| 释义 |
Gaelicn.adj. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Scottish Gaelic. Partly formed within English, by derivation; chiefly partly modelled on an Irish lexical item, and partly modelled on a Manx lexical item. Etymons: Scottish Gaelic Gàidhlig ; Gael n., -ic suffix. Etymology: Originally (i) (chiefly in α. forms, with the pronunciation  /ˈɡalɪk/) < Scottish Gaelic Gàidhlig (Early Irish Goídelc : see note); in β. forms with remodelling after Gael n. + -ic suffix. In later use (ii) (in β. forms, especially when pronounced as /ˈɡeɪlɪk/) probably also partly directly < Gael n. + -ic suffix, chiefly after Irish Gaeilge and Manx Gaelg (see note). Compare also earlier Erse adj.Early Irish Goídelc (noun), denoting the language (Irish †Gaedhealg , Scottish Gaelic Gàidhlig , Manx Gaelg ) is a borrowing < the British base of Welsh Gwyddeleg , in the same sense (13th cent.) < Gwyddel Irishman (see Gael n.) + -eg , suffix forming language names (see Cymraeg n.). Current Irish Gaeilge (in the same sense) apparently originated as an oblique form of †Gaedhealg : see Gaeilge n. Compare also Early Irish goídelach (adjective) (culturally) Gaelic, Gaelic-speaking (Irish Gaelach , Scottish Gaelic Gàidhealach ) < Goídel + -ach , suffix forming adjectives. Variant forms and pronunciation. The α. forms reflect the most common pronunciation in Scotland (/ˈɡalɪk/), which in turn reflects the pronunciation of Scottish Gaelic Gàidhlig ; the δ. forms show the Scottish Gaelic spelling being adopted for the broadly homophonous English word (usually, but not exclusively to denote the Scottish Gaelic language). The β. forms can now be pronounced either way, with /ˈɡeɪlɪk/ being the most common pronunciation outside Scotland, with the English diphthong being closer to the long /eː/ in the Irish and Manx language names. Syntax. In use as a language name with definite article (see sense A. 1) apparently after corresponding uses in the respective languages (Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx); compare also the adj. 6. Earlier parallels. Compare the following earlier passage from a Scottish source, although it is unclear whether the language name should be interpreted as showing the Scots word or its Scottish Gaelic etymon (written phonetically):a1525 Scottis Originale in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 185 His son..gathelos efter quhom our langag Is callit galeig [a1530 Royal Gayelige]. Compare also the following passage, which appears to reflect an isolated earlier borrowing of the Scottish Gaelic language name, probably borrowed at a time when the internal dh was still pronounced as a dental fricative /ð/, and transmitted in writing from that period (see the discussion at Gael n.):1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 73 Quhilke..commounlie is called..the Gathelik toung [L. Gathelica lingua], albeit corrupetlie. Compare also the following, even earlier passage (with reference to Ireland), ultimately based on a Latin passage in Gerald of Wales (12th cent.), who cites the Irish language name as gaidelach (apparently reflecting the Irish adjective cited above): ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 345 Me seith þat þese Gathleus made þe Irische langage and cleped hit Gathelaf [c1410 BL Add. Gaithelaf; ?a1475 anon. tr. Gaitelaf; L. Gaythelaf, v.rr. Gaitelak, Gaitelaf], as it were a langage i-gadered of alle langages and tonges. A. n. 1. Frequently with the. Any of the three Goidelic languages spoken in Ireland, Scotland, and the Isle of Man (or variations of these as spoken in diasporas, esp. in North America). the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Celtic > Goidelic > Scottish 1652 T. Urquhart 29 Our Scots-Irish language is termed Galick, as they from Galicia. 1753 J. Man i. 13 They please themselves with the term Gael, and call their own language Gaelic. 1775 J. Boswell Let. 18 Feb. in (1791) I. 455 It is affirmed, that the Gaelick (call it Erse or call it Irish,) has been written in the Highlands and Hebrides for many centuries. 