furrown.
/ˈfʌrəʊ/, U.S. /ˈfəroʊ/ 1.
a. A narrow trench made in the earth with a plough, esp. for the reception of seed. to sow under the furrow (see quot. ?1523 at α. ). †to spare neither ridge nor furrow: a proverbial phrase in Middle English poems expressive of reckless speed on the part of a rider.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > ploughing > [noun] > furrow
furrowc888
vorec1380
scratching1548
henting?a1605
voor1669
thorough1732
gaw1793
dead furrow1838
sheugh1844
mould furrow1851
back-furrow1855
α.
β. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1565 Þay..Ne spared rigges noþer vores til þay mette þat pray.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) i. l. 405 The suerd flaw fra him a fur breid on the land.1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vii. iv. 20 A lityll fur, To mark the fundment of his new citie.c1600 J. Dymmok Treat. Ireland (1842) 42 Men..hidd themselves lyke fearefull hares in the furres.a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 46 The furre on your lefte hande is the best for the fore furre, for then the corne falleth the fittest for the hande.1762 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. ii. xi. 214 The plough will..go upon the points of the irons, which will make her..make a bad fur.1816 W. Scott Old Mortality i, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. III. 21 I wad..turn sic furs on the bonny rigs o' Milnwood holms, that it wad be worth a pint but to look at them.1877–89 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Fur, a furrow. ‘Th' furs was all full o' watter on pag-rag daay, an' soa th' taaties rotted.’c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. v. §2 Þonne dysegaþ se þe þonne wile hwilc sæd oþfæstan þam drium furum.
955 Charter of Eadred in Birch Cartul. Sax. III. 70 Andlang weges to ðære gedrifonan furh, andlang fyrh oþ hit cymð [etc.].
c1220 Bestiary 398 [This der] goð o felde to a furȝ, and falleð ðar-inne..forto bilirten fuȝeles.
c1374 G. Chaucer Former Age 12 No man yit knew the forwes of his lond.
c1440 Bone Flor. 746 He stroke the stede with the spurrys, He spared nodur rygge nor forows.
a1500 Walter of Henley's Husbandry (Sloane) (1890) 47 Yeff [ye] sowe your lande vnder þe foroughe let it be ereyd.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xviii Whete is moost commenly sowen vnder the forow, that is to say cast it vpon the falowe, and than plowe it vnder.
1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. L2 A man..shuld take his plow, & go draw a furrow in a field.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 120 The lab'ring Swain Scratch'd with a Rake, a Furrow for his Grain. View more context for this quotation
1728 J. Thomson Spring 3 The well-us'd Plow Lies in the Furrow.
1807 G. Crabbe Parish Reg. i, in Poems 60 The straitest furrow lifts the ploughman's heart.
1831 J. Sinclair Corr. II. 365 The chief furrows, which conduct the choaked-up water, are always laid out by the agriculturist himself.
1883 Macfadyen in Congregational Year Bk. 47 The furrow is uneven because an ox and an ass draw the plough.
b. transferred and figurative, esp. in allusion to the track of a vessel over the sea.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [noun] > furrow or wake made by ship
kerfc1422
wakea1547
furrow1814
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. vii. 3 Sowe thou not eueles in the foorewes of vnriȝtwisnesse.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms cxxviii[i]. 3 The plowers plowed vpon my backe, and made longe forowes.
1589 ‘Pasquill of England’ Returne of Pasquill sig. Cv God shall..punish euery forrow they haue plowed vpon his backe.
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xxii. sig. Cv When in thee times forrwes I behould. View more context for this quotation
1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision III. ii. 15 Marking well the furrow broad Before you in the wave.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Ulysses in Poems (new ed.) II. 90 Push off,..smite The sounding furrows.
1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid v, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 228 Each with her long keel ploughing in lengthened furrows the brine.
c. poetic. Used loosely for arable land, a piece of ploughed land, the cornfields.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [noun] > broken land > arable or ploughed land
earthlandeOE
falloweOE
acreOE
hide and gaine1347
furrowc1380
teamlanda1387
tilthc1460
arablec1475
tilling land1488
flat1513
plough-tilth1516
ploughland1530
tillage1543
plough-ground1551
teamware1567
ploughing ground1625
ploughing land1674
prairie-breaking1845
plough1859
α.
β. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 147 Barronis takis..All fruct that growis on the feure.c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 5593 Ac sone sterte he vp of þe forȝ.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iv. i. 135 You Sun-burn'd Sicklemen of August weary, Come hether from the furrow, and be merry. View more context for this quotation
1637 J. Milton Comus 11 What time the labour'd Oxe In his loose traces from the furrow came.
1735 W. Somervile Chace ii. 130 See how they thread The Brakes, and up yon Furrow drive along.
d. (In form fur.) A ploughing. Now only Scottish.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > ploughing > [noun]
eartheOE
earingOE
ploughing1374
fallowing1426
labouragec1475
ardagh1483
eara1500
fallowa1500
arder1581
waining1585
stitch1600
caruage1610
furrow1610
till1647
aration1663
bouting1733
breast-ploughing1754
prairie-breaking1845
sodbusting1965
1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia i. xi. 43 Their seuerall orders and seasons for fallowing, twifallowing, trifallowing and seed-furre.
1743 Sel. Trans. Soc. Improvers Knowl. Agric. Scotl. 21 It is advised to plow it with all convenient Haste, that so it may have got three Furs betwixt and the latter End of April or Beginning of May; the first to be cloven, the second a cross Fur, the third to be gathered.
2. In extended sense: a trench, drain; spec. (more particularly water-furrow n.), the depression lying between two ridges of cultivated land and serving for drainage.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > [noun] > ditch
dikec893
gripa1000
ditch1045
fosselOE
water-furrowlOE
sow1316
furrowc1330
rick1332
sewer1402
gripplec1440
soughc1440
grindle1463
sheugh1513
syre1513
rain?1523
trench1523
slough1532
drain1552
fowsie?1553
thorougha1555
rean1591
potting1592
trink1592
syver1606
graft1644
work1649
by-ditch1650
water fence1651
master drain1652
rode1662
pudge1671
gripe1673
sulcus1676
rhine1698
rilling1725
mine1743
foot trench1765
through1777
trench drain1779
trenchlet1782
sunk fence1786
float1790
foot drain1795
tail-drain1805
flow-dike1812
groopa1825
holla1825
thorough drain1824
yawner1832
acequia madre1835
drove1844
leader1844
furrow-drain1858
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 3460 Þe kniȝt fel ded in a forwe.
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 8184 He cleued thurch..king Beas doun in a furch.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 1 Kings xviii. 32 And he made a water cundid, as by two litil forwis in envyroun of the auter.
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. vi. 36 A forgh iij footes deep thy landes thorgh.
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iv. f. 121 Out of a fountaine water is somtime dronk..somtime by forrowes is conueied to the watering of groundes.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Porca in agro, a ridge, or a lande liynge betweene two furroes wheron the corne groweth.
1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husb. (1878) 39 Seed sowen, draw a forrough, the water to draine. [marg. Water furrough.]
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 71 Yf you wyll needes plant the same yeere,..let the furrowes be made at least two monethes before.
1611 Bible (King James) Ezek. xvii. 7 That hee might water it by the furrowes of her plantation. View more context for this quotation
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §600 Carrying it [Water] in some long Furrowes; And from those Furrowes, drawing it trauerse.
1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry 251 To lay such wet land up into Ridges, that the Water may run off into the Furrows.
1762 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. i. xix. 131 The soil..will not give it a passage into the furrows or drains.
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm I. 465 Heavy land is formed into narrow ridges, to allow the rain to flow quickly into the open furrows.
1884 Christian World 21 Feb. 134/3 Fortunately, our water furrow is a swift-flowing stream.
1895 R. H. Wallace Agriculture 206 Drainage systems may be put into three classes: (1) Deep, thorough, parallel, furrow, leading, closed, covered, or minor drainage [etc.].
1921 K. D. Doyle Agric. & Irrigation 25 In porous soils the furrows must be short.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of area > [noun] > a system or process of measuring land > square furlong > area a furlong long or wide
furrowc1300
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1094 Ne shulde he hauen of Engelond Onlepi forw in his hond.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xiii. 372 Þat a fote londe or a forwe fecchen I wolde.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 245 Til they have with a plough to broke A furgh of lond.
c1425 Wyntoun Cron. ix. v. 135 Ðat nowþir Fure na Fute of Land Wes at þaire Pes þan of Ingland.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 22 Off him I held neuir a fur off land.
