engelonde is vol inoȝ..Of salt fichȝ & eke verss [a1400 Trin. Cambr. fersch, c1425 Harl. fresch], of vaire riuers þer to.
1467 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 396 Fressh fysshe, as Tenches, Pykes, and other that come to the cite.
1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iii. i. 128 Till the fresh tast be taken from that clearenes, And made a brine pit with our bitter teares. View more context for this quotation
1605 Bp. J. Hall Medit. & Vowes I. §8 I haue oft wondred howe fishes can retaine their fresh taste, and yet liue in salt waters.
1623 G. Markham Countrey Contentments, or Eng. Huswife (new ed.) i. ii. 79 And thus may you also stew Rochets, Gurnets, or almost any sea-fish, or fresh-fish.
1790 England's Gazetteer II. at Hampshire The sea-coast here furnishes oysters, lobsters, and other sea-fish, and its rivers abound in fresh fish, especially trouts.
1881 J. Payn Human Stories 294 The professional fisherman..whether he be salt or fresh.
†3.
a. Eager, ready (to do something). Chiefly with to (preposition) or to with infinitive. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > willingness > [adjective] > ready or prompt
radeOE
rekenOE
ratheOE
freshc1175
gradelyc1275
quickc1300
freea1393
readya1425
promptc1425
forward1523
forwards1598
cheerful1600
alacritous1821
up to ——1849
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 6348 Aȝȝ himm birrþ beon fressh þærto [i.e. to worship God].
c1390 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 144 Nis non so fresch..Ne non so bold Beores to bynde, þat he haþ warnynges to beo ware.
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 1254 Enmys thre..Þat, to assayle us here, er ay freshe.
c1460 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Laud) l. 18060 Was nevir ern so fresh to flight.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII i. i. 3 Euer since a fresh Admirer Of what I saw there. View more context for this quotation
b. Ready to eat or drink; having an appetite for something or an inclination to do something. In later use only in fresh and fasting. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > [adjective] > having (good) appetite
meat-whole?1599
fresh and fasting1614
hearty1713
meat-halea1779
appetized1820
appetited1829
1614 S. Purchas Pilgrimage (ed. 2) ix. iv. 840 Drinking a filthy liquor, whereto they said Tobacco made them fresh.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 92 They will fresh and fasting, besprinkle themselves with the Stale of a Cow.
1800 M. L. Weems Life G. Washington ix. 97 To-morrow morning, fresh and fasting we'll fall upon him, and take him!
1843 C. J. Lever Jack Hinton iii. 18 Draw the little table this way,..for av coorse, you're fresh and fastin'.
4.
a. Not exhausted or fatigued; full of vigour, energy, or vitality; brisk, active, lively; (in early use also) †cheerful (obsolete). Also of a country: †of unexhausted fertility (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > [adjective]
goodOE
bearinglOE
freshc1325
fat1393
plentive?a1400
fertilec1460
richa1522
fructual1528
batwell1534
battle?1542
battling1548
increaseful1594
uberousa1627
exuberanta1660
generous1661
productive1672
innerly1868
oasal1888
oasitic1896
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adjective] > full of vigour
freshc1325
moistc1400
vigorous1548
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 8187 An hondred kniȝtes, pur versse [c1425 Harl. fersse] & sound.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3633 A fersche ost hem to help hastili þer come.
c1430 in Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. (1907) 7 108 A joly gold fynch frosch & gay..Song as sche sat vp on de spray.
a1475 J. Shirley Death James (BL Add. 5467) in Miscellanea Scotica (1818) II. 10 (MED) Sir Robert..was a full gentill squyer, fresh, lusty, and right amyable.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin vii. 108 Kynge Aguysas..a freisshe yonge knyght, and with hym v C knyghtes.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 18 The mornyng when our wyttys be most redy & fresch.
1594 S. Daniel Complaint Rosamond in Delia (new ed.) sig. G6v Or whilst we spend the freshest of our time, The sweet of youth in plotting in the ayre; Alas how oft wee fall, hoping to clime.
1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 21 He mounted first on the one fresh horse, and afterwards upon the other, posting on.
1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. xiii. 74 This Country is very fresh and plentifull.
1843 G. P. R. James Forest Days I. v. 98 Take with you three of your fellows whose horses are the freshest.
1863 M. E. Braddon John Marchmont's Legacy II. i. 3 I never felt fresher in my life.
1882 Daily Tel. 3 Jan. Ignition is probably the freshest of all the veterans.
1932 F. Pitt Scotty 162 It would have been a good jump for a fresh horse, for pumped ones out of plough it was a formidable obstacle.
2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 1 Oct. b15/6 Manuel wants his players fresh for the playoffs.
b. Refreshed, rested, reinvigorated.In later use perhaps simply a contextual use of sense A. 4a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > [adjective] > refreshed or invigorated
fresha1387
refetc1400
breatheda1425
refect?a1425
restedc1425
well-rested1525
refreshed1552
enlivened1640
renovated1650
invigorate1720
refreshened1764
recreated1832
reanimated1871
reanimate1885
pepped-up1916
perked-up1930
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 27 Ȝif a pilgryme kneleþ þerto, anon he schal be al fresche, and of werynesse schal he fele none noye.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) vii. 162 Whan thei shall be fresshe, thenne shall ye mow make werre.
1700 J. Dryden tr. G. Boccaccio Theodore & Honoria in Fables 264 Nor lies she long, but..Springs up to Life, and fresh to second Pain, Is sav'd to Day, to Morrow to be slain.
1878 Austral. & Town Country Jrnl. (Sydney) 26 Jan. 170/1 I'm always that fresh after a good night's sleep, when I've had a spree, that I could begin again quite flippant.
2012 J. Juniper Bullmaster (e-book ed.) They had been sleeping and resting for several hours and the horses were now fresh and ready for action again.
†c. Sober; not drunk. Obsolete (Scottish in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > moderation in drinking > [adjective] > sober or not drunk
undrunkenc897
sobera1387
fresha1450
unfoxed1622
unliquored1642
(as) sober as a judge1682
unruffled1709
unconcerned1748
unebriate1853
a1450 Seven Sages (Cambr. Dd.1.17) (1845) l. 1226 He was freche, he was nought dronke.
a1649 W. Yonge Diary (1848) 113 The Lord Denbigh scarce fresh any day after the morning.
1821 W. Scott Pirate II. xi. 278 Our great Udaller is weel eneugh when he is fresh.
1912 G. Cunningham Verse: Maistly in Doric 127 It's the thinkin' o' Jist whit we are that mak's us so; Whit we think we are the noo, Kindly, crabbit, fresh, or fou.
d. Somewhat drunk; tipsy.An extension of the meaning ‘full of vigour, lively’ (sense A. 4a) independent of and opposite to sense A. 4c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [adjective] > drunk > partially drunk
merrya1382
semi-bousyc1460
pipe merry1542
totty1570
tipsy1577
martin-drunk1592
pleasant1596
mellow1611
tip-merry1612
flustered1615
lusticka1616
well to live1619
jolly1652
happy1662
hazy1673
top-heavy1687
hearty1695
half-seas-over1699
oiled1701
mellowish1703
half channelled over1709
drunkish1710
half-and-half1718
touched1722
uppisha1726
tosie1727
bosky1730
funny1751
fairish1756
cherry-merry1769
in suds1770
muddy1776
glorious1790
groggified1796
well-corned1800
fresh1804
to be mops and brooms1814
foggy1816
how-come-ye-so1816
screwy1820
off the nail1821
on (also, esp. in early use, upon) the go1821
swipey1821
muggy1822
rosy1823
snuffy1823
spreeish1825
elevated1827
up a stump1829
half-cockedc1830
tightish1830
tipsified1830
half shaved1834
screwed1837
half-shot1838
squizzed1845
drinky1846
a sheet in the wind1862
tight1868
toppy1885
tiddly1905
oiled-up1918
bonkers1943
sloshed1946
tiddled1956
hickey-
1804 T. J. Dibdin Thirty Thousand iii. 67 I'm a bit fresh, you see, I hav'nt done myself any good by it, and I am very sorry for it.
1829 F. Marryat Naval Officer II. iii. 74 I could get ‘fresh’..when in good company.
1849 C. Brontë Shirley I. iii. 54 For my notion was, they were all fresh.
1900 Melbourne Punch 12 Apr. 351/2 The party..took bottled refreshments with it, and soon got rather ‘fresh’.
2011 @Gerbelly 6 July in twitter.com (accessed 4 July 2020) Bit tipsy. Not drunk but a bit fresh admittedly.
e. Chiefly U.S. Of a cow: yielding a renewed or greatly increased supply of milk as a result of giving birth; coming into milk.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > cow > [adjective] > producing milk > in renewed or increased supply
fresh1884
1884 8th Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 1883–4 29 The cows will go dry for a time during the hot weather in summer and be fresh in fall.
1901 S. H. Preston Abandoned Farmer vi. 114 ‘Mr. Waydean’, I said, with stern incisiveness, ‘is that animal a fresh cow or a stripper?’
1971 Independent (Deerfield, Wisconsin) 23 Sept. 22/4 (advt.) Fresh, springing, bred back cows and heifers.
2019 N. B. Cook in N. B. Cook et al. Housing Optimize Comfort, Health, & Productivity Dairy Cattle 135 Appropriately sized, deep loose bedded stall surfaces are of particular importance for the fresh cows recovering from calving.
5. Not faded, worn, or deteriorated, esp. by the passage of time. Now chiefly of immaterial things, esp. memories or feelings: vividly or intensely felt or remembered. Frequently in fresh in one's (also the) mind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > state of being undecayed > [adjective] > not faded
fresha1375
unfaded1568
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 90 He fond þe feute al fresh where forþ þe herde hadde bore þan barn.
c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame (Fairf. 16) (1878) l. 1156 Hit [sc. this hille] was writen ful of names..there were As fressh as men had writen hem here The selfe day ryght.
1576 A. Fleming Panoplie Epist. 303 (margin) Wee might still have them, by continual view of their pictures, in freshe remembrance.
1611 Bible (King James) Job xxix. 20 My glory was fresh in mee. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. i. 74 Our garments are now as fresh as when we put them on. View more context for this quotation
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §365 These Roses will retaine..their Colour fresh for a yeare at least.
1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper i. 69 These antipathies..do still remaine..as fresh, as if Adam had but falne yesterday.
1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron II. vi. xxvii. 100 Men..who lived..when the memory of things was fresh.
