friendlessadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈfrɛndləs/, U.S.

/ˈfrɛn(d)ləs/

Forms: see friend n. and adj. and -less suffix; also Old English freodleas (probably transmission error), early Middle English frendlæs (in a late copy).

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch vriendeloos , vrindeloos (Dutch vriendeloos ), Old High German friuntlaos (in an isolated attestation in the Hildebrandslied; German freundlos ), all in sense ‘that has no friends, supporters, or allies’, Old Icelandic frændlauss , Swedish frändelös , Danish frændeløs , all in sense ‘without kin’ < the Germanic base of friend n. + the Germanic base of -less suffix.Also attested early as a surname: Henry Frendles (1246). With friendlessness n. compare Old English frēondlēast lack of friends ( < friendless adj. + -th suffix¹ 2 (compare -t suffix³ 2)); compare quot. OE³ at sense A. 1a.

A. adj.

a. That has no friends, supporters, or allies; alone; lonely.In Old English in contexts such as quots. OE², OE³ not clearly distinguishable from ‘without kin’ (see sense A. 1b), as support was chiefly expected from kinsmen.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > [adjective] > friendless

friendlessOE

unfriendeda1535

unbefriended1628

lonely-hearted1863

OE Cynewulf Elene 924 Ic..nu gehyned eom, goda geasne, þurh Iudas eft, fah ond freondleas.

OE Wanderer 28 Ic..sohte sele dreorig sinces bryttan, hwær ic feor oþþe neah findan meahte þone þe..mec freond lease [read freondleasne] frefran wolde.

OE Laws of Cnut (Nero) ii. xxxv. 336 And [perh. read And gyf] freondleas man oððe feorrancuman swa geswenced weorðe þurh freondleaste, þæt he borh næbbe, æt frymtyhtlan, þone gebuge he hengenne & þær gebide.

c1300 St. Clement (Laud) l. 292 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 331 So freondlese ase huy were.

c1330 (?c1300) Amis & Amiloun (Auch.) (1937) l. 1559 A frendeleser man þan he was.

a1400 Siege Jerusalem (Laud) (1932) l. 905 (MED) Þan flowe þat freke frendles alone, Out at a pore posterne, & alle þe peple folwed.

1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. ii. f. 7^v Ane freindles man or woman.

c1599 Preserv. Henry VII i. p. iii Therefore I leaue thee my booke, friendles alone to depart.

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. i. 79 Alas, I am a Woman frendlesse, hopelesse.

1694 R. South 12 Serm. II. 91 Woe to him that is alone, is verified upon none so much, as upon the Friendless person.

1729 S. Madden Themistocles i. i. 2 An homeless, hopeless, friendless Foe.

1785 T. Dwight Conquest of Canäan iv. 97 A rare-felt joy inspir'd the friendless band.

1847 H. W. Longfellow Evangeline ii. i Friendless, homeless, hopeless, they wandered from city to city.

1877 Belgravia Jan. 348 Poor John Weybridge, Esq., became as friendless as penniless, and eventually ‘went under’, and was heard of no more.

1922 E. von Arnim Enchanted April (1989) 33 He might have been perfectly friendless for any mention he ever made of friends to his wife.

1992 Economist 18 Jan. 57/2 Ideologically virtually friendless..China has also been stripped of two things it particularly cherished.

2002 N. Lebrecht Song of Names vi. 186 A proselytising sect that entrapped him, friendless and disoriented, on campus at Berkeley, California.

b. Of a person (esp. a child): orphaned, without kin. Now archaic.In some cases not easily distinguishable from sense A. 1.

ΚΠ

OE (Northumbrian) Rushw. Gospels: John xiv. 18 Non relinquam uos orfanos : ne forleto ic iowih freondleose [OE Lindisf. freondleasa uel aldorleasa].

c1300 St. Clement (Laud) l. 149 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 327 (MED) Seint Clement tolde..hov frendles he was op i-brouȝt.

c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 1721 (MED) For now frendlese Yee mowe wel sey þat ye been.

1576 G. Whetstone Rocke of Regard 40 The good man oft, the friendlesse childe doth keepe, And fosters him, with many a friendly grote.

1581 T. Lupton 2nd Pt. Too Good to be True sig. Cciii My desire is, only to keepe it for the loue that I owe to God, and for the zeale I owe vnto the poore friendlesse childe.

