garrisonn.

/ˈɡarɪsən/

Forms: Middle English–1700s garison, Middle English–1500s garyson(e, Middle English garis(so)un, gareisoun, geryzoun, garysoun, Middle English–1600s garisoun(e, (Middle English garson(e, 1500s–1600s Scottish garesone, garesoun, 1600s guarison), Middle English–1500s garryson, (1500s garrisoun), 1500s– garrison.

Etymology: < Old French garison, gareison, guerison (Old Northern French warison warison n.), defence, safety, provision, store, < garir , guerir , to defend, preserve, furnish, < Old High German warjan to defend (= Old English węrian wear v.²). Senses 1, 2 agree with the uses of the French word. The further development is apparently due to confusion with French garnison garnison n., which had the same meanings of ‘defence’ and ‘supplies’, as well as that of ‘garrison’. There is not sufficient evidence to show that the last was ever a common sense of French garison: Godefroy gives only one quotation for it. It seems probable that the specially English sense of ‘fortress’, ‘stronghold’ (see 3), led to the identification of the two words and to the final adoption of ‘garrison’ in place of ‘garnison’.

†1. Store, treasure; donation, gift. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > gift or present > [noun]

givec888

lakeOE

presentc1230

giftc1275

garrison1297

benefit1377

beneficec1380

givinga1382

handsela1393

donativec1430

oblation1433

propine1448

presentationc1460

don1524

sportule1538

premie?1548

first penny1557

donation1577

exhibition1579

donary1582

fairing1584

merced1589

gifture1592

meed1613

recado1615

regalo1622

regale1649

dation1656

compliment1702

dashee1705

dash1788

cadeau1808

bestowment1837

potlatch1844

prez.1919

Harry Freeman's1925

pressie1933

the mind > possession > wealth > wealth or riches > [noun] > hoarded wealth > treasure

treasure1154

garrison1297

treasury1297

scat1481

thesaur1491

costliness1535

wealth-store1891

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 8461 Þe king of Camele made pays & an amirail al so & ȝeue hom gret garison hom non harm to do.

a1400–50 Alexander 1074 Geuys him garsons of gold & of gud stanes.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1837 He nay þat he nolde neghe in no wyse Nauþer golde ne garysoun.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6835 Of þir kyngs and þair garysouns, What þai gaf, landes and touns.

†2. Defence, protection; deliverance, safety; means of defence. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun]

warec893

mundbyrdeOE

mundOE

forhillinga1300

hillinga1300

weringa1300

warranting1303

garrisonc1320

defencec1325

defendingc1350

protectionc1350

garnisonc1386

safe warda1398

warrantise?a1400

safeguard1421

safekeeping1425

defension?a1439

defendancec1450

warisonc1450

propugnation1575

guard1576

fortifying1580

debate1581

shielding1581

shrouda1586

patronage1590

shrouding1615

fortressing?1624

munification1653

fencinga1661

castleward1674

fending1771

safeguardance1897

c1320 Cast. Love 870 God..nom flesch and blood of hire, to bringe His folk out of prisoun: Þat was vre garysoun.

c1400 Rom. Rose 3248 I can nat seen how thow mayst go Other weyes to garisoun.

1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 Cor. i. f. v^v It is no weake and feble thing, but a thing of Gods owne doyng, muche more mightie and effectuall, than is any mans power and garrisons.

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 46 He hath an innumerable gard to whome he hath geuen in charge to trauaile for our safetie, and that so long as we be compassed with a garrison and support of them..we be without al reach of hurt.

3. †(a) A fortress or stronghold. Obsolete. (b) (from sense 4) A place in which troops are quartered for defensive or other military purposes; a garrison-town.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fort or fortified town > [noun]

chestera855

boroughc893

fastnessOE

strength?c1225

warnestore1297

fortress13..

holdc1330

strongholdc1384

motec1390

fortalicec1425

garnisonc1430

garrisonc1430

town of war1441

wall-town1488

strengh1489

afforciament1509

piece1525

forcea1552

citadel1567

fort1569

place1575

holt1600

alcazar1623

fasthold1623

afforcement1642

castle-town1646

post1648

garrison-town1649

bridlea1661

palank1685

place of arms1704

ostrog1761

qila1761

presidio1763

gurry1786

thana1803

pa1823

castrum1836

lis1845

Gibraltar1856

training post1867

kasbah1902

jong1904

society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > quartering > [noun] > garrison-town

garrisonc1430

seat-town1591

place, town of garrison1592

garrison-town1649

c1430 J. Lydgate Horse, Goose & Sheep (Roxb.) 21 With oute werre..We may not saue ne kepe our right Our garisouns [v.r. garnesoins] ner castellis olde.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 188/1 Garsone, stronge place (H. garyzone, or garzone, strong holde), municipium.

1483 Cath. Angl. 150/1 A Garison, municipium.

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. d^v Quhen y^t gawyne..Wes cummyn to y^e castel..Gromys of y^t garisoune maid gamyn.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. ccv^v Lord Talbot..in defendynge of y^e Kynges Garysons was beset with Frenshe men at a place named Castyllyon.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 280 The toune of New Castell vpon Tyne, and in all other garrisons on the marches of Scotlande.

