frightfuladj.

Brit.

/ˈfrʌɪtf(ᵿ)l/, U.S.

/ˈfraɪtf(ə)l/

Etymology: < fright n. + -ful suffix.

†1. subjectively. Full of terror; timid; alarmed.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of terror or horror > [adjective]

affrightOE

ofgrisea1200

adreadc1225

ofgasta1300

aghastc1300

dreadc1300

dreadfula1325

dreadya1325

forfrighteda1325

frightfula1325

gasta1382

dareda1400

aghasteda1425

mazed1493

awfula1522

agazed1557

flaited1565

terrifiedc1586

gastereda1644

scarified1895

the mind > emotion > fear > timidity > [adjective]

arghc885

unboldc897

bletheOE

feyOE

frightfula1325

fearedc1330

fearfulc1374

ferdfula1382

palea1393

ferdya1400

ghastful1422

tremblingc1430

timorousc1450

cremeuse1477

craintive1490

cocklea1500

sheepish?1518

awfula1522

meticulousc1540

timidc1550

sheepa1556

tremebundc1560

timorsomec1600

tremulous1611

pigeon-hearteda1625

affrightful1631

formidolous1656

pavid1656

timidous1658

unsupported1694

tender-nosed1700

scary1773

pippin-hearted1809

kitten-hearted1831

funky1835

misventurous1849

milksoppish1852

tender-footed1854

fearsome1863

scare1885

milksoppy1886

milksopping1888

cotton wool1909

the mind > emotion > fear > apprehension > [adjective] > frightened by an alarm

radc1175

frightfula1325

afraidc1350

affrighta1400

amazedc1405

affese1614

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3459 Ðis frig [t] ful [folc] ðus a-biden, Quiles ðis daiȝes for[ð] ben gliden.

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xiii. 215 The wild and frightfull Heards..Feed fairely on the Launds.

1677 R. Gilpin Dæmonol. Sacra ii. iii. 216 The Heart is apt to be startled with threatnings..especially, those that are of a more tender and frightful Spirit.

1765 S. Foote Commissary ii. 29 These bourgois are so frightful.

1802 J. West Infidel Father III. 332 I am so frightful at being in a murderer's house.

in combination.1718 N. Rowe tr. Lucan Pharsalia 245 Ghastly, and frightful-pale her Face is seen.

2. objectively.

a. Tending to cause fright; alarming. Const. to. ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > causing apprehension or alarm > [adjective] > alarming

frightful1607

alarming1658

awful1809

1607 T. Middleton Revengers Trag. ii. sig. E It fell so;—without fright-full word.

1690 J. Mackenzie Siege London-derry 31/1 It was then a little more frightful to our people than afterwards.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 197 Any..ravenous Creature..which..were frightful to the Deer.

1812 P. B. Shelley Addr. Irish People 8 Is danger frightful to an Irishman who speaks for his own liberty?

b. Horrible to contemplate, shocking, dreadful, revolting. Often hyperbolically applied to bad or annoying things; cf. awful adj., fearful adj., terrible adj., etc.‘A cant word among women for anything unpleasing’ (Johnson).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > heinousness > [adjective]

awlyc1200

grievousa1300

grilla1300

uglya1300

strongc1300

outrageousa1325

heinousc1374

excessive1393

curseda1400

fella1400

misshapenc1400

rankc1400

monstruousc1425

enorm1481

prodigiousc1487

villainous1489

nefand1490

sceleratea1513

monstrous1531

funestal1538

enormious1545

facinorous1548

flagitious1550

dire1567

bonable1575

felonious1575

bomination1589

unvenial?1589

heathenish1592

enormous1593

villainous1598

nameless1611

pitchy1612

funest1636

funestous1641

scarleta1643

nefandous1649

aversable1663

atrocious1669

frightful1700

flagrant1706

atrocea1734

diabolical1750

unspeakable1831

the mind > attention and judgement > lack of beauty > ugliness > [adjective] > hideous

loathlyc900

grislya1150

hideous1303

unherlyc1325

bysenc1375

vilely1398

laidlya1400

squalid1620

frightful1700

gorgonesque1888

1700 S. L. tr. C. Schweitzer Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies 295 Sea-Devils or Sand-Creepers are 5 or 6 yards long, with a frightful Head.

1734 A. Pope Epist. to Visct. Cobham 12 One wou'd not, sure, be frightful when one's dead.

1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 199 I need not recount the frightful effects of jealousy.

1756 T. Nugent Grand Tour II. 301 A high tower, from whence he sounds a frightful horn.

1827 T. B. Macaulay Machiavelli in Ess. (1850) 33 The annals of France and England present us only with a frightful spectacle of poverty, barbarity and ignorance.

1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar xii. 162 The Clodius business had been a frightful scandal.