1802 S. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 6/1 It is only by the fresh feelings of the heart that mankind can be very powerfully affected.
1837 B. Disraeli Venetia I. 231 An incident..as fresh in her memory as if it had occurred yesterday.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 447 Samuel Pepys, whose library and diary have kept his name fresh to our time.
1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 4 Mar. 4/1 The podium of the Albert Memorial is almost as fresh as the day the structure was uncovered.
1984 J. Ebdon Ebdon's Odyssey (new ed.) ii. v. 162 Chrissi..whose husband had been drowned quite close to the shore not two years past. Her grief was still fresh.
2004 U.S. News & World Rep. 2 Aug. 34/1 The fall of the Berlin Wall was still fresh in the public mind.
6.
a. Of a person: looking healthy or youthful. Also in † fresh and fair.See also fresh as a daisy, fresh as a rose, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > healthy looking
quick?c1225
freshc1380
slickc1440
well-hueda1500
sleek1638
jollya1661
sonsy1720
sleekyc1725
well-looking1725
clean-run1881
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1583 Send me..A doȝty iolyf bacheler..þat is of body fresch & fier.
c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 1191 An huntyng wolde this lusti frosche [a1450 Tanner fresshe] queene.
1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. xv. 267 The freshest Gospeller in appearance, in experience is found not to be the soundest.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. vi. 30 Hast thou beheld a fresher Gentlewoman. View more context for this quotation
1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Donzella Desterrada 94 A widow fresh and faire.
1824 T. Campbell in New Monthly Mag. 10 325 'Twas the Abbot of St. James's monks, A fresh and fair old man.
1877 M. Oliphant Makers of Florence (ed. 2) vi. 172 The fresh country ladies had to be warned against spoiling their natural roses with paint.
1914 L. Woolf Wise Virgins (2003) iii. 38 He manoeuvred in order to sit facing a fresh, pink-faced girl preening herself.
2014 A. Gracie Winter Bride vii. 74 She looked fresh and glowing and gave him a sunny smile.
†b. Of a person's clothing: fine, smart, showy, brightly-coloured; (of a person) finely, smartly, or ostentatiously dressed. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [adjective] > showily or fancily dressed
gaya1387
fresha1393
jollyc1405
lustyc1412
prankedc1550
well-attireda1569
prank1575
conceited1579
dressed1641
gaily dressed1730
bedressed1863
tricked1869
done-up1911
dolled1917
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 5000 Sche..caste awey hire freissh aray..And tok upon the clothes blake.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale (Ellesmere) (1875) l. 724 I was wont to be right fressh and gay Of clothyng and of oother good array.
a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) l. 2037 Ther course[r]s trappid in the fressest wise.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxviii. 235 They rose & apparelled them in fresshe arraye.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 623/2 My maystresse maketh her fresshe, I wene she go out to some feest to daye.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 807/2 With manie a fresh gentleman riding before them.
c. Of a plant, etc.: flourishing, blooming, lush; newly grown; unwithered.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by good growth > [adjective] > flourishing or luxuriant in growth > of vegetation
fresha1393
verdurous1604
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 2355 In the wynter freysshe and faire The floures ben.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 914 This Ianuarie..Into his fresshe gardyn is ago.
c1475 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 141 (MED) I fylle Among the herbes fresche and fyne.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1041 Flours were the Couch..Earths freshest softest lap. View more context for this quotation
1845 W. Wordsworth Poet's Dream viii, in Poems (new ed.) 65/2 Fields in May's fresh verdure drest.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxv. 177 Scarcely less exquisite than the freshest bloom of the Alpine rose.
1975 Desert Mag. Oct. 7/1 A stray cow and her calf..continue munching on the fresh grass.
2005 Country Living Apr. 156/1 The fresh green tendrils of cleavers..or goosegrass..sprawl all over our hedgerows from late winter onwards.
d. Esp. of a colour: bright, pure, vivid, brilliant. Of a person's complexion, etc.: bright, glowing, healthy.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [adjective] > pure or clear
purec1300
freshc1405
fair1663
serene1751
the world > matter > colour > state or mode of having colour > [adjective] > brightly coloured
brightOE
gay?c1225
paintedc1400
sheenc1400
staringc1400
freshc1405
wanton1583
splendid1634
amelled1651
vivid1686
strong1711
bloom-bright1832
flamboyant1851
technicolored1927
dazzle1931
Technicolora1940
fauve1967
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale (Ellesmere) (1875) l. 727 Wher my colour was bothe fressh and reed Now is it wan and of leden hewe.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 1578 Thanne taketh the cristall stoon..an hundrid hewis Blewe yelowe and rede that fresh and newe is.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 164 To luke vpone his [sc. the sun's] fresche and blisfull face.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. AAiii Florisshe the forenoon neuer so fresshe, at the last commeth the euentyde.
1793 M. Baillie Morbid Anat. ii. 29 He never had a fresh complexion, but it was always dark.
1801 R. Southey Thalaba I. iii. 184 Her cheek Lost its fresh and lively hue.
1925 E. Fraser & J. Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words 246 Ruby Queen,..an occasional nickname for any young nurse or Sister of fresh complexion.
1996 Hello! 27 Jan. 86/1 Wet your face with warm water and gently massage with a scrub to leave your skin looking plump and fresh.
2003 G. Dolt et al. Rough Guide Bahamas ii. 113/1 Scrupulously clean rooms painted a fresh green and done up with floral linens.
e. Of an item of clothing, bedding, etc.: newly cleaned; not dirty or soiled.In some instances there is overlap with sense A. 10a.
ΚΠ
c1450 in W. R. Dawson Leechbk. (1934) 120 (MED) Lat the bedd be made with fresshe shetis.
1665 W. Kemp Brief Treat. Pestilence 78 If you put on fresh linnen, whether it be by reason of the sope that hath some malignity in it, or for some other cause, it hath been often observed that the Sick have relaps'd into great anxiety.
1735 A. Collins Peerage Eng. (new ed.) II. 49 As soon as he rose the next Morning, he put on a fresh Shirt.
1895 Argosy Sept. 503/1 The only luxuries accorded to the little ones are plenty of fresh linen, which is changed three times per day.
2013 D. S. Peterson Field of Flowers 2 He was dressed as Anselmo was dressed; in a fine suit, with a fresh white shirt open at the collar.
7.
a.
(a) Clean, pure, untainted; refreshing, invigorating, pleasantly cooling. Of a smell or taste: giving a refreshing impression to the senses.With reference to water or a body of water, sometimes difficult to distinguish from senses A. 2a, A. 2b.With reference to air, often with connotations of lack of staleness: cf. fresh air n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > [adjective]
fairOE
unfiledc1200
purec1300
undefouled13..
unfouledc1380
fresha1393
finec1440
filthless1532
taintless1590
virgin1596
untainted1609
indevirginate?1624
unpolluted1771
germless1869
Diana1870
sterile1877
aseptic1883
pristine1910
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. l. 431 Ther sprang a welle freissh and cler.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 87 So frech flauoreȝ of fryteȝ were, As fode hit con me fayre refete.
1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. xxxii. f. 63v The gentlewomen risinge vp they brought him into a Courte, of aire freshe and pleasant.
1580 S. Bird Friendlie Communication betweene Paule & Demas sig. B.ijv We may take pleasure in anie fresh & sweet smelling sauour.
1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. xvii. 117 A fruit named Xocotte..it is fresh and cooling.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 771 They among fresh dews and flowers Flie to and fro. View more context for this quotation
1759 T. Hale et al. Compl. Body Husbandry (ed. 2) IV. lxxii. 202 His wine in ice does not equal the coolness of the fresh stream.
1785 W. Cowper Task i. 28 There the turf Smells fresh, and rich in odorif'rous herbs.
1843 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Aug. 184 Like a kind hand on my brow Comes this fresh breeze, Cooling its dull and feverish glow.
1898 Boy's Own Paper 7 May 510/1 All the clocks in Oxford are..striking four as we step out into the fresh morning air.
1931 Country Life 25 July p. xxxvi A dip in the cool, fresh water—a sun-bathe—a glass of cold ‘Ovaltine’—could anything more be wanted to complete your enjoyment!
1972 House & Garden Feb. 100/4 KWV Late Vintage..is slightly spritzig, and has a very fresh taste.
2008 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 6 Apr. (Styles section) 3/3 The fragrance has a bright, fresh scent.
†(b) Of a place: pleasantly cool. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > [adjective] > cool
cooleOE
fresh?a1425
cooly1566
feverless1662
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 17 Þei make dyches in the erthe..And whan þei wil ete þei gon þere in & sytten þere. And the skyll is for þei may be the more fressch.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. l. 687 Fresche alures with lusty hiȝe pynacles.
1580 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Dial. Yron in Ioyfull Newes (new ed.) f. 150 The Porche of the dore is verye freshe.
b. Of a wind: having considerable force, strong. Formerly: †springing up again (obsolete). Hence, of a ship's progress: †speedy, steady (obsolete).For specific compounds where fresh designates a wind having a particular force on a meteorological scale, see fresh breeze n., fresh gale n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [adjective] > strong
strongeOE
stiffc1290
sternc1374
wrothc1400
vehement1483
strainable1497
freshc1515
stout1533
bloysterous?1570
ruffing1577
boisterous?1594
lofty1600
chafing1762
blustery1774
smacking1820
snoring1822
spanking1849
gale force1902
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [adjective] > steady or sailing or handling well
steady1626
fresh1659
lusty1660
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxi. 213 They..lyft vp theyr saylles, & so had a good freshe wynde.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. x. 46 A fresh Gale is that doth presently blow after a calme.
1659 D. Pell Πελαγος 322 It is a long time ere a ship can bee put upon the stayes when shee has her freshest way.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 166 Not making such fresh Way as I did before.
1767 Philos. Trans. 1766 (Royal Soc.) 56 226 The velocity of the wind on May the 6th, when it blew a fresh gale.
1821 A. Livingston in Trans. Soc. Arts 38 37 When a vessel had fresh way through the water.
1878 W. S. Jevons Polit. Econ. 29 The miller grinds corn when the breeze is fresh.
1928 G. Murphy Let. 5 Aug. in L. Miller Lett. from Lost Generation (1991) 34 Once we plugged with a fresh wind until 3 o'clock the next morning, when a calm fell.
2009 R. Heikell & A. O'Grady Ocean Passages & Landfalls iii. 158/1 The wind is usually moderate to fresh near Vanuatu.
c. Of weather.
