frouncen.1
/fraʊns/ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > textures or states of skin > [noun] > wrinkle
rimpleeOE
rivellingOE
rivelc1325
crow's footc1374
frounce1390
wrinklea1400
frumplec1440
freckle1519
line1538
lirkc1540
shrivel1547
plait1574
furrow1589
trench1594
crowfoot1614
seam1765
thought-line1858
laughter line1867
laugh line1913
smile-line1921
worry lines1972
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 27 He seeth her front is large and pleine, Withoute frounce of any greine.
1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1494) i. xx. e vij b Their reueled skyn abrode to drawe and streyne Frowarde frouncis to make theym smoth & pleyne.
1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. Civ The same water taketh awaye the frounces in the face whan it is rubbed therwith.
1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Frownce, a wrinkle.
1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Frounce, a Plait, a Wrinkle.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > evasive deception, shiftiness > [noun] > double-dealing, duplicity
doublenessc1374
frouncec1374
duplicityc1430
double-heartedness1571
a heart and a heart1583
two hearts1594
ambidextry1611
ambidexterity1755
double-facedness1867
two-facedness1882
double-handedness1883
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > [noun] > wrinkled condition > wrinkle or crease
rimpleeOE
frouncec1374
runklea1400
wrinklea1420
ruge?a1425
crimple1440
wreathc1440
wrimple1499
rumple?a1513
scrumple?a1513
wimple1513
crease1578
bag1587
crinkle1596
pucker1598
press1601
crumple1607
creasing1665
ruck1774
cramp1828
fold1840
ruckle1853
bumfle1867
c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) i. pr. ii. 5 With the lappe of hir garnement I-plited in a frounce she dryede myn eyen.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xiii. 318 ‘Bi Criste’, quod Conscience tho, ‘thi best cote..hath many moles and spottes’..‘Ȝe, who so toke hede’.. Men sholde fynde many frounces and many foule plottes.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 173 So that he pronounce A plein good word withouten frounce.
1721 [see sense 1]. ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > drinking vessel > [noun] > other specific shapes > ornamented edge
frouncec1440
mazer-band1441
brattice1465
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 180/2 Frownce of a cuppe, frontinella (Pynson frigium).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > clothing for lower body > skirt > parts of > flounce
frouncea1625
flounce1726
a1625 J. Fletcher Monsieur Thomas (1639) iii. ii. sig. G3v Farthingals, and frownces.
5. With allusion to Milton's use of frounce v.: A piece of foppish display.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > affected behaviour or affectation > [noun] > an affected manner or appearance > an affectation
fangle1583
affect1588
coxcombitya1697
coxcombry1777
simper1824
frilla1845
frounce1881
1881 A. J. Duffield tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote II. 397 With these [dresses] he made so many frounces and tricks.
1887 G. Saintsbury Ess. Eng. Lit. (1891) 153 A rather plain and straightforward writer, with few tricks and frounces of phrase and style.
Derivatives
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > forehead > [adjective] > contracted or relaxed
frounceless?a1366
brentc1400
brant1483
unbent1594
contracted1603
knotted1632
exporrect1649
exporrected1650
brow-bent1796
knitting1816
gathered1823
knitted1855
?a1366 Romaunt Rose 860 Hir forheed frounceles.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
† frouncen.2
Obsolete.
1. A canker or sore in the mouth of a hawk.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of birds > [noun] > disorders of hawks
crampc1430
frouncea1450
teena1450
crayc1450
ryec1450
aggresteyne1486
agrum1486
fallera1486
filanders1486
gall1575
pantas1575
pin1575
pin gout1575
stroke1575
apoplexy1614
crock1614
formica1614
privy evil1614
back-worma1682
verol1688
croak1707
a1450 Fysshynge wyth Angle (1883) 3 With mysfedyng þen schall sche haue the frounce.
c1450 Bk. Hawkyng in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 301 Of the f [r] ounches it is drede for it is a noyous sekenes.
1486 Bk. St. Albans C vj b Blaynis in haukes mouthes cald frounches.
1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 183 The frounce consume the flesh of her, that feedes vpon my bones.
