fulsomeadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈfʊls(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈfʊlsəm/

Forms: Middle English folsom, Middle English folsum, Middle English foulsom, Middle English–1500s fulsum, Middle English–1700s fulsom, Middle English– foulsome (chiefly in senses A. 2a, A. 4), Middle English– fulsome, 1500s fulsoom, 1500s–1600s 1900s– fullsome; also Scottish (chiefly in senses A. 2a, A. 4) pre-1700 foulsum, pre-1700 fowsum, pre-1700 1700s fowsome, pre-1700 1800s– fousome, 1700s foulsom, 1700s fousom, 1800s fooisome (Shetland), 1800s foulsume, 1800s fusom, 1800s fusome, 1800s fusum, 1800s– fu'some, 1900s– foosim, 1900s– foosum. N.E.D. (1898) also records a form late Middle English folsome.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: full adj., -some suffix¹.

Etymology: < full adj. + -some suffix¹. Compare earlier fulsomeness n.In forms in foul- apparently by association of the first element with foul adj.Although the earliest sense of fulsome (‘abundant’) was positive, it subsequently acquired negative connotations in all senses (perhaps partly as a result of association with foul adj.); in the course of the 20th cent., however, senses A. 1a, A. 1b were revived under the influence of full adj., and A. 5a developed a positive use, probably partly under the same influence (see further the note at that sense).

A. adj.

a. Characterized by being full of some commodity or material; abundant, plentiful; providing a copious supply, rich; (in later use also) complete, comprehensive.In quot. 1633: growing abundantly.Revived in the 19th century.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adjective]

goodeOE

broadOE

fullOE

large?c1225

rifec1225

fulsomea1325

abundanta1382

plenteousa1382

copiousc1384

plentifula1400

ranka1400

aboundc1425

affluentc1425

aboundable?1440

seedy1440

manyfulc1450

ample1472

olda1500

richa1500

flowing1526

fertilent1535

wallingc1540

copy1546

abounding1560

fat1563

numbrous1566

good, great store1569

round1592

redundant1594

fruitful1604

cornucopian1609

much1609

plenty?a1610

pukka1619

redundant1621

uberant1622

swelling1628

uberous1633

numerousa1635

superfluent1648

full tide1649

lucky1649

redounding1667

numerose1692

bumper1836

prolific1890

proliferous1915

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by good growth > [adjective] > flourishing or luxuriant in growth

greeneOE

frimOE

ranka1325

wlonk1398

flourishingc1400

rankish1495

frank?1548

gole1573

abled1576

wanton1579

proud1597

unseared1599

unwithered1599

ramping1607

lusha1616

fulsome1633

luxurious1644

rampant1648

luxuriant1661

lascivious1698

pert1727

unnipped1775

verdurous1820

happy1875

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2153 Ðe .vii. fulsum geres faren.

c1450 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Durh.) (1961) i. l. 824 As a fulsome well Shedith his stream in to þe ryvere.

1481 (a1470) J. Tiptoft tr. Cicero De Amicicia (Caxton) sig. b7^v Though he..were sette in moost folsom plente.

?1518 A. Barclay tr. D. Mancinus Myrrour Good Maners sig. D Folowe fulsome feldes, abundaunt of frument.

1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lxxiii. 26) Much more fulsome is Davids confession [L. Longè plenior est Dauidis confessio].

1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie xcii. 571 Of their first fruites instede of making good fulsome sheaues and bundels vnto God, they gelded them, and made them verie thinne and lanke.

1633 Costlie Whore iv. sig. F2^v Plucke up the fulsome thistle in the prime.

1868 A. Helps Realmah II. xi. 80 My complaint of the world..is this—that there is too much of everything..and so I could go on enumerating..all the things which are too full in this fulsome world. I use fulsome in the original sense.

1889 Realty Company (Boston) : Brief Acct. Territory 15 It is in a beautiful valley..whose sides are covered with a fulsome growth of large pines.

1918 Amer. Cookery Oct. 610/1 (advt.) In soups, creamed, etc., a fullsome and appetizing food.

1939 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 11 142 Our documentary resources are not so fulsomeand hence not so conclusive.

1955 Speculum 30 498 The meticulous documentation in learned and fulsome footnotes.

1993 Beautiful Brit. Columbia Fall (Insert) 24 Fullsome breakfasts, luxuriant Laura Ashley bedrooms and Joan's welcoming smiles are all-inclusive.

b. Chiefly of a person or (a part of) the body: full and plump; fleshy, corpulent; oversized, overfed; (in later use) full-figured; voluptuous. Also in extended use.Revived in the 20th century.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [adjective] > fat or plump

fatc893

frimOE

fullOE

overfatOE

greatOE

bald1297

roundc1300

encorsivea1340

fattishc1369

fleshyc1369

fleshlyc1374

repletea1398

largec1405

corsious1430

corpulentc1440

corsyc1440

fulsome1447

portlyc1487

corporate1509

foggy fata1529

corsive1530

foggish?1537

plump1545

fatty1552

fleshful1552

pubble1566

plum1570

pursy1576

well-fleshed1576

gross?1577

fog1582

forfatted1586

gulchy1598

bouksome1600

fat-fed1607

meatified1607

chuff1609

plumpya1616

bloat1638

blowze-like1647

obese1651

jollya1661

bloated1664

chubbed1674

pluffya1689

puffya1689

pussy1688

sappy1694

crummy1718

chubby1722

fodgel1724

well-padded1737

beefy1743

plumpish1753

pudsy1754

rotund1762

portable1770

lusty1777

roundabout1787

well-cushioned1802

plenitudinous1803

stout1804

embonpointc1806

roly-poly1808

adipose1810

roll-about1815

foggy1817

poddy1823

porky1828

hide-blown1834

tubby1835

stoutish1836

tubbish1836

superfatted1841

pottle-bodied1842

pincushiony1851

opulent1882

well-covered1884

well-upholstered1886

butterball1888

endomorphic1888

tisty-tosty1888

pachyntic1890

barrel-bodied1894

overweight1899

pussy-gutted1906

upholstered1924

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > excessive consumption of food or drink > [adjective] > over-fed, gorged, or sated

full of foodOE

surfeitousc1390

repletea1400

satiate1440

fulsome1447

overfed1579

surfeited1584

gorged1594

overgorged1607

gluttoneda1658

saturated1658

throat-full1681

quat?c1730

stalled1740

englutted1814

cloyed1830

stodged1873

1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 7940 (MED) In somyr, whan þe fruht was come Of þer laboure, þei were ful-some.

c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) 497 Wiþ þe siht clene We ben as fulsom ifounde as þouȝ we fed were.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 48^v With a necke..Nawþer fulsom ne fat but fetis & round.

1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) vii. f. 85 His leane, pale, hore, and withered corse grew fulsome, faire, and fresh.

1593 B. Rich Greenes Newes sig. G3^v A chuffe-headed Cardinall with a paire of fulsome cheekes.

1628 G. Wither Britain's Remembrancer vi. 637 For either arme in such a mould is cast As makes it full as fulsome as their waste.

