gardeningn.

Brit.

/ˈɡɑːdnɪŋ/,

/ˈɡɑːdn̩ɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈɡɑrd(ə)nɪŋ/

Forms: late Middle English gardenyng, 1500s gardining, 1500s gardnyng, 1500s– gardening, 1600s gardning, 1700s gard'ning.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: garden n., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: Partly < garden n. + -ing suffix¹, and partly (in later use) < garden v. + -ing suffix¹.

1. The action or practice of cultivating or laying out a garden, esp. (in later use) as a hobby; horticulture. Formerly also: †an act of cultivating a garden (obsolete). Cf. garden v. 1.In quot. a1577 figurative.allotment, kitchen, landscape, window gardening, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > [noun]

gardening1481

gardenage1601

horticulture1678

gardenership1711

garden craft1833

1481 tr. Cicero De Senectute (Caxton) sig. f3^v His manoirs & lordships to be wele approwed by plantyng fruytes tyllyng eryng, sowyng, & gardenyng. [No corresponding phrase in the French original.]

?1558 T. Hill (title) A most briefe and pleasaunte treatise, teachyng how to..set a garden..gathered oute of the principallest Aucthors which haue written of gardening.

a1577 G. Gascoigne Posies in Wks. (1587) 160 Gascoigns gardenings wherof were written in one end of a close walke which he hath in his garden this discourse following.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 53^v In these partes they commonly begyn theyr gardnyng..in the ende of Februarie.

1635 Relation of Maryland vii. 47 Beside all their other labours in building, fencing, clearing of ground, raising of Cattell, gardening, &c.

1665 R. Boyle Disc. iv. iii, in Occas. Refl. sig. E7 A Stranger to the Art of Gardening.

1726 W. R. Chetwood Voy. & Adventures Capt. R. Boyle 28 Gardening was what I always took delight in.

1780 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting (ed. 2) IV. vii. 117 Gardening was probably one of the first arts that succeeded to that of building houses.

1841 J. W. Loudon Ladies' Compan. to Flower Garden 206/1 Peat earth..is used in gardening for the growth of large American plants, such as Rhododendrons, &c.

1877 ‘Mrs. Forrester’ Mignon I. iv. 64 My nephew has done the gardening single-handed the last five years.

1948 M. Bonham Casino viii. 70 Bridge and gardening are your pleasures, and nobody interferes with them.

1974 New Scientist 8 Aug. 339/1 You spend an hour thinking while you're doing the gardening.

2005 Guardian 19 Mar. (Weekend Suppl.) 7/1 A long stretch of dark days and prohibitively cold temperatures have allowed me to avoid..any sort of gardening.

2. Grounds laid out or cultivated as gardens. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > [noun]

leightonc950

orchardOE

garden1279

yard1390

vergera1400

smelling cheat1567

garden ground1577

gardenage1600

smeller1610

viridary1657

viridariumc1660

gardening1682

greenery1783

1682 London Mercury 20 Apr. 2/2 A House fit for a Person of Quality,..having good Coach-House, Stabling, Gardening, &c.

1687 London Gaz. No. 2284/4 At Worksop..is a large New House to be Lett, with good Cellaridge, Stabling, Gardning, and Land belonging to it.

1758 ‘Mrs. Richwould’ South Sea Fortune II. xvii. 267 The whole [land] that accompanied the seat being only about seven acres of orchard and gardening.

1786 Morning Post 15 Mar. (advt.) A neat House, with convenient Offices, Coach House, Stabling, Gardening, &c.

1871 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 14 Apr. 453/2 Pretty as the gardening around the memorial promises to be, it appears as if each front should have an approach to it.

1990 W. van Vliet & J. van Weesep Govt. & Housing viii. 145 The index is based on five aspects of the semipublic property: lobby, staircase, mailboxes, courtyard, and gardening.

3. Cricket. colloquial. The action of a batter in repairing unevenness in the pitch, esp. by clearing loose grass or flattening the ground with the end of the bat. Cf. garden v. 4.Sometimes used as a tactic to delay play or waste time.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > [noun] > other batting actions

backing-up1816

slip1833

wrist-play1851

leg before1867

follow-through1891

gardening1897

wrist-work1898

whip1903

back-lift1912

1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 226/2 Fragments of grass and turf should be removed... The process of clearing the ground of débris is known to cricketers as ‘gardening’.