1654 J. Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 314 Went by Newark-on-Trent, a brave town and garrison.

1753 T. Woodroofe in J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea I. xx. 133 With directions to look for a proper place to build a garrison.

1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. (1817) I. ii. 372 He..with his own soldiers invested Werk Castle, a garrison of the English.

1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 1 462 I would propose that a ship of the line..be employed as a lazaretto..and stationed..opposite the garrison.

†a. A body or troop of persons (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered

weredc725

trumec893

thrumOE

wharfOE

flockOE

farec1275

lithc1275

ferd1297

companyc1300

flotec1300

routc1300

rowc1300

turbc1330

body1340

numberc1350

congregation1382

presencec1390

meiniec1400

storec1400

sum1400

manya1425

collegec1430

peoplec1449

schoola1450

turm1483

catervea1492

garrison?a1513

shoal1579

troop1584

bevy1604

roast1608

horde1613

gross1617

rhapsody1654

sortment1710

tribe1715

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 115 Ionet the weido on a bwsum hame rydand, Off wytchis with ane windir garesoun.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. TTTiiii^v After this sentence, all the garyson of the knyghtes and tormentors gathered about hym.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) sig. Diiij If I leade garrysons of menne of armes.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 150 The nobillis all in ane greit garesone, For the most part passit out of the toun.

b. A body of soldiers stationed in a fortress or other place for purposes of defence, etc.In sense b the word has taken the place of the older garnison n.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > garrison

warnison1338

garnisonc1386

wardc1500

garrison1542

garrisonment1593

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 161^v When certain persones moued hym and would haue had hym to kepe the citees with garysons..he saied [etc.].

1587 R. Holinshed et al. Hist. Scotl. (new ed.) 237/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II He made the castle stronger, in which he placed a valiant garrison.

1639 Duke of Hamilton in Hamilton Papers (1880) 72 If att the same tyme the garisounes att Beruick and Carlyll mad inroods into the Countrie.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 12 Strong Forts erected..and strong Garrisons maintained in them.

1801 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 347 The garrison could not remain in that fort opposed to the fire of a man of war.

1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. v. 221 He..gave orders that the forts demanded should be opened to British garrisons.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People i. §2. 15 The bulk of the garrison..lay cantoned along the Roman wall.

figurative.1548 Duke of Somerset Epist. Inhabitauntes Scotl. C j Hauyng the sea for wall, the mutuall loue for garrison, and God for defence.1598 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. (new ed.) f. 28 Thy vertuous thoughts..Like carefull skouts passe vp and down thy breast..Whilst al the blessed garison do sleepe.1644 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce (ed. 2) To Parl. sig. A3^v To inslave the dignity of man, to put a garrison upon his neck of empty and overdignifi'd precepts.a1800 W. Cowper Epist. to R. Lloyd in Poems (1980) I. 55 Sworn foes..That..daily threaten to drive thence My little garrison of sense.

†c. place, town of garrison: a garrison-town.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > quartering > [noun] > garrison-town

garrisonc1430

seat-town1591

place, town of garrison1592

garrison-town1649

1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. G3 If he haue beene ouer and visited a towne of Garrison.

1615 T. Overbury et al. New & Choise Characters with Wife (6th impr.) sig. M3^v Hee learnt his trade in a Towne of Garison neere famish't.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) v. vi. 168 Onely reseru'd, you claime no interest In any of our Townes of Garrison.

1649 J. Taylor Wandering 15 For at all places of Garison, there is very strict examinations of persons.

5. Phrases. in garrison [French en garnison] : doing duty as a garrison or as one of a garrison. (to go or be sent) into garrison: to do garrison duty. to keep garrison: to maintain a force of armed men in a fortified place; to be ‘in garrison’.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > [adverb] > on garrison duty

in garrison1490

society > armed hostility > defence > defend [verb (intransitive)] > establish a garrison > act as garrison

(to go or be sent) into garrison1707

to keep garrison1719

1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) lii. 200 Whan the souldyours, that Subyon had lefte there is garryson, herde [etc.].

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xxx All the souldiers whiche the duke of Orleance had left there in garrison to defend the bridge.

c1550 Deb. betw. Somer & Wynt. 39 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. III. 35 They haue no wyll to labour, in felde nor in garysone.

a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 68 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) The Earle of Tyrone is now accompted the strongest, upon him would I lay 8000. men in garrison.

1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster North-ward Hoe v. sig. G3^v My husband is in garrison ith' Low-countries.

1707 London Gaz. No. 4317/2 Part of their Troops..are to remain in Garison there; the rest are to go into Garison at Mantua.

1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 328 His Soldiers keep Garrison.

1730 A. Gordon tr. F. S. Maffei Compl. Hist. Anc. Amphitheatres 176 The Circus..in which a certain Count kept garrison for his own Security.

1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. vi. 428 Those in garrison at Goletta threatened to give up that important fortress.

1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) The elite or flower of the Janissaries of Constantinople is frequently sent into garrison on the frontiers of Turkey.

Compounds

C1. attributive.

garrison-artillery n.

ΚΠ

1872–6 G. E. Voyle Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) Garrison Artillery.

garrison-battalion n.

