† fullowv.

Forms:

α. Old English fullwian, Old English fulwian, Old English fuluia (Northumbrian), Old English fuluuia (Northumbrian), Old English fulwuande (Northumbrian, present participle), Old English fuuluuas (Northumbrian, 2nd singular present indicative, perhaps transmission error), Middle English folewe, Middle English folowe, Middle English folwe, Middle English fulewe, Middle English fullowe, Middle English fulwe, 1500s volow, 1500s volowe.

β. Old English fullian, Old English fulað (3rd singular present indicative, probably transmission error), Old English fyllað (3rd plural indicative, rare), early Middle English fullie, early Middle English ifylled (past participle), Middle English folle, Middle English folut (past participle), Middle English foulle, Middle English fully, Middle English uolle, Middle English volle, Middle English vulle, Middle English–1500s fulle.

γ. Old English fulgian, Old English fulguge (Northumbrian), Old English fulguia (Northumbrian), Old English fulgugia (Northumbrian), Old English fulligan, early Middle English fulehȝe, early Middle English fulȝe, early Middle English fulhe, early Middle English fulliȝe, early Middle English uulȝe, late Middle English fologhe.

N.E.D. (1898) also records a form early Middle English fuleȝe.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: full adv., English *wīhan.

Etymology: < full adv. + an unattested Old English verb *wīhan, cognate with Old Frisian wīa , wīga (West Frisian wije ), Old Dutch wīen (Middle Dutch wīen , wīhen , wīden , Dutch †wijen , †wijgen , wijden ; the forms with -d- reflect epenthesis), Old Saxon wīhian (also prefixed gawīhian ; Middle Low German wīen ), Old High German wīhen (Middle High German wīchen , wīhen , German weihen ), Gothic weihan , and (with the operation of Verner's Law) Old Icelandic vígia , Old Swedish vīghia (Swedish viga ), all in sense ‘to consecrate’ (in Old Saxon also ‘to bless’) < the same Germanic base as Old Saxon wīh , Old High German wīh (Middle High German wīch , German weih- , now only in a small number of compounds, e.g. Weihnachten Christmas, Weihrauch incense), Gothic weihs , all in sense ‘holy’, further etymology uncertain and disputed; perhaps < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin victima victim n. Compare Old Frisian fulwīed completely consecrated. Compare fulght v., fulghten v., and also fulloght n. Semantic motivation. Originally a compound verb, with the literal meaning ‘to consecrate fully’. The formation has been compared to classical Latin consignāre in its post-classical senses ‘to consecrate by making the sign of the cross’, specifically ‘to confirm’ (see consign v. and compare discussion at com- prefix). Particularly in the period of the conversion of the Anglo-Saxons, confirmation might immediately follow baptism, so that this seems semantically possible. However, the formation probably ceased to be entirely transparent at an early date. In Old English the verb contrasts in use with cristnian christen v. in its most frequent sense ‘to perform the ante-baptismal rite, including catechesis’ (compare prime-sign v. and the discussion at that entry). Historically, a lengthy period might elapse between this ante-baptismal rite and the sacrament of baptism. Form history. In Old English (unlike the parallels cited from the other older Germanic languages), the verb inflects as a weak verb of Class II. The original stem of the verb ended in a voiceless velar fricative (-h- ), which would in any case have regularly been lost between vowels, yielding a contracted verb, but the history of the forms in Old English shows further reduction as the second element of a compound in low stress. The β. forms forms show loss of the initial w- of the second element, rendering the verb homonymous with Old English fullian full v.¹, and (apparently for this reason) these forms also show occasional analogical influence from forms of fill v. (compare e.g. the early Middle English past participle form ifylled). The history of the γ. forms is unclear. Although some of the Old English forms should probably be interpreted as showing phonological development from α. or β. forms, some of them could also reflect a variant of the verbal stem (affected by Verner's Law) which is also seen in the Scandinavian parallels. It has been suggested that the early Middle English γ. forms show influence from fulloght n. Prefixed forms. In Old English the prefixed form gefull(w)ian (compare y- prefix) is also attested.

Obsolete.

transitive. To baptize.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > baptism > baptize [verb (transitive)]

fulloweOE

ChristeOE

dipc975

fulghtOE

fulghtenlOE

baptize1297

washa1300

christen1340

underfo1362

superfuse1657

eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) lviii. 443 Doð ærest hreowsunga, & weorðað siððan gefullwade.

eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) i. xv. 62 Þa halgan lareowas ongunnon heo somnian..& men læran & fulwian.