1957 A. Ross Cape Summer & Australians in Eng. i. iv. 78 Lock and Laker made a sizeable hole in the pitch and gardening took up quite as much time as batting.

2005 R. Benaud My Spin on Cricket xvii. 248 I was engaged in some prudent ‘gardening’ against ‘Lockie’, patting down the pitch, sometimes not quite ready to face up.

4. R.A.F. slang. In the Second World War (1939–45): the operation of aerial minelaying over enemy seas and coastal areas. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1943 G. E. Wilson Aircraft Identification for Fighting Airmen 120 This aircraft..has also been used a great deal for mine-laying or ‘gardening’ as the RAF call it.

1987 C. Carrington Soldier at Bomber Command ix. 73 Mine-laying..was called gardening, with a vegetable name for each minefield.

1994 B. Greenhous et al. Crucible of War 1939–45 iv. xxi. 789 High-level minelaying using H2S required a commitment of heavy bombers to Gardening.

2009 Times (Nexis) 24 Sept. 67 ‘Gardening’, as minelaying was codenamed, was one of the most useful deployments of the bomber force then available.

5. Astronomy. The disturbance and mixing of the surface material of the moon or other celestial object by the impact of micrometeorites.In quot. 1965¹ showing an equivalent use of garden v.

ΚΠ

1965 H. C. Urey in R. L. Heacock et al. Ranger VII, Part II. Experimenters' Anal. & Interpr. (Jet Propulsion Lab. Tech. Rep. No. 32-700) v. 136/1 The bombardment of the surface should have produced small craters and destroyed them many times during lunar history. The surface of the maria must have been ‘gardened’, let us say, to a considerable depth.]

1965 H. E. Newell in 1966 NASA Authorization: Hearings before Subcomm. Space Sci. of Comm. on Sci. & Astronautics (U.S. House of Representatives, 89th Congr., 1st Sess.) No. 2 iii. 45 When you get down to about 300 meters or so crater width, the gardening of the surface is such that the craters you see tend to be relatively new.

1969 Washington Post 21 July a1 The constant ‘gardening’ by meteorite bombardment over the ages.

1978 Sci. Amer. Mar. 84/3 As a result the Martian surface is not subjected to the repetitive high-velocity impact of small objects and the consequent ‘gardening’ of the top few meters of the surface.

1991 S. F. Mason Chem. Evol. ix. 110 The lunar crater Giordano Bruno has a very sharp crater rim which has not been rounded off, like other lunar craters, by the ‘gardening’ process of small bolide impacts.

2006 H. Schmitt Return to Moon vi. 82 Gardening reaches a depth of about 1 cm in about one million years.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

a. In sense 1, as gardening book, gardening class, gardening gloves, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > [adjective]

gardening1577

horticultural1778

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 53^v Some deuide their gardnyng time [L. operas hortenses] by the monethes.

1587 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 157 Twelve gardining shoviles 12s.

1636 P. Heylyn Hist. Sabbath ii. v. 144 Carriage of gardening ware, and Carts of victuals.

1661 J. Ogilby Relation His Majestie's Entertainm. 30 All sorts of Graffing, and Gardening Tools.

1716 H. Stevenson Young Gard'ner's Director Pref. p. iii In all the Gard'ning Books.

1830 M. R. Mitford Our Village IV. 329 I may consider myself in great luck to see what is called, in gardening language, ‘so grand a shew’.

1894 Westm. Gaz. 17 Sept. 3/3 I should like also to draw the distinction between gardening classes and a gardening club.

1934 A. Thirkell Wild Strawberries xiii. 277 The schoolroom, where Lady Emily kept some of her valuable old gardening books.

1964 E. Bowen Little Girls iii. v. 206 Gardening gloves crammed bulkily into a pocket.

2000 Tuam (County Galway) Herald & Western Advertiser 8 July 15/1 Bedding plants and moss peats, compost and gardening tools can be purchased.

b. In sense 4, as gardening mission, gardening sortie, etc. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1954 D. Richards & H. S. Saunders Royal Air Force 1939–45 III. x. 225 At first ‘Gardening’ missions..were flown only in moon periods.