1650 L. P. By Direct. Script. 1 And do not many friendlesse children lye: I'th fields and under stalls in misery.

1660 H. Peters Dying Fathers last Legacy 79 A pitiful, nasty, ragged, fatherless, friendless Child, is lying dying in a ditch. A noble bountiful hand means to save him, and adopt him.

1791 E. Inchbald Simple Story III. viii. 95 His adopted child, that friendless boy whom poor Lady Elmwood first introduced into his uncle's house.

1826 M. M. Sherwood Henry Milner ii. iv. 56 Is that brave fellow no more, and is this his orphan and friendless child?

1893 Med. Missionary 47 A Friendless Boy—A little boy about 8 years old, needs a home where he can have good Christian care and love. Left an orphan, he has no one in the wide world to look out for him.

1926 C. M. Morton Paraguay 171 There is..no place where a homeless, friendless boy can be taken and given an opportunity to become anything worth while.

1942 Children in Bondage (Save the Children Fund) 136 (advt.) No friendless boy leaves Farningham until he has served a complete apprenticeship in the trade his choice.

1985 P. Baumstein My Lord of Belmont 160 His usual approach was to solicit the child's support from the party who sent the ‘friendless boy’ to Bristow.

c. Anglo-Saxon Law. Outlawed; exiled. Chiefly in friendless man. Now historical. [As a term of Anglo-Saxon legal history, apparently deriving from a substitution for original friþlēas outlawed ( < friþ frith n.¹ + -lēas -less suffix) in the textual transmission of a Latin translation of the Laws of Cnut (see quots. OE, c1300). It is uncertain whether the variant reading fredlese (from the 12th-cent. Lambeth manuscript) in quot. c1300 should be taken as the earliest witness to the substitution or as showing a variant of frith n.¹ in its first element; in any case, use of the word in quot. ?c1300 (where it is usually assumed to be the authorial reading) also suggests that the substitution ultimately goes back to the 12th cent. The substitution is perhaps partly due to confusion with legal use of Old English frēondlēas as seen e.g. in quot. OE³ at sense A. 1a, also from the Laws of Cnut. Compare, however, the association of exile and lack of supporters in contexts such as quot. OE² at sense A. 1a; such an association perhaps also underlies use in quot. c1325.] The collocation friendless man is sometimes taken as a phrase, sometimes as a compound (compare quot. 1666).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > outlawry > [noun] > outlaw

outlawOE

friendless manOE

wolf's-head?c1300

waithmanc1425

banished man1495

broken man1528

proscript1576

horner1590

outlawed1644

caput lupinum1837

ronin1858

OE Laws of Cnut (Nero) ii. xva. 318 Gyf hwa þæne friðleasan man healde oððe flyman feormie.]

a1300–1400 (a1268) H. Bracton De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae (1922) II. 361 (MED) Talem vocant Anglici utlaghe, et alio nomine..frendlesman.

c1300 ( Laws: Instituta Cnuti (Harl. 746) ii. xva. 319 [Qui expulsum..detinuerit pacifice, quem Angli uocant] frendlesmanne [lOE Rochester friðleasne man, a1200 Lamb. fredleseman].

?c1300 (?c1185) Pseudo-Cnut De Foresta xxiv, in F. Liebermann Gesetze der Angelsachsen (1903) I. 624 Si uero seruus [regalem feram coegerit anhelare], pro utlagato habeatur, quem Angli frendlæsman [so Stowe (c1575); 1577 Harrison frendlesman] uocant.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 7055 (MED) [Edward the Confessor] was fleme & frendles mo þan þritty ȝer.

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter 55 Frendles man was wont to be the Saxon word for him, whome we call an outlawe.

1666 W. Dugdale Origines Juridiciales xxxvi. 97/1 The English..had wont to call him a Friendless-man.

1783 J. Logan Runnamede v. 82 Alone you stalk..as if indeed you stood A friendless man, and outcast from the world.

1829 G. Crabb Hist. Eng. Law xx. 311 When a person was outlawed, whoever fed or harboured him was subject to the same penalty as the outlaw himself, who, on this account, was called a friendless man, because, by law, he could have no friend.

1910 A. Wilson Unfinished Man vii. 123 It was every one's duty to capture the outlaw, as indeed in our day when a murderer remains at large. It was a capital crime to harbour this lawless and friendless man.

