gangingn.1
/ˈɡaŋɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈɡæŋɪŋ/, Scottish English /ˈɡaŋɪŋ/, /ˈɡaŋɪn/ Chiefly Scottish. Now rare.† 2. The ability to walk. Obsolete.
1. The action of gang v.1; going, walking; manner of walking, gait. Also: operation (of a mill).In quots. c1350, a1500: a step.
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c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) cxxxix. 5 (MED) Vnriȝtful men..þouȝten to supplaunten my ganginges [L. gressus meos].
1464 Extracts Rec. in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 150 In tym of gangyng to the kyrk or another neidful erand.
1497 in G. Neilson & H. Paton Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1918) II. 77 The away letting of the watter of the sade dam and stopping of the ganging of the sade..myln.
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xxxvi. 33 (MED) His gangyngis sall not be supplantid.
a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome (1926) I. 163 His luking, his ganging, and all his havingis ware mare plesand than ony man can tell.
1548 Aberdeen Reg. V. in J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. (at cited word) The bailye continevit the ganging of the actioun.
?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. 356 What fruite come of his ganging thair?
1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 33 Gin ganging winna do't piece I sud creep.
1830 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor in Waverley Novels XIV. x. 129 I was feared they might burst in the ganging aff.
1879 Mrs. F. Cameron Auld Hoose xix. 131 And then wi' the gangin' to Edinbro' tae get the siller frae the bank tae fetch me here.
1898 J. M. Henderson Chron. Kartdale 79 But neither will the gangin' to college prevent a man frae bein' an authority on the needcessities o' a sound morality.
1931 Manson's Shetland Almanac 185 Dey wir been hale fower weddin's i' da place, an' my shanks..wisna free o' complainin' a grain wi' sae muckle gengin' an' dancin'.
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the world > movement > progressive motion > walking > [noun] > power of
gangOE
goinga1387
foota1400
ganginga1400
walks1593
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12260 (MED) A commament nu mak i here..at þai sight haf þat ar blind..And ganging þat ar lame o fote.
3. The action or an act of walking in procession on a Gang Day (Gang Day n.). Also with †about. Now historical.
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society > faith > worship > other practices > [noun] > procession
precessiona1400
ganging1540
procession1544
processioning1593
perahera1681
processional1820
recession1868
1540 R. Taverner Epist. & Gospelles Easter tyll Aduent f. xxxijv I wyll not speake of the rage and furour of these vplandysh processions and gangynges about, whych be spente in ryottynge and in bely chere.
1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. xii. 293 At the whiche time [sc. Ascensiontide] there be made ganginges with the lesse Letanies from one Churche to another, all Christendome ouer.
1656 T. Blount Glossographia at Rogation week In the North of England it is called Gang week from the Ganging, or going on procession [etc.].
1852 D. Rock Church our Fathers III. ix. 222 Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday in Ascension-week were called gang-days, from the custom of ganging, or walking in religious procession.
1950 T. H. Gaster Thespis ii. 320 In England, the rogation days were popularly known as gang-days, from the custom of ganging, i.e. going in procession.
Compounds
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1507 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1901) III. 251 For iij elne blak gray, to be ane patroun for ane Almane ganging cote.
?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. 372 His sarkis, his schone, his ganging gowne.
C2. † ganging staff n. Obsolete a walking stick.
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1595 A. Duncan Appendix Etymologiae: Index in Latinae Grammaticae Scipio, a ganging staff.
1628 in P. H. Brown Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1900) 2nd Ser. II. 429 He..tooke his ganging staulffe frome him and brake the same.
C3. With following adverb.† ganging to n. Obsolete the setting of the sun; (also) the close or end.
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1400 in W. Fraser Melvilles & Leslies (1890) III. 16 Betwixt the sune rysing and the ganging too of that ilk.
1546 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 230 And finaly to gif furth thair decreit and ordinance thairin till that same day or the sone ganging to.