1978 War Monthly No. 60 p. lii/1 Interspersed with the raids on the German mainland were ‘gardening’ missions.

1994 B. Greenhous et al. Crucible of War 1939–45 iv. xviii. 677 No 6 Group mounted 111 Gardening sorties on six nights in March 1943.

2013 G. Thorburn Bomber Command 1939–40 v. 122 Another 50 Squadron Hampden was lost in the sea..after being switched to gardening duties.

C2.

gardening leave n. British (euphemistic) suspension from work on full pay for the duration of a notice period, typically to prevent an employee from having any further influence on the organization or from acting to benefit a competitor before leaving; cf. garden leave n. at garden n. Compounds 7.

ΚΠ

1981 Times 22 May 15 There are too many senior officers on permanent ‘gardening leave’.

1989 Managem. Today (Nexis) Oct. 161 A gardening leave clause purports to allow a company to pay an outgoing employee to sit at home during his notice period.

1996 Independent (Nexis) 2 May (Business section) 20 The 37-year-old will become chief executive of ABN's European Corporate Finance business..after he has finished two months' gardening leave.

2014 Courier (Dundee) 29 Dec. (Perth & Perthshire ed.) 50/1 It was another black day for the League One champions just a week after boss Ally McCoist was sent away on gardening leave.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	gardening
释义	gardeningn. Brit. /ˈɡɑːdnɪŋ/, /ˈɡɑːdn̩ɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈɡɑrd(ə)nɪŋ/ Forms: late Middle English gardenyng, 1500s gardining, 1500s gardnyng, 1500s– gardening, 1600s gardning, 1700s gard'ning. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: garden n., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: Partly < garden n. + -ing suffix¹, and partly (in later use) < garden v. + -ing suffix¹. 1. The action or practice of cultivating or laying out a garden, esp. (in later use) as a hobby; horticulture. Formerly also: †an act of cultivating a garden (obsolete). Cf. garden v. 1.In quot. a1577 figurative.allotment, kitchen, landscape, window gardening, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > [noun] gardening1481 gardenage1601 horticulture1678 gardenership1711 garden craft1833 1481 tr. Cicero De Senectute (Caxton) sig. f3^v His manoirs & lordships to be wele approwed by plantyng fruytes tyllyng eryng, sowyng, & gardenyng. [No corresponding phrase in the French original.] ?1558 T. Hill (title) A most briefe and pleasaunte treatise, teachyng how to..set a garden..gathered oute of the principallest Aucthors which haue written of gardening. a1577 G. Gascoigne Posies in Wks. (1587) 160 Gascoigns gardenings wherof were written in one end of a close walke which he hath in his garden this discourse following. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 53^v In these partes they commonly begyn theyr gardnyng..in the ende of Februarie. 1635 Relation of Maryland vii. 47 Beside all their other labours in building, fencing, clearing of ground, raising of Cattell, gardening, &c. 1665 R. Boyle Disc. iv. iii, in Occas. Refl. sig. E7 A Stranger to the Art of Gardening. 1726 W. R. Chetwood Voy. & Adventures Capt. R. Boyle 28 Gardening was what I always took delight in. 1780 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting (ed. 2) IV. vii. 117 Gardening was probably one of the first arts that succeeded to that of building houses. 1841 J. W. Loudon Ladies' Compan. to Flower Garden 206/1 Peat earth..is used in gardening for the growth of large American plants, such as Rhododendrons, &c. 1877 ‘Mrs. Forrester’ Mignon I. iv. 64 My nephew has done the gardening single-handed the last five years. 1948 M. Bonham Casino viii. 70 Bridge and gardening are your pleasures, and nobody interferes with them. 1974 New Scientist 8 Aug. 339/1 You spend an hour thinking while you're doing the gardening. 2005 Guardian 19 Mar. (Weekend Suppl.) 7/1 A long stretch of dark days and prohibitively cold temperatures have allowed me to avoid..any sort of gardening. 2. Grounds laid out or cultivated as gardens. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > [noun] leightonc950 orchardOE garden1279 yard1390 vergera1400 smelling cheat1567 garden ground1577 gardenage1600 smeller1610 viridary1657 viridariumc1660 gardening1682 greenery1783 1682 London Mercury 20 Apr. 2/2 A House fit for a Person of Quality,..having good Coach-House, Stabling, Gardening, &c. 1687 London Gaz. No. 2284/4 At Worksop..is a large New House to be Lett, with good Cellaridge, Stabling, Gardning, and Land belonging to it. 1758 ‘Mrs. Richwould’ South Sea Fortune II. xvii. 267 The whole [land] that accompanied the seat being only about seven acres of orchard and gardening. 1786 Morning Post 15 Mar. (advt.) A neat House, with convenient Offices, Coach House, Stabling, Gardening, &c. 1871 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 14 Apr. 453/2 Pretty as the gardening around the memorial promises to be, it appears as if each front should have an approach to it. 1990 W. van Vliet & J. van Weesep Govt. & Housing viii. 145 The index is based on five aspects of the semipublic property: lobby, staircase, mailboxes, courtyard, and gardening. 3. Cricket. colloquial. The action of a batter in repairing unevenness in the pitch, esp. by clearing loose grass or flattening the ground with the end of the bat. Cf. garden v. 4.Sometimes used as a tactic to delay play or waste time. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > [noun] > other batting actions backing-up1816 slip1833 wrist-play1851 leg before1867 follow-through1891 gardening1897 wrist-work1898 whip1903 back-lift1912 1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 226/2 Fragments of grass and turf should be removed... The process of clearing the ground of débris is known to cricketers as ‘gardening’. 1957 A. Ross Cape Summer & Australians in Eng. i. iv. 78 Lock and Laker made a sizeable hole in the pitch and gardening took up quite as much time as batting. 2005 R. Benaud My Spin on Cricket xvii. 248 I was engaged in some prudent ‘gardening’ against ‘Lockie’, patting down the pitch, sometimes not quite ready to face up. 4. R.A.F. slang. In the Second World War (1939–45): the operation of aerial minelaying over enemy seas and coastal areas. Now historical. ΚΠ 1943 G. E. Wilson Aircraft Identification for Fighting Airmen 120 This aircraft..has also been used a great deal for mine-laying or ‘gardening’ as the RAF call it. 1987 C. Carrington Soldier at Bomber Command ix. 73 Mine-laying..was called gardening, with a vegetable name for each minefield. 1994 B. Greenhous et al. Crucible of War 1939–45 iv. xxi. 789 High-level minelaying using H2S required a commitment of heavy bombers to Gardening. 2009 Times (Nexis) 24 Sept. 67 ‘Gardening’, as minelaying was codenamed, was one of the most useful deployments of the bomber force then available. 5. Astronomy. The disturbance and mixing of the surface material of the moon or other celestial object by the impact of micrometeorites.In quot. 1965¹ showing an equivalent use of garden v. ΚΠ 1965 H. C. Urey in R. L. Heacock et al. Ranger VII, Part II. Experimenters' Anal. & Interpr. (Jet Propulsion Lab. Tech. Rep. No. 32-700) v. 136/1 The bombardment of the surface should have produced small craters and destroyed them many times during lunar history. The surface of the maria must have been ‘gardened’, let us say, to a considerable depth.] 1965 H. E. Newell in 1966 NASA Authorization: Hearings before Subcomm. Space Sci. of Comm. on Sci. & Astronautics (U.S. House of Representatives, 89th Congr., 1st Sess.) No. 2 iii. 45 When you get down to about 300 meters or so crater width, the gardening of the surface is such that the craters you see tend to be relatively new. 1969 Washington Post 21 July a1 The constant ‘gardening’ by meteorite bombardment over the ages. 1978 Sci. Amer. Mar. 84/3 As a result the Martian surface is not subjected to the repetitive high-velocity impact of small objects and the consequent ‘gardening’ of the top few meters of the surface. 1991 S. F. Mason Chem. Evol. ix. 110 The lunar crater Giordano Bruno has a very sharp crater rim which has not been rounded off, like other lunar craters, by the ‘gardening’ process of small bolide impacts. 2006 H. Schmitt Return to Moon vi. 82 Gardening reaches a depth of about 1 cm in about one million years. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. In sense 1, as gardening book, gardening class, gardening gloves, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > [adjective] gardening1577 horticultural1778 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 53^v Some deuide their gardnyng time [L. operas hortenses] by the monethes. 