2011 J. Brewer in A. L. Kaufman Brit. Outlaws of Lit. & Hist. ii. 35 Bracton refers to the outlaw as a ‘friendless man’ who, by his actions, has forfeited his right to have friends.

2. That is without feelings of friendship; unfriendly.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [adjective]

witherwardc888

unholdc900

fremda1000

foeOE

hatelyOE

onwardOE

fiendlyc1050

witherc1175

unbaina1300

quedec1300

wrong1340

aliena1382

enemiablea1382

enemyfula1382

enemyc1384

ingrate1393

unfriendly1425

undisposed1456

oppugnanta1513

infest1513

enemious?1529

cold1557

enemylike1561

enemyly1573

ingratefulc1575

opposed1584

misliking1586

infestuous1593

infensive1596

infestious1597

affrontous1598

foe-hearted1598

ill-affecteda1599

inimicous1598

friendless?1611

haggardly1635

infensea1641

inimicitious1641

inimicitial1656

inimical1678

inamicable1683

indisposed1702

uneasy1725

hostile1791

adversarial1839

chilly1841

?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xi. 154 No compassion Can supple thy friends friendlesse breast.

1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna iii. xiii. 63 One bare A lighted torch, and four with friendless care Guided my steps the cavern-paths along.

1880 S. H. Sleigh Siege of Carthage 19 It is an agonizing sight to see That strife, which only knows one destiny; To mark the conflict in its varying phase, E'en tho' the watcher's be a friendless gaze.

1957 V. Fisher Peace like River 16 He broke the fixed and friendless stare that held them and dropped his gaze to the floor.

1992 H. Assael Consumer Behavior & Marketing Action (ed. 4) v. 150 The Snoopy campaign was successful in changing MetLife's image from a faceless and friendless company to a warmer and friendlier one.

2011 E. Fabiitti Peanut Vendor xii. 146 Stunned as I was by the friendless greeting of this first morning, I made a brief and vain effort to join the careless acceptance that most of the boys displayed.

B. n.

A friendless person or animal; (with the and plural agreement) friendless people as a class.In quot. eOE: an orphan.

ΚΠ

eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) ix. 38 (18) Iudicare pupillo et humili : doem ðæm freondleasan & ðæm heanan.

lOE Laws of Cnut (Corpus Cambr. 383) ii. xxxv. 336 Be freondleasan.

?a1300 Names Hare (Digby 86) in Proc. Leeds Philos. & Lit. Soc. (1935) 6 350 (MED) He shal saien..þe hare, þe scotart..Þe frendlese, þe wodecat.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) James i. 27 To vysit the frendlesse and widdowes in their adwersite.

1580 T. Lupton Siuqila (new ed.) 119 Nothing doth please God better than to helpe the friendlesse.

1608 G. Chapman Conspiracie Duke of Byron iv. i. sig. M3^v The friendlesse may be iniur'd and opprest.

1692 R. L'Estrange Fables ccclxii. 300 Let the Poor and the Friendless go to Pot.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 469. ¶2 He patronizes the Orphan and Widow, assists the Friendless, and guides the Ignorant.

1761 F. Fawkes Orig. Poems & Transl. 96 The lamb fourfold he likewise shall restore, To recompence the friendless and the poor.

1834 R. M. Bird Calavar I. viii. 110 My lord is benevolent to the friendless, and pitiful to the orphan.

1881 Harper's Mag. July 313/1 The diffusion of happiness, comfort, education, and religion among the poor, the friendless, the abject, and the criminal.

1939 R. Moley After Seven Years x. 396 People must..be friends of the friendless.

1942 Negro Q. Fall 237 A strange and terrible effect of a state which makes the friendless resent those who would befriend him.

2011 S. Talty Escape from Land of Snows ii. 32 His tutors found the boy to be..deeply concerned with underdogs, the friendless and abused.