OE Ælfric Homily (Cambr. Ii.4.6) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1967) I. 482 Þeah þe se mæssepreost manfull beo on life, and he cild fullie [c1175 Bodl. 343 fulliȝe].., ne sceal þæt cild eft syððan beon gefullod [c1175 Bodl. 343 ifylled] æt beterum lareowe.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) 643 Hwine hihe we nu forto beon ifulhet [a1250 Titus ifulhtnet] as he het his ear we fearen honne.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1202 Þe king heo lette fulwen æfter þon lawen.

c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) l. 638 (MED) He follede him þat day.

c1400 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Tiber.) (1876) VI. 157 Yvolled [a1425 Harl. 1900 yfulled; a1387 St. John's Cambr. þere he was i-cristned of pope Sergius].

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 164 Alle arn laþed luflyly..Þat ever wern fulȝed in font þat fest to have.

a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Instr. Parish Priests (Claud.) (1974) l. 87 To folowe the chylde ȝef hyt be nede.

?c1475 (a1402) J. Trevisa Gospel of Nicodemus (Salisbury) f. 140^v Ich fulled hym in flom Iordan.

1508 Mirk's Festyuall (de Worde) f. xxxii Cryst..was fulled in water.

1531 W. Tyndale Answere Mores Dialoge f. xliiij^v They brought them to confirmacion streight from baptim: so that now oftimes they be volowed and byschoped both in one daye.

1548 R. Crowley Confut. N. Shaxton sig. G.iiii To coniure the fonte, and volowe the chylde.

Derivatives

fullower n. rare a person who baptizes. [Compare earlier fulghter n., fulghtner n. at fulghten v. Derivatives.]

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > baptism > [noun] > person performing