1674 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation ii. 168 The Frownce proceedeth from moist and cold humours which descend from the Hawk's Head to the Palate.
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Rye It..causes the Frownce, or a perpetual dropping Humour, very hard to be cur'd.
1820 W. Scott Abbot I. iv. 85 'Twere the ready way to give her the frounce.
2. A disease in the mouth of a horse: see quot. 1587. Cf. camery n.In modern dictionaries.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [noun] > disorders of mouth
barblec1440
barb?1523
lampas?1523
giggs1566
rampone1580
camery1587
flap1587
frounce1587
palamie1600
tin-blain1614
lick1827
1587 L. Mascall Bk. Cattell: Horses (1627) 131 The frounce is a disease soone cured, and they are smal pimples or warts in the midst of the pallat of his mouth aboue, and they are soft, and they will let him to eat his meat.
1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. xxvii. 261 The Camery or Frounce in horses, are small pimples or warts in the midst of the palate.
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique Camery or Frounce, a Distemper in Horses.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online September 2021).
frouncev.
/fraʊns/ a. transitive. To gather in folds or wrinkles, to wrinkle; to knit, purse (the brows or lips); occasionally to knit the brows of. Also with up. Obsolete.The first quot. perhaps belongs to 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > textures or states of skin > [verb (transitive)] > wrinkle
frounce1390
shrinka1398
rivel1543
irrugate1566
wrinkle1566
plough1590
wrinklec1590
furrow1597
purse1598
ruge1615
trench1624
lirkc1686
seam1695
line1819
wrink1821
engrain1862
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > corrugate [verb (transitive)] > wrinkle or crease
frounce1390
frumple1398
crunklec1400
plighta1425
crinklec1430
crimple1440
rimple1440
rivel1543
wrinkle1543
crease1588
shrivel1609
befrumple1611
frowze1611
wrimple1611
pucker1616
furl1689
ruck1706
runkle1720
crink1821
furrow1853
crumple1858
ruckle1866
bumfle1911
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 95 With that she frounceth up the browe.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3571 Þe front it fronces þat was scene.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2306 Þenne tas he hym stryþe to stryke & frounses boþe lyppe & browe.
1575 G. Gascoigne Fruites of Warre xl, in Posies sig. Hv The frolicke fauour frounst and foule defast.
1587 Hughes Misfort. Arthur iv. ii, in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1874) IV. 321 All fury-like, frounc'd up with frantic frets.
1628 R. Le Grys tr. J. Barclay Argenis ii. 143 That hee may not seeme mercenary, hee will frounce his browes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > textures or states of skin > [verb (intransitive)] > wrinkle
rivelOE
wrinkle1530
frounce1532
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > forehead > [verb (intransitive)] > contract or relax
frownc1386
frounce1532
to knit, bend one's brows1600
gather1816
knit1816
furrow1937
1532 R. Henryson Test. Creseyde in Wks. G. Chaucer sig. Qq.iiii/1 His face frounsed..His teth chattred.
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) ciii. sig. E*iv [He] frounsed and glared wt his eyen as though he had ben wode.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 39 Grislye faces frouncing..dyd I see.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. vii. vi. 253 They frounced and tooke on most insolently for this unhappie expedition.
2.
a. transitive. To frizz, curl (the hair, a wig, etc.); also, to curl the hair of.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > curl
crispc1340
crook1340
pincha1398
curl1447
frouncea1529
creis1553
frizzle1565
thrum1598
becurl1614
calamistrate1628
frizz1660
fruz1702
crimp1708
buckle1721
befriz1772
crape1774
crêpe1818
crinkle1871
permanently wave1901
marcel1906
water-wave1912
permanent wave1921
permanent1924
perm1928
tong1932
scrunch1983
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Eii Shall frounce them on ye foretop.
1559 J. Aylmer Harborowe sig. N1v Ladies..with their heares frownsed and curled.
a1592 R. Greene Mamillia (1593) ii. sig. Hv A perywig frounst fast to the frunt.