Derivatives

ˈfriendlessness n.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > [noun] > lack of friends

friendlessness1669

unfriendedness1821

1669 J. Flavel Husbandry Spiritualized xviii. 154 Jesus Christ is..their friend in friendlessness.

1814 Ld. Byron Lara ii. vii. 784 The seeming friendlessness of him who strove To win no confidence.

1993 O. D. Edwards in A. Conan Doyle Study in Scarlet (1994) 153 Watson's friendlessness seems strange for one so obviously companionable.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	friendless
释义	friendlessadj.n. Brit. /ˈfrɛndləs/, U.S. /ˈfrɛn(d)ləs/ Forms: see friend n. and adj. and -less suffix; also Old English freodleas (probably transmission error), early Middle English frendlæs (in a late copy). Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch vriendeloos , vrindeloos (Dutch vriendeloos ), Old High German friuntlaos (in an isolated attestation in the Hildebrandslied; German freundlos ), all in sense ‘that has no friends, supporters, or allies’, Old Icelandic frændlauss , Swedish frändelös , Danish frændeløs , all in sense ‘without kin’ < the Germanic base of friend n. + the Germanic base of -less suffix.Also attested early as a surname: Henry Frendles (1246). With friendlessness n. compare Old English frēondlēast lack of friends ( < friendless adj. + -th suffix¹ 2 (compare -t suffix³ 2)); compare quot. OE³ at sense A. 1a. A. adj. 1. a. That has no friends, supporters, or allies; alone; lonely.In Old English in contexts such as quots. OE², OE³ not clearly distinguishable from ‘without kin’ (see sense A. 1b), as support was chiefly expected from kinsmen. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > [adjective] > friendless friendlessOE unfriendeda1535 unbefriended1628 lonely-hearted1863 OE Cynewulf Elene 924 Ic..nu gehyned eom, goda geasne, þurh Iudas eft, fah ond freondleas. OE Wanderer 28 Ic..sohte sele dreorig sinces bryttan, hwær ic feor oþþe neah findan meahte þone þe..mec freond lease [read freondleasne] frefran wolde. OE Laws of Cnut (Nero) ii. xxxv. 336 And [perh. read And gyf] freondleas man oððe feorrancuman swa geswenced weorðe þurh freondleaste, þæt he borh næbbe, æt frymtyhtlan, þone gebuge he hengenne & þær gebide. c1300 St. Clement (Laud) l. 292 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 331 So freondlese ase huy were. c1330 (?c1300) Amis & Amiloun (Auch.) (1937) l. 1559 A frendeleser man þan he was. a1400 Siege Jerusalem (Laud) (1932) l. 905 (MED) Þan flowe þat freke frendles alone, Out at a pore posterne, & alle þe peple folwed. 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. ii. f. 7^v Ane freindles man or woman. c1599 Preserv. Henry VII i. p. iii Therefore I leaue thee my booke, friendles alone to depart. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. i. 79 Alas, I am a Woman frendlesse, hopelesse. View more context for this quotation 1694 R. South 12 Serm. II. 91 Woe to him that is alone, is verified upon none so much, as upon the Friendless person. 1729 S. Madden Themistocles i. i. 2 An homeless, hopeless, friendless Foe. 1785 T. Dwight Conquest of Canäan iv. 97 A rare-felt joy inspir'd the friendless band. 1847 H. W. Longfellow Evangeline ii. i Friendless, homeless, hopeless, they wandered from city to city. 1877 Belgravia Jan. 348 Poor John Weybridge, Esq., became as friendless as penniless, and eventually ‘went under’, and was heard of no more. 1922 E. von Arnim Enchanted April (1989) 33 He might have been perfectly friendless for any mention he ever made of friends to his wife. 1992 Economist 18 Jan. 57/2 Ideologically virtually friendless..China has also been stripped of two things it particularly cherished. 2002 N. Lebrecht Song of Names vi. 186 A proselytising sect that entrapped him, friendless and disoriented, on campus at Berkeley, California. b. Of a person (esp. a child): orphaned, without kin. Now archaic.In some cases not easily distinguishable from sense A. 1. ΚΠ OE (Northumbrian) Rushw. Gospels: John xiv. 18 Non relinquam uos orfanos : ne forleto ic iowih freondleose [OE Lindisf. freondleasa uel aldorleasa]. c1300 St. Clement (Laud) l. 149 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 327 (MED) Seint Clement tolde..hov frendles he was op i-brouȝt. c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 1721 (MED) For now frendlese Yee mowe wel sey þat ye been. 1576 G. Whetstone Rocke of Regard 40 The good man oft, the friendlesse childe doth keepe, And fosters him, with many a friendly grote. 