ΚΠ

1811 Ann. Reg. 1809 (Otridge ed.) Characters 737/2 [He] was promoted to the rank of Major in the sixth Garrison-Battalion then in Ireland.

garrison-duty n.

ΚΠ

1813 R. Southey Life Nelson i. 37 The few who were able to perform garrison duty.

garrison-guard n.

ΚΠ

1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Misc. Tracts 206/2 No person under the dignity of a chief Rajah has..the honour of being saluted by the garrison guard.

garrison-gun n.

† garrison-man n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1586 in J. Bruce Leycester Corr. (1844) 60 The poor garrison-men..suffer..the greatest miserie.

garrison-preaching n.

ΚΠ

1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic I. ii. i. 259 Without undervaluing the influence..of the garrison-preaching of the German military chaplains in the Netherlands.

garrison-soldier n.

ΚΠ

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 11 The Duke was at great charge in keeping Garison Souldiers at Dresden.

1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 443 The rest of the Fortifications upon that Coast, the Garrison Souldiers that were therein, when they fled, did overthrow and destroy.

C2.

garrison cap n. U.S. a peakless cap worn esp. as part of a military uniform.

ΚΠ

1947 S. Bellow Victim i. 6 A Negro janitor in a garrison cap was washing the stairs.

1971 U.S. Army Reg. 670–5 (Uniform & Insignia, Male Personnel) Jan. 14 (caption) Distinctive unit insignia worn on garrison cap.

garrison-carriage n. (see quot.).

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > gun carriage > [noun]

stock1496

carriage1562

sea-carriage1669

gun-carriage1769

devil carriage1794

devil-cart1797

sleigh1797

galloper carriage1802

garrison-carriage1872

galloping carriage1883

1872–6 G. E. Voyle Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) at Carriages Garrison Carriages, carriages constructed for such guns and howitzers as are not intended for transport, and which are generally placed on the ramparts of a fortress [etc.].

garrison-hack n. slang a woman who flirts indiscriminately with the officers of a garrison (Farmer).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > love > flirtation or coquetry > [noun] > flirt > female flirt > woman who flirts with garrison officers

garrison-hack1876

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > [noun] > sexual indulgence > unchaste behaviour of woman > unchaste or loose woman > other spec.

grass widow1529

leaguer-laundress1630

leaguer-lady1702

leaguer-lass1822

garrison-hack1876

sing-song girl1934

groupie1966

1876 J. Grant One of Six Hundred i. 8 The garrison hacks, or passé belles, whose names and flirtations are standing jokes.

1890 Athenæum 8 Feb. 176/1 The heroine is a ‘garrison-hack’.

garrison-hold n. possession or occupation by means of a garrison.

ΚΠ

1888 W. Cory Lett. & Jrnls. (1897) 529 We are in danger if we relax our garrison-hold of the adjacent island.

† garrison-house n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1677 W. Hubbard Narr. Troubles with Indians New-Eng. ii. 80 Yet were they able to surprize but one garrison house.

garrison state n. (see quot. 1954).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > where specific conditions prevail

police state1851

welfare state1894

Rechtsstaat1912

temple-state1920

kulturstaat1925

garrison state1937

the Illfare State1952

opportunity state1957

1937 H. D. Lasswell in China Q. II. 643 In the garrison state the specialist on violence is at the helm, and organized economic and social life is systematically subordinated to the fighting forces.

1941 H. D. Lasswell in Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 46 455 We are moving toward a world of ‘garrison states’—a world in which the specialists in violence are the most powerful group in society.

1954 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Add. Garrison state, a state dominated by military rather than by civilian personnel and policies, esp. one whose military preparations threaten to convert it into a totalitarian state.

1959 Listener 26 Mar. 553/2 Cultural activities, on the one hand, tend to become a commercial part of an overdeveloped capitalist economy or, on the other, an official part of the Science Machine of the Garrison State.

garrison-town n. a fortified town in which a garrison is stationed.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fort or fortified town > [noun]

chestera855

boroughc893

fastnessOE

strength?c1225

warnestore1297

fortress13..

holdc1330

strongholdc1384

motec1390

fortalicec1425

garnisonc1430

garrisonc1430

town of war1441

wall-town1488

strengh1489

afforciament1509

piece1525

forcea1552

citadel1567

fort1569

place1575

holt1600

alcazar1623

fasthold1623

afforcement1642

castle-town1646

post1648

garrison-town1649

bridlea1661

palank1685

place of arms1704

ostrog1761

qila1761

presidio1763

gurry1786

thana1803

pa1823

castrum1836

lis1845

Gibraltar1856

training post1867

kasbah1902

jong1904

society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > quartering > [noun] > garrison-town

garrisonc1430

seat-town1591

place, town of garrison1592

garrison-town1649

1649 Articles of Peace with Irish Rebels 11 The disposall of the Forts, Castles, Garrison Towns.

a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) i. 35 The Nights, in those Garrison Towns..brought me..weakness.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 346 A strong garrison town.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

garrisonv.