(a) Cold, chilly, or windy. Also (English regional (northern)): wet.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wet weather > [adjective] > wet (of weather, place, or time)
wetc893
moista1398
waterya1398
moistya1500
waterish1545
washy1566
rotten1567
slabby1653
weety1658
late1673
fresh1790
slottery1790
soft1812
givey1829
juicy1837
sploshy1838
sposhy1842
slip-sloppya1845
splishy-splashyc1850
shabby1853
soppy1872
sappy1885
?1585 W. Perkins Foure Great Lyers sig. 7v Uariable and somewhat fresh weather.
1790 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. (ed. 2) (at cited word) How's t' weather to-day? Why fresh; i.e. it rains.
1827 Sporting Mag. 20 363 What is called in Durham ‘fresh weather’, alias rain.
1880 Daily News 29 Dec. 2/1 There were indications of fresh weather..The fresh became less marked.
1985 J. Edwards Talk Tidy 20 It's fresh this morning, after that frost!
2017 @frostybutcher 18 Apr. in twitter.com (accessed 6 July 2020) It's a bit fresh out this morning. Wrap up warm kids.
(b) Scottish. Not frosty; thawing, mild. Cf. open adj. 12a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > fine weather > [adjective] > not frosty
open1602
fresh1654
frostless1711
1654 D. Dickson Brief Explic. Last 50 Psalmes 365 The fifth reason..is taken from Gods powerful ruling of the least changes in the clouds,..in making..frost and fresh weather, as he pleaseth.
1782 J. Sinclair Observ. Sc. Dial. 49 Fresh weather. Open weather.
1795 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XV. 319 (note) Our winters..have been open and fresh, as it is termed.
1951 Buchan Observer 20 Mar. in Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) A hale sax ooks storm i' the moo o' Mairch an' it never cam' fresh.
2005 A. Smith Fer Chauve (SCOTS) Frost or fresh? nae sure aboot at ata.
8. Originally U.S. Forward, impertinent, rude. In later use chiefly in to get fresh (with someone): to behave in a disrespectful or impudent way; to make unrestrained or inappropriate sexual advances to someone.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > impudence > [adjective]
thristec897
bolda1000
keen1297
apert1330
smartc1400
malaperta1425
overbolda1425
affronted1485
saucy1511
impertinata1525
over-familiar1529
pert1535
cocket1537
cockapert1556
contumelious1561
impudent1563
brass-bold1582
pertlike1582
paughtya1586
audacious1586
copped1597
effronted1598
petulant1598
dortya1605
rufty-tufty1606
facy1607
snappish1608
bold-faceda1616
over-pert1621
impertinent1631
procacious1660
insolent1678
calleting1691
effrontuousa1734
imperent1771
free1775
sassy1799
pawky1809
iron-sideda1825
gilpie1835
cheeky1838
fresh1843
snouty1858
nebby1873
gay1889
nebsy1894
nervy1896
brass neck1925
facety1928
facey1929
brass-necked1935
chutzpadik1959
1843 Scioto Gaz. (Chillicothe, Ohio) 10 Aug. We merely notice these things by way of filling out a column; not wishing to make ourselves ‘too fresh’ on one side or the other, else a triangular war might ensue.
1887 F. Francis Saddle & Mocassin 136 What's the matter, then? Has Piggy been too ‘fresh’?
1908 G. H. Lorimer Jack Spurlock ii. 26 That [remark] was pretty fresh, and my only excuse for doing it was that I couldn't think of anything fresher.
1928 S. Vines Humours Unreconciled iii. 41 A woman who does that sort of thing has no business to turn one down as soon as one gets a little bit fresh.
1953 Manch. Guardian Weekly 20 Aug. 7/1 Anybody try any fancy stuff, or they got fresh,..and they let you have it.
1967 M. Anthony Green Days by River xxix. 160 She quickly slapped my face. ‘That's for being fresh!..’ I laughed. ‘You probably even had girls before!’ ‘Never.’ ‘Kiss the cross.’ I made a cross with my fingers and kissed it.
2014 @mr_aws0m3 24 July in twitter.com (accessed 27 Jan. 2020) My grandmother told me today ‘don't get fresh with me’.
II. New, recent.
9. Law. Of a legal action, penalty, etc.: initiated or imposed immediately or within a short period of time following the unlawful act in question, as in fresh fine, fresh force (cf. force n.1 5c), fresh suit. Also: (of an unlawful act) recently done or occurred, as in fresh disseisin (see disseisin n. 1b). Now historical except in fresh pursuit n. [In fresh force after Anglo-Norman fresche force (end of the 13th cent. or earlier); compare post-classical Latin frisca fortia (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources). In fresh suit after Anglo-Norman fresche suite (1278 in the source translated in quot. a1325, or earlier). In fresh disseisin after Anglo-Norman fresche disseisine (end of the 13th cent. or earlier); compare post-classical Latin nova disseisina (frequently from late 12th cent. in British sources).]
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > following behind > [noun] > pursuit > pursuit without delay
fresh suita1325
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [noun] > a lawsuit > action brought within short prescribed time
fresh finea1325
fresh force1419
a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) vi. 25 That te apel ne be noȝt abated of þe uerse siwte [Fr. par defaute de fresche suite].
1419 in H. T. Riley Munimenta Gildhallæ Londoniensis (1859) I. 173 Item, de assisis Novæ Disseisinæ, vocatis ‘Fresshforce’.
1534 Act 26 Henry VIII c. 5 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 500 Any outcrie, hute, or fresshe sute of or for any felonye.
1579 Rastell's Expos. Termes Lawes (new ed.) f. 99v Freshsuit, is when a man is robbed, & the party so robbed, followeth the felon immediatly.
1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 169 An Assise or Bil of fresh force brought within 40 daies after the force committed, or title to him accrued.
1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Fresh Disseisin [see disseisin n. 1b].
1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality III. xvi. 132 He was spied..stealing a bay horse. Fresh suit was made.
a1836 H. Roscoe Treat. Law of Actions relating to Real Prop. (1840) I. 52 The fresh disseisin must be done by the same disseisors.
1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon 268/2 Fresh-fine, a fine which has been levied within a year.
1991 Medieval Prosopography 12 52 In boroughs..there was freedom of sale of burgage tenements, freedom of devise by will, and the action of fresh force.
1996 Boston University Law Rev. 76 67 A victim of larceny or robbery could recover the stolen goods if the victim proved ‘fresh suit’—immediate pursuit and arrest of the thief.
10.
a. Additional, another, further, different; adding to or replacing a previous act or thing.See also fresh start.
ΚΠ
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 8038 (MED) Fresche paiens on hem com rake, xv þousinde, þat hadden born oȝan Par-fors into Bedingham.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 3298 As þe goddis wolde..al þis world..ouerflowe with a fresche deluge.
?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 46 Than suld I haif I a fresch feir to fang in mynn armys.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 644 In which way having gotten fresh helpe of some other streames.
1677 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation (ed. 2) i. 16 The Hounds..take fresh scent, hunting another Chase.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 14. ⁋7 The Troops of the Allies have fresh Orders dispatched to them.
1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) II. 198 Interest was seldom allowed to be turned into principal, except upon the advance of fresh money.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 153 One fresh concession..was easily obtained from the restored king.
1896 Law Times 100 408/2 We must begin a fresh paragraph.
1959 Times of India 16 July 9/2 A conference of Congress members of the various elected bodies..demanded the immediate resignation of the Communist Ministry and fresh elections in the State.
2020 MailOnline (Nexis) 30 June The South African Police launched a fresh appeal for witnesses two months after the attack.
b. New, novel; not previously known, used, encountered, etc.; invented or introduced for the first time, original, innovative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > [adjective] > new, novel, or not previously known
newOE
fresha1382
unhearda1382
new-founda1425
raw1448
newfanglec1450
newfangled?1531
new-fashioned1574
novile1586
modern1590
newelty1590
unheard1592
novellous1601
new-discovered1609
novelizing1625
nouvelle1650
new-type1887
edgy1976
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Psalms lxxx. 10 Ther shall not be in thee a fresh God [L. deus recens].
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Comm. on Canticles (Univ. Oxf. 64) in Psalter (1884) 516 New and freyss goddis come.
1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 25 in Justa Edouardo King To morrow to fresh woods and pastures new.
1748 Acct. Voy. for Discov. North-west Passage I. 9 The Fog..presenting continually fresh Objects.
1777 E. Burke Corr. (1844) II. 162 That fresh concern and anxiety which attends those who [etc.].
1803 T. R. Malthus Ess. Princ. Population (new ed.) i. i. 4 Very severe labour is requisite to clear a fresh country.
1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 403 There are few traces of fresh research or new matter produced.
1888 Times 12 Nov. 13/3 The untoward fate of plays that break fresh ground.
1947 Billboard 22 Nov. 16/4 The concept behind the show is a fresh one which should provide interesting and relaxing diversion for home viewers.
1999 Pulp (Manchester Metropolitan Univ. Students' Union) Mar. 43/2 It sounds fresh and exciting compared to the old skool revival led by the Beastie Boys and Jurassic Five.
2020 Sun (Nexis) 4 Jan. 10 You want employees who bring a fresh perspective, you need recruits who actually think differently.
11.
a. Recent; newly or recently made; recently arrived, received, formed, etc.; that has not as yet existed or been present for long.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > recency > [adjective]
neweOE
fresha1398
hot?a1400
novel1405
recent?a1425
lately1581
neoterical1588
neoteric1596
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. xxiv. 1164 Superfluyte of ded fleissh is yfrete and freissh fleissh and newe is ygendred.
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 5307 Woundes..Þat fressche sal sem and alle bledand.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxiii. l. 258 (MED) I kan the telle Tydinges newe, bothe fresch & snelle, That I have sein.
1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. Introd. Pref. sig. a1 I was fain..to insert..some of a much fresher date.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 9 This Morn by fresh Advice he was assured [etc.].
1710 J. Swift Tale of Tub (ed. 5) Apol. sig. A2v The Author was then young..and his Reading fresh in his Head.
1748 Acct. Voy. for Discov. North-west Passage I. 146 Seeing whether the Marks of their Teeth are fresh or not.
1758 S. Johnson Idler 15 July 113 To be able to tell the freshest news.
1845 R. Ford Hand-bk. Travellers in Spain I. i. 16 The ministers of Ferdinand VII. could not please him more than by laying before him a fresh express or dispatch.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxvii. 204 The floor..was covered with snow, and on it were the fresh footmarks of a little animal.
