gambitn.

Brit.

/ˈɡambɪt/, U.S.

/ˈɡæmbət/

Forms: 1600s–1700s gambet, 1600s–1700s gambett, 1700s– gambit.

Origin: Probably a borrowing from Spanish. Or perhaps a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: Spanish gambito; Italian gambetto.

Etymology: Probably partly < Spanish gambito gambit in chess (1561 with reference to chess, in Ruy López Libro..del juego del Axedres iii. vii f. 104), and partly < its etymon Italian gambetto a tripping up in wrestling (14th cent.), gambit in chess (a1575, earliest in form gambitto , probably after Spanish) < gamba leg (see jamb n.) + -etto (see -et suffix¹). The Spanish word shows substitution of the equivalent suffix -ito for Italian -etto. Compare French gambit (1743; probably < Spanish).

1. Chess.

a. Originally: a game, or sequence of moves, involving a sacrifice to launch an attack or gain some other advantage. Now esp.: an opening in which a player offers a sacrifice, typically of a pawn, for the sake of a compensating advantage. Formerly also: spec. = king's gambit n. at king n. Compounds 5b.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > move > sequence of moves

gambit1656

game1735

combination1875

1656 F. Beale tr. G. Greco Royall Game Chesse-play (title page) Illustrated with almost an hundred Gambetts.

1682 Observator 5 Feb. 1/2 Now must I teach thee Chess-Play..A Gambet is a king of a Fore-laid Game at Chesse.

1735 J. Bertin Noble Game of Chess Rules p. vii The gambet is, when he that first [perh. read that plays first] gives the pawn of the king's bishop, in the second move for nothing, the other keeps it, or takes another for it, if he is obliged to lose it.

1777 A. D. Philidor Anal. Game of Chess (new ed.) 229 This way of playing the gambit is neither of a very interesting nature, nor affords the same after-games.

1847 H. Staunton Chess-player's Handbk. iv. x. 347 (heading) The gambit declined.

1856 C. Tomlinson Chess Player's Ann. 75 He was a very accomplished player, and generally preferred open games, gambits, &c.

1908 Brit. Chess Mag. May 224 Of the games recorded, 70 or 80 were gambits.

1975 Boys' Life July 51/1 The best way to refute a gambit is to accept it.

2004 N.Y. Times 21 Mar. 32/5 Against Carlsen's King's Indian Attack, Dolmatov heads toward a Dutch Defense type formation... There is a gambit available here with 2 e4.

b. Frequently with capital initial. With modifying word: a recognized sequence of opening moves in which a player offers a sacrifice, typically of a pawn, for the sake of a compensating advantage. Also: a game beginning with such an opening.king's, queen's gambit, etc.: see the first element. The modifying word commonly refers to the (presumed) inventor or place of origin of the opening.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > named openings or continuations

gambit1735

game1735

Giuoco Piano1813

Sicilian game1847

Sicilian opening1852

Ruy Lopez1859

French defence1868

Sicilian defence1875

Siesta gambit1935

King's (or Queen's) Indian defence1942

Nimzo-Indian1954

1735 J. Bertin Noble Game of Chess 5 Another defence of the three Pawns gambet.

1745 P. Stamma Noble Game of Chess Pref. 17 There is another Gambett, where three Pawns are given away; and therefore it is called the three Pawns, or Cunningham's Gambett, from the supposed Inventor.

1768 Adventures Miss Lucy Watson viii. 51 He is a good player, but is not perfect in Cunningham's gambit yet.

1841 G. Walker New Treat. Chess (ed. 3) ii. xiii. 129 In the Muzio Gambit you castle, instead, on this move, leaving Kt. prizable.

1871 M. Collins Marquis & Merchant II. x. 294 Who..taught her the Mortimer attack in the Evans gambit.

1873 M. Collins Squire Silchester II. iv. 40 The Squire and Simonet were already at chess, deep in the Cochrane gambit.

1913 Amer. Chess Bull. May 112 One of the games was a centre gambit developed into a regular Scotch gambit.

1948 Times 5 Mar. 6/4 Both games opened with a variant of the Slav Defence to the Queen's Gambit Declined.

1979 J. Marfia tr. D. Bronstein Zurich Internat. Chess Tournament 1953 xviii. 207/2 Occasionally, a pawn is given up to obtain a line for a bishop, the most obvious example being the Danish Gambit: 1 e4 e5 2 d4 ed 3 c3 dc 4 Bc4 cb 5 B:b2.