1803 at Inverness-shire The Gaelic is the language of the people. 1876 J. Grant ii. xiii. 372 (note) Children who can only speak Gaelic. 1922 Apr. 804/2 A rowan tree with its red berries,—crann caorthainn they call it in Gaidhlig. 1936 11 June 10/3 In the primary schools some other subjects may be taught through the medium of Gaelic. 2017 M. Rowe (Bradt Travel Guides) ii. 54 My parents insisted that only Gaelic was spoken in the house. the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Celtic > Goidelic > Irish 1773 3 Apr. 324/1 The vulgar dialect is called Gaedhlic. 1789 J. Pinkerton II. vi. 138 The Lingua Scotica, was the Gaelic of Ireland. 1825 14 83 Aran, so far as I can collect, means lofty or mountainous in the Gaelic. 1897 8 96/1 The influence exerted on the minds of the Irish-speakers..when they found people coming long distances..in order to learn Gaelic. 1937 19 Apr. 9/2 Mr. De Valera has written his new Constitution for the Free State in Gaelic. 1968 3 460 Areas where Gaelic was still naturally spoken.., as on Tory Island, were recently placed under a special Ministry. 2010 (Nexis) 11 Mar. A taste of Gaedhlic. 2014 (Nexis) 16 Jan. 17 The new Catholic archbishop learned to speak Gaelic from his parents and has always been a fluent speaker of the ancient tongue. the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Celtic > Goidelic > Irish > Manx 1810 Apr. 1402 He [sc. John Kelly] has left behind him a monument of his erudition in the Celtic, in the grammar of the ancient Gaelic, or language of the Isle of Man. 1871 E. Adams (rev. ed.) i. 2 To the latter [branch] belong the Irish Gaelic, or Erse; the Scotch Gaelic, and the Manx, or Gaelic of the Isle of Man. 1926 7 323 A Manxman would say in Gaelic ‘Tra va mee my ghuilley’ = when I was my boy. 1957 3 May 18/6 The choir of his school..is deservedly famous in the south for its performances of Manx folk-songs in Gaelic. 2016 (Nexis) 20 Mar. If you get someone interested in dialect and they start using certain words, it may trigger an interest in Gaelic. the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Celtic > Goidelic 1781 J. Clark 27 When St Columba..gathered the monks into monastries, the Gaelic was the only language of Scotland and Ireland. 1826 18 Jan. In that language [sc. Carthaginian] we might discover something to interest and surprise us much—a curious affinity perhaps to..the more expressive and harmonious Gaelic, spoken in the North, and in the Sister Island. 1859 tr. R. de Belloguet in 5 77 The Gaelic, divided into Irish, Erse, or Highland Scotch, and the Manks. 1910 26 Nov. The Gaelic spoken in Ireland, Scotland and Man is one and the same language, with slight differences of dialect and pronunciation. 1977 K. Katzner (1986) ii. 50 Gaelic is spoken both in Ireland and in Scotland, in two distinct varieties that are generally referred to as Irish Gaelic and Scottish Gaelic. 1992 D. MacAulay i. 2 ‘Pictish’ was superseded by the Gaelic brought in by the Irish settlers. 2007 C. Robinson & R. Ó Maolalaigh in I. Brown I. xvii. 154 Early contact with different languages..must also, however, have been a significant factor in the development of a Scottish variety of Gaelic. B. adj.the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Celtic 1741 A. MacDonald (title) A Galick and English Vocabulary. 1753 J. Man iii. 105 The Gaelic or Welsh language. 1787 R. Burns Dec. (2001) I. 179 It was the tune of a Gaelic song. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iv, in 2nd Ser. III. 69 We have not a Gaelic word by which we can even name a maker of gloves. 1853 5 171 This royal bard, who is so much spoken of by our old Gaedhlic writers. 1875 U. J. Bourke iv. 77 The scope of the present work regards the living Gaelic language of Connacht. 1934 23 713 Mr Carmichael Watson, the son of two distinguished Gàidhlig scholars. 1979 6 July a12/5 A Celtic congress of representatives from these regions holds regular meetings devoted in part to reviving the Gaelic languages. 