1931 D. L. Sayers Five Red Herrings iii. 38 A fresh set of tyre-tracks in the dust showing where the car had been taken out.
2011 Daily Tel. 20 July (Nexis) (Sport section) 11 Winter returned to the high Alps yesterday with fresh snow on the mountains.
b. With from, out of, or off: that has recently come from the specified place, occupation, etc.See also fresh off the boat.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > recency > [adjective] > recently arrived from a place or situation
breathing with?c1550
fresh1565
new1697
recent1718
1565 T. Harding Briefe Answere sig. Aijv I am blameles, who folow such informations, as fresh from Paules Crosse I haue receiued.
1613 W. Gamage Linsi-woolsie i. Epigr. lxiv. p. xxii I meete percase Dell Thraso at the shore, As he came fresh from Irelands dismall warre.
1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. i. ii. 31 Great yellow Frogs also are much admired: especially when they come fresh out of the Pond.
1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 17 By forms unfashion'd, fresh from Nature's hand.
1816 M. Keating Trav. (1817) I. 45 A..production..fresh from the press.
1877 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 3) I. App. 673 The narrative..was fresh from the lips of an Englishman.
1955 ‘C. S. Forester’ Good Shepherd 45 That boy was one of the new draft, fresh out of boot-camp.
1978 Cashbox July 24/3 Fresh off a plane from Alaska, the group had no trouble warming up the audience.
2009 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 26 Sept. d5 The Ticats came into this game feeling good about themselves, fresh off a victory last Friday against the defending-champion Calgary Stampeders.
2017 Financial Times (Nexis) 23 July (Features section) 8 Allan Clayton, fresh from his success as Hamlet last year at Glyndebourne, sings an expressive Jonathan.
c. With on or to: that has newly or recently come to the place specified. Also in extended use.
ΚΠ
1820 W. Combe Tour Dr. Syntax through London iv. 102 The booby fresh to town.
1897 Bristol Times & Mirror 16 June 6/4 The lodging-home, where really comfortable accommodation will be found for young men fresh to the city.
1986 J. Kelly & M. Turner Good Morning Detroit viii. 133 I was fresh on the scene, and I wanted to revamp the show.
2016 Wauchope (New S. Wales) Gaz. (Nexis) 24 Mar. 11 Fresh on the market is this conveniently located 3 bedroom home.
12.
a. Raw, inexperienced, novice; unsophisticated, ‘green’. Also: (University slang) †characteristic of a first-year student (obsolete). Now somewhat rare.Recorded earliest in freshman n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > unaccustomedness or state of disuse > [adjective] > not used or accustomed > not used or experienced
youngOE
inexpertc1450
unfleshed1542
green1548
fresha1557
callow1580
pen-feathered1598
puisne1598
puny1602
unfledgeda1616
inexperienced1626
pin-feathered1641
sucking1648
infledgeda1661
inexperient1670
fledgeless1769
wet behind the ears1851
society > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [adjective] > first year
fresh1834
freshmanic1837
frosh1947
a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) xxiii. 86 Ie go about both bi see and land to maak oon freschman.
1578 W. B. tr. Appian of Alexandria Aunc. Hist. Romanes Warres ii. 153 Putting his trust more in mingled multitude of men that were fresh sol[d]oures, than in men, that for experience and time, were acquainted with the warre.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. iv. 145 How green you are, and fresh in this old world. View more context for this quotation
1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 184 Between two Armies both made up of fresh Men, that have never seen any Service.
1720 W. R. Chetwood Voy. Capt. R. Falconer i. 13 Reserv'd by the old Sailors..must not be touch'd by the fresh Men, as they call 'em.
1814 E. S. Barrett Heroine (ed. 2) III. xxx. 17 If I don't tell the coach-maker what a fresh one he was, to give you his barouche on tick.
1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey II. iv. vi. 225 Did you ever fight a duel? No!.. Well! you're fresh indeed!
1834 Oxf. Univ. Mag. 1 101 It is very fresh to walk about in academic costume with a stick in his hand.
1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xix. 237 He was a perfectly fresh man, not having yet undertaken a journey.
1920 R. H. Schauffler Fiddler's Luck iv. 47 I was overwhelmed with howls of derision and assurances that I was a very fresh freshman indeed.
2010 W. Salomone & S. McDonald Inside Writing (ed. 7) i. 37 I was very ‘fresh’ and inexperienced; in fact, I had never even danced with a girl.
b. New or unaccustomed to a situation, activity, or thing.
ΚΠ
1714 T. Parnell Let. 4 May in Lett. Pope (1735) I. 311 Still untir'd with one another, and fresh to the Pleasures of the Country.
1832 H. Douglas Naval Evolutions 1 Those of my readers who may have perused my former Statements,..and such as come fresh to the subject, are entreated to observe,..[etc.].
1919 F. W. Mott War Neuroses & Shell Shock 159 Not only soldiers who are fresh to trench warfare..but even experienced soldiers, who have become emotive on account of prolonged stress, may be similarly affected.
1991 C. Gentry J. Edger Hoover vi. xx. 292 Clark, apparently so fresh to the job that he didn't realise the AG [= attorney general] had to obtain his subordinate's permission, agreed.
2016 Western News (Libby, Montana) (Nexis) 13 May We have an interesting mix of some experienced ballplayers and some kids who are fresh to the sport.
13. slang (originally U.S., esp. in African-American usage). New and exciting; fashionable; good, excellent; cool.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > fashionableness > [adjective] > fashion-conscious or following fashion
fashion-monging1600
fashionable1609
fashionly1613
modish1652
mody1701
knowing1768
fadding1864
downtown1914
cool1918
fashion-conscious1951
switched-on1964
trendoid1979
fresh1984
kewl1990
1984 Washington Post 25 Nov. g3/1 Fatness is not a hook for most rappers, but the Boys say it's what keeps them ‘fresh’.
1993 Vibe Sept. 78/1 The freshest tricks happen right here [sc. in San Francisco], by the time they get out to New England, it's, like, old and shit.
1999 FEDS Mag. 1 iv. 10/1 It looked and smelled exactly like hash... Rich used to sell them pieces for like twenty, fifty dollars, he used to stay fresh like that, sheepskins..leather bombers.
2020 @JP_dng 20 Jan. in twitter.com (accessed 11 Feb. 2020) Why he so fresh tho damn.
B. n.1
I. General senses.
1. Fresh food, esp. meat or fish; freshly butchered meat; unpreserved or unsalted meat. Now North American regional and Caribbean.In Old English in partitive genitive singular as postmodifier.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > [noun] > food in terms of quality or quantity
freshOE
farec1275
gorgeful1611
faring1655
scran1808
income1896
spoon1922
functional food1989
OE Lacnunga (2001) I. lxx. 58 Ete sealtne mete & nowiht fersces.
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 7286 He..made hem at aise wiþ fresche and selt.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 122 (MED) Dayntes dryuen þerwyth of ful dere metes, Foysoun of þe fresche.
1883 ‘S. Bonner’ Dial. Tales 88 Never did she sit you down to her table unless she had ‘fresh’, an' maybe a couple o' chickens besides.
1918 E. C. Parsons Folk-Tales Andros Island, Bahamas lxix. 118 His wife is very sick and need some fresh. He send him to the pasture for a kid.
1979 A. M. Tizzard On Sloping Ground xiii. 226 When the neighbours butchered, we got a good meal of fresh.
†2. A delightful or joyous person. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 2461 That faire fresh whanne thou maist see Thyne herte shall so rauysshed be.
a1450 (?1420) J. Lydgate Temple of Glas (Tanner) (1891) l. 577 (MED) To loue and serue..The goodli fressh.
?a1500 Court of Love (Trin. Cambr. R.3.19) l. 832 in K. Forni Chaucerian Apocrypha (2005) Daunger had, a lite, This godely fressh in rule and governaunce.
3. The early part of a day, year, person's life, etc. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > period > [noun] > beginning or end of a period
terminusOE
springinga1398
topc1440
fresh1566
front1609
skirt1624
epoch1673
turn1697
terminus post quem1834
terminus ante quem1858
1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. xliii. f. 143v I myself will departe from hence to morowe at night after supper, and will ride in Poste in the freshe of the nighte.
1715 J. Barker Exilius ii. 22 They went to divert themselves in a cool Walk, during the fresh of the Morning.
1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 93 And for that Work, he took the Fresh of the Morning.
1883 ‘Holme Lee’ Loving & Serving I. xv. 288 In the fresh of the morning it is the greatest delight.
1889 J. R. Lowell Lett. (1894) II. 381 The robins..keep on pretending it is the fresh of the year.
1912 in D. H. Lawrence Compl. Poems (1993) 407 And very sweet while the sunlight waves In the fresh of the morning, it is to be A teacher of these young boys.
1986 T. Robinson Stones of Aran: Pilgrimage (1990) iii. 136 Ó Direáin's reminiscential work often returns to this sea-harvest in the fresh of the year.
4. A sudden increase of wind; a gust, squall. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > blast or gust of
ghosteOE
blasta1000
blas?c1225
ragec1405
blorec1440
flaw1513
thud1513
flaga1522
fuddera1522
flake1555
flan1572
whid?1590
flirta1592
gust1594
berry1598
wind-catch1610
snuff1613
stress1625
flash1653
blow1655
fresh1662
scud1694
flurry1698
gush1704
flam1711
waff1727
flawer1737
Roger's Blasta1825
flaff1827
slat1840
scart1861
rodges-blast1879
huffle1889
slap1890
slammer1891
Sir Roger1893
1662 T. Allin Jrnl. 18 Nov. (1939) (modernized text) I. 110 They with a fresh of wind ran through.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 36 If I should be taken with a Fresh of Wind.
1823 W. Scoresby Jrnl. Voy. Northern Whale-fishery 23 In the afternoon we had a fresh of wind.
1902 E. Wharton Valley of Decision II. iii. 125 Hardly had he made..[the sail] fast when a fresh of wind came down the lake.
1968 F. Chichester Gypsy Moth circles World (U.S. ed.) xiii. 164 Sure enough, a fresh of wind, 30 knots, with some fairly hefty waves.