1581 T. Lupton 2nd Pt. Too Good to be True sig. Cciii My desire is, only to keepe it for the loue that I owe to God, and for the zeale I owe vnto the poore friendlesse childe. 1650 L. P. By Direct. Script. 1 And do not many friendlesse children lye: I'th fields and under stalls in misery. 1660 H. Peters Dying Fathers last Legacy 79 A pitiful, nasty, ragged, fatherless, friendless Child, is lying dying in a ditch. A noble bountiful hand means to save him, and adopt him. 1791 E. Inchbald Simple Story III. viii. 95 His adopted child, that friendless boy whom poor Lady Elmwood first introduced into his uncle's house. 1826 M. M. Sherwood Henry Milner ii. iv. 56 Is that brave fellow no more, and is this his orphan and friendless child? 1893 Med. Missionary 47 A Friendless Boy—A little boy about 8 years old, needs a home where he can have good Christian care and love. Left an orphan, he has no one in the wide world to look out for him. 1926 C. M. Morton Paraguay 171 There is..no place where a homeless, friendless boy can be taken and given an opportunity to become anything worth while. 1942 Children in Bondage (Save the Children Fund) 136 (advt.) No friendless boy leaves Farningham until he has served a complete apprenticeship in the trade his choice. 1985 P. Baumstein My Lord of Belmont 160 His usual approach was to solicit the child's support from the party who sent the ‘friendless boy’ to Bristow. c. Anglo-Saxon Law. Outlawed; exiled. Chiefly in friendless man. Now historical. [As a term of Anglo-Saxon legal history, apparently deriving from a substitution for original friþlēas outlawed ( < friþ frith n.¹ + -lēas -less suffix) in the textual transmission of a Latin translation of the Laws of Cnut (see quots. OE, c1300). It is uncertain whether the variant reading fredlese (from the 12th-cent. Lambeth manuscript) in quot. c1300 should be taken as the earliest witness to the substitution or as showing a variant of frith n.¹ in its first element; in any case, use of the word in quot. ?c1300 (where it is usually assumed to be the authorial reading) also suggests that the substitution ultimately goes back to the 12th cent. The substitution is perhaps partly due to confusion with legal use of Old English frēondlēas as seen e.g. in quot. OE³ at sense A. 1a, also from the Laws of Cnut. Compare, however, the association of exile and lack of supporters in contexts such as quot. OE² at sense A. 1a; such an association perhaps also underlies use in quot. c1325.] The collocation friendless man is sometimes taken as a phrase, sometimes as a compound (compare quot. 1666). ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > outlawry > [noun] > outlaw outlawOE friendless manOE wolf's-head?c1300 waithmanc1425 banished man1495 broken man1528 proscript1576 horner1590 outlawed1644 caput lupinum1837 ronin1858 OE Laws of Cnut (Nero) ii. xva. 318 Gyf hwa þæne friðleasan man healde oððe flyman feormie.] a1300–1400 (a1268) H. Bracton De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae (1922) II. 361 (MED) Talem vocant Anglici utlaghe, et alio nomine..frendlesman. c1300 ( Laws: Instituta Cnuti (Harl. 746) ii. xva. 319 [Qui expulsum..detinuerit pacifice, quem Angli uocant] frendlesmanne [lOE Rochester friðleasne man, a1200 Lamb. fredleseman]. ?c1300 (?c1185) Pseudo-Cnut De Foresta xxiv, in F. Liebermann Gesetze der Angelsachsen (1903) I. 624 Si uero seruus [regalem feram coegerit anhelare], pro utlagato habeatur, quem Angli frendlæsman [so Stowe (c1575); 1577 Harrison frendlesman] uocant. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 7055 (MED) [Edward the Confessor] was fleme & frendles mo þan þritty ȝer. 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter 55 Frendles man was wont to be the Saxon word for him, whome we call an outlawe. 1666 W. Dugdale Origines Juridiciales xxxvi. 97/1 The English..had wont to call him a Friendless-man. 1783 J. Logan Runnamede v. 82 Alone you stalk..as if indeed you stood A friendless man, and outcast from the world. 1829 G. Crabb Hist. Eng. Law xx. 311 When a person was outlawed, whoever fed or harboured him was subject to the same penalty as the outlaw himself, who, on this account, was called a friendless man, because, by law, he could have no friend. 1910 A. Wilson Unfinished Man vii. 123 It was every one's duty to capture the outlaw, as indeed in our day when a murderer remains at large. It was a capital crime to harbour this lawless and friendless man. 2011 J. Brewer in A. L. Kaufman Brit. Outlaws of Lit. & Hist. ii. 35 Bracton refers to the outlaw as a ‘friendless man’ who, by his actions, has forfeited his right to have friends. 