4. Anything resembling a furrow.
a. generally, e.g. a rut or track, a groove, indentation, or depression narrow in proportion to its length.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > [noun] > making grooves > a groove, channel, or furrow
furrowc1374
groopc1440
regal1458
rat1513
slot?1523
gutter1555
chamfer1601
channel1611
fluting1611
furrowing1611
rita1657
denervation1657
rigol1658
groove1659
riggota1661
rake1672
stria1673
champer1713
cannelure1755
gully1803
channelure1823
flute1842
rill1855
droke1880
c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) v. metr. v. 132 Som of hem..drawen after hem a traas or a forwh I-kountynued.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix cxxix. 1382 Orbita is þe forow of a whele þat makeþ a deepe fore in þe wyndynge and tredynge aboute.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. xi. 32 Thair followis [the sterne] a streme of fire, or a lang fur.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 362 The first furrow of the mouth, I meane that which is next vnto the vpper foreteeth.
1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 4 There were several great and deep scratches, or furrows.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 416. ¶2 The different Furrows and Impressions of the Chissel.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 205 The middle waters..sink in a furrow.
1813 J. Thomson Lect. Inflammation 615 This ligature produced a slight furrow in the arm.
b. on the face: A deep wrinkle.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > textures or states of skin > [noun] > wrinkle
rimpleeOE
rivellingOE
rivelc1325
crow's footc1374
frounce1390
wrinklea1400
frumplec1440
freckle1519
line1538
lirkc1540
shrivel1547
plait1574
furrow1589
trench1594
crowfoot1614
seam1765
thought-line1858
laughter line1867
laugh line1913
smile-line1921
worry lines1972
1589 R. Greene Ciceronis Amor 70 If it [my brow] once proue full of angrie forrowes.
1609 T. Dekker Guls Horne-bk. sig. B4 Now those furrowes are fild vp with Ceruse and Vermilion.
1797 A. Radcliffe Italian I. vi. 153 Habitual discontent had fixed the furrows of their cheeks.
1859 A. Helps Friends in Council New Ser. II. iv. 86 They make..furrows in the cheeks of the sufferers.
c. Milling. One of the grooves in the face of a millstone. furrow and land (see quot. 1880).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > milling or grinding > [noun] > corn-mill > millstone > furrow in
furrow1825
swallow1880
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 144 When the furrows become blunt and shallow by wearing, the running stone must be taken up, and both stones new dressed with a chisel and hammer.
1870 Eng. Mech. 28 Jan. 485/2 Cutting all the short furrows into the master furrow.
1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down Furrow and Land, the hollows and heights on the surface of a mill-stone.
d. Anatomy, Zoology, etc. (= Latin sulcus).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > part of body > [noun] > groove or furrow in body, organ, or tissue
furrow1819
the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > indentation or cavity > [noun] > groove or furrow
gutter1553
scissure1607
rut1615
fissure1656
sulcus1744
groove1789
canaliculation1797
fossule1803
fossula1811
furrow1819
sulcation1852
sulculus1859
vallecula1859
1819 S. Cooper First Lines Pract. Surg. (ed. 4) I. ii. i. 401 The lateral sinuses..occupying the deep transverse furrows, in the middle of the inner surface of the os occipitis.
1831 H. T. De la Beche Geol. Man. vi. 319 Whorls..divided by eight or ten furrows into as many imbricating joints.
1833 H. Ellis Elgin Marbles II. ii. 26 A furrow which forms the line of contact with the forehead.
1868 C. Darwin Variation Animals & Plants I. v. 140 The external orifice or furrow of the nostrils was also twice as long.
1874 J. Lubbock Orig. & Metamorphoses Insects iii. 45 The median furrow easily discerned.
1879 H. Calderwood Relations Mind & Brain ii. 12 The soft mass [of the brain] being arranged alternately in ridges, and in grooves or furrows.
e. Botany.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > part defined by form or function > ridge channel > [noun]
wrinkle1545
crest1597
ruga1683
tubea1704
furrow1725
flute1728
stria1731
rib1740
carina1774
striolet1826
vallecula1856
channel1875
carination1880
rumination1889
striola1903
riblet1949
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique Furrow, among Botanists..signifies a Ridge or Swelling on the Sides either of a Tree, Stalk, or Fruit.
1776 W. Withering Brit. Plants (1796) I. 151 Seed single..marked with a furrow lengthways.
1862 C. Darwin On Var. Contrivances Orchids Fertilised iii. 118 If the furrow he touched very gently by a needle..it instantly splits along its whole length.
1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 396 The arrangement of..projecting longitudinal ridges, and depressions or furrows, is exactly repeated.