/ˈɡarɪsən/

Etymology: < garrison n.

a. transitive. To furnish with a garrison, to place troops in (a fortress, town, etc.) for defensive purposes.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defend [verb (transitive)] > garrison

set971

bemanc1175

ward1340

garnish?a1400

stuffc1400

fortify1470

force1535

garrison1569

garnison1583

garrisonize1657

1569 T. Stocker tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. Successors Alexander iii. v After he had garrisonned Sycione.

1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 634 They Garrison'd Viseo.

1783 W. Thomson in R. Watson & W. Thomson Hist. Reign Philip III v. 336 Garrisoning and fortifying such of the towns he had taken, as were most important for their situation and strength.

1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. 315 He..fortified the citadel and garrisoned the port.

1895 Sc. Antiquary 10 77 In the 'Forty-five, Burleigh Castle ..was garrisoned for King George.

figurative.a1856 H. Miller Paper on Cur. Suite Fossils (1874) 348 Is bone a thing rather strongly garrisoned by vitality, than itself vital?1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda IV. vii. liv. 121 His soul was garrisoned against presentiments and fears.

†b. ‘To secure by fortresses’ (Johnson); to protect with a garrison. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defend [verb (transitive)] > garrison > protect by garrison

engarrison1640

garrison1693

1693 G. Stepney tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires viii. 150 Those Forces join Which Garrison the Conquests near the Rhine.

1797 E. Burke Lett. Peace Regic. France iii, in Wks. (1815) VIII. 372 We have been..fortifying and garrisoning ourselves at home.

†c. intransitive. To establish a garrison or military post. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defend [verb (intransitive)] > establish a garrison

garrison1726

1726 tr. J. Cavalier Mem. Wars Cevennes iii. 163 He garrison'd in several Places, that he might be the more ready to disturb and deprive us of all Means of getting Provisions.

2. Of troops: To occupy as a garrison.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > have or possess [verb (transitive)] > occupy

oversiteOE

occupyc1375

obtain1482

surprise1540

garrison1645

society > armed hostility > defence > defend [verb (transitive)] > garrison > occupy as garrison

garrison1645

engarrison1659

1645 Ld. Digby in Mem. E. Ludlow (1699) III. 381 Let them..enquire before they put in, lest by any accident the Enemy should have Garisoned those Places before we come thither.

1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 23 No great Town, but well fortified and entrencht, garrison'd by three Companies of Foot.

1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) IV. 363 The other towns, which were garrisoned by the Greek mercenaries, refused to receive him.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xvii. 99 The fort was stormed. The soldiers who had garrisoned it fled in confusion to the city.

figurative and in extended use.1647 J. Hall Poems i. 21 I'le keep off harms, If thou'l be pleas'd to garrison mine arms.1647 A. Cowley Mistresse lxvii Since thou took'st it [my Heart] by Assault from Me, 'Tis Garison'd so strong with Thoughts of Thee.a1711 T. Ken Psyche ii, in Wks. (1721) IV. 201 O Make my Heart thy Care..No Rebels then will garrison my Breast.1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 439 The convent, although spacious, is garrisoned by only seven monks.

3. To put ‘in garrison’ or on garrison-duty; to station as a garrison. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defend [verb (transitive)] > garrison > station as garrison

garrisona1599

garrise1633

a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 68, in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) I would wish the cheife power of the Army to be garrisond in one Countrey that is strongest.

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. vii. §4. 347 Hippos or Hippion, a Citie so called of a Colonie of Horsemen there garrisond by Herod.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1497 Garrison'd round about him like a Camp Of faithful Souldiery.

1891 Daily News 30 Dec. 6/3 He was garrisoned..in the highest of the French forts on the Savoy Alps.

Derivatives

ˈgarrisoned adj. furnished with or defended by a garrison; also in garrisoned town = garrison-town n. at garrison n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > [adjective] > defended > garrisoned

presidiate1543

presidial1598

presidiary1599

garrisoneda1657

a1657 W. Burton Comm. Antoninus his Itinerary (1658) 121 Much less let him marvel to find Baths in garrisoned Towns.

1797 E. Burke Lett. Peace Regic. France iii, in Wks. (1815) VIII. 374 A garrisoned sea-town.

1894 Athenæum 29 Dec. 886/1 The Chouans attacked Teilleul, a garrisoned town.

ˈgarrisoning n. and adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > [noun] > action or process of defending

defencec1325

fencec1330

defendingc1350

garrisoning1681

covering1812

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > [noun] > construction of defensive works

strengthingc1384

warnestoringc1386

munition?c1500

fortification1562

defences1569

ensconcing1590

munifience1596

refortification1598

garrisoning1681

fortifying1719

forting1756

obstacling1882

1681 H. Neville Plato Redivivus 241 The Second great Prerogative the King enjoys, is the sole Disposal and Ordering of the Militia..Garrisoning and Fortifying places [etc.].

1879 S. Baring-Gould Germany I. 393 The garrisoning army..consisted of 10,107 officers, 353,102 men.

1884 Manch. Examiner 27 Sept. 5/3 A specially recruited Indian army..for the garrisoning of Egypt.

ˈgarrisoner n. a garrison-soldier.