christenerOE

fulghterOE

fulghtnera1200

baptistc1200

baptizer1483

fullower1528

1528 W. Tyndale Obed. Christen Man f. cvij^v The child was well volowed (saye they) yee and our vicare is as fayre a volower as ever a prest within this twenty myles.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	fullow
释义	† fullowv. Forms: α. Old English fullwian, Old English fulwian, Old English fuluia (Northumbrian), Old English fuluuia (Northumbrian), Old English fulwuande (Northumbrian, present participle), Old English fuuluuas (Northumbrian, 2nd singular present indicative, perhaps transmission error), Middle English folewe, Middle English folowe, Middle English folwe, Middle English fulewe, Middle English fullowe, Middle English fulwe, 1500s volow, 1500s volowe. β. Old English fullian, Old English fulað (3rd singular present indicative, probably transmission error), Old English fyllað (3rd plural indicative, rare), early Middle English fullie, early Middle English ifylled (past participle), Middle English folle, Middle English folut (past participle), Middle English foulle, Middle English fully, Middle English uolle, Middle English volle, Middle English vulle, Middle English–1500s fulle. γ. Old English fulgian, Old English fulguge (Northumbrian), Old English fulguia (Northumbrian), Old English fulgugia (Northumbrian), Old English fulligan, early Middle English fulehȝe, early Middle English fulȝe, early Middle English fulhe, early Middle English fulliȝe, early Middle English uulȝe, late Middle English fologhe. N.E.D. (1898) also records a form early Middle English fuleȝe. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: full adv., English wīhan. Etymology: < full adv. + an unattested Old English verb wīhan, cognate with Old Frisian wīa , wīga (West Frisian wije ), Old Dutch wīen (Middle Dutch wīen , wīhen , wīden , Dutch †wijen , †wijgen , wijden ; the forms with -d- reflect epenthesis), Old Saxon wīhian (also prefixed gawīhian ; Middle Low German wīen ), Old High German wīhen (Middle High German wīchen , wīhen , German weihen ), Gothic weihan , and (with the operation of Verner's Law) Old Icelandic vígia , Old Swedish vīghia (Swedish viga ), all in sense ‘to consecrate’ (in Old Saxon also ‘to bless’) < the same Germanic base as Old Saxon wīh , Old High German wīh (Middle High German wīch , German weih- , now only in a small number of compounds, e.g. Weihnachten Christmas, Weihrauch incense), Gothic weihs , all in sense ‘holy’, further etymology uncertain and disputed; perhaps < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin victima victim n. Compare Old Frisian fulwīed completely consecrated. Compare fulght v., fulghten v., and also fulloght n. Semantic motivation. Originally a compound verb, with the literal meaning ‘to consecrate fully’. The formation has been compared to classical Latin consignāre in its post-classical senses ‘to consecrate by making the sign of the cross’, specifically ‘to confirm’ (see consign v. and compare discussion at com- prefix). Particularly in the period of the conversion of the Anglo-Saxons, confirmation might immediately follow baptism, so that this seems semantically possible. However, the formation probably ceased to be entirely transparent at an early date. In Old English the verb contrasts in use with cristnian christen v. in its most frequent sense ‘to perform the ante-baptismal rite, including catechesis’ (compare prime-sign v. and the discussion at that entry). Historically, a lengthy period might elapse between this ante-baptismal rite and the sacrament of baptism. Form history. In Old English (unlike the parallels cited from the other older Germanic languages), the verb inflects as a weak verb of Class II. The original stem of the verb ended in a voiceless velar fricative (-h- ), which would in any case have regularly been lost between vowels, yielding a contracted verb, but the history of the forms in Old English shows further reduction as the second element of a compound in low stress. The β. forms forms show loss of the initial w- of the second element, rendering the verb homonymous with Old English fullian full v.¹, and (apparently for this reason) these forms also show occasional analogical influence from forms of fill v. (compare e.g. the early Middle English past participle form ifylled). The history of the γ. forms is unclear. Although some of the Old English forms should probably be interpreted as showing phonological development from α. or β. forms, some of them could also reflect a variant of the verbal stem (affected by Verner's Law) which is also seen in the Scandinavian parallels. It has been suggested that the early Middle English γ. forms show influence from fulloght n. Prefixed forms. In Old English the prefixed form gefull(w)ian (compare y- prefix) is also attested. Obsolete. transitive. To baptize. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > baptism > baptize [verb (transitive)] fulloweOE ChristeOE dipc975 fulghtOE fulghtenlOE baptize1297 washa1300 christen1340 underfo1362 superfuse1657 eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) lviii. 443 Doð ærest hreowsunga, & weorðað siððan gefullwade. eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) i. xv. 62 Þa halgan lareowas ongunnon heo somnian..& men læran & fulwian. OE Ælfric Homily (Cambr. Ii.4.6) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1967) I. 482 Þeah þe se mæssepreost manfull beo on life, and he cild fullie [c1175 Bodl. 343 fulliȝe].., ne sceal þæt cild eft syððan beon gefullod [c1175 Bodl. 343 ifylled] æt beterum lareowe. c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) 643 Hwine hihe we nu forto beon ifulhet [a1250 Titus ifulhtnet] as he het his ear we fearen honne. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1202 Þe king heo lette fulwen æfter þon lawen. c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) l. 638 (MED) He follede him þat day. c1400 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Tiber.) (1876) VI. 157 Yvolled [a1425 Harl. 1900 yfulled; a1387 St. John's Cambr. þere he was i-cristned of pope Sergius]. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 164 Alle arn laþed luflyly..Þat ever wern fulȝed in font þat fest to have. a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Instr. Parish Priests (Claud.) (1974) l. 87 To folowe the chylde ȝef hyt be nede. ?c1475 (a1402) J. Trevisa Gospel of Nicodemus (Salisbury) f. 140^v Ich fulled hym in flom Iordan. 1508 Mirk's Festyuall (de Worde) f. xxxii Cryst..was fulled in water. 1531 W. Tyndale Answere Mores Dialoge f. xliiij^v They brought them to confirmacion streight from baptim: so that now oftimes they be volowed and byschoped both in one daye. 1548 R. Crowley Confut. N. Shaxton sig. G.iiii To coniure the fonte, and volowe the chylde. Derivatives fullower n. rare a person who baptizes. [Compare earlier fulghter n., fulghtner n. at fulghten v. Derivatives.] ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > baptism > [noun] > person performing christenerOE fulghterOE fulghtnera1200 baptistc1200 baptizer1483 fullower1528 1528 W. Tyndale Obed. Christen Man f. cvij^v The child was well volowed (saye they) yee and our vicare is as fayre a volower as ever a prest within this twenty myles. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.eOE
随便看	boughrunes boughs bought bought book bought deal bought house bought in bought off bought out bought plea bought up bought wit is best bought wit is best but may cost too much bought-door bought-seat bought-wise boughtdoor boughted boughten boughtener boughtenest boughtenner boughtennest boughting boughtling