1645 J. Milton Il Penseroso in Poems 42 Not trickt and frounc't as she was wont.
1819 H. Busk Vestriad ii. 102 Some..scatter'd o'er the silver margin stood, To frounce their braids.
b. figurative. [Echoing Milton: see quot. 1645 at sense 2a]
ΚΠ
1891 G. Saintsbury tr. E. H. A. Scherer Ess. Eng. Lit. Pref. 9 Not only unnecessary, but in bad taste, to trick or frounce him in English.
a. To gather (a piece of cloth, a garment, etc.) into creases or pleats; to pleat. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > tailor or make clothes [verb (transitive)] > gather
frouncea1533
gather1576
full1815
to set in1858
gauge1881
bunch1884
kilt1887
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > sew or ornament textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > pleat
pleatc1390
plaitc1400
frouncea1533
plat?1533
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. Cc.vj Their shurts frounced.
1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Mowbray xxv All iagde and frounst with diuers coloures dekt.
1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie vi. v. 267 A piece of cloth..that is iagged and frownced after the manner of our now common-recieued Mantelings.
1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel iv. xv. 107 Buff-coats, all frounced and 'broidered o'er.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [verb (intransitive)] > hang or sit in specific way
poughc1325
frouncec1400
poke?a1425
to hang by geometry1584
sag1592
bag1824
bustle1824
cascade1861
flare1899
pouch1901
c1400 Rom. Rose 7259 Shoos knopped with dagges That frouncen lyke a quaile pipe.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cxxxiiijv It bossed out and frounced very stately to behold.
Derivatives
frounced adj. †(a) of the forehead: Wrinkled; (b) of the hair, the head, etc.: Curled, frizzed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > textures or states of skin > [adjective] > wrinkle
rivelledlOE
frounced1422
rivelling1481
wrinkleda1529
rideled1530
writhled1565
rugged1590
furrow-faced1607
shrivelled1607
corrugated1623
furrow-fronted1640
seamed1656
pursed1676
corrugate1745
crow's-footed1831
crow-footed1834
lined1839
crowed1851
wrinkled1859
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > [adjective] > curled
frizzled1567
frounceda1568
becurled1645
frizzeda1653
frizzing1696
frizzly1707
buckled1753
frizzling1779
crêpé1828
figure-six1851
frizzy1870
water-waved1881
Romney1883
marcelled1909
permanently waved1929
permed1937
home perm1949
Afro1966
1422 tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. (1898) 221 A sharpe straght farred, noght gretly lene ne al full, nethyr al frouncet.
a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Paddock & Mouse l. 2819 in Poems (1981) 104 Hir fronsit face.
1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell sig. E3v The feryman of hell, Caron..wt his frownsid fortop.
a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 14v An ouerstaring frounced hed, as though out of euerie heeres toppe, should suddenlie start out a good big othe.
1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 72v Thy flaring frounzed Periwigs.
1656 tr. J. A. Comenius Latinæ Linguæ Janua Reserata: Gate Lat. Tongue Unlocked xxi. §203 The Temples..in those that are angry frownced or furrowed.
1835 in Gentleman's Mag. Feb. (1836) 135 And her hair was all frizzled and frounc'd like a nigger.
ˈfrouncing n. †(a) knitting of brows; (b) frizzing; also attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > [noun] > curling or frizzing
frouncing1530
frizilation1567
frizzling1592
calamistration1621
frizzing1696
buckling1713
frisure1755
papering1777
crêping1889
water waving1901
piping1907
permanent waving1917
marcelling1926
finger waving1928
body wave1955
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > face with expression or expression > [noun] > grimace or distortion > making
frowningc1400
mowing1440
frouncing1530
writhing1577
mopping1615
working1770
girning1900
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 223/2 Frounsyng, froncement.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. (1609) xxxiii. xxxix. 846 There was frounsing, and their bloud was up.
1603 H. Crosse Vertues Common-wealth sig. K4v Fye vpon these frownsing Irons.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.1?a1366
n.2a1450v.1390