ΚΠ

1693 W. Freke Sel. Ess. 278 Military Discipline is as necessary; for your Garrisoners in their Sallies, as your Field Souldiers in their March.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	garrison
释义	garrisonn. /ˈɡarɪsən/ Forms: Middle English–1700s garison, Middle English–1500s garyson(e, Middle English garis(so)un, gareisoun, geryzoun, garysoun, Middle English–1600s garisoun(e, (Middle English garson(e, 1500s–1600s Scottish garesone, garesoun, 1600s guarison), Middle English–1500s garryson, (1500s garrisoun), 1500s– garrison. Etymology: < Old French garison, gareison, guerison (Old Northern French warison warison n.), defence, safety, provision, store, < garir , guerir , to defend, preserve, furnish, < Old High German warjan to defend (= Old English węrian wear v.²). Senses 1, 2 agree with the uses of the French word. The further development is apparently due to confusion with French garnison garnison n., which had the same meanings of ‘defence’ and ‘supplies’, as well as that of ‘garrison’. There is not sufficient evidence to show that the last was ever a common sense of French garison: Godefroy gives only one quotation for it. It seems probable that the specially English sense of ‘fortress’, ‘stronghold’ (see 3), led to the identification of the two words and to the final adoption of ‘garrison’ in place of ‘garnison’. †1. Store, treasure; donation, gift. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > gift or present > [noun] givec888 lakeOE presentc1230 giftc1275 garrison1297 benefit1377 beneficec1380 givinga1382 handsela1393 donativec1430 oblation1433 propine1448 presentationc1460 don1524 sportule1538 premie?1548 first penny1557 donation1577 exhibition1579 donary1582 fairing1584 merced1589 gifture1592 meed1613 recado1615 regalo1622 regale1649 dation1656 compliment1702 dashee1705 dash1788 cadeau1808 bestowment1837 potlatch1844 prez.1919 Harry Freeman's1925 pressie1933 the mind > possession > wealth > wealth or riches > [noun] > hoarded wealth > treasure treasure1154 garrison1297 treasury1297 scat1481 thesaur1491 costliness1535 wealth-store1891 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 8461 Þe king of Camele made pays & an amirail al so & ȝeue hom gret garison hom non harm to do. a1400–50 Alexander 1074 Geuys him garsons of gold & of gud stanes. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1837 He nay þat he nolde neghe in no wyse Nauþer golde ne garysoun. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6835 Of þir kyngs and þair garysouns, What þai gaf, landes and touns. †2. Defence, protection; deliverance, safety; means of defence. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] warec893 mundbyrdeOE mundOE forhillinga1300 hillinga1300 weringa1300 warranting1303 garrisonc1320 defencec1325 defendingc1350 protectionc1350 garnisonc1386 safe warda1398 warrantise?a1400 safeguard1421 safekeeping1425 defension?a1439 defendancec1450 warisonc1450 propugnation1575 guard1576 fortifying1580 debate1581 shielding1581 shrouda1586 patronage1590 shrouding1615 fortressing?1624 munification1653 fencinga1661 castleward1674 fending1771 safeguardance1897 c1320 Cast. Love 870 God..nom flesch and blood of hire, to bringe His folk out of prisoun: Þat was vre garysoun. c1400 Rom. Rose 3248 I can nat seen how thow mayst go Other weyes to garisoun. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 Cor. i. f. v^v It is no weake and feble thing, but a thing of Gods owne doyng, muche more mightie and effectuall, than is any mans power and garrisons. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 46 He hath an innumerable gard to whome he hath geuen in charge to trauaile for our safetie, and that so long as we be compassed with a garrison and support of them..we be without al reach of hurt. 3. †(a) A fortress or stronghold. Obsolete. (b) (from sense 4) A place in which troops are quartered for defensive or other military purposes; a garrison-town. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fort or fortified town > [noun] chestera855 boroughc893 fastnessOE strength?c1225 warnestore1297 fortress13.. holdc1330 strongholdc1384 motec1390 fortalicec1425 garnisonc1430 garrisonc1430 town of war1441 wall-town1488 strengh1489 afforciament1509 piece1525 forcea1552 citadel1567 fort1569 place1575 holt1600 alcazar1623 fasthold1623 afforcement1642 castle-town1646 post1648 garrison-town1649 bridlea1661 palank1685 place of arms1704 ostrog1761 qila1761 presidio1763 gurry1786 thana1803 pa1823 castrum1836 lis1845 Gibraltar1856 training post1867 kasbah1902 jong1904 society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > quartering > [noun] > garrison-town garrisonc1430 seat-town1591 place, town of garrison1592 garrison-town1649 c1430 J. Lydgate Horse, Goose & Sheep (Roxb.) 21 With oute werre..We may not saue ne kepe our right Our garisouns [v.r. garnesoins] ner castellis olde. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 188/1 Garsone, stronge place (H. garyzone, or garzone, strong holde), municipium. 1483 Cath. Angl. 150/1 A Garison, municipium. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. d^v Quhen y^t gawyne..Wes cummyn to y^e castel..Gromys of y^t garisoune maid gamyn. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. ccv^v Lord Talbot..in defendynge of y^e Kynges Garysons was beset with Frenshe men at a place named Castyllyon. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 280 The toune of New Castell vpon Tyne, and in all other garrisons on the marches of Scotlande. 1654 J. Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 314 Went by Newark-on-Trent, a brave town and garrison. 1753 T. Woodroofe in J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea I. xx. 133 With directions to look for a proper place to build a garrison. 1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. (1817) I. ii. 372 He..with his own soldiers invested Werk Castle, a garrison of the English. 