Compounds
C1. General attributive.
a.
furrow-water n.
ΚΠ
1679 J. Dryden Troilus & Cressida ii. iii. 21 Furrow water Is all the wine we taste.
b.
furrow-cloven adj.
ΚΠ
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess vii. 152 The firths of ice, That huddling slant in furrow-cloven falls.
C2. † furrow-face n. Obsolete one who has a wrinkled face.
furrow-board n. = mould-board n.2
ΚΠ
1652 W. Blith Eng. Improver Improved xxviii. 189 The Shield-board, some call Breast-board, or Earth-board, or Furrow-board.
furrow-drain n. (see quot.), hence furrow-drain v.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > [noun] > ditch
dikec893
gripa1000
ditch1045
fosselOE
water-furrowlOE
sow1316
furrowc1330
rick1332
sewer1402
gripplec1440
soughc1440
grindle1463
sheugh1513
syre1513
rain?1523
trench1523
slough1532
drain1552
fowsie?1553
thorougha1555
rean1591
potting1592
trink1592
syver1606
graft1644
work1649
by-ditch1650
water fence1651
master drain1652
rode1662
pudge1671
gripe1673
sulcus1676
rhine1698
rilling1725
mine1743
foot trench1765
through1777
trench drain1779
trenchlet1782
sunk fence1786
float1790
foot drain1795
tail-drain1805
flow-dike1812
groopa1825
holla1825
thorough drain1824
yawner1832
acequia madre1835
drove1844
leader1844
furrow-drain1858
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Furrow-drain, a deep open channel made by a plough to carry off water.
furrow-draining n.
ΚΠ
1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. iii. i. 559 The newly imported practice of furrow draining [1847 furrow-draining], has been the greatest of the recent improvements made in Scotch agriculture.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > textures or states of skin > [noun] > wrinkle > person having
furrow-face1621
1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. iii. iv. 130 Pale, and leane, furrow-faces.
furrow-faced adj. having furrows or wrinkles on the face or forehead.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > textures or states of skin > [adjective] > wrinkle
rivelledlOE
frounced1422
rivelling1481
wrinkleda1529
rideled1530
writhled1565
rugged1590
furrow-faced1607
shrivelled1607
corrugated1623
furrow-fronted1640
seamed1656
pursed1676
corrugate1745
crow's-footed1831
crow-footed1834
lined1839
crowed1851
wrinkled1859
1607 B. Jonson Volpone i. i. sig. Bv I..expose no shipps To threatnings of the furrow-faced sea. View more context for this quotation
furrow-fronted adj. = furrow-faced adj.
ΚΠ
1640 T. Rawlins Rebellion ii. i. sig. E2 The furrowfronted Fates have made an Anvill To forge diseases on.
furrow-side n. (dialectfur-side) the side of the plough towards the furrows already made.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > side of plough
furrow-side1762
landside1762
1762 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. ii. vii. 192 This lessens the resistance from the furrow-side.
1762 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. ii. xi. 211 If the beam points to the fur-side, the plough will have too much land; and if it points to the land-side, the plough will have too little land.
furrow-slice n. the slice of earth turned up by the mould-board of the plough.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > ploughing > [noun] > slice turned by plough
plit1778
flag1787
furrow-slice1807
shot1843
1807 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. (new ed.) I. 5 The perfect turning over of the furrow-slice.
1862 J. Wilson Farming 206 In ploughing for a seed-bed the furrow-slice is usually cut about 5 inches deep.
furrow-weed n. a weed that grows on the ‘furrow’ or ploughed land.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > valued plants and weeds > [noun] > weed > tare(s)
zizanya1400
taresa1425
titter1573
furrow-weed1608
zizania1756
walder1764
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xviii. 3 He was met euen now, As mad as the vent sea singing aloud, Crownd with ranke femiter and furrow weedes.
Derivatives
furrow-like adj.
ΚΠ
1879 A. R. Wallace Australasia xi. 225 The loose surface..sometimes forming hilly undulations, at others furrow-like ripples.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
furrowv.
/ˈfʌrəʊ/, U.S. /ˈfəroʊ/ 1. figurative.1847 G. P. R. James Convict v Heaven..furrows the heart with griefs to produce a rich crop of joys hereafter.
a. transitive. To make furrows in (earth) with a plough; to plough.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > ploughing > plough (land) [verb (transitive)]
eareOE
till1377
plough1423
break1499
sheugh1513
ayrec1540
to break up1557
furrow1576
spit1648
whelm1652
manage1655
hack1732
thorough1733
to plough in1764
rout1836
1576 A. Fleming tr. Erasmus in Panoplie Epist. 354 They [oxen] drawe the plough, they furrowe the soyle.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 61 They furrow the erth like a draught of oxen with a plow.