1587 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 157 Twelve gardining shoviles 12s. 1636 P. Heylyn Hist. Sabbath ii. v. 144 Carriage of gardening ware, and Carts of victuals. 1661 J. Ogilby Relation His Majestie's Entertainm. 30 All sorts of Graffing, and Gardening Tools. 1716 H. Stevenson Young Gard'ner's Director Pref. p. iii In all the Gard'ning Books. 1830 M. R. Mitford Our Village IV. 329 I may consider myself in great luck to see what is called, in gardening language, ‘so grand a shew’. 1894 Westm. Gaz. 17 Sept. 3/3 I should like also to draw the distinction between gardening classes and a gardening club. 1934 A. Thirkell Wild Strawberries xiii. 277 The schoolroom, where Lady Emily kept some of her valuable old gardening books. 1964 E. Bowen Little Girls iii. v. 206 Gardening gloves crammed bulkily into a pocket. 2000 Tuam (County Galway) Herald & Western Advertiser 8 July 15/1 Bedding plants and moss peats, compost and gardening tools can be purchased. b. In sense 4, as gardening mission, gardening sortie, etc. Now historical. ΚΠ 1954 D. Richards & H. S. Saunders Royal Air Force 1939–45 III. x. 225 At first ‘Gardening’ missions..were flown only in moon periods. 1978 War Monthly No. 60 p. lii/1 Interspersed with the raids on the German mainland were ‘gardening’ missions. 1994 B. Greenhous et al. Crucible of War 1939–45 iv. xviii. 677 No 6 Group mounted 111 Gardening sorties on six nights in March 1943. 2013 G. Thorburn Bomber Command 1939–40 v. 122 Another 50 Squadron Hampden was lost in the sea..after being switched to gardening duties. C2. gardening leave n. British (euphemistic) suspension from work on full pay for the duration of a notice period, typically to prevent an employee from having any further influence on the organization or from acting to benefit a competitor before leaving; cf. garden leave n. at garden n. Compounds 7. ΚΠ 1981 Times 22 May 15 There are too many senior officers on permanent ‘gardening leave’. 1989 Managem. Today (Nexis) Oct. 161 A gardening leave clause purports to allow a company to pay an outgoing employee to sit at home during his notice period. 1996 Independent (Nexis) 2 May (Business section) 20 The 37-year-old will become chief executive of ABN's European Corporate Finance business..after he has finished two months' gardening leave. 2014 Courier (Dundee) 29 Dec. (Perth & Perthshire ed.) 50/1 It was another black day for the League One champions just a week after boss Ally McCoist was sent away on gardening leave. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). gardeningadj. Brit. /ˈɡɑːdnɪŋ/, /ˈɡɑːdn̩ɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈɡɑrd(ə)nɪŋ/ Forms: 1600s gardning, 1700s– gardening. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: garden v., -ing suffix². Etymology: < garden v. + -ing suffix². That gardens (garden v. 1a); that is a keen gardener; (also) that works in a garden. Also in gardening farmer n. now rare a farmer who cultivates fruit and vegetables; a market gardener. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > [adjective] > that gardens gardeninga1645 a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) ii. ii. 183 In an instant we saw a Gardning maiden [Fr. iardiniere] become a Princess. 1772 A. Young Six Weeks Tour Southern Counties (ed. 3) iii. 93 The country is mostly occupied by gardening farmers, who cultivate beans, pease, potatoes, carrots, cabbages, &c. for the London market. 1822 C. Lamb in London Mag. Jan. 22/2 Now and then a solitary gardening man would cross me. 1851 Florist 287 All the gardening world used to talk of the 2000 varieties of Roses grown by the Messrs. Loddiges. 1869 F. Lieber Notes Fallacies Amer. Protectionists (1870) 18 The discomfort which has prevailed among the gardening farmers near New York. 1926 Princeton Alumni Weekly 9 June 960/1 The gardening group learned from inevitable failures that rhododendrons seem more contented to grow there than anywhere else. 1956 Life 30 July 79/2 (caption) Gardening farmers..gather for a covered-dish dinner at the farm of Ralph Myers. 2003 L. Davis Accusers xxxii.158 At this time of year there was little to occupy a gardening man, but I picked off a few dead twigs. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1481adj.a1645
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gardeningn.

Compounds

gardeningadj.