†3. quasi-n. (plural) = frightful adjuncts or accessories.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > [noun] > one who or that which inspires fear

eyeeOE

awea1325

dreadc1400

hideousc1420

scare1530

fear1535

fray-buga1555

dismayer1591

frightment1607

frighter?1611

affrighter1612

frightful1727

scarer1741

scare-sinner1765

scare-christian1772

scare-beggar1806

redoubtable1808

scare sleep1817

frightener1841

scare-bear1843

scare-bullfinch1849

scare-goose1887

ogreism1902

1727 D. Defoe Ess. Hist. Apparitions xiii. 329 If he [the Devil] would come in all his Formalities and Frightfuls, he would not be capable of half so many Cousinings and Cheatings as he now puts upon us.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	frightful
释义	frightfuladj. Brit. /ˈfrʌɪtf(ᵿ)l/, U.S. /ˈfraɪtf(ə)l/ Etymology: < fright n. + -ful suffix. †1. subjectively. Full of terror; timid; alarmed. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of terror or horror > [adjective] affrightOE ofgrisea1200 adreadc1225 ofgasta1300 aghastc1300 dreadc1300 dreadfula1325 dreadya1325 forfrighteda1325 frightfula1325 gasta1382 dareda1400 aghasteda1425 mazed1493 awfula1522 agazed1557 flaited1565 terrifiedc1586 gastereda1644 scarified1895 the mind > emotion > fear > timidity > [adjective] arghc885 unboldc897 bletheOE feyOE frightfula1325 fearedc1330 fearfulc1374 ferdfula1382 palea1393 ferdya1400 ghastful1422 tremblingc1430 timorousc1450 cremeuse1477 craintive1490 cocklea1500 sheepish?1518 awfula1522 meticulousc1540 timidc1550 sheepa1556 tremebundc1560 timorsomec1600 tremulous1611 pigeon-hearteda1625 affrightful1631 formidolous1656 pavid1656 timidous1658 unsupported1694 tender-nosed1700 scary1773 pippin-hearted1809 kitten-hearted1831 funky1835 misventurous1849 milksoppish1852 tender-footed1854 fearsome1863 scare1885 milksoppy1886 milksopping1888 cotton wool1909 the mind > emotion > fear > apprehension > [adjective] > frightened by an alarm radc1175 frightfula1325 afraidc1350 affrighta1400 amazedc1405 affese1614 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3459 Ðis frig [t] ful [folc] ðus a-biden, Quiles ðis daiȝes for[ð] ben gliden. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xiii. 215 The wild and frightfull Heards..Feed fairely on the Launds. 1677 R. Gilpin Dæmonol. Sacra ii. iii. 216 The Heart is apt to be startled with threatnings..especially, those that are of a more tender and frightful Spirit. 1765 S. Foote Commissary ii. 29 These bourgois are so frightful. 1802 J. West Infidel Father III. 332 I am so frightful at being in a murderer's house. in combination.1718 N. Rowe tr. Lucan Pharsalia 245 Ghastly, and frightful-pale her Face is seen. 2. objectively. a. Tending to cause fright; alarming. Const. to. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > causing apprehension or alarm > [adjective] > alarming frightful1607 alarming1658 awful1809 1607 T. Middleton Revengers Trag. ii. sig. E It fell so;—without fright-full word. 1690 J. Mackenzie Siege London-derry 31/1 It was then a little more frightful to our people than afterwards. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 197 Any..ravenous Creature..which..were frightful to the Deer. 1812 P. B. Shelley Addr. Irish People 8 Is danger frightful to an Irishman who speaks for his own liberty? b. Horrible to contemplate, shocking, dreadful, revolting. Often hyperbolically applied to bad or annoying things; cf. awful adj., fearful adj., terrible adj., etc.‘A cant word among women for anything unpleasing’ (Johnson). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > heinousness > [adjective] awlyc1200 grievousa1300 grilla1300 uglya1300 strongc1300 outrageousa1325 heinousc1374 excessive1393 curseda1400 fella1400 misshapenc1400 rankc1400 monstruousc1425 enorm1481 prodigiousc1487 villainous1489 nefand1490 sceleratea1513 monstrous1531 funestal1538 enormious1545 facinorous1548 flagitious1550 dire1567 bonable1575 felonious1575 bomination1589 unvenial?1589 heathenish1592 enormous1593 villainous1598 nameless1611 pitchy1612 funest1636 funestous1641 scarleta1643 nefandous1649 aversable1663 atrocious1669 frightful1700 flagrant1706 atrocea1734 diabolical1750 unspeakable1831 the mind > attention and judgement > lack of beauty > ugliness > [adjective] > hideous loathlyc900 grislya1150 hideous1303 unherlyc1325 bysenc1375 vilely1398 laidlya1400 squalid1620 frightful1700 gorgonesque1888 1700 S. L. tr. C. Schweitzer Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies 295 Sea-Devils or Sand-Creepers are 5 or 6 yards long, with a frightful Head. 1734 A. Pope Epist. to Visct. Cobham 12 One wou'd not, sure, be frightful when one's dead. 1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 199 I need not recount the frightful effects of jealousy. 1756 T. Nugent Grand Tour II. 301 A high tower, from whence he sounds a frightful horn. 1827 T. B. Macaulay Machiavelli in Ess. (1850) 33 The annals of France and England present us only with a frightful spectacle of poverty, barbarity and ignorance. 1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar xii. 162 The Clodius business had been a frightful scandal. †3. quasi-n. (plural) = frightful adjuncts or accessories. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > [noun] > one who or that which inspires fear eyeeOE awea1325 dreadc1400 hideousc1420 scare1530 fear1535 fray-buga1555 dismayer1591 frightment1607 frighter?1611 affrighter1612 frightful1727 scarer1741 scare-sinner1765 scare-christian1772 scare-beggar1806 redoubtable1808 scare sleep1817 frightener1841 scare-bear1843 scare-bullfinch1849 scare-goose1887 ogreism1902 1727 D. Defoe Ess. Hist. Apparitions xiii. 329 If he [the Devil] would come in all his Formalities and Frightfuls, he would not be capable of half so many Cousinings and Cheatings as he now puts upon us. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.a1325
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