1894 T. Roosevelt in Forum (U.S.) Apr. 202 Fields already fifty times furrowed by the German ploughs.
b. transferred. To make a track or tracks in (water); to cleave; to plough.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (transitive)] > sail or cleave the water or sea
rideOE
furrowc1425
sheugh1513
sulcate1577
sulk1579
busk1747
navigate1795
valleya1849
c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 43 Certeyne shypmen at sandwyche, glad and mery with a prosperous cowrse forowid the dowtable see.
a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) ii. sig. Diiv Long to furrow large space of stormy seas.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 50 With woodden vessel thee rough seas deepelye we furrowe.
1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 39 Prince Meleneone furrowed the surging waves.
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. i. §10 They pass down the strong current of Time with the same facility that a well built ship..doth furrow the Ocean.
1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iv. xiii. 145 Now launch'd once more, the inland sea They furrow with fair augury.
1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. iii. 44 The whole sea was in places furrowed by them [sc. porpoises].
1876 R. F. Burton Two Trips Gorilla Land I. 171 We..saw sundry shoals of fish furrowing the water.
2.
a. To make furrow-like depressions, indentations, or channels in. Also with up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > form a recess in [verb (transitive)] > form (a groove) > make grooves in
gutter1387
groop1412
channel?1440
chamfer1565
flute1578
plough1594
seam1596
entrench1607
furrow1609
trench1624
groove1686
striate1709
quirk1797
stripe1842
engroove1880
1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xxix. i. 354 When..they began to..varie in their words, after their sides were throughly furrowed [L. fodicatis].
1693 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. viii. 41 Furrowed from Pole to Pole with the Deep Channel of the Sea.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 115 The chapt Earth is furrow'd o're with Chinks. View more context for this quotation
1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. vii. 83 They furrow'd their bodies with sharp stones.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VII. 328 After furrowing up the sand, it hides itself under it, horns and all.
1834 J. Forbes tr. R. T. H. Laennec Treat. Dis. Chest (ed. 4) 287 A hard and irregular surface, furrowed by linear marks.
1863 S. Baring-Gould Iceland 116 Then [the wind] rolls onward to furrow the snows on Eiriks Jokull.
1879 R. Browning Ivan Ivanovitch in Idyls I. 225 O God, the feel of the fang furrowing my shoulder! see! It grinds—it grates the bone.
b. To make wrinkles in.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > textures or states of skin > [verb (transitive)] > wrinkle
frounce1390
shrinka1398
rivel1543
irrugate1566
wrinkle1566
plough1590
wrinklec1590
furrow1597
purse1598
ruge1615
trench1624
lirkc1686
seam1695
line1819
wrink1821
engrain1862
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iii. 222 Thou canst helpe time to furrow me with age. View more context for this quotation
1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. xiii. sig. K2v Another liues hardly heere, with a heauy heart, furrowing of a mournfull face.
1661 Sir A. Haslerig's Last Will & Test. Supp. 6 The inraged Tygre..furrowed his Front.
1729 T. Cooke Tales 595 Sev'nty years have furrow'd o'er her Face.
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Leila i. v. 37 The lordly features..furrowed by petty cares.
1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. i. 5 Their brows seem furrowed deep with more than years.
c. figurative. Said of the action of tears.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > weeping > weep for [verb (transitive)] > wet or furrow with tears
wetc825
watera1225
furrow?1529
?1529 R. Hyrde tr. J. L. Vives Instr. Christen Woman i. ix. sig. I.ij Howe can she weep for her sinne, yt muste bare her skynne there with, and forowe her face?
a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 184 We may furrow our cheekes with our teares.
1816 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto III xx. 13 Fair cheeks were furrowed with hot tears.
1871 J. R. Macduff Memories of Patmos ix. 113 The Apostle..with a tear..furrowing his cheek.
d. To gather up in folds or wrinkles. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > corrugate [verb (transitive)] > wrinkle or crease
frounce1390
frumple1398
crunklec1400
plighta1425
crinklec1430
crimple1440
rimple1440
rivel1543
wrinkle1543
crease1588
shrivel1609
befrumple1611
frowze1611
wrimple1611
pucker1616
furl1689
ruck1706
runkle1720
crink1821
furrow1853
crumple1858
ruckle1866
bumfle1911
1853 J. D. H. Dale tr. G. Baldeschi Ceremonial Rom. Rite 66 (note) Cotta, the short surplice worn in Rome..is usually furrowed up in a full and tasteful manner.