II. Senses referring to water, and related senses.
†5. A source or body of fresh water (see sense A. 2b). In later use chiefly in plural. Obsolete.In quot. 1327 in a surname.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > body of water > [noun]
watereOE
freshlOE
openc1485
strand1513
shard1590
water body1723
drink1832
lane1835
swim1880
nappe1887
dead zone1971
lOE Laws: Hit Becwæð (Corpus Cambr.) iii. 400 Ne furh ne fotmæl, ne land ne læsse [read læse], ne fersc ne mersc, ne ruh ne rum.
1309 ( Royal Charter: William I to St. Martin-le-Grand, London in D. Bates Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum (1998) 598 Þa cyrican in Mealdune..mid eallan þingun þe þærto belimpað, on wude and on felde, on sealte and on fersce.
1327 Lay Subsidy Roll in F. H. Dickinson Kirby's Quest for Somerset (1889) 103 Gilbertus atte Freche.
a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 63 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) A small fresh or brooke that falleth into the Nure.
1612 J. Smith Map of Virginia 13 It groweth like a flagge in low muddy freshes.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iii. ii. 68 He shall drinke naught but brine, for Ile not shew him Where the quicke Freshes are. View more context for this quotation
1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. ii. 952 Brouzed On celery wild, from watery freshes gleaned [ἑλεόθρεπτόν τε σέλινον].
1817 J. Keats Let. 17 Apr. (1958) I. 131 I see Carisbrooke Castle from my window, and have found several delightful wood-alleys, and copses, and quick freshes.
1906 R. Cariveau Unseen Save of Solitude 51 The little freshes where wee minnows play.
6. A rush of water or increase of the stream in a river; a flash flood. Also: a flood of fresh water flowing into the sea; an ebb tide increased by heavy rainfall. Frequently in plural.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > body of water > river water > [noun]
running waterOE
river watera1398
streams?a1535
fresha1552
blood1852
runnage1864
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > tide > type of tide > [noun] > ebbing or flowing out
ebba1000
ebbingc1000
fresha1552
fall1571
vale-water1589
refloat1594
reflow1610
downtide1668
recurrency1724
out1756
retroposition1836
ebb-tide1837
recurrence1857
a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) III. 98 Lichet Village and an Arme out of Pole Water beting with a litle fresch.
1682 J. Collins Salt & Fishery 10 Sometimes there are great freshes in the River of Tyne.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 25 We met with the Freshes off the Shore caused by the Upland Rains.
1765 Philos. Trans. 1764 (Royal Soc.) 54 83 The officers observed the king's boat to float suddenly, which they attributed to a great fresh.
1848 S. W. Williams Middle Kingdom I. i. 18 The banks are not so low as to be injured or overflown to any great extent by the freshes.
1939 Proc. Bristol Naturalists's Soc. 4th Ser. 9 216 We have stick eels which are small forms descending with the first freshes in August.
2015 Virginia Mag. Hist. & Biogr. 123 300 Although spring freshes were an annual part of riparian life in colonial Virginia, the flood of 1771 exceeded previous high water marks by fifteen to twenty feet.
7.
a. The freshwater part of a tidal river next above the salt water; a freshwater stream running out into a tideway. Frequently in plural. Originally North American. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > freshet
freshet1598
fresh1634
1634 A. White Relation Ld. Baltemore's Plantation 4 It runnes vp to the North about 20. miles before it comes to the fresh.
1683 W. Penn in Mem. Hist. Soc. Pennsylvania (1826) I. 412 We are one hundred and thirty miles from the main sea, and forty miles up the freshes.
1705 R. Beverley Hist. Virginia ii. ii. 6 By running up into the Freshes with the Ship..during the Five or Six Weeks, that the Worm is thus above Water.
1999 R. Deakin Waterlog (2000) vii. 83 I floated out into the freshes, the water beyond the marsh,..letting myself drift with the tide along the strand towards the mouth of the Stiffkey River.
b. In plural. The land or lands adjoining the freshwater part of a tidal river next above the salt water. North American. Now historical and rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near river > [noun]
haleOE
haugh1487
strath1549
wartha1641
freshes1652
intervale1653
interval1684
riverfront1751
river bottom1752
creek-bottom1822
flat1852
1652 Patent in G. D. McJimsey Topogr. Terms in Virginia (1940) 72/1 Eight hundred Acres of Land..Upon the South Side and within the ffreshes of Yorke river.
1708 J. Oldmixon Brit. Empire in Amer. I. 151 This part of the Delaware is call'd the Freshes.
1896 P. A. Bruce Econ. Hist. Virginia I. 500 note His plantation..was situated in the freshes of Rappahannock River.
1998 P. F. Rush Willis Family Northern Neck Virginia iv. 53 Edmund Gunstocker was granted 150 acres in the freshes of the Rappahannock River.
C. adv.
1. In a fresh manner (in various senses of the adjective); freshly. Now chiefly: in an impudent, disrespectful, or inappropriate manner (cf. sense A. 8).In quot. a1350: †clearly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > [adverb] > of attire, decor, etc.
fresh1523
a1350 (a1325) St. Cecilia (Ashm.) l. 92 in Yale Stud. in Eng. (1898) 3 72 Þei þis hous were vol of rede rosen..I ne miȝte hem verisore [a1350 Laud versschere] smul..þen ich nou do.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 2487 Al freissh I syh hem springe and dance.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 190 Yclothed was she fressh, for to deuyse.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 1423 With the small pype, for it most fresche will call.
1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 39 A pavylyon..garnysshed fresshe after my fantasy.
1594 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 iii. ii. 188 A hefer dead and bleeding fresh.
1686 London Gaz. No. 2181/4 The Wind blowing very fresh..forced into the Downs a Dutch Man of War.
1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Jewish War i. xiv, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 717 Antony..remembering very fresh the wars he had gone through.
1805 Ld. Nelson in Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. 77 If it comes on to blow fresh I shall make the signal for Boats to repair on board.
1944 Queen's Univ. Jrnl.: Sci. Ed. (Queen's Univ., Kingston, Ont.) 11 Feb. 2/5 They were on their way home from a big party and he was slightly soused—just enough to start acting fresh with her.
2003 J. Markell Sailor's Weather Guide (ed. 2) ii. iv. 89 They [sc. easterly trade winds] are light and calm during the night and early morning, blowing fresh and steady from late morning through the afternoon.
2014 @WatCanISay_UmMe 24 Sept. in twitter.com (accessed 6 Feb. 2020) I hate when men talk fresh to me bruh.
2. Newly, recently; not long ago. Also: anew, afresh.In quot. 1629: †immediately.
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the world > time > relative time > immediacy > [adverb]
soonc825
ratheeOE
rathelyeOE
rekeneOE
rekenlyOE
thereright971
anonOE
forth ona1000
coflyc1000
ferlyc1000
radlyOE
swiftlyc1000
unyoreOE
yareOE
at the forme (also first) wordOE
nowOE
shortlya1050
rightOE
here-rightlOE
right anonlOE
anonc1175
forthrightc1175
forthwithalc1175
skeetc1175
swithc1175
with and withc1175
anon-rightc1225
anon-rights?c1225
belivec1225
lightly?c1225
quickly?c1225
tidelyc1225
fastlyc1275
hastilyc1275
i-radlichec1275
as soon asc1290
aright1297
bedenea1300
in little wevea1300
withoute(n dwella1300
alrightc1300
as fast (as)c1300
at firstc1300
in placec1300
in the placec1300
mididonec1300
outrightc1300
prestc1300
streck13..
titec1300
without delayc1300
that stounds1303
rada1325
readya1325
apacec1325
albedenec1330
as (also also) titec1330
as blivec1330
as line rightc1330
as straight as linec1330
in anec1330
in presentc1330
newlyc1330
suddenlyc1330
titelyc1330
yernec1330
as soon1340
prestly1340
streckly1340
swithly?1370
evenlya1375
redelya1375
redlya1375
rifelya1375
yeplya1375
at one blastc1380
fresha1382
ripelyc1384
presentc1385
presently1385
without arrestc1385
readilyc1390
in the twinkling of a looka1393
derflya1400
forwhya1400
skeetlya1400
straighta1400
swifta1400
maintenantc1400
out of handc1400
wightc1400
at a startc1405
immediately1420
incontinent1425
there and then1428
onenec1429
forwithc1430
downright?a1439
agatec1440
at a tricec1440
right forth1440
withouten wonec1440
whipc1460
forthwith1461
undelayed1470
incessantly1472
at a momentc1475
right nowc1475
synec1475
incontinently1484
promptly1490
in the nonce?a1500
uncontinent1506
on (upon, in) the instant1509
in short1513
at a clap1519
by and by1526
straightway1526
at a twitch1528
at the first chop1528
maintenantly1528
on a tricea1529
with a tricec1530
at once1531
belively1532
straightwaysa1533
short days1533
undelayedly1534
fro hand1535
indelayedly1535
straight forth1536
betimesc1540
livelyc1540
upononc1540
suddenly1544
at one (or a) dash?1550
at (the) first dash?1550
instantly1552
forth of hand1564
upon the nines1568
on the nail1569
at (also in, with) a thoughtc1572
indilately1572
summarily1578
at one (a) chop1581
amain1587
straightwise1588
extempore1593
presto1598
upon the place1600
directly1604
instant1604
just now1606
with a siserary1607
promiscuously1609
at (in) one (an) instant1611
on (also upon) the momenta1616
at (formerly also on or upon) sight1617
hand to fist1634
fastisha1650
nextly1657
to rights1663
straightaway1663
slap1672
at first bolt1676
point-blank1679
in point1680
offhand1686
instanter1688
sonica1688
flush1701
like a thought1720
in a crack1725
momentary1725
bumbye1727
clacka1734
plumba1734
right away1734
momentarily1739
momentaneously1753
in a snap1768
right off1771
straight an end1778
abruptedly1784
in a whistle1784
slap-bang1785
bang?1795
right off the reel1798
in a whiff1800
in a flash1801
like a shot1809
momently1812
in a brace or couple of shakes1816
in a gird1825
(all) in a rush1829
in (also at, on) short (also quick) order1830
straightly1830
toot sweetc1830
in two twos1838
rectly1843
quick-stick1844
short metre1848
right1849
at the drop of a (occasionally the) hat1854
off the hooks1860
quicksticks1860
straight off1873
bang off1886
away1887
in quick sticks (also in a quick stick)1890
ek dum1895
tout de suite1895
bung1899
one time1899
prompt1910
yesterday1911
in two ups1934
presto changeo1946
now-now1966
presto change1987
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > [adverb]
fresha1382
freshlyc1425
newfangly1529
anew1535
newly1553
novelly1821
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. xxxii. 17 Þei offredyn to deuylys & not to god: to goddys þe which þei knewe not, newe & fresche [altered from fersche] comyn.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vii. lix. 419 Triacle schal be leide to, freissch and freisch, ofte tyme forto þe posteme breke.