1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 1 462 I would propose that a ship of the line..be employed as a lazaretto..and stationed..opposite the garrison. 4. †a. A body or troop of persons (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered weredc725 trumec893 thrumOE wharfOE flockOE farec1275 lithc1275 ferd1297 companyc1300 flotec1300 routc1300 rowc1300 turbc1330 body1340 numberc1350 congregation1382 presencec1390 meiniec1400 storec1400 sum1400 manya1425 collegec1430 peoplec1449 schoola1450 turm1483 catervea1492 garrison?a1513 shoal1579 troop1584 bevy1604 roast1608 horde1613 gross1617 rhapsody1654 sortment1710 tribe1715 a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 115 Ionet the weido on a bwsum hame rydand, Off wytchis with ane windir garesoun. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. TTTiiii^v After this sentence, all the garyson of the knyghtes and tormentors gathered about hym. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) sig. Diiij If I leade garrysons of menne of armes. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 150 The nobillis all in ane greit garesone, For the most part passit out of the toun. b. A body of soldiers stationed in a fortress or other place for purposes of defence, etc.In sense b the word has taken the place of the older garnison n. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > garrison warnison1338 garnisonc1386 wardc1500 garrison1542 garrisonment1593 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 161^v When certain persones moued hym and would haue had hym to kepe the citees with garysons..he saied [etc.]. 1587 R. Holinshed et al. Hist. Scotl. (new ed.) 237/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II He made the castle stronger, in which he placed a valiant garrison. 1639 Duke of Hamilton in Hamilton Papers (1880) 72 If att the same tyme the garisounes att Beruick and Carlyll mad inroods into the Countrie. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 12 Strong Forts erected..and strong Garrisons maintained in them. 1801 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 347 The garrison could not remain in that fort opposed to the fire of a man of war. 1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. v. 221 He..gave orders that the forts demanded should be opened to British garrisons. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People i. §2. 15 The bulk of the garrison..lay cantoned along the Roman wall. figurative.1548 Duke of Somerset Epist. Inhabitauntes Scotl. C j Hauyng the sea for wall, the mutuall loue for garrison, and God for defence.1598 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. (new ed.) f. 28 Thy vertuous thoughts..Like carefull skouts passe vp and down thy breast..Whilst al the blessed garison do sleepe.1644 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce (ed. 2) To Parl. sig. A3^v To inslave the dignity of man, to put a garrison upon his neck of empty and overdignifi'd precepts.a1800 W. Cowper Epist. to R. Lloyd in Poems (1980) I. 55 Sworn foes..That..daily threaten to drive thence My little garrison of sense. †c. place, town of garrison: a garrison-town. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > quartering > [noun] > garrison-town garrisonc1430 seat-town1591 place, town of garrison1592 garrison-town1649 1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. G3 If he haue beene ouer and visited a towne of Garrison. 1615 T. Overbury et al. New & Choise Characters with Wife (6th impr.) sig. M3^v Hee learnt his trade in a Towne of Garison neere famish't. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) v. vi. 168 Onely reseru'd, you claime no interest In any of our Townes of Garrison. View more context for this quotation 1649 J. Taylor Wandering 15 For at all places of Garison, there is very strict examinations of persons. 5. Phrases. in garrison [French en garnison] : doing duty as a garrison or as one of a garrison. (to go or be sent) into garrison: to do garrison duty. to keep garrison: to maintain a force of armed men in a fortified place; to be ‘in garrison’. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > [adverb] > on garrison duty in garrison1490 society > armed hostility > defence > defend [verb (intransitive)] > establish a garrison > act as garrison (to go or be sent) into garrison1707 to keep garrison1719 1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) lii. 200 Whan the souldyours, that Subyon had lefte there is garryson, herde [etc.]. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xxx All the souldiers whiche the duke of Orleance had left there in garrison to defend the bridge. c1550 Deb. betw. Somer & Wynt. 39 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. III. 35 They haue no wyll to labour, in felde nor in garysone. a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 68 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) The Earle of Tyrone is now accompted the strongest, upon him would I lay 8000. men in garrison. 1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster North-ward Hoe v. sig. G3^v My husband is in garrison ith' Low-countries. 1707 London Gaz. No. 4317/2 Part of their Troops..are to remain in Garison there; the rest are to go into Garison at Mantua. 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 328 His Soldiers keep Garrison. 1730 A. Gordon tr. F. S. Maffei Compl. Hist. Anc. Amphitheatres 176 The Circus..in which a certain Count kept garrison for his own Security. 1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. vi. 428 Those in garrison at Goletta threatened to give up that important fortress. 