2. That is without feelings of friendship; unfriendly. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [adjective] witherwardc888 unholdc900 fremda1000 foeOE hatelyOE onwardOE fiendlyc1050 witherc1175 unbaina1300 quedec1300 wrong1340 aliena1382 enemiablea1382 enemyfula1382 enemyc1384 ingrate1393 unfriendly1425 undisposed1456 oppugnanta1513 infest1513 enemious?1529 cold1557 enemylike1561 enemyly1573 ingratefulc1575 opposed1584 misliking1586 infestuous1593 infensive1596 infestious1597 affrontous1598 foe-hearted1598 ill-affecteda1599 inimicous1598 friendless?1611 haggardly1635 infensea1641 inimicitious1641 inimicitial1656 inimical1678 inamicable1683 indisposed1702 uneasy1725 hostile1791 adversarial1839 chilly1841 ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xi. 154 No compassion Can supple thy friends friendlesse breast. 1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna iii. xiii. 63 One bare A lighted torch, and four with friendless care Guided my steps the cavern-paths along. 1880 S. H. Sleigh Siege of Carthage 19 It is an agonizing sight to see That strife, which only knows one destiny; To mark the conflict in its varying phase, E'en tho' the watcher's be a friendless gaze. 1957 V. Fisher Peace like River 16 He broke the fixed and friendless stare that held them and dropped his gaze to the floor. 1992 H. Assael Consumer Behavior & Marketing Action (ed. 4) v. 150 The Snoopy campaign was successful in changing MetLife's image from a faceless and friendless company to a warmer and friendlier one. 2011 E. Fabiitti Peanut Vendor xii. 146 Stunned as I was by the friendless greeting of this first morning, I made a brief and vain effort to join the careless acceptance that most of the boys displayed. B. n. A friendless person or animal; (with the and plural agreement) friendless people as a class.In quot. eOE: an orphan. ΚΠ eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) ix. 38 (18) Iudicare pupillo et humili : doem ðæm freondleasan & ðæm heanan. lOE Laws of Cnut (Corpus Cambr. 383) ii. xxxv. 336 Be freondleasan. ?a1300 Names Hare (Digby 86) in Proc. Leeds Philos. & Lit. Soc. (1935) 6 350 (MED) He shal saien..þe hare, þe scotart..Þe frendlese, þe wodecat. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) James i. 27 To vysit the frendlesse and widdowes in their adwersite. 1580 T. Lupton Siuqila (new ed.) 119 Nothing doth please God better than to helpe the friendlesse. 1608 G. Chapman Conspiracie Duke of Byron iv. i. sig. M3^v The friendlesse may be iniur'd and opprest. 1692 R. L'Estrange Fables ccclxii. 300 Let the Poor and the Friendless go to Pot. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 469. ¶2 He patronizes the Orphan and Widow, assists the Friendless, and guides the Ignorant. 1761 F. Fawkes Orig. Poems & Transl. 96 The lamb fourfold he likewise shall restore, To recompence the friendless and the poor. 1834 R. M. Bird Calavar I. viii. 110 My lord is benevolent to the friendless, and pitiful to the orphan. 1881 Harper's Mag. July 313/1 The diffusion of happiness, comfort, education, and religion among the poor, the friendless, the abject, and the criminal. 1939 R. Moley After Seven Years x. 396 People must..be friends of the friendless. 1942 Negro Q. Fall 237 A strange and terrible effect of a state which makes the friendless resent those who would befriend him. 2011 S. Talty Escape from Land of Snows ii. 32 His tutors found the boy to be..deeply concerned with underdogs, the friendless and abused. Derivatives ˈfriendlessness n. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > [noun] > lack of friends friendlessness1669 unfriendedness1821 1669 J. Flavel Husbandry Spiritualized xviii. 154 Jesus Christ is..their friend in friendlessness. 1814 Ld. Byron Lara ii. vii. 784 The seeming friendlessness of him who strove To win no confidence. 1993 O. D. Edwards in A. Conan Doyle Study in Scarlet (1994) 153 Watson's friendlessness seems strange for one so obviously companionable. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.eOE
随便看	overcleaned overcleaning overcleans overcleave overclimb overcloak overclock overclocked overclocker overclocking overclocks overclog overclose overclosely overcloseness overclosure overcloth overclothe overclothed overclotheed overclotheing overclothes overclothing overcloud overclouded