1588 in J. D. Marwick Rec. Convent. Royal Burghs Scotl. (1870) I. 275 They sall conuene in the Over Tolbuith..be sax houris in the morning, and remane thairin to the ganging to of the said preching.
1607 in H. Paton Dundonald Parish Rec. (1936) 153 Johne Fullartoun..accused of wiolating of the Saboth by seting ingill to the kill..confessit he did swa at geanging to of day licht.
ganging on n. a proceeding, a practice; (usually in plural as gangings-on) goings-on.
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1826 ‘M. Dods’ Cook & Housewife's Man. v. 65 Cauld, comfortless, wasterfu', gude for naething gangings on for man, wife, and wean.
1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 67 ‘What kin o' gangings on has there been?’ what kind of doings. ‘A bonny ganging on’, fine to do.
1906 B. Stoker Personal Reminisc. Henry Irving I. xxxix. 347 The fac' is we don't leik the gangin's on at the Caastle.
2002 C. J. Miller Lawyer's Tale 177 The camera's there to keep an eye on the gannins on in the room, nowt else.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
gangingn.2
/ˈɡaŋɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈɡæŋɪŋ/ 1. The combining of workers into gangs or companies. In later use frequently attributive, in ganging system. Cf. gang v.2 3. Now historical.
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society > occupation and work > business affairs > management methods or systems > [noun] > organizing people into working unit
ganging1843
man-management1921
1843 Rep. Special Assistant Poor Law Commissioners on Employm. Women & Children in Agric. 225 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 510) XII. 1 Owing to ganging, 70 out of 100 girls are very imprudent.
1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 13 May 2 The corrupting influences of ‘ganging’ are naturally worse where boys and girls are employed together.
1886 Good Words 27 42 If some other system could be devised, which should supersede ganging.
1910 Minutes Evid. Rep. Royal Comm. Poor Laws 129/2 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 5066) XLVIII. 1 The general result of experience is that not only is ganging much easier, but the men do much more work if they get task work.
1936 Rep. Comm. on Farm Workers Scotl. in Parl. Papers (Cmd.5217) VII. 402 In potato and beet lifting there has been an extension of the ‘ganging’ system.
2000 W. A. Campbell in C. A. Russell Chem., Society & Environment iv. 86 In Lancashire the ganging system prevailed. A gaffer would negotiate a price with the firm and would provide and pay his own men, thus acting as a sub-contractor.
2. The linking or arranging of a number of things of the same type together; the result of this; (also) the operation of several devices, parts, etc., simultaneously. Cf. gang v.2 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > fact or action of being connected or connecting > [noun] > fact or action of being linked or linking
linking1545
interlinking1587
concatenation1603
enchainment1750
linkage1874
enlinkment1881
incatenation1885
ganging1887
interlinkage1904
1887 G. B. Goode Fisheries & Fish Industries U.S. 175 The share of each man in the ganging of hooks was 750 hooks.
1908 Amer. Machinist 24 Sept. 451 The ganging of right- and left-hand pieces in the same fixture.
1922 Golfers Mag. Apr. 2 The ganging of roller type mowers.
1962 Contract Jan. 22/2 The ganging of several chairs and tables on one frame.
1988 A. R. Burks & A. W. Burks First Electronic Computer (1989) 211 Atanasoff was busy..considering..the ganging of desk calculators.
2010 S. Susanka More not so Big Solutions for Home 61/2 The ganging of windows to create bands of long horizontal views.
3. The action of forming or joining a group or gang, esp. in order to oppose or attack someone or something; also with together, up. Also: spec. participation in a street gang. Cf. gang v.2 2.
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society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > [noun] > action of
fasteningOE
confederationc1425
confedering1530
banding1593
bandying1599
coalescence1609
associating1644
concorporating1648
federation1652
confederating1687
fraternizing1793
colleaguing1817
leaguing1841
ganging1891
gang-up1936
gang-banging1966
1891 Chinese Times 7 Mar. 157/1 A new phase is introduced by the ganging of women and storming by them of a station.
1927 F. M. Thrasher Gang iv. xix. 369 The period of adolescence, which is particularly given to ganging, is one of plasticity and habit forming.