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 24 Lazy, Laodicean temper of a fulsome, carelesse, surfeted spirit.

1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 238 A fulsome and over-grown and unwholesome Flesh.

1952 Women's Wear Daily 2 Apr. Crisp sheer shantung dresses give fulsome billowy figure flattery.

1958 Life 19 May 2/1 Margaret O'Brien, now a fulsome 20-year-old, unsheathes sinuous curves in sophisticated style.

1983 R. Curtis & R. Atkinson Black Adder in R. Curtis et al. Blackadder: Whole Damn Dynasty (1998) 21/1 (stage direct.) The queen is by a fire with a rather fulsome lady-in-waiting, yarning wool.

1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 58/2 It was still full of those heavy, fulsome, towering trees.

2004 Vanity Fair Nov. 164 His thousands of smiling, fulsome ladies are just that—nude rather than naked.

a. Offending against accepted standards of morality or taste; morally reprehensible, obnoxious, deplorable. Scottish in later use. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > foulness or filth > [adjective]

blackOE

rotea1382

lousyc1386

unwashed?a1390

fulsomec1390

filthy?c1400

rankc1400

leprousa1425

sicka1425

miry1532

shitten?1545

murrain1575

obscene1597

vicious1597

ketty1607

putrid1628

putredinous1641

foede1657

fulsamic1694

carrion1826

foul1842

shitty1879

scabrous1880

scummy1932

pukey1933

shitting1950

gungy1962

grungy1965

shithouse1966

grot1967

bogging1973

the mind > emotion > hatred > object of detestation (person or thing) > [adjective]

loatha700

eileOE

andsetec1000

wlatfulc1230

aloathedc1275

wlatsomea1300

unhonest13..

wlata1325

hideousc1330

abominable1340

hatefula1382

hatesomea1382

abominablec1384

odiousa1387

fulsomec1390

accursedc1400

hatousc1400

rankc1400

hateablec1425

odiblec1425

ugsomec1425

wretchedc1430

loathsomec1440

loathfula1450

noisomea1450

abhominal1477

detestable1477

loathy1481

loathing?a1513

oppugnanta1513

irksome1513

hateworthy1548

abhorful1565

ugged1570

detestine1575

ulcerous1577

opposite1578

scandalous1592

offensive1594

obscene1597

ulcered1602

dirtya1616

abhorrent1628

toady1628

envious1630

repugnant1633

nauseating1645

nauseous1646

obnoxious1646

detestful1654

reluctant1663

horrid1666

abnoxious1682

devilish1692

invidious1710

repellent1776

repellant1780

sickening1789

toadish1822

carrion1826

ugging1839

cussed1853

repugnant1879

jerky1944

vomitous1952

barfy1957

c1390 MS Vernon Homilies in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1877) 57 309 Heo is so vnsemely And so wiþ taken wiþ foly, þat heo falleþ not to come Bi fore Men: heo is so fulsome.

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 1061 (MED) The fulsomeste freke that fourmede was euere.

c1480 (a1400) St. Julian 496 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 472 Of his wykytnes þat fulsume til al gud-men wes.

1533 T. More 2nd Pt. Confut. Tyndals Answere viii. p. ccclxxxi Tyndale..wyth his fulsome felynge fayth.

1561 R. Norvell Meroure f. 56 So was he vinquest, in his own delytes, Be immoderat, & foulsome appetytes.

1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 464/2 It is a foule and fulsome thing, whiche shee must leaue off.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Robin A filthie knaue with a fulsome queane.

1680 T. Otway Orphan i. 4 Now half the Youth of Europe are in Armes, How fulsome must it be to stay behind, And dye of rank diseases here at home?

1687 A. Shields Hind let Loose i. vi. 173 Considering the Addresses made thereupon, with such a stain of foulsome & blasphemous flatteries, to the dishonour of God.

1706 T. Forrester Rev. & Consideration Two Late Pamphlets i. 40 Believing his False and Foulsome Imputations upon Presbyterian Government.

1714 A. Pope Chaucer's Wife of Bath in R. Steele Poet. Misc. 13 Fulsom Love for Gain we can endure.

1780 W. Cowper Progress of Error 291 And lest the fulsome artifice should fail, Themselves will hide its coarseness with a veil.

1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. iii. 91 Would you play your pranks..as ye would in a booth at the fulsome fair, or amidst the trappings and tracings of a profane dancing-school?

1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 29 Have at a fousome kirk, and batter Her lustfu' banes untill they clatter!

1857 H. S. Riddell Bk. Psalms Lowland Sc. xiv. 3 Thaye ar a'thegither becum foulsume; ther is nane that deth guid, na, nat ane.

1992 D. Purves Shakespeare's Tragedie o Macbeth iv. iii. 54 Guid God, lat thare be nae mair taigilment, afore this fousum deil an me is brocht thegither face ti face.

†b. Sexually unrestrained, unchaste, lascivious; bawdy, lewd. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > lasciviousness or lust > [adjective]

golelichc1000

luxuriousc1330

jollyc1384

lustyc1386

Venerienc1386

nicea1393

gayc1405

lasciviousc1425

libidinous1447

Venerian1448

coltishc1450

gigly1482

lubric1490

ranka1500

venereous1509

lubricous1535

venerious1547

boarish?1550

goatish?1552

cadye1554

lusting1559

coy1570

rage1573

rammish1577

venerial1577

lustful1579

rageous1579

proud1590

lust-breathed1594

rampant1596

venerous1597

sharp-seta1600

fulsome1600

lubrical1602

hot-backed1607

ruttish1607

stoned1607

muskish-minded1610

Venerean1612

saucya1616

veneral1623

lascive1647

venereal1652

lascivient1653

hircine1656

hot-tempered1673

ramp1678

randy1771

concupiscenta1834

aphrodisiac1862

lubricious1884

radgie1894

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > moral or spiritual impurity > indecency > [adjective] > lewd, bawdy, or obscene

lewdc1386

filthy?c1400

knavishc1405

sensual?a1425

ribaldousc1440

dishonestc1450

bawdya1513

ribald?a1513

ribaldious?1518

slovenly?1518

ribaldry1519

priapish1531

ribaldish?1533

filthous1551

ribaldly1570

obscene1571

bawdisha1586

obscenous1591

greasy1598

dirty1599

fulsome1600

spurcitious1658

lasciviating1660

smutty1668

bawdry1764

ribaldric1796

un-Quakerlike1824

fat1836

ithyphallic1856

hot1892

rorty1898

rude1919

bitchy1928

feelthy1930

raunchy1943

ranchy1959

down and dirty1969

steamy1970

sleazo1972

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. iii. 85 In the dooing of the deede of kind He stuck them vp before the fulsome Ewes, Who then conceauing, did in eaning time Fall party-colourd lambs.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iv. i. 36 Lye with her, Zouns, that's fulsome .

1680 J. Dryden in J. Dryden et al. tr. Ovid Epist. Pref. sig. A3^v A certain Epigram, which is ascrib'd to him [sc. the emperour]..is more fulsome than any passage I have met with in our Poet [sc. Ovid].