1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) The elite or flower of the Janissaries of Constantinople is frequently sent into garrison on the frontiers of Turkey. Compounds C1. attributive. garrison-artillery n. ΚΠ 1872–6 G. E. Voyle Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) Garrison Artillery. garrison-battalion n. ΚΠ 1811 Ann. Reg. 1809 (Otridge ed.) Characters 737/2 [He] was promoted to the rank of Major in the sixth Garrison-Battalion then in Ireland. garrison-duty n. ΚΠ 1813 R. Southey Life Nelson i. 37 The few who were able to perform garrison duty. garrison-guard n. ΚΠ 1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Misc. Tracts 206/2 No person under the dignity of a chief Rajah has..the honour of being saluted by the garrison guard. garrison-gun n. † garrison-man n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1586 in J. Bruce Leycester Corr. (1844) 60 The poor garrison-men..suffer..the greatest miserie. garrison-preaching n. ΚΠ 1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic I. ii. i. 259 Without undervaluing the influence..of the garrison-preaching of the German military chaplains in the Netherlands. garrison-soldier n. ΚΠ 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 11 The Duke was at great charge in keeping Garison Souldiers at Dresden. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 443 The rest of the Fortifications upon that Coast, the Garrison Souldiers that were therein, when they fled, did overthrow and destroy. C2. garrison cap n. U.S. a peakless cap worn esp. as part of a military uniform. ΚΠ 1947 S. Bellow Victim i. 6 A Negro janitor in a garrison cap was washing the stairs. 1971 U.S. Army Reg. 670–5 (Uniform & Insignia, Male Personnel) Jan. 14 (caption) Distinctive unit insignia worn on garrison cap. garrison-carriage n. (see quot.). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > gun carriage > [noun] stock1496 carriage1562 sea-carriage1669 gun-carriage1769 devil carriage1794 devil-cart1797 sleigh1797 galloper carriage1802 garrison-carriage1872 galloping carriage1883 1872–6 G. E. Voyle Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) at Carriages Garrison Carriages, carriages constructed for such guns and howitzers as are not intended for transport, and which are generally placed on the ramparts of a fortress [etc.]. garrison-hack n. slang a woman who flirts indiscriminately with the officers of a garrison (Farmer). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > flirtation or coquetry > [noun] > flirt > female flirt > woman who flirts with garrison officers garrison-hack1876 society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > [noun] > sexual indulgence > unchaste behaviour of woman > unchaste or loose woman > other spec. grass widow1529 leaguer-laundress1630 leaguer-lady1702 leaguer-lass1822 garrison-hack1876 sing-song girl1934 groupie1966 1876 J. Grant One of Six Hundred i. 8 The garrison hacks, or passé belles, whose names and flirtations are standing jokes. 1890 Athenæum 8 Feb. 176/1 The heroine is a ‘garrison-hack’. garrison-hold n. possession or occupation by means of a garrison. ΚΠ 1888 W. Cory Lett. & Jrnls. (1897) 529 We are in danger if we relax our garrison-hold of the adjacent island. † garrison-house n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1677 W. Hubbard Narr. Troubles with Indians New-Eng. ii. 80 Yet were they able to surprize but one garrison house. garrison state n. (see quot. 1954). ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > where specific conditions prevail police state1851 welfare state1894 Rechtsstaat1912 temple-state1920 kulturstaat1925 garrison state1937 the Illfare State1952 opportunity state1957 1937 H. D. Lasswell in China Q. II. 643 In the garrison state the specialist on violence is at the helm, and organized economic and social life is systematically subordinated to the fighting forces. 1941 H. D. Lasswell in Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 46 455 We are moving toward a world of ‘garrison states’—a world in which the specialists in violence are the most powerful group in society. 1954 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Add. Garrison state, a state dominated by military rather than by civilian personnel and policies, esp. one whose military preparations threaten to convert it into a totalitarian state. 1959 Listener 26 Mar. 553/2 Cultural activities, on the one hand, tend to become a commercial part of an overdeveloped capitalist economy or, on the other, an official part of the Science Machine of the Garrison State. garrison-town n. a fortified town in which a garrison is stationed. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fort or fortified town > [noun] chestera855 boroughc893 fastnessOE strength?c1225 warnestore1297 fortress13.. holdc1330 strongholdc1384 motec1390 fortalicec1425 garnisonc1430 garrisonc1430 town of war1441 wall-town1488 strengh1489 afforciament1509 piece1525 forcea1552 citadel1567 fort1569 place1575 holt1600 alcazar1623 fasthold1623 afforcement1642 castle-town1646 post1648 garrison-town1649 bridlea1661 palank1685 place of arms1704 ostrog1761 qila1761 presidio1763 gurry1786 thana1803 pa1823 castrum1836 lis1845 Gibraltar1856 training post1867 kasbah1902 jong1904 society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > quartering > [noun] > garrison-town garrisonc1430 seat-town1591 place, town of garrison1592 garrison-town1649 1649 Articles of Peace with Irish Rebels 11 The disposall of the Forts, Castles, Garrison Towns. a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) i. 35 The Nights, in those Garrison Towns..brought me..weakness. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 346 A strong garrison town. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). garrisonv. /ˈɡarɪsən/ Etymology: < garrison n. 1. a. transitive. To furnish with a garrison, to place troops in (a fortress, town, etc.) for defensive purposes. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defend [verb (transitive)] > garrison set971 bemanc1175 ward1340 garnish?a1400 stuffc1400 fortify1470 force1535 garrison1569 garnison1583 garrisonize1657 1569 T. Stocker tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. Successors Alexander iii. v After he had garrisonned Sycione. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 634 They Garrison'd Viseo. 1783 W. Thomson in R. Watson & W. Thomson Hist. Reign Philip III v. 336 Garrisoning and fortifying such of the towns he had taken, as were most important for their situation and strength. 1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. 315 He..fortified the citadel and garrisoned the port. 1895 Sc. Antiquary 10 77 In the 'Forty-five, Burleigh Castle ..was garrisoned for King George. figurative.a1856 H. Miller Paper on Cur. Suite Fossils (1874) 348 Is bone a thing rather strongly garrisoned by vitality, than itself vital?1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda IV. vii. liv. 121 His soul was garrisoned against presentiments and fears. †b. ‘To secure by fortresses’ (Johnson); to protect with a garrison. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defend [verb (transitive)] > garrison > protect by garrison engarrison1640 garrison1693 1693 G. Stepney tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires viii. 150 Those Forces join Which Garrison the Conquests near the Rhine. 1797 E. Burke Lett. Peace Regic. France iii, in Wks. (1815) VIII. 372 We have been..fortifying and garrisoning ourselves at home. †c. intransitive. To establish a garrison or military post. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defend [verb (intransitive)] > establish a garrison garrison1726 1726 tr. J. Cavalier Mem. Wars Cevennes iii. 163 He garrison'd in several Places, that he might be the more ready to disturb and deprive us of all Means of getting Provisions. 2. Of troops: To occupy as a garrison. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > have or possess [verb (transitive)] > occupy oversiteOE occupyc1375 obtain1482 surprise1540 garrison1645 society > armed hostility > defence > defend [verb (transitive)] > garrison > occupy as garrison garrison1645 engarrison1659 1645 Ld. Digby in Mem. E. Ludlow (1699) III. 381 Let them..enquire before they put in, lest by any accident the Enemy should have Garisoned those Places before we come thither. 1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 23 No great Town, but well fortified and entrencht, garrison'd by three Companies of Foot. 1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) IV. 363 The other towns, which were garrisoned by the Greek mercenaries, refused to receive him. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xvii. 99 The fort was stormed. The soldiers who had garrisoned it fled in confusion to the city. figurative and in extended use.1647 J. Hall Poems i. 21 I'le keep off harms, If thou'l be pleas'd to garrison mine arms.1647 A. Cowley Mistresse lxvii Since thou took'st it [my Heart] by Assault from Me, 'Tis Garison'd so strong with Thoughts of Thee.a1711 T. Ken Psyche ii, in Wks. (1721) IV. 201 O Make my Heart thy Care..No Rebels then will garrison my Breast.1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 439 The convent, although spacious, is garrisoned by only seven monks. 3. To put ‘in garrison’ or on garrison-duty; to station as a garrison. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defend [verb (transitive)] > garrison > station as garrison garrisona1599 garrise1633 a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 68, in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) I would wish the cheife power of the Army to be garrisond in one Countrey that is strongest. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. vii. §4. 347 Hippos or Hippion, a Citie so called of a Colonie of Horsemen there garrisond by Herod. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1497 Garrison'd round about him like a Camp Of faithful Souldiery. View more context for this quotation 1891 Daily News 30 Dec. 6/3 He was garrisoned..in the highest of the French forts on the Savoy Alps. Derivatives ˈgarrisoned adj. furnished with or defended by a garrison; also in garrisoned town = garrison-town n. at garrison n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > [adjective] > defended > garrisoned presidiate1543 presidial1598 presidiary1599 garrisoneda1657 a1657 W. Burton Comm. Antoninus his Itinerary (1658) 121 Much less let him marvel to find Baths in garrisoned Towns. 1797 E. Burke Lett. Peace Regic. France iii, in Wks. (1815) VIII. 374 A garrisoned sea-town. 1894 Athenæum 29 Dec. 886/1 The Chouans attacked Teilleul, a garrisoned town. ˈgarrisoning n. and adj. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > [noun] > action or process of defending defencec1325 fencec1330 defendingc1350 garrisoning1681 covering1812 society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > [noun] > construction of defensive works strengthingc1384 warnestoringc1386 munition?c1500 fortification1562 defences1569 ensconcing1590 munifience1596 refortification1598 garrisoning1681 fortifying1719 forting1756 obstacling1882 1681 H. Neville Plato Redivivus 241 The Second great Prerogative the King enjoys, is the sole Disposal and Ordering of the Militia..Garrisoning and Fortifying places [etc.]. 1879 S. Baring-Gould Germany I. 393 The garrisoning army..consisted of 10,107 officers, 353,102 men. 1884 Manch. Examiner 27 Sept. 5/3 A specially recruited Indian army..for the garrisoning of Egypt. ˈgarrisoner n. a garrison-soldier. ΚΠ 1693 W. Freke Sel. Ess. 278 Military Discipline is as necessary; for your Garrisoners in their Sallies, as your Field Souldiers in their March. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.1297v.1569
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