1590 L. Lloyd Consent of Time 608 (heading) The reigne of Alexand. Seuerus: by whose good meanes and great trauaile persecution somewhat slackt, at what time diuers Heresies beganne fresh in many places of Asia and Europe.
1629 Vse of Law 82 in J. Doddridge Lawyers Light If fresh after the goods were stolne, the true owner maketh pursuit.
1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth i. 145 When the earth was fresh broken.
1709 tr. C. J. Poncet Voy. Æthiopia 11 Thick Beer..being bad to keep, they are forc'd to make it Fresh, almost every Hour.
1747 J. Wesley Primitive Physick 103 Put..into the Ear..a Piece of Plantane Root fresh digg'd up.
1780 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal ii. ii. 18 Mrs. Candour. She has a charming fresh colour. L. Teazle. Yes, when it is fresh put on.
1866 Latter-Day Saints' Millenial Star 8 Sept. 575/2 His bedroom had been fresh painted.
1954 E. Forbes Rainbow on Road xx. 121 She was fresh arrived from Italy.
1974 J. B. Keane Lett. Love-hungry Farmer in Celebrated Lett. (1996) 187 We will forget past failures and start fresh.
2002 Village Voice (N.Y.) 8 Jan. 14/1 (advt.) Made fresh daily: hoomoos, soups, salads, falafels, shish kababs, entrees.

Phrases

P1. In similes and comparisons suggesting newness, vitality, etc., such as fresh as a daisy, fresh as paint, fresh as a rose, etc.See also (as) fresh as May.
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c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 595 (MED) Nas þer ȝong mon ne old þat ȝernloker wrouȝte þen Eualac and Seraphe..souȝten, Also fresch as þe hauk, freschore þat tyme þen..in heore furste come.
c1390 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 180 (MED) Heo is of colour..As fresch as is þe Rose In May.
1522 Worlde & Chylde (de Worde) (1909) sig. A.iiiv I am as freshe as flourys in maye I am semely shapen in same.
1706 T. D'Urfey Wonders in Sun iii. 52 Y'are fresh as a Rose.
1779 A. Bicknell Prince Arthur I. vi. 86 A lovely lady, fresh as the morning.
1814 E. S. Barrett Heroine (ed. 2) III. xxxiii. 92 Forth they walked..as fresh as an oyster.
1881 Dr. Gheist 217 Though nearly seventy years of age, he is still hale and ‘fresh as paint’.
2012 MailOnline (Nexis) 5 Apr. Jessica-Jane Clement still looked as fresh as a daisy in a yellow dress during her third night out in a row.
†P2. of (also on) fresh: afresh, anew. Cf. of new at new adj. and n. Phrases 1. Obsolete. [Perhaps originally as an expanded form of afresh adv. (in form on fresh by confusion of a- prefix4 ( < of- prefix) with a- prefix3).]
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the world > time > frequency > [adverb] > anew or again
moeOE
of newOE
yetOE
againOE
newlyOE
once morelOE
anewc1305
newa1325
i-gainc1325
againwardc1380
upon new1399
freshlya1413
newlings1440
of the newc1449
afreshc1450
of (also on) fresh1490
for the newc1535
backwardly1552
over againa1568
over1598
de novo1627
all over1811
1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xliii. 165 The battayl beganne of fresshe to be sore fyers.
1526 W. Bonde Rosary sig. Bvi Than thy payne began of fresshe to be renewed.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 190 Wars began againe to arise on fresh.
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre i. xvi. 25 This sight so inspirited the Christians, that coming in on fresh, they obtained a most glorious victorie.
1700 Valentine & Orson sig. A2v [Her lam]entations began of fresh.
P3. fresh and fresh: (esp. of food) newly made or obtained. Also in extended use. Cf. hot and hot. Now rare and archaic.
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1548 F. Bryan tr. A. de Guevara Dispraise Life Courtier vii. sig. f.iiiv Where the courtiers vse to eate fleshe and corrupt venison & wildefoule that is long kept, they of the village haue their meate freshe and freshe, tender and holsome, & as one may say, in good season.
1651 Mercurius Politicus No. 74. 1188 Here have been severall Letters brought, fresh and fresh, affirming the Barbadas to be surrender'd up to Sr. George Aisgough.
1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. iii. v. 55 The other Fish we took as we had occasion fresh and fresh.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 452. ¶5 By this means my Readers will have their News fresh and fresh.
1729 E. Strother Family Compan. for Health 100 If People then should be oblig'd to have Recourse to the Roasters of Coffee for all they use, and could have none raw, to roast at Pleasure, and to have fresh and fresh, Coffee would not be of use.
1848 Punch 14 4/1 How much better would it have been if they had..supplied their memoirs fresh and fresh, like new milk, or hot and hot, like mutton chops, to an appreciating world?
1888 R. Kipling Plain Tales from Hills 235 The money always came fresh and fresh each month.
1910 P. W. Joyce Eng. as we speak it in Ireland xiii. 258 I wish you to send me the butter every morning: I like to have it fresh and fresh.
1993 P. O'Brian Wine-dark Sea vii. 162 Two more were eaten fresh and fresh by all hands, sitting on the deck round a large pan.
P4. fresh on the heels of: soon after; closely following in time. Cf. on a person's heels at heel n.1 and int. Phrases 1a(a).
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1816 E. Samuel Hist. Acct. Brit. Army 547 This summary mode of executing sentences, making the punishment follow fresh on the heels of the offence, must always have a salutory effect.
1922 Times of India 16 Aug. 14/1 Fresh on the heels of their successes in the French Grand Prix, English machines swept the board at a big Belgian race meeting.
2018 Aberdeen Press & Jrnl. (Nexis) 12 Apr. 29 Fresh on the heels of ambitious plans for transforming Broad Street.., city council officials have unveiled another project.
P5. colloquial (originally North American). to be fresh out (of): to have just sold or run out of a supply of something; to have completely exhausted a supply of something. Cf. out of prep. 13.
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1910 Detroit Free Press 29 Dec. 4/3 Come along with your diaries, gentlemen. We're fresh out of reading matter.
1948 J. Maresca My Flag is Down xxiv. 171 By this time he's fresh out of cigarettes and I get him a pack.
1951 Changing Times (Kiplinger's Personal Finance) Aug. 31/2 Can you send me another case of widgets? We're fresh out, and the plant needs them pronto.
1987 F. Earley Setup vii. 165 Sorry, but we're fresh out of coffee, tea and milk.
2014 G. Wiles Where Birds hide at Night 133 I've tried everything..and I'm fresh out of ideas.

Compounds

C1. Compounds of the adverb with past (and occasionally present) participial adjectives, in the sense ‘freshly, recently’, as in fresh-baked, fresh-squeezed, etc.
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1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. ccxv/1 The bloode ran aboute out of her body, lyke as a streme renneth out of a fresshe spryngyng welle.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. lviii. D Thou shalt be like a freshwatred garden.
a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. l. 31562 Ane new fresche armit gard.
1645 J. Milton L'Allegro in Poems 31 Fresh-blown Roses washt in dew.
1700 S. L. tr. C. Schweitzer Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies 238 The Gutts of their Cattle fresh killed.
1735 W. Somervile Chace ii. 110 In each smiling Countenance appears Fresh-blooming Health.
1777 T. Warton Ode 1st Apr. 29 The fresh-turn'd soil.
1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple II. xiii. 224 Looking as red and hot as a fresh-boiled lobster.
1885 Fortn. Rev. Feb. 170 No doubt the thawing of fresh-fallen snow is not pleasant.
1955 A. Atkinson Exit Charlie (1957) iv. 114 Furniss, arrested by the smell of fresh-ground coffee, slackened his pace passing the window of the Duchess Café.
1991 S. Mitchell Parables & Portraits 57 A fresh-baked sourdough baguette on the picnic table.
2008 R. Foley Tequila 1000 ii. 12 Angel's Temptation. 2 oz. Gran Centenario Plata tequila. ¾oz. Grand Marnier. 2 oz. fresh-squeezed lime juice.
C2. Compounds of the adjective.
a. With present participles forming adjectives in which fresh expresses the complement of the underlying verb, as in fresh-looking, fresh-smelling, fresh-tasting, etc.
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1597 G. Markham tr. G. Pétau de Maulette Deuoreux clxv. f. 28v Vertue is drawne, fresh-looking, neuer old.
1681 H. Harrison Weary Traveller 232 Mans life, with all its fresh seeming contentments.
1798 D. Wordsworth Jrnl. 26 Sept. (1959) I. 24 A fine fresh-looking woman.
1848 H. Rogers Ess. (1860) III. 314 The fresh-looking masonry of yesterday.
1897 Morningside (Columbia Univ., N.Y.) 2 Feb. 17 It was a delightful vision of cool, fresh-smelling rooms, of sanded floors, [etc.].
1981 Bon Appétit May 25/1 A fresh-tasting fruit sorbet or tart.
2018 Asianetindia.com (Nexis) 16 Mar. Massage your skin with this scrub and rinse off with lukewarm water on a weekly basis for soft and fresh-looking skin.
b. Forming adjectives with the sense ‘that has (a) fresh ——’, by combining with a noun + -ed, as in fresh-coloured, fresh-complexioned, etc., and derived nouns, as in fresh-heartedness, etc.
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1605 Bp. J. Hall Medit. & Vowes I. §24 Fresh-coloured wares, if they bee often opened, leese their brightnesse.
1686 London Gaz. No. 2156/4 A Girl of about 11 years of Age..light brown hair, and fresh Complectioned.
1714 London Gaz. No. 5249/4 One William Williams, a fresh look'd Boy.
1730 R. Savage Verses Viscountess Tyrconnel's Recovery 5 Fresh-tinctur'd like a summer-evening sky.
1837 N. Hawthorne Twice-told Tales (1851) II. viii. 123 But I cried the fresh-hearted New Year.
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxxi. 320 With a fresh-coloured face.
1870 Illustr. London News 29 Oct. 438 The fresh-heartedness, generosity, and heroism which seagoing has a manifest aptitude to nourish.