1682 T. Shadwell Medal of John Bayes 3 Thy Mirth by foolish Bawdry is exprest; And so debauch'd, so fulsome, and so odd.

1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth I. 327 Each Drunken Bully oblige for Pay, And earn an hated Living in an odious Fulsom way.

1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius No. 20. 2/2 What followed was too fulsome for the Eyes of my chaste Readers.

†a. Wearisome (from excess or repetition); tedious. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > feeling of weariness or tedium > [adjective] > wearisome or tedious > causing satiety

fulsomec1430

surfeiting?1569

glutting1574

over-cloying1592

cloysome1603

gluttish1655

palling1667

saturating1684

cloying1752

satiating1769

unwearable1846

c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 300 It were to tediouse..and also it schulde so sone be fulsome and not in comfortable deyntethe by cause of the freelte of mankynde, that hath likynge to here and knowe newe thinges.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xxi. sig. Li^v Lest in repetyng a thinge so frequent and commune, my boke shulde be..fastidious or fulsome to the reders.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) v. i. 106 If it be ought to the old tune, my Lord, It is as fat and fulsome to mine eare As howling after Musicke.

1633 D. Rogers Treat. Two Sacraments Gospell i. 163 Who then wonders if the Supper of Christ..be as a fulsome thing unto you?

1694 J. Addison Acct. Greatest Eng. Poets in Ann. Miscellany 319 The long-spun Allegories fulsom grow, While the dull Moral lies too plain below.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 70 As too little Action is cold, so too much is fulsome.

b. Of food: coarse, heavy, filling; difficult to digest, cloying. Also in figurative contexts. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [adjective] > coarse or tough

toughc1400

boisterous1483

fulsome1555

foul1560

rough1583

coarse1607

indelicate1751

tough as (old) boots or leather1843

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > excessive consumption of food or drink > [adjective] > over-fed, gorged, or sated > overfeeding or gorging

fulsome1555

overfeeding1621

saturating1684

cloying1808

stodging1898

1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. vi. 94 This kinde of meate onely, serueth them all their life tyme..and neuer waxeth fulsome vnto theim.

1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. vi. i. 160 Our ale..is more thicke, fulsome and of no continuance.

1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits xii. 198 Though the same were a meat of such delicasie and pleasing relish, yet in the end, the people of Israell found it fulsome.

1608 Bp. J. Hall Epist. II. iv. i. 117 A little honie is sweet; much, fulsome.

1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xvi. 141 A gross and fulsome nourishment, unless they meet with a strong and good stomack.

1744 E. Young Complaint: Night the Seventh 14 Why starv'd, on Earth, our Angel-Appetites; While Brutal are indulg'd their fulsome Fill?

1770 J. Wilkes Let. 29 July in Corr. (1805) IV. 76 I dined with the lord-mayor..We had two turtles, and a fulsome great dinner.

1812 Brit. Rev. & London Crit. Jrnl. 3 33 We cannot find stomach for Mr. Roscoe's dish of reform, the great and fulsome ingredient in which is downright universal suffrage.

1832 Oliad 54 The lust Of craving cannot force the fulsome meal.

1907 E. T. Thurston Katherine iv. 34 They all sought the improvement of the state, as children after a fulsome meal hunt for pignuts.

1957 H. Hall Parish's Dict. Sussex Dial. (new ed.) 46/2 Eggs be very fulsome.

c. Sickening, nauseating (in taste); sickly-sweet. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > unsavouriness > [adjective] > disgusting

queasyc1450

walsh1513

filthy1533

wallowish1548

foul1560

maumish1580

nasty1601

distastable1607

distasteful1611

disgustfula1625

nauseous1649

fulsome1694

mawkisha1697

disgusting1754

pukey1852

brackish1871

wambly1899

bogging1973

feechie1975

angin1994

1694 W. Westmacott Θεολοβοτονολογια 6 The common Anise-Seed-Water..is the most fulsom and insalubrious of Strong-waters.

1736 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer II. iv. 22 A certain sour, fulsome Quality that the former Wort left behind.

a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Fond, luscious; fulsome; disagreeably sweet, in taste or in smell.

1885 Gardeners Chron. 3 Mar. 287/1 The honey was..penetrated with the fulsome flavour of the Peas to such an extent as to be unpalatable.

1927 S. Gwynn In Praise of France ix. 234 I could not make out why it lacked the rather fulsome sweetness of ordinary Sauternes.

1963 M. Masterson in F. C. Crews Pooh Perplex 48 He finds himself..nearly made to swallow Roo's fulsome baby medicine.

a. Physically disgusting; filthy, dirty, foul, loathsome. Scottish in later use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > foulness or filth > [adjective] > to the senses

fulsomec1510

the mind > emotion > hatred > dislike > disgust > [adjective] > disgusting or repulsive

fulsomec1510

distasteful1607

stinkardly1616

reluctant1663

disgustful1678

fulsamic1694

disgusteda1716

disgustive1740

revolting1773

disgustable1787

repulsive1791

disgusting1839

foul1842

vomitorial1868

untouchable1873

icky1938

gross1959

grody1965

yechy1969

yucky1970

yuck1971

yuck-making1972

gross-out1973

skeevy1976

sleazoid1976

skanky1982

festy1995

mug2009

c1510 Remors of Conscyence (de Worde) sig. a.ii^v Man is but fulsome erth and claye.

1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 51 Whereby they noted the greate dislykinge they hadde of theire fulsome feeding.

1595 tr. G. de S. Du Bartas First Day of Worldes Creation 32 Like a canker goodlie fruits and wholsome, He blasts with venime, making al things foulsome.

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. iv. 32 I will..stop this gap of breath with fulsome dust.

1628 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 3) i. ii. i. ii. 50 She vomited some 24 pounds of fulsome stuffe of all colours.

1651 J. Evans Universall Med. sig. G3 He was the most miserable spectacle, and the most foulsome to come neer unto, that ever I saw in all my life.

1654 Mercurius Fumigosus No. 3. 21 His Chambermaid, as fulsome a Creature as ever the Sun shined on, her Tresses were like the Haires of the Harpiæ, she was Beetle-brow'd, Monkey-proud, Leathern-Ear'd.

1720 T. Boston Human Nature iii. 170 The Lord knows the hearts of sinners to be exceedingly intent upon fulfilling their lusts; they cleave so fondly to these fulsom Breasts.

a1825 Lord Thomas & Fair Annet x, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1904) 155/2 A fusom fag by yer fire!

1849 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 16 120/2 Hundreds of dogs..are annually committed to the abysses of these foulsome waters.

a1870 H. S. Riddell Poet. Wks. (1871) I. 24 Lording forth the fame That may as ignominy yet be found, Alone not to its authors but to them Whose names their foulsome lips have folded round.