1961 World Today Mar. 128 Various differences between certain groups which..may give rise to mis-understanding, jealousy, or ‘ganging together’.
1977 M. Torres in R. P. Rettig et al. Manny i. 23/1 Her parents didn't approve of ganging and didn't like for Ricky to see a gang person.
1991 World Press Rev. Oct. 6/2 The ganging up on Israel is not an obstacle to the speedy release of the remaining hostages.
2012 W. G. Jennings & J. M. Miller in E. L. Grigorenko Handbk. Juvenile Forensic Psychol. xxxvi. 572 Ganging was similarly treated as a vehicle by which sociopaths vented hostility and anger.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
gangingn.3
/ˈɡandʒɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈɡændʒɪŋ/ Angling.† 2. The action of gange v. Obsolete.
1. A small strong cotton fishing line connecting the main line to the hook. Cf. snell n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > fishing-line > [noun] > length attaching hook in angling > in sea-fishing
snoodc1682
snooding1815
ganging1845
ganging line1875
1845 Spirit of Times 8 Mar. 14/2 No time should be lost in supplying it with hooks, ganging, gut, lines,..etc.
1854 J. S. Sleeper Salt Water Bubbles xxv. 363 I thrust a fish-hook into each of his jowls, just forward of his eyes, and held hard on the ganging!
1919 Boys' Life Dec. 9/3 He began pulling up the trawl and dragging himself along. Each ganging, as he counted, meant five feet further to the west.
1949 J. C. Davis Calif. Salt Water Fishing vii. 179 You will tie the end of your cod line to one end of the ganging and fasten a heavy sinker to the other.
2008 Environmental Hist. 13 76 A ganging (gan-jing) every fifteen to twenty-five feet held one baited hook.
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1887 J. W. Collins Rep. Discov. & Investig. Fishing Grounds in Rep. U.S. Commissioner Fish & Fisheries for 1885 II. App. B. xiv. 268 To one end is attached a small kirby-bend hook.., the method of ganging being simply one or two clove-hitches taken with the end of the line around the shank of the hook.
Compounds
ganging line n. = sense 1.
ΚΠ
1875 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 6 Apr. 854/3 The combination of the ganging line ring, В with the swivel C, provided with the elastic arms c cand catch-tongue a, arranged as set forth.
1922 Pract. Druggist Mar. 26/1 The bait causes the ganging lines to float about two feet from the bottom.
1995 J. E. Garland Gloucester on Wind (2001) 39 (caption) Each coil or ‘skate’ of heavy cotton trawl line ran about 1,700 feet, with 300 hooks on 3- or 4- foot, lighter ‘ganging’ lines tied on every 5 or 6 feet.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
gangingadj.
/ˈɡaŋɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈɡæŋɪŋ/, Scottish English /ˈɡaŋɪŋ/, /ˈɡaŋɪn/ Now archaic and rare. In later use chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern).
1. That goes, walks, or moves.With quot. OE1 cf. etymological note.In quot. 1919 with allusion to the proverb a ganging foot is aye getting at foot n. and int. Phrases 6.
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society > travel > aspects of travel > going on foot > [adjective] > going on foot
gangingOE
pedestrial1606
pedantical1622
foot-faring1625
pedestrious1646
pedestrianizing1800
pedestrian1829
footback1863
foot-slogging1898
OE Genesis A (1931) 2720 Sealde him to bote, þæs þe he his bryd genam, gangende feoh and glæd seolfor and weorc feos [read weorcþeos].