1992 Guardian (Nexis) 10 Apr. 39 George looked the countryman he was—sturdy, fresh-complexioned, genial, a good walker.
c. Forming verbs with the sense ‘to give (a) fresh —— to’, as in fresh coat, etc. Similarly forming verbal nouns with the sense ‘the action of giving (a) fresh —— to’, as in fresh covering, fresh dooring.
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?1775 S. Foote Maid of Bath i. 19 To turn the lace and fresh button the suit.
1826 M. R. Mitford Our Village II. 14 By dint of whitening and sash-windowing and fresh-dooring the old ample farm-house has become a very genteel-looking residence.
1836 E. Howard Rattlin, the Reefer (ed. 2) I. xxii. 237 When I had fresh skinned myself, and it took me more than a week to do it..[etc.].
1938 Windsor Mag. Mar. 562/2 Introduce some fresh note into the home... Furniture needs fresh covering at times.
2014 @NYRKelsMads 4 June in twitter.com (accessed 10 Feb. 2020) My nails look like shit but I can't fresh coat them til tomorrow.
C3.
fresh breeze n. Meteorology a wind of force 5 on the Beaufort scale, in modern use corresponding to a speed of 17–21 knots (19–24 mph, 29–38 km/h), at which small trees in leaf begin to sway, and many long or white-crested waves appear on the sea.Force 6 in Beaufort's first draft of his scale (quot. 1806).
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the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > fresh wind
fresh breeze1806
fresher1894
1806 F. Beaufort MS Logbk. (MET/2/1/2/3/540) 12–13 Jan. Hereafter I shall estimate the force of the wind according to the following scale... 6 Fresh breeze... 10 Fresh gale.
1831 F. Beaufort in R. Fitzroy Narr. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle (1839) II. ii. 40 Figures... to denote the force of the wind... Fresh Breeze... Or that to which a well-conditioned man-of-war could just carry in chase, full and by Royals, &c.
1911 Mariner′s Mirror 1 114 A working topsail is a sail which can be carried on a wind in a fresh breeze.
2019 Hobart (Australia) Mercury (Nexis) 9 Mar. 55 Saturday was a day for good seamanship by the young sailors in a fresh breeze gusting to 25 knots.
fresh comer n. a person who has recently come to a place, situation, etc.; a newcomer.
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1602 A. Munday tr. 3rd Pt. Palmerin of Eng. xxi. f. 47 Euery Knight,..hauing runne and broken their staues, should depart & giue place to all fresh commers.
1890 Spectator 4 Oct. Fresh-comers from England and elsewhere.
2011 This Day (Lagos, Nigeria) 31 Mar. Fresh comers are steadily being integrated with the old band as the future mainstream of the team.
fresh-faced adj. having a clear and healthy-looking complexion; having a youthful, innocent appearance; (also) of or relating to such an appearance.
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the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > [adjective]
(fair) of flesh and fellc1000
cleara1400
coloureda1400
well-complexioned1483
complexioned1615
complexionary1656
fresh-faced1766
complected1806
complexional1820
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > types of face > [adjective]
flatc1400
hardc1400
low-cheeredc1400
large?a1425
ruscledc1440
well-visagedc1440
platter-faced1533
well-faced1534
full-faced1543
fair-faced1553
bright-faceda1560
crab-faced1563
crab-snouted1563
crab-tree-faced1563
long-visaged1584
owlya1586
wainscot-faced1588
flaberkin1592
rough-hewn1593
angel-faced1594
round-faced1594
crab-favoured1596
rugged1596
weasel-faced1596
rough-faced1598
half-faced1600
chitty1601
lenten-faced1604
broad-faced1607
dog-faced1607
weaselled-faced1607
wry-faced1607
maid-faced1610
warp-faced1611
ill-faceda1616
lean-faceda1616
old-faceda1616
moon-faced1619
monkey-faced1620
chitty-face1622
chitty-faceda1627
lean-chapt1629
antic-faced1635
bloat-faced1638
bacon-facea1640
blue-faced1640
hatchet-faced1648
grave1650
lean-jawed1679
smock-faced1684
lean-visaged1686
flaber1687
baby-faced1692
splatter-faced1707
chubby1722
puggy1722
block-faced1751
haggard-looking1756
long-faced1762
haggardly1763
fresh-faced1766
dough-faced1773
pudding-faced1777
baby-featured1780
fat-faced1782
haggard1787
weazen-face1794
keen1798
ferret-like1801
lean-cheeked1812
mulberry-faced1812
open-faced1813
open-countenanced1819
chiselled1821
hatchety1821
misfeatured1822
terse1824
weazen-faced1824
mahogany-faced1825
clock-faced1827
sharp1832
sensual1833
beef-faced1838
weaselly1838
ferret-faced1840
sensuous1843
rat-faced1844
recedent1849
neat-faced1850
cherubimical1854
pinch-faced1859
cherubic1860
frownya1861
receding1866
weak1882
misfeaturing1885
platopic1885
platyopic1885
pro-opic1885
wind-splitting1890
falcon-face1891
blunt-featured1916
bun-faced1927
fish-faced1963
1766 H. Spencer Life 8 Vitia, in prime of Youth and Beauty's Bloom, Received a fresh-fac'd Foot-man in her room.
1862 H. Marryat One Year in Sweden II. 354 Fresh-faced girls sit knitting by their myrtles.
1953 Washington Post 17 June 30/4 This is the treatment used by both Parisian and Italian women to obtain a radiant fresh faced look.
2013 R. Bowen Family Way xx. 169 She was so young, so fresh-faced and cheerful, and it seems like such a horrible, senseless end to her life.
fresh find v. Hunting transitive to find (a deer, fox, etc.) after the scent has been lost (also intransitive).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting specific animals > [verb (transitive)] > hunt deer > other deer-hunting actions
strikea1400
rechasea1450
harbour1531
lodge1575
blanch1592
fresh find1811
withe1839
flag1884
yarda1891
1811 Trewman's Exeter Flying-post 7 Nov. Returned over an open country to Meshaw brake, where he [sc. a fox] was fresh found.
1855 Jrnl. 28 Sept. in J. Fortescue Rec. Stag-hunting Exmoor (1887) App. A. 190 We had fresh found our deer.
1899 Westm. Gaz. 18 Aug. 3/1 A clever huntsman..usually succeeds in fresh-finding his deer.
1950 Westm. Gaz. 17 Mar. 4/4 The Master..fresh found his morning fox.
1984 Country Life 13 Dec. 1855/3 Most of the field of 50 or so..were still with us when the hounds fresh found in the thick bottom of Muckinger.
fresh fish n. slang a new recruit; a person inexperienced in a particular occupation, activity, etc.; (often) spec. (U.S. Prison slang) a new inmate in a prison or other institution.rare before 19th cent.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prisoner > [noun] > first timer
starOE
fresh fish1623
star1903
stooge1930
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII ii. iii. 87 I haue beene begging sixteene years in Court..: and you (oh fate) A very fresh Fish here.
1853 tr. M. Lermontov Sketches Russ. Life in Caucasus i. 47 The uniform he wore was so very new, and so carefully fitted and put on, that I at once guessed, without difficulty, that he was..an entirely fresh fish in the Caucasus.
1859 Calif. Police Gaz. 10 Apr. 1/4 If a new prisoner arrived at night he was put into the room..and the instant he entered, his arrival would be signalized by the words ‘fresh fish’.
1919 J. W. Gaskill Footpr. through Dixie vi. 111 He has passed the entered apprentice degree in soldiery and is no longer a ‘fresh fish’.
1971 J. D. Horan Blue Messiah x. 119 The fresh fish..are turned over to the old cons.
2019 @TheCatholicGod 24 July in twitter.com (accessed 6 Aug. 2020) You are scared like fresh fish in prison.
fresh-frozen adj. that has been frozen while still fresh.
ΚΠ
1938 Western Daily Press 2 Nov. 5/5 Fresh Frozen Foods… Once thawed they should be handled like ordinary fresh fruit or vegetables.
1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 25 Jan. 199/1 The treatment of hemophilia until very recently was dependent almost entirely upon fresh-frozen and lyophilized plasma.
2018 Supermarket News (Nexis) 10 Feb. The ‘it’ product right now just might be cauliflower rice, and this version from Birds Eye is made with 100% vegetables. The fresh-frozen vegetables cook in the bag for easy convenience.
fresh-found adj. Hunting (of a deer, fox, etc.) newly scented by the hounds, etc., on a hunt.
ΚΠ
1840 New Monthly Mag. Sept. 18 A ravishing scent, which a fresh-found deer invariably imparts.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 545 After him, freshfound, the hue and cry zigzag gallops.
1965 Country Life 18 Mar. 601/2 A fresh-found fox from Harpers Green then led hounds to Horningtoft Wood.
fresh gale n. Meteorology a wind of force 8 on the Beaufort scale, in modern use corresponding to a speed of 34–40 knots (39–46 mph, 62–74 km/h), at which twigs break off trees and waves become high; often called simply gale.Force 10 in Beaufort's first draft of his scale (quot. 1806).
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1806 F. Beaufort MS Logbk. (MET/2/1/2/3/540) 12–13 Jan. Hereafter I shall estimate the force of the wind according to the following scale... 6 Fresh breeze... 10 Fresh gale.
1831 F. Beaufort in R. Fitzroy Narr. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle (1839) II. ii. 40 Figures... to denote the force of the wind... Fresh Gale... Or that to which a well-conditioned man-of-war could just carry in chase, full and by Treble-reefed top-sails, &c.
1902 Westm. Gaz. 11 Apr. 5/2 The worst weather experienced during the tow was a fresh gale and lumpy sea.
2016 Wexford (Ireland) People (Nexis) 12 Jan. 7 Weather conditions at the time were challenging with a Force eight fresh gale, a rough sea and driving rain.
fresh pursuit n. Law immediate and continuous pursuit of a suspect; spec. (U.S.) immediate and continuous pursuit of a suspect, in which situation a law enforcement officer is legally entitled to pursue a suspect across a jurisdictional border, or make an arrest without a warrant; cf. hot pursuit n.
ΚΠ
1563 Treaty 23 Sept. in W. Nicolson Leges Marchiarum (1705) 127 Providing the Parties grieved to follow their lawful Trode with Hound and Horn, with Hue and Cry and all other accustomed manner of fresh Pursuit.
1629 Vse of Law 82 in J. Doddridge Lawyers Light But if hee [sc. the owner] make fresh pursuit hee may take his goods from the Thiefe.