1912 G. Cunningham Verse: maistly in Doric 247 The Gair'ner o' the universe Dibbled in a foulsome hole.

1943 W. S. Forsyth Guff o' Waur 40 His boon companion was his cat, a weel-scarred fu'some breet.

1992 J. Miller Fine White Stoor 187 And instead o the foosim Caliban? A large, cheery gentleman in a white suit.

2008 Cromarty Fisherfolk Dial. (Am Baile) 12 Foosim or fousome, dirty.

b. Offensive to the sense of smell, foul-smelling, rank. Also: strong-smelling, pungent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fetor > [adjective]

foul-stinkingOE

poignantc1387

rammishc1395

rank1479

reekya1500

puanta1529

unsavoury1539

uglyc1540

contagious1547

noisome1559

fulsome1576

fetid1599

nasty1601

unsweet1605

rammy1607

stenchful1615

stinkardly1616

rancid1627

reeking1629

pungent1644

olidous1646

stenching1654

graveolent1657

maleolent1657

virous1661

olid1680

ranciduous1688

feculent1703

virose1756

stenchy1757

infragrant1813

inodorous1823

nosy1836

malodorous1850

unfragrant1858

smelly1862

cacodorous1863

stinky1888

funked out1893

niffya1903

whiffy1905

pongy1936

fresh1966

minging1970

bogging1973

bowfing1983

honking1985

1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions 142 Their Chawes rammishe, And throate vpbelching fulsome breathes.

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 41 Eech path was fulsoom with sent of sulphurus orpyn.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §507 They are commonly of rank and fulsome smell; as May-Flowers and White Lillies.

1683 T. Tryon Way to Health 119 That is the reason why fryed, baked and stewed Food does send forth a stronger and fulsomer scent than other Preparations.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Malt The Kiln ought to have convenient Windows, that your gross Steams, fulsom Damps, and stupifying Vapours may pass freely away.

1828 Edinb. Rev. May 376 The close, hot, fulsome smell of bad ventilation.

1893 Gardening Illustr. 15 488/2 A good group of them is pleasing, but their fulsome odour is rather unpleasant.

1913 G. Cannan Round Corner iv. 37 The very air was thick and oppressive with the smell of flowers, and to this was added the fulsome stench of incense.

1969 D. Lytton Tale of Love, Alas 102 There was that comfortable fulsome smell of a cigar.

1993 M. McIntosh in Chapman Autumn 112 The fousome guff wis like tae mak him boak but he chockit it back.

2004 Toronto Star (Nexis) 4 July a7 Complaining all the while about their cargo's fulsome smell.

5. Of language or behaviour, or of a person with regard to this.

a. Offensive or objectionable owing to excess or lack of moderation; esp. excessively effusive or complimentary; too lavish, overdone.In recent use, sometimes distinguished from sense A. 5b only by mildly pejorative overtones: in many 20th century examples, it is difficult to be certain whether the older critical sense or a neutral or even positive sense is intended.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > exaggeration, hyperbole > [adjective]

hyperbolical?a1475

overchargeda1542

magnificate1568

amplified1580

superlative1586

fulsome1602

hyperthetical?1611

hyperbolous1638

hyperbolic1646

bloata1657

exaggerated1725

overshot1774

overstuffed1808

overdrawn1841

fine-drawn1888

steep1895

larger-than-life1937

blown-up1961

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [adjective] > inflated or bombastic > excessive or offending good taste

fulsome1602

1602 B. Jonson Poetaster ii. i. sig. C In sinceritie, if you be thus fulsome to me in euery thing, I'le be diuorc't; Gods my body!

1665 S. Patrick Parable of Pilgrim 199 I never heard anything so fulsome from the mouth of man; and found my self..impatient of such filthy stuff.

1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. vi. 12 [They] were puffed up with the fulsome Flatteries of their Philosophers and Sophists.

1702 N. Rowe Tamerlane iii. i. 1081 Bear back thy fulsom Greeting to thy Master.

1771 J. Murray Hist. Churches Eng. & Scotl. III. 479 The high church party flattered him with addresses, and passed many foulsome encomiums upon his wisdom and sagacity.

1782 J. Warton Ess. on Pope (new ed.) II. xii. 407 This fawning and fulsome court-historian.

1801 M. Edgeworth Prussian Vase in Moral Tales III. 39 The fulsome strains of courtly..adulation.

1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets vi. 169 Pindar was never fulsome in his panegyric.

1875 A. Helps Social Pressure xiii. 178 This fulsome publicity I have described.

1901 F. Kingsland Etiquette for All Occasions iii. 55 A bit fulsome, perhaps, but one easily forgives any over-appreciation of a kindness.

1930 Sewanee Rev. 38 17 The sycophantic practice of authors of dedicating their work to a patron often degraded the prologue into an address of fulsome flattery.

1979 S. Brett Comedian Dies iii. 33 ‘It's been a great pleasure to meet you. I've been a fan of yours for many years.’ He hoped it didn't sound meaninglessly fulsome.

2000 New Republic 3 July 27/1 Her books had long, fancy-pants titles with semicolons, and fulsome tributes on her acknowledgements pages.

b. Unrestrained, exuberant; effusive; lavish; wholehearted.This use probably developed from sense A. 5a partly as a result of the ambiguity of expressions such as fulsome praise, in which the speaker's or writer's attitude may be taken as neutral or even positive rather than critical; see also etymological note. It has been censured by writers on usage, but is now well established. Cf. also sense A. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [adjective] > having abundant vocabulary > profuse > effusive

lavish?1485

lavishing1598

fulsome1922

1922 People of State of New York against Thomas J. Ryan: Case on Appeal (Court of Appeals, State of N.Y.) 168 Why did you write that and fill it with so much fulsomeexpression of regard and love?

1936 Amer. Mag. Art May 342/1 In the text of both books one finds fulsome praise, probably much too fulsome.

1955 Wisconsin Mag. Hist. 39 176 Fulsome tribute was paid to the armed forces in observance of Veterans' Day.

1962 Ebony July 41/1 For all of this Diahann gives fulsome thanks to her mentor, Richard Rodgers. ‘Mr. Rodgers is a musical genius,’ she says feelingly. ‘He is also a great American. He made me a Broadway star and I love him.’

1992 P. Gore FASB Conceptual Framework Project 1973–1985 iii. 46 His suggestion..received fulsome support from the other Board members.

2015 Wigan Today (Nexis) 22 Aug. Caldwell was fulsome in his praise for his troops after the game.

B. n.

With the. That which is fulsome; fulsomeness.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [noun] > inflated or bombastic style > offending good taste

fulsomeness1684

fulsome1742

1742 H. Walpole Let. 3 Mar. in Lett. to H. Mann (1833) I. 108 Some choice letters from Queen Anne, little inferior in the fulsome to those from King James to..Buckingham.

1917 M. Bryant Shadow on Stone i. 29 Dale showed his gratification in a suitable manner that did not border on the fulsome.

1967 A. M. Greeley Changing Catholic College v. 92 To say that the administration of these three schools was unprofessional..would be to verge on the fulsome.