3.
a. intransitive. To make furrows or grooves; to make wrinkles.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > cleave the surface of water
furrow1576
plougha1658
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > ploughing > plough (of person) [verb (intransitive)] > plough in ridges
furrow1576
1576 A. Fleming tr. Erasmus in Panoplie Epist. 356 Let us catche the ploughe by the handle, and fall to furrowing.
a1577 G. Gascoigne Hundred Flowers in Wks. (1587) 45 We furrowing in the foaming flouds to take our best availes.
1863 J. L. W. By-gone Days 2 Where the ploughshare furrows in spring.
b. quasi-transitive, as in to furrow (out, up) one's way. Of a river: to excavate (a channel), to force itself along a channel.
ΚΠ
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 820 Maragnon is far greater, whose waters having furrowed a Channell of six thousand miles, in the length of his winding passage [etc.].
a1639 Wotton Ps. civ, in E. Farr Sel. Poetry Reign James I (1848) 248 There go the ships, that furrow out their way.
a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) iv. iii. 241 Let thy choler furrow up and make a way to that Island whereto none can arrive.
1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. v. 492 And I have pass'd, Furrowing my way.
1883 F. M. Crawford Dr. Claudius vi The circular wrinkle slowly furrowed its way round Barker's mouth.
1890 H. M. Stanley In Darkest Afr. II. xxviii. 259 The Rami-lulu had eventually furrowed and grooved itself deeply through.
Derivatives
ˈfurrowing n. and adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > [noun] > making grooves > a groove, channel, or furrow
furrowc1374
groopc1440
regal1458
rat1513
slot?1523
gutter1555
chamfer1601
channel1611
fluting1611
furrowing1611
rita1657
denervation1657
rigol1658
groove1659
riggota1661
rake1672
stria1673
champer1713
cannelure1755
gully1803
channelure1823
flute1842
rill1855
droke1880
the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > [adjective] > of or relating to a groove > making grooves
furrowing1611
troughing1897
the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > [noun] > making grooves
sulcation1658
fluting1728
grooving1728
scoring1769
scrieving1828
graving1877
furrowing1891
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Canelure, a channelling, or furrowing in stone, or in timber; a fluting.
1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion i. 3 Vpon the vtmost end of Cornwalls furrowing beake.
1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xviii. 285 She learn'd..To steele the coulters edge, and sharpe the furrowing share.
1891 Athenæum 17 Oct. 523/1 The greater number of them have been crushed and broken by the deep furrowing of the steam cultivator.
ˈfurrower n. one who or that which furrows.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > share-beam
reesteOE
share beamOE
throckOE
chipOE
plough-heada1325
plough-reesta1325
plough chip1652
plough throck1652
chep1677
share head1776
furrower1841
1841 C. Anthon Classical Dict. 380 Gyes (the part of the plough to which the share is fixed) is the Furrower.
Draft additions 1993
4. intransitive. Esp. of the brow: to become furrowed; to wrinkle, crease.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > forehead > [verb (intransitive)] > contract or relax
frownc1386
frounce1532
to knit, bend one's brows1600
gather1816
knit1816
furrow1937
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > become corrugated [verb (intransitive)] > become wrinkled
rivelOE
snurpc1300
runklea1425
crumple?c1450
wrinkle1528
purse1597
pucker1598
crinklea1600
crimple1600
rumple1622
ruckle1695
ruck1758
crunkle1825
pocket1873
crease1876
full1889
concertina1918
furrow1961
1937 W. Lewis Revenge for Love vii. iii. 356 Victor's brow furrowed, like the surfaces of a lake attacked by a thundersquall.
1961 Mosquito Squadron (Battle Picture Libr. No. 826) (1974) ii. 31 The doomed machine bounced once and crunched down. The earth furrowed savagely as the Mosquito ploughed on in a frightful ground-spin.
1978 C. Rayner Long Acre xii. 122 Charles's brow furrowed as he stood up and politely obeyed his host.
1983 S. Naipaul Hot Country ii. 19 He spoke to himself rather than to her, his forehead furrowing.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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