1745 Proc. Old Bailey 16 Oct. 251/1 Don't you think if you had made a fresh pursuit then you would have had more probability of meeting with them than four or five days afterwards?
1977 E. Ostrom et al. Policing Metrop. Amer. 22/1 Of the 39 States having specific legislation on intra-State fresh pursuit, 22 authorize all country and municipal peace officers to engage in fresh pursuit throughout their State for any offense.
2007 K. Wallentine Street Legal iii. 73 Most courts recognize the common-law rule of fresh pursuit of a misdemeanor suspect crossing jurisdictional lines, even in the absence of a specific state statute.
fresh-run adj. (of a fish, esp. a salmon) that has recently migrated up a river or stream from the sea.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > [adjective] > migrating > that has migrated from sea
run1821
fresh-run1828
the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [adjective] > lately run up from sea
fresh-run1828
1828 H. Davy Salmonia 91 There was a fish that rose and missed the fly—a sea trout. There, he has taken it, a fresh run fish, from his white belly and blue back.
1949 Copeia No. 3 220 On examination, the fish proved to be a fresh-run Atlantic salmon rather than the landlocked Salmo salar sebago.
2009 K. Weixlmann Great Lakes Steelhead, Salmon, & Trout i. 11/2 A fresh-run Chinook is a prized trophy that truly tests your tackle and stamina.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

freshv.

Brit. /frɛʃ/, U.S. /frɛʃ/
Forms: see fresh adj., n.1, and adv.; also early Middle English ferschi.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: fresh adj.
Etymology: < fresh adj.Compare Anglo-Norman (rare) freschir to refresh, reinvigorate (early 13th cent.). Compare also prefixed Old English aferscian (of water) to become fresh, to lose salt or saltiness (in isolated use; compare a- prefix1). With to fresh up at Phrasal verbs compare earlier to freshen up at freshen v. Phrasal verbs.
†1.
a. transitive. To provide a fresh supply of (something), to replenish; to renew; to repair (something). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > restore [verb (transitive)] > renovate or renew
newOE
freshc1300
renovela1325
renewa1382
renulec1384
refreshc1425
repairc1425
anewc1440
ennew1523
renovatea1555
renove1588
regenerate1607
righta1656
reficiate1657
freshen1710
refreshen1780
to fresh up1831
recondition1857
renovize1932
c1300 St. Vincent (Laud) l. 32 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 185 Euere he let ferschi and nevny tormentores to seint Vincent.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 727 They make Her water thryes fresshed euery day.
1513 in J. Nichols Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 107 For freshynge the canopy at the high awter.
1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 10 With fresh assaults freshing their furie so.
1635 F. Quarles Emblemes iii. Prol. 126 Groans fresht with vowes, and vowes made salt with teares.
b. transitive. To give strength or energy to (a person or thing); to reinvigorate, revive. Also: to increase. Cf. to fresh up 2 at Phrasal verbs. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > refresh or invigorate [verb (transitive)]
akeleOE
restOE
comfort1303
ease1330
quickc1350
recurea1382
refresha1382
refetec1384
restorec1384
affilea1393
enforcec1400
freshc1405
revigour?a1425
recomfortc1425
recreatec1425
quicken?c1430
revive1442
cheerc1443
refection?c1450
refect1488
unweary1530
freshen1532
corroborate1541
vige?c1550
erect?1555
recollect?1560
repose1562
respite1565
rouse1574
requicken1576
animate1585
enlive1593
revify1598
inanimate1600
insinew1600
to wind up1602
vigorize1603
inspiritc1610
invigour1611
refocillate1611
revigorate1611
renovate1614
spriten1614
repaira1616
activate1624
vigour1636
enliven1644
invigorate1646
rally1650
reinvigorate1652
renerve1652
to freshen up1654
righta1656
re-enlivena1660
recruita1661
enlighten1667
revivify1675
untire1677
reanimate1694
stimulate1759
rebrace1764
refreshen1780
brisken1799
irrigate1823
tonic1825
to fresh up1835
ginger1844
spell1846
recuperate1849
binge1854
tone1859
innerve1880
fiercen1896
to tone up1896
to buck up1909
pep1912
to zip up1927
to perk up1936
to zizz up1944
hep1948
to zing up1948
juice1964
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Ellesmere) (1868) l. 2622 Som tyme dooth hem Theseus to reste Hem to fresshen [c1405 Hengwrt refresshe], and drynken if hem leste.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 291 As diuers men han doon to fresshe her fame.
?a1450 (?c1400) Lay Folks' Catech. (Lamb.) (1901) 9 Crist wolde þat oure hope were freschyd in hym.
a1500 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Cambr.) l. 2753 + 77 The watur hym freschyd, þat was colde.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cxl. 167 They of Calays were often tymes..fresshed by stelth.
c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cxlvii. 27 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 249 [He who] Fresheth the mountaines with such needfull spring.
1635 F. Quarles Emblemes i. xi. 45 And fresh their tyred soules with strength-restoring sleepe.
1890 B. L. Gildersleeve Ess. & Stud. 190 Now stay..And fresh your life anon.
1910 Westm. Gaz. 16 Apr. 16/2 The rains have freshed the trout streams.
2. intransitive. Of the wind: to become fresh, to become stronger and colder; = freshen v. 2. Also with up. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > blow (of the wind) [verb (intransitive)] > blow strongly > increase
rise?1520
fresh1599
to come up1647
freshen1669
ascend1715
to get up1834
to blow up1840
stiffen1844
to breeze up1867
to pipe up1901
1599 J. Lok in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 107 The 16. the winde freshed, and we passed by Mount Carmel.
a1691 J. Flavell Faithful Narr. Sea-deliv. in Wks. (1701) II. 69 The Wind freshed up, and began to blow a brisk gale.
1775 E. Wild Jrnl. 19 Sept. in Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. (1814) 2nd Ser. II. 267 The wind freshing we got clear after several tacks.
1849 N. Kingsley Diary 26 June in Publ. Acad. Pacific Coast Hist. (1914) 3 261 Wind lulled a little this morning but freshed again at noon.
1907 A. J. Dawson Genteel A. B. xxxv. 298 The breeze freshed up half an hour after he killed that bird.
2001 Fairplay Ports Guide 2001–2002 IV. 4-48/2 During darkness, light SW'ly winds prevail, veering to NW'ly by noon and freshing to force 4-5.

Phrases

† transitive. Nautical. to fresh the hawse: to let out or pull in slightly a cable passing through a hawsehole, so as to change the part exposed to stress or chafing; to renew the material used to prevent a cable from chafing; cf. to freshen (the) hawse. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1644 H. Mainwaring Sea-mans Dict. 49 Fresh the Hawse, that is when we suspect that the Cabell is fretted or chafed,..then we veere out a little, to let an other part of the Cabell indure the stresse.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Hawse Freshing the Hawse, is when new Pieces are laid upon the Cable in the Hawse.

Phrasal verbs

to fresh up
1. transitive. To restore (something) to a fresh condition; to renew; to make (something) clean or tidy. Also: to make (something) appear new or different. Cf. to freshen up 2 at freshen v. Phrasal verbs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > make new or novel [verb (transitive)]
newOE
innew?a1475
newfangle1530
novelize1631
to freshen up1746
to fresh up1831
the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > restore [verb (transitive)] > renovate or renew
newOE
freshc1300
renovela1325
renewa1382
renulec1384
refreshc1425
repairc1425
anewc1440
ennew1523
renovatea1555
renove1588
regenerate1607
righta1656
reficiate1657
freshen1710
refreshen1780
to fresh up1831
recondition1857
renovize1932
1831 Englishman's Mag. June 274 I entered the gorgeous mansion, freshed up with some assistance of my purse too.
1872 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 76 It was as though the owner of a handsomely decorated apartment were to think of freshing up the gilding, or the vivid reds: leaving the rest faded.
1938 Santa Ana (Calif.) Jrnl. 26 Sept. 4/4 It's time to think of freshing up the house for winter.
1993 M. Z. Lewin Underdog v. 31 I changed shirts and freshed up the jacket with a fabric brush.
1998 Scotsman (Nexis) 6 Feb. 12 We are looking at a number of ideas to fresh up the [T.V.] station's output.
2018 Times (Nexis) 25 Jan. (Sport section) 75 Levein, the Hearts manager, also freshed up his side by making four changes from the side which defeated Hibernian.
2. transitive. To give strength or energy to (a person or animal, a person's mind, spirits, etc.); to reinvigorate, revive. Cf. to freshen up 1 at freshen v. Phrasal verbs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > refresh or invigorate [verb (transitive)]
akeleOE
restOE
comfort1303
ease1330
quickc1350
recurea1382
refresha1382
refetec1384
restorec1384
affilea1393
enforcec1400
freshc1405
revigour?a1425
recomfortc1425
recreatec1425
quicken?c1430
revive1442
cheerc1443
refection?c1450
refect1488
unweary1530
freshen1532
corroborate1541
vige?c1550
erect?1555
recollect?1560
repose1562
respite1565
rouse1574
requicken1576
animate1585
enlive1593
revify1598
inanimate1600
insinew1600
to wind up1602
vigorize1603
inspiritc1610
invigour1611
refocillate1611
revigorate1611
renovate1614
spriten1614
repaira1616
activate1624
vigour1636
enliven1644
invigorate1646
rally1650
reinvigorate1652
renerve1652
to freshen up1654
righta1656
re-enlivena1660
recruita1661
enlighten1667
revivify1675
untire1677
reanimate1694
stimulate1759
rebrace1764
refreshen1780
brisken1799
irrigate1823
tonic1825
to fresh up1835
ginger1844
spell1846
recuperate1849
binge1854
tone1859
innerve1880
fiercen1896
to tone up1896
to buck up1909
pep1912
to zip up1927
to perk up1936
to zizz up1944
hep1948
to zing up1948
juice1964
1835 J. P. Kennedy Horse-shoe Robinson I. v. 84 Put a sprinkling of salt in a bucket o' water..; it sort of freshes the cretur up like.
1897 R. Kipling Captains Courageous 260 The fresh air will fresh Mrs. Cheyne up.
1954 E. Forbes Rainbow on Road xxxix. 256 He slept in a real bed. It did take all of that forty-eight hours to get freshed up again, after all he had been through.
2010 Hindustan Times (Nexis) 23 Feb. I take a break for 15 minutes after every 45 minutes in order to fresh up my mind.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.2c1540n.31827adj.n.1adv.eOEv.c1300
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