2010 Canberra Times (Nexis) 27 Nov. a26 Many voters might have seen the welcome as verging on the fulsome.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	fulsome
释义	fulsomeadj.n. Brit. /ˈfʊls(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈfʊlsəm/ Forms: Middle English folsom, Middle English folsum, Middle English foulsom, Middle English–1500s fulsum, Middle English–1700s fulsom, Middle English– foulsome (chiefly in senses A. 2a, A. 4), Middle English– fulsome, 1500s fulsoom, 1500s–1600s 1900s– fullsome; also Scottish (chiefly in senses A. 2a, A. 4) pre-1700 foulsum, pre-1700 fowsum, pre-1700 1700s fowsome, pre-1700 1800s– fousome, 1700s foulsom, 1700s fousom, 1800s fooisome (Shetland), 1800s foulsume, 1800s fusom, 1800s fusome, 1800s fusum, 1800s– fu'some, 1900s– foosim, 1900s– foosum. N.E.D. (1898) also records a form late Middle English folsome. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: full adj., -some suffix¹. Etymology: < full adj. + -some suffix¹. Compare earlier fulsomeness n.In forms in foul- apparently by association of the first element with foul adj.Although the earliest sense of fulsome (‘abundant’) was positive, it subsequently acquired negative connotations in all senses (perhaps partly as a result of association with foul adj.); in the course of the 20th cent., however, senses A. 1a, A. 1b were revived under the influence of full adj., and A. 5a developed a positive use, probably partly under the same influence (see further the note at that sense). A. adj. 1. a. Characterized by being full of some commodity or material; abundant, plentiful; providing a copious supply, rich; (in later use also) complete, comprehensive.In quot. 1633: growing abundantly.Revived in the 19th century. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adjective] goodeOE broadOE fullOE large?c1225 rifec1225 fulsomea1325 abundanta1382 plenteousa1382 copiousc1384 plentifula1400 ranka1400 aboundc1425 affluentc1425 aboundable?1440 seedy1440 manyfulc1450 ample1472 olda1500 richa1500 flowing1526 fertilent1535 wallingc1540 copy1546 abounding1560 fat1563 numbrous1566 good, great store1569 round1592 redundant1594 fruitful1604 cornucopian1609 much1609 plenty?a1610 pukka1619 redundant1621 uberant1622 swelling1628 uberous1633 numerousa1635 superfluent1648 full tide1649 lucky1649 redounding1667 numerose1692 bumper1836 prolific1890 proliferous1915 the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by good growth > [adjective] > flourishing or luxuriant in growth greeneOE frimOE ranka1325 wlonk1398 flourishingc1400 rankish1495 frank?1548 gole1573 abled1576 wanton1579 proud1597 unseared1599 unwithered1599 ramping1607 lusha1616 fulsome1633 luxurious1644 rampant1648 luxuriant1661 lascivious1698 pert1727 unnipped1775 verdurous1820 happy1875 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2153 Ðe .vii. fulsum geres faren. c1450 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Durh.) (1961) i. l. 824 As a fulsome well Shedith his stream in to þe ryvere. 1481 (a1470) J. Tiptoft tr. Cicero De Amicicia (Caxton) sig. b7^v Though he..were sette in moost folsom plente. ?1518 A. Barclay tr. D. Mancinus Myrrour Good Maners sig. D Folowe fulsome feldes, abundaunt of frument. 1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lxxiii. 26) Much more fulsome is Davids confession [L. Longè plenior est Dauidis confessio]. 1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie xcii. 571 Of their first fruites instede of making good fulsome sheaues and bundels vnto God, they gelded them, and made them verie thinne and lanke. 1633 Costlie Whore iv. sig. F2^v Plucke up the fulsome thistle in the prime. 1868 A. Helps Realmah II. xi. 80 My complaint of the world..is this—that there is too much of everything..and so I could go on enumerating..all the things which are too full in this fulsome world. I use fulsome in the original sense. 1889 Realty Company (Boston) : Brief Acct. Territory 15 It is in a beautiful valley..whose sides are covered with a fulsome growth of large pines. 1918 Amer. Cookery Oct. 610/1 (advt.) In soups, creamed, etc., a fullsome and appetizing food. 1939 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 11 142 Our documentary resources are not so fulsomeand hence not so conclusive. 1955 Speculum 30 498 The meticulous documentation in learned and fulsome footnotes. 1993 Beautiful Brit. Columbia Fall (Insert) 24 Fullsome breakfasts, luxuriant Laura Ashley bedrooms and Joan's welcoming smiles are all-inclusive. b. Chiefly of a person or (a part of) the body: full and plump; fleshy, corpulent; oversized, overfed; (in later use) full-figured; voluptuous. Also in extended use.Revived in the 20th century. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [adjective] > fat or plump fatc893 frimOE fullOE overfatOE greatOE bald1297 roundc1300 encorsivea1340 fattishc1369 fleshyc1369 fleshlyc1374 repletea1398 largec1405 corsious1430 corpulentc1440 corsyc1440 fulsome1447 portlyc1487 corporate1509 foggy fata1529 corsive1530 foggish?1537 plump1545 fatty1552 fleshful1552 pubble1566 plum1570 pursy1576 well-fleshed1576 gross?1577 fog1582 forfatted1586 gulchy1598 bouksome1600 fat-fed1607 meatified1607 chuff1609 plumpya1616 bloat1638 blowze-like1647 obese1651 jollya1661 bloated1664 chubbed1674 pluffya1689 puffya1689 pussy1688 sappy1694 crummy1718 chubby1722 fodgel1724 well-padded1737 beefy1743 plumpish1753 pudsy1754 rotund1762 portable1770 lusty1777 roundabout1787 well-cushioned1802 plenitudinous1803 stout1804 embonpointc1806 roly-poly1808 adipose1810 roll-about1815 foggy1817 poddy1823 porky1828 hide-blown1834 tubby1835 stoutish1836 tubbish1836 superfatted1841 pottle-bodied1842 pincushiony1851 opulent1882 well-covered1884 well-upholstered1886 butterball1888 endomorphic1888 tisty-tosty1888 pachyntic1890 barrel-bodied1894 overweight1899 pussy-gutted1906 upholstered1924 the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > excessive consumption of food or drink > [adjective] > over-fed, gorged, or sated full of foodOE surfeitousc1390 repletea1400 satiate1440 fulsome1447 overfed1579 surfeited1584 gorged1594 overgorged1607 gluttoneda1658 saturated1658 throat-full1681 quat?c1730 stalled1740 englutted1814 cloyed1830 stodged1873 1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 7940 (MED) In somyr, whan þe fruht was come Of þer laboure, þei were ful-some. c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) 497 Wiþ þe siht clene We ben as fulsom ifounde as þouȝ we fed were. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 48^v With a necke..Nawþer fulsom ne fat but fetis & round. 1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) vii. f. 85 His leane, pale, hore, and withered corse grew fulsome, faire, and fresh. 1593 B. Rich Greenes Newes sig. G3^v A chuffe-headed Cardinall with a paire of fulsome cheekes. 1628 G. Wither Britain's Remembrancer vi. 637 For either arme in such a mould is cast As makes it full as fulsome as their waste. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 24 Lazy, Laodicean temper of a fulsome, carelesse, surfeted spirit. 1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 238 A fulsome and over-grown and unwholesome Flesh. 1952 Women's Wear Daily 2 Apr. Crisp sheer shantung dresses give fulsome billowy figure flattery. 1958 Life 19 May 2/1 Margaret O'Brien, now a fulsome 20-year-old, unsheathes sinuous curves in sophisticated style. 1983 R. Curtis & R. Atkinson Black Adder in R. Curtis et al. Blackadder: Whole Damn Dynasty (1998) 21/1 (stage direct.) The queen is by a fire with a rather fulsome lady-in-waiting, yarning wool. 1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 58/2 It was still full of those heavy, fulsome, towering trees. 2004 Vanity Fair Nov. 164 His thousands of smiling, fulsome ladies are just that—nude rather than naked. 2. a. Offending against accepted standards of morality or taste; morally reprehensible, obnoxious, deplorable. Scottish in later use. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > foulness or filth > [adjective] blackOE rotea1382 lousyc1386 unwashed?a1390 fulsomec1390 filthy?c1400 rankc1400 leprousa1425 sicka1425 miry1532 shitten?1545 murrain1575 obscene1597 vicious1597 ketty1607 putrid1628 putredinous1641 foede1657 fulsamic1694 carrion1826 foul1842 shitty1879 scabrous1880 scummy1932 pukey1933 shitting1950 gungy1962 grungy1965 shithouse1966 grot1967 bogging1973 the mind > emotion > hatred > object of detestation (person or thing) > [adjective] loatha700 eileOE andsetec1000 wlatfulc1230 aloathedc1275 wlatsomea1300 unhonest13.. wlata1325 hideousc1330 abominable1340 hatefula1382 hatesomea1382 abominablec1384 odiousa1387 fulsomec1390 accursedc1400 hatousc1400 rankc1400 hateablec1425 odiblec1425 ugsomec1425 wretchedc1430 loathsomec1440 loathfula1450 noisomea1450 abhominal1477 detestable1477 loathy1481 loathing?a1513 oppugnanta1513 irksome1513 hateworthy1548 abhorful1565 ugged1570 detestine1575 ulcerous1577 opposite1578 scandalous1592 offensive1594 obscene1597 ulcered1602 dirtya1616 abhorrent1628 toady1628 envious1630 repugnant1633 nauseating1645 nauseous1646 obnoxious1646 detestful1654 reluctant1663 horrid1666 abnoxious1682 devilish1692 invidious1710 repellent1776 repellant1780 sickening1789 toadish1822 carrion1826 ugging1839 cussed1853 repugnant1879 jerky1944 vomitous1952 barfy1957 c1390 MS Vernon Homilies in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1877) 57 309 Heo is so vnsemely And so wiþ taken wiþ foly, þat heo falleþ not to come Bi fore Men: heo is so fulsome. c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 1061 (MED) The fulsomeste freke that fourmede was euere. c1480 (a1400) St. Julian 496 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 472 Of his wykytnes þat fulsume til al gud-men wes. 1533 T. More 2nd Pt. Confut. Tyndals Answere viii. p. ccclxxxi Tyndale..wyth his fulsome felynge fayth. 1561 R. Norvell Meroure f. 56 So was he vinquest, in his own delytes, Be immoderat, & foulsome appetytes. 1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 464/2 It is a foule and fulsome thing, whiche shee must leaue off. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Robin A filthie knaue with a fulsome queane. 1680 T. Otway Orphan i. 4 Now half the Youth of Europe are in Armes, How fulsome must it be to stay behind, And dye of rank diseases here at home? 1687 A. Shields Hind let Loose i. vi. 173 Considering the Addresses made thereupon, with such a stain of foulsome & blasphemous flatteries, to the dishonour of God. 1706 T. Forrester Rev. & Consideration Two Late Pamphlets i. 40 Believing his False and Foulsome Imputations upon Presbyterian Government. 1714 A. Pope Chaucer's Wife of Bath in R. Steele Poet. Misc. 13 Fulsom Love for Gain we can endure. 1780 W. Cowper Progress of Error 291 And lest the fulsome artifice should fail, Themselves will hide its coarseness with a veil. 1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. iii. 91 Would you play your pranks..as ye would in a booth at the fulsome fair, or amidst the trappings and tracings of a profane dancing-school? 1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 29 Have at a fousome kirk, and batter Her lustfu' banes untill they clatter! 1857 H. S. Riddell Bk. Psalms Lowland Sc. xiv. 3 Thaye ar a'thegither becum foulsume; ther is nane that deth guid, na, nat ane. 1992 D. Purves Shakespeare's Tragedie o Macbeth iv. iii. 54 Guid God, lat thare be nae mair taigilment, afore this fousum deil an me is brocht thegither face ti face. †b. Sexually unrestrained, unchaste, lascivious; bawdy, lewd. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > lasciviousness or lust > [adjective] golelichc1000 luxuriousc1330 jollyc1384 lustyc1386 Venerienc1386 nicea1393 gayc1405 lasciviousc1425 libidinous1447 Venerian1448 coltishc1450 gigly1482 lubric1490 ranka1500 venereous1509 lubricous1535 venerious1547 boarish?1550 goatish?1552 cadye1554 lusting1559 coy1570 rage1573 rammish1577 venerial1577 lustful1579 rageous1579 proud1590 lust-breathed1594 rampant1596 venerous1597 sharp-seta1600 fulsome1600 lubrical1602 hot-backed1607 ruttish1607 stoned1607 muskish-minded1610 Venerean1612 saucya1616 veneral1623 lascive1647 venereal1652 lascivient1653 hircine1656 hot-tempered1673 ramp1678 randy1771 concupiscenta1834 aphrodisiac1862 lubricious1884 radgie1894 society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > moral or spiritual impurity > indecency > [adjective] > lewd, bawdy, or obscene lewdc1386 filthy?c1400 knavishc1405 sensual?a1425 ribaldousc1440 dishonestc1450 bawdya1513 ribald?a1513 ribaldious?1518 slovenly?1518 ribaldry1519 priapish1531 ribaldish?1533 filthous1551 ribaldly1570 obscene1571 bawdisha1586 obscenous1591 greasy1598 dirty1599 fulsome1600 spurcitious1658 lasciviating1660 smutty1668 bawdry1764 ribaldric1796 un-Quakerlike1824 fat1836 ithyphallic1856 hot1892 rorty1898 rude1919 bitchy1928 feelthy1930 raunchy1943 ranchy1959 down and dirty1969 steamy1970 sleazo1972 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. iii. 85 In the dooing of the deede of kind He stuck them vp before the fulsome Ewes, Who then conceauing, did in eaning time Fall party-colourd lambs. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iv. i. 36 Lye with her, Zouns, that's fulsome . View more context for this quotation 1680 J. Dryden in J. Dryden et al. tr. Ovid Epist. Pref. sig. A3^v A certain Epigram, which is ascrib'd to him [sc. the emperour]..is more fulsome than any passage I have met with in our Poet [sc. Ovid]. 1682 T. Shadwell Medal of John Bayes 3 Thy Mirth by foolish Bawdry is exprest; And so debauch'd, so fulsome, and so odd. 1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth I. 327 Each Drunken Bully oblige for Pay, And earn an hated Living in an odious Fulsom way. 1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius No. 20. 2/2 What followed was too fulsome for the Eyes of my chaste Readers. 3. †a. Wearisome (from excess or repetition); tedious. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > feeling of weariness or tedium > [adjective] > wearisome or tedious > causing satiety fulsomec1430 surfeiting?1569 glutting1574 over-cloying1592 cloysome1603 gluttish1655 palling1667 saturating1684 cloying1752 satiating1769 unwearable1846 c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 300 It were to tediouse..and also it schulde so sone be fulsome and not in comfortable deyntethe by cause of the freelte of mankynde, that hath likynge to here and knowe newe thinges. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xxi. sig. Li^v Lest in repetyng a thinge so frequent and commune, my boke shulde be..fastidious or fulsome to the reders. a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) v. i. 106 If it be ought to the old tune, my Lord, It is as fat and fulsome to mine eare As howling after Musicke. View more context for this quotation 1633 D. Rogers Treat. Two Sacraments Gospell i. 163 Who then wonders if the Supper of Christ..be as a fulsome thing unto you? 1694 J. Addison Acct. Greatest Eng. Poets in Ann. Miscellany 319 The long-spun Allegories fulsom grow, While the dull Moral lies too plain below. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 70 As too little Action is cold, so too much is fulsome. b. Of food: coarse, heavy, filling; difficult to digest, cloying. Also in figurative contexts. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [adjective] > coarse or tough toughc1400 boisterous1483 fulsome1555 foul1560 rough1583 coarse1607 indelicate1751 tough as (old) boots or leather1843 the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > excessive consumption of food or drink > [adjective] > over-fed, gorged, or sated > overfeeding or gorging fulsome1555 overfeeding1621 saturating1684 cloying1808 stodging1898 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. vi. 94 This kinde of meate onely, serueth them all their life tyme..and neuer waxeth fulsome vnto theim. 1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. vi. i. 160 Our ale..is more thicke, fulsome and of no continuance. 1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits xii. 198 Though the same were a meat of such delicasie and pleasing relish, yet in the end, the people of Israell found it fulsome. 1608 Bp. J. Hall Epist. II. iv. i. 117 A little honie is sweet; much, fulsome. 1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xvi. 141 A gross and fulsome nourishment, unless they meet with a strong and good stomack. 1744 E. Young Complaint: Night the Seventh 14 Why starv'd, on Earth, our Angel-Appetites; While Brutal are indulg'd their fulsome Fill? 1770 J. Wilkes Let. 29 July in Corr. (1805) IV. 76 I dined with the lord-mayor..We had two turtles, and a fulsome great dinner. 1812 Brit. Rev. & London Crit. Jrnl. 3 33 We cannot find stomach for Mr. Roscoe's dish of reform, the great and fulsome ingredient in which is downright universal suffrage. 1832 Oliad 54 The lust Of craving cannot force the fulsome meal. 1907 E. T. Thurston Katherine iv. 34 They all sought the improvement of the state, as children after a fulsome meal hunt for pignuts. 1957 H. Hall Parish's Dict. Sussex Dial. (new ed.) 46/2 Eggs be very fulsome. c. Sickening, nauseating (in taste); sickly-sweet. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > unsavouriness > [adjective] > disgusting queasyc1450 walsh1513 filthy1533 wallowish1548 foul1560 maumish1580 nasty1601 distastable1607 distasteful1611 disgustfula1625 nauseous1649 fulsome1694 mawkisha1697 disgusting1754 pukey1852 brackish1871 wambly1899 bogging1973 feechie1975 angin1994 1694 W. Westmacott Θεολοβοτονολογια 6 The common Anise-Seed-Water..is the most fulsom and insalubrious of Strong-waters. 1736 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer II. iv. 22 A certain sour, fulsome Quality that the former Wort left behind. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Fond, luscious; fulsome; disagreeably sweet, in taste or in smell. 1885 Gardeners Chron. 3 Mar. 287/1 The honey was..penetrated with the fulsome flavour of the Peas to such an extent as to be unpalatable. 1927 S. Gwynn In Praise of France ix. 234 I could not make out why it lacked the rather fulsome sweetness of ordinary Sauternes. 1963 M. Masterson in F. C. Crews Pooh Perplex 48 He finds himself..nearly made to swallow Roo's fulsome baby medicine. 4. a. Physically disgusting; filthy, dirty, foul, loathsome. Scottish in later use. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > foulness or filth > [adjective] > to the senses fulsomec1510 the mind > emotion > hatred > dislike > disgust > [adjective] > disgusting or repulsive fulsomec1510 distasteful1607 stinkardly1616 reluctant1663 disgustful1678 fulsamic1694 disgusteda1716 disgustive1740 revolting1773 disgustable1787 repulsive1791 disgusting1839 foul1842 vomitorial1868 untouchable1873 icky1938 gross1959 grody1965 yechy1969 yucky1970 yuck1971 yuck-making1972 gross-out1973 skeevy1976 sleazoid1976 skanky1982 festy1995 mug2009 c1510 Remors of Conscyence (de Worde) sig. a.ii^v Man is but fulsome erth and claye. 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 51 Whereby they noted the greate dislykinge they hadde of theire fulsome feeding. 1595 tr. G. de S. Du Bartas First Day of Worldes Creation 32 Like a canker goodlie fruits and wholsome, He blasts with venime, making al things foulsome. a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. iv. 32 I will..stop this gap of breath with fulsome dust. View more context for this quotation 1628 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 3) i. ii. i. ii. 50 She vomited some 24 pounds of fulsome stuffe of all colours. 1651 J. Evans Universall Med. sig. G3 He was the most miserable spectacle, and the most foulsome to come neer unto, that ever I saw in all my life. 1654 Mercurius Fumigosus No. 3. 21 His Chambermaid, as fulsome a Creature as ever the Sun shined on, her Tresses were like the Haires of the Harpiæ, she was Beetle-brow'd, Monkey-proud, Leathern-Ear'd. 1720 T. Boston Human Nature iii. 170 The Lord knows the hearts of sinners to be exceedingly intent upon fulfilling their lusts; they cleave so fondly to these fulsom Breasts. a1825 Lord Thomas & Fair Annet x, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1904) 155/2 A fusom fag by yer fire! 1849 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 16 120/2 Hundreds of dogs..are annually committed to the abysses of these foulsome waters. a1870 H. S. Riddell Poet. Wks. (1871) I. 24 Lording forth the fame That may as ignominy yet be found, Alone not to its authors but to them Whose names their foulsome lips have folded round. 1912 G. Cunningham Verse: maistly in Doric 247 The Gair'ner o' the universe Dibbled in a foulsome hole. 1943 W. S. Forsyth Guff o' Waur 40 His boon companion was his cat, a weel-scarred fu'some breet. 1992 J. Miller Fine White Stoor 187 And instead o the foosim Caliban? A large, cheery gentleman in a white suit. 2008 Cromarty Fisherfolk Dial. (Am Baile) 12 Foosim or fousome, dirty. b. Offensive to the sense of smell, foul-smelling, rank. Also: strong-smelling, pungent. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fetor > [adjective] foul-stinkingOE poignantc1387 rammishc1395 rank1479 reekya1500 puanta1529 unsavoury1539 uglyc1540 contagious1547 noisome1559 fulsome1576 fetid1599 nasty1601 unsweet1605 rammy1607 stenchful1615 stinkardly1616 rancid1627 reeking1629 pungent1644 olidous1646 stenching1654 graveolent1657 maleolent1657 virous1661 olid1680 ranciduous1688 feculent1703 virose1756 stenchy1757 infragrant1813 inodorous1823 nosy1836 malodorous1850 unfragrant1858 smelly1862 cacodorous1863 stinky1888 funked out1893 niffya1903 whiffy1905 pongy1936 fresh1966 minging1970 bogging1973 bowfing1983 honking1985 1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions 142 Their Chawes rammishe, And throate vpbelching fulsome breathes. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 41 Eech path was fulsoom with sent of sulphurus orpyn. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §507 They are commonly of rank and fulsome smell; as May-Flowers and White Lillies. 1683 T. Tryon Way to Health 119 That is the reason why fryed, baked and stewed Food does send forth a stronger and fulsomer scent than other Preparations. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Malt The Kiln ought to have convenient Windows, that your gross Steams, fulsom Damps, and stupifying Vapours may pass freely away. 1828 Edinb. Rev. May 376 The close, hot, fulsome smell of bad ventilation. 1893 Gardening Illustr. 15 488/2 A good group of them is pleasing, but their fulsome odour is rather unpleasant. 1913 G. Cannan Round Corner iv. 37 The very air was thick and oppressive with the smell of flowers, and to this was added the fulsome stench of incense. 1969 D. Lytton Tale of Love, Alas 102 There was that comfortable fulsome smell of a cigar. 1993 M. McIntosh in Chapman Autumn 112 The fousome guff wis like tae mak him boak but he chockit it back. 2004 Toronto Star (Nexis) 4 July a7 Complaining all the while about their cargo's fulsome smell. 5. Of language or behaviour, or of a person with regard to this. a. Offensive or objectionable owing to excess or lack of moderation; esp. excessively effusive or complimentary; too lavish, overdone.In recent use, sometimes distinguished from sense A. 5b only by mildly pejorative overtones: in many 20th century examples, it is difficult to be certain whether the older critical sense or a neutral or even positive sense is intended. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > exaggeration, hyperbole > [adjective] hyperbolical?a1475 overchargeda1542 magnificate1568 amplified1580 superlative1586 fulsome1602 hyperthetical?1611 hyperbolous1638 hyperbolic1646 bloata1657 exaggerated1725 overshot1774 overstuffed1808 overdrawn1841 fine-drawn1888 steep1895 larger-than-life1937 blown-up1961 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [adjective] > inflated or bombastic > excessive or offending good taste fulsome1602 1602 B. Jonson Poetaster ii. i. sig. C In sinceritie, if you be thus fulsome to me in euery thing, I'le be diuorc't; Gods my body! View more context for this quotation 1665 S. Patrick Parable of Pilgrim 199 I never heard anything so fulsome from the mouth of man; and found my self..impatient of such filthy stuff. 1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. vi. 12 [They] were puffed up with the fulsome Flatteries of their Philosophers and Sophists. 1702 N. Rowe Tamerlane iii. i. 1081 Bear back thy fulsom Greeting to thy Master. 1771 J. Murray Hist. Churches Eng. & Scotl. III. 479 The high church party flattered him with addresses, and passed many foulsome encomiums upon his wisdom and sagacity. 1782 J. Warton Ess. on Pope (new ed.) II. xii. 407 This fawning and fulsome court-historian. 1801 M. Edgeworth Prussian Vase in Moral Tales III. 39 The fulsome strains of courtly..adulation. 1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets vi. 169 Pindar was never fulsome in his panegyric. 1875 A. Helps Social Pressure xiii. 178 This fulsome publicity I have described. 1901 F. Kingsland Etiquette for All Occasions iii. 55 A bit fulsome, perhaps, but one easily forgives any over-appreciation of a kindness. 1930 Sewanee Rev. 38 17 The sycophantic practice of authors of dedicating their work to a patron often degraded the prologue into an address of fulsome flattery. 1979 S. Brett Comedian Dies iii. 33 ‘It's been a great pleasure to meet you. I've been a fan of yours for many years.’ He hoped it didn't sound meaninglessly fulsome. 2000 New Republic 3 July 27/1 Her books had long, fancy-pants titles with semicolons, and fulsome tributes on her acknowledgements pages. b. Unrestrained, exuberant; effusive; lavish; wholehearted.This use probably developed from sense A. 5a partly as a result of the ambiguity of expressions such as fulsome praise, in which the speaker's or writer's attitude may be taken as neutral or even positive rather than critical; see also etymological note. It has been censured by writers on usage, but is now well established. Cf. also sense A. 1a. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [adjective] > having abundant vocabulary > profuse > effusive lavish?1485 lavishing1598 fulsome1922 1922 People of State of New York against Thomas J. Ryan: Case on Appeal (Court of Appeals, State of N.Y.) 168 Why did you write that and fill it with so much fulsomeexpression of regard and love? 1936 Amer. Mag. Art May 342/1 In the text of both books one finds fulsome praise, probably much too fulsome. 1955 Wisconsin Mag. Hist. 39 176 Fulsome tribute was paid to the armed forces in observance of Veterans' Day. 1962 Ebony July 41/1 For all of this Diahann gives fulsome thanks to her mentor, Richard Rodgers. ‘Mr. Rodgers is a musical genius,’ she says feelingly. ‘He is also a great American. He made me a Broadway star and I love him.’ 1992 P. Gore FASB Conceptual Framework Project 1973–1985 iii. 46 His suggestion..received fulsome support from the other Board members. 2015 Wigan Today (Nexis) 22 Aug. Caldwell was fulsome in his praise for his troops after the game. B. n. With the. That which is fulsome; fulsomeness. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [noun] > inflated or bombastic style > offending good taste fulsomeness1684 fulsome1742 1742 H. Walpole Let. 3 Mar. in Lett. to H. Mann (1833) I. 108 Some choice letters from Queen Anne, little inferior in the fulsome to those from King James to..Buckingham. 1917 M. Bryant Shadow on Stone i. 29 Dale showed his gratification in a suitable manner that did not border on the fulsome. 1967 A. M. Greeley Changing Catholic College v. 92 To say that the administration of these three schools was unprofessional..would be to verge on the fulsome. 2010 Canberra Times (Nexis) 27 Nov. a26 Many voters might have seen the welcome as verging on the fulsome. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.a1325
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