OE Ælfric Old Test. Summary: Maccabees (Julius) in W. W. Skeat Ælfric's Lives of Saints (1900) II. 102 Eupator..sende hundteontig þusenda gangendra manna [L. peditum], and twentig þusenda gehorsedra manna.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 401 Al gangand best þe sext day, And adam bath he wroght on clai.
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) vii. l. 1257 Kynge Dawy Had gottyn..A son, þat was a gangande childe.
a1525 Bk. Chess l. 180 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I A gangand travalour..gois nocht allanerly to go.
1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes II. vii. v. 1034 (margin) Rogation, or ganging Procession.
a1774 R. Fergusson Poems (1905) 70 A gangin' point composed a line.
1919 C. Murray in Aberdeen Univ. Rev. Nov. 26 An open lug, a gangin' fit, Altho' they've never filled my kist, Hae brocht me wisdom whiles an' wit Worth mair than a' the siller miss't.
2015 P. Cameron in Lallans 86 39 Your gangin fuit upo the stair.
2. That is in operation or in (good) working order.In later use only in ganging mill, esp. in the language of ballads or with reference to the ballad cited in quot. 1724.
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1523 in R. Renwick Extracts Rec. Stirling (1887) I. 18 Ane gangand quheil.
1574 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1814) III. 93/1 Of euery gangand [salt-]pan thre bollis to be deliuerit oulk[l]ie.
1630 Brechin Test. IV. f. 393, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Gangand Ane auld hors & ane gangin cart.
1713 in R. Renwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1908) IV. 512 To leave the same at the ish and expiration of the said tack in a good and ganging order.
1724 Johnie Armstrang in A. Ramsay Ever Green II. 192 Gude Four and twenty ganging Mills That gang throw a the Zeir.
1885 C. Elphinstone-Dalrymple Lays, Highland & Lowland 15 There's fat corn-yards an' gangin' mills At the back o' Benachie.
1917 G. H. Stempel Bk. of Ballads 268 In this version Johnie does not fight, but offers the king successively twenty-four milk-white steeds, twenty-four ganging mills, and twenty-four sisters' sons, if the king will spare him.
Compounds
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1512 in J. Robertson Illustr. Topogr. & Antiq. Aberdeen & Banff (1857) III. 109 The said..myllar sall mak and wphald..all uther graith and gangand geir.
1580 in T. Thomson Coll. Inventories Royal Wardrobe (1815) 302 Ane man myln with all hir ganging geir.
1628 in Proc. Soc. Antiquaries Scotl. (1888–9) 23 266 Fyve cairtis and waines and thrie plewis with thair ganging geir.
1685 Brechin Test. VII. f. 130, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) Two old horse with thair gainging gear.
1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Ganging gear, the machinery of a mill.
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1485 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1869) I. 51 All sufficient gangand graith that efferis to the mylnis.
1593 in M. Wood & R. K. Hannay Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1927) V. 102 The said mylnis is becum falteis in the ganging grayth and uther necessars.
1782 J. Callander in Two Anc. Sc. Poems 152 In Scot. the immoveable wood of a mill is called the lying graith, in opposition to the moving part, which we call ganging graith.
1818 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (at cited word) Gangin graith, the furniture of a mill which a tenant is bound to uphold.
1894 P. H. Hunter James Inwick (1896) xvii. 154 I'm gaun to mak ye a present o' the mill..stanes, hopper, an' wheel, stan'in graith an' gangin graith.
ganging plea n. a lawsuit continuing indefinitely.
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society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [noun] > a lawsuit > a protracted suit
circuit of actiona1626
circuity1641
ganging plea1816
1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. ii. 23 A ganging plea that my father left me, and his father afore left to him.
1896 ‘I. Maclaren’ Kate Carnegie (ed. 2) ix. 118 A Scot dearly loves a ‘ganging plea’.
1933 E. S. Haldane Scotl. of our Fathers 43 The Scot is by nature litigious..and if there is any occasion for a ‘ganging plea’ he is too ready to take advantage of it.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1c1350
n.21843n.31845adj.OE