2004 N. Berdichevsky xii. 146 Throughout much of the eighteenth century attempts were made by the authorities to suppress the native Gaelic language of the highlands. the world > people > ethnicities > Celtic people > [adjective] > Gaels 1807 Dec. 477 The following description of the manners of the Gaelic people, proves that they stood in need of great additional restraints, both civil and religious. 1852 ‘Native of South Britain’ 25 What information we possess about the bagpipe is curious and interesting. Although a very ancient instrument, the Gaelic nations do not appear to have been much acquainted with it. 1903 P. W. Joyce I. i. 7 Many ancient Gaelic customs that have died out..in Ireland, are still preserved, with most of their antique features, in the Islands and Highlands of Scotland. 1962 15 Mar. 11/7 T.V. is the greatest enemy of Gaelic culture. 2003 M. A. Lyons Introd. 24 Some of the populace at large were exposed to unprecedented direct contact with large numbers of Gaelic men, women and children. 2017 (Nexis) 16 May (News section) 53 Handball was one of the many Gaelic sports being demonstrated. Compounds C1. Compounds of the noun. 1822 23 For 400,000 Gælic speakers, in the Highlands and the Hebredes, 50,000 Bibles and Testaments [have been provided]. 1927 24 Oct. 14/4 From childhood he was a Gaelic speaker. 2005 15 July 10/2 Bòrd na Gàidhlig have launched an initiative which will create new employment opportunities for Gaelic speakers throughout Scotland. 1832 2 Jan. The principle of common sense and justice..on which the Welsh and the Gaelic speaking people have been morally instructed with much success. 1926 10 July 81/1 A Gaelic-speaking nurse from Glasgow had spent some months in St. Kilda..but after she left no successor could be found. 2017 (Nexis) 8 Aug. The Carolinas were home to the largest Gaelic-speaking communities outside of Scotland. C2. Compounds of the adjective. the world > food and drink > drink > coffee > [noun] > coffee with spirits 1946 26 Apr. 4/2 Sixteen-handed reels and those other boons which come under the term ‘customs’—stirabout, potheen, gaelic coffee, putting elderly farmers down wells. 1967 J. B. Priestley iii. 29 She invited him to take Gaelic coffee in her sitting room. 2014 (Nexis) 18 Dec. (News section) 6 The fact that we ran out of mulled wine, Gaelic coffee and every last home made mince pie suggests that this has become a very popular event in the city. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > other forms of football > [noun] 1886 26 Apr. 6/7 The Gaelic Football and Hurling Festival at Thurles to-day attracted an enormous attendance. 1949 C. Graves ix. 81 Next day I had the opportunity of watching Gaelic football. At first sight it looked exactly like Association Football. 2017 (Nexis) 10 Apr. (News section) 63 It was a victory founded on the best traditions of Kerry football—which is to say on the best traditions of Gaelic football. 1893 30 Aug. 6/2 The Gaelic League. Under this name an organisation has within the past few weeks been formed..to further and popularise the movement for the preservation of the Irish language. 1901 W. B. Yeats mid-July (1994) III. 89 Discussing plans for the Pan Celtic Congress..; questioning Hyde about the Gaelic League's attitude towards it. 1972 R. Kee ix. 452 The words [Sinn Fein] had..been the early motto of the Gaelic League. 2013 E. Ní Mhuircheartaigh in T. Herron II. vi. 81 Among the stated aims of the Gaelic League were the conservation of spoken Irish and the cultivation of a modern literature in Irish. 1878 5 Oct. 7/1 (heading) The Gaelic Revival. 1904 Nov. 182 The Gaelic revival has extended to the Highlands and even to the little Isle of Man. 1996 S. D. Cameron in C. Corbin & J. A. Rolls 214 If you look back at the records, roughly every 20 years there's a lot of talk about a Gaelic revival. 2017 8 Nov. 41 He [sc. Padraic Ó Conaire] was a remarkably prolific journalist and writer, even by the standards of the Gaelic Revival. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.adj.1652 |