2006 Chess Dec. 26/2 [He] has employed the fashionable Korchnoi Gambit.

2. (In early use in extended metaphors of sense 1; cf. opening gambit n. at opening adj. Compounds.)

a. A remark intended to initiate or change the direction of a conversation or discussion. Frequently in opening gambit n. at opening adj. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > course adopted to achieve an end > opening move in

gambit1853

1853 Punch 1 Jan. 43/2 Would you think I..played Knight's gambit, or rather opening, if I ventured the colloquial critique—‘very fine oysters!’

1870 Spectator 2 Apr. 442/2 Certain popular topics are invariably treated with the same little apocryphal preludes... Bells are not a popular topic, but their literature possesses a similar gambit. The reader is usually informed that church bells were first used about 600 B.C. at Nola.

1911 P. Gibbon Margaret Harding 44 She had caught from Mrs. Jakes the first rule of polite conversation... ‘Sun burning plenty; how's Missis?’ was her usual opening gambit.

1979 I. Opie Jrnl. 20 Nov. in People in Playground (1993) 177 Gloves, like the famous conversational gambit ‘Do you like string?’ proved a rewarding topic.

2005 I. Sansom Mobile Libr.: Case Missing Bks. v. 67 Struggling to think of some useful conversational gambit to get things going.

b. A plan, stratagem, or ploy that is calculated to gain an advantage, esp. at the outset of a contest, negotiation, etc.

ΚΠ

1855 Duke of Buckingham Mem. Court & Cabinets George III III. 115 The dashing gambit which his opponent directed, was neither evaded with caution nor defended with skill.

1861 O. W. Holmes Elsie Venner xxii. 121 The Widow's gambit was played, and she had not won the game.

1884 G. Allen Philistia I. 19 Each of us has his own game to play, and..he must play it on his own gambit to a great extent.

1925 C. Burt Young Delinquent viii. 338 His usual gambit was to set his fellow office boys bidding for the smaller trinkets, and then with a show of generosity to return the purchase money.

1952 S. Potter One-upmanship i. v. 64 The basic gambit is of course the achievement of the state of one-upness on the rest of the public.

1983 P. Lively Perfect Happiness vii. 97 She searched for another gambit by which to escape.

2005 Australian 7 Sept. (Brisbane ed.) 22/2 Product integration is a slick new term for a hoary old advertising gambit.

Compounds

gambit pawn n. Chess the pawn which is sacrificed in a gambit; (also occasionally) the pawn which captures this pawn.

ΚΠ

1735 J. Bertin Noble Game of Chess p. viii You must be resolute to guard the gambet pawn.

1750 tr. G. Greco Chess made Easy 68 (note) P F 4, at the 2d Move, makes the Game a Gambet, and P f is thence called the Gambet Pawn.

1886 Daily News 20 July 3/1 Zukertort took the gambit pawn, whereupon white played B K 2, and the result was the king's bishop's gambit limited.

1938 Times 11 Aug. 12/3 Aitken played the enterprising Budapest defence, involving the sacrifice of a pawn. Parr made no attempt to retain the gambit pawn.

2001 J. Nunn Understanding Chess Move by Move xxii. 166/1 The alternative is..a risky idea which aims for active piece-play at the cost of not regaining the gambit pawn.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	gambit
释义	gambitn. Brit. /ˈɡambɪt/, U.S. /ˈɡæmbət/ Forms: 1600s–1700s gambet, 1600s–1700s gambett, 1700s– gambit. Origin: Probably a borrowing from Spanish. Or perhaps a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: Spanish gambito; Italian gambetto. Etymology: Probably partly < Spanish gambito gambit in chess (1561 with reference to chess, in Ruy López Libro..del juego del Axedres iii. vii f. 104), and partly < its etymon Italian gambetto a tripping up in wrestling (14th cent.), gambit in chess (a1575, earliest in form gambitto , probably after Spanish) < gamba leg (see jamb n.) + -etto (see -et suffix¹). The Spanish word shows substitution of the equivalent suffix -ito for Italian -etto. Compare French gambit (1743; probably < Spanish). 1. Chess. a. Originally: a game, or sequence of moves, involving a sacrifice to launch an attack or gain some other advantage. Now esp.: an opening in which a player offers a sacrifice, typically of a pawn, for the sake of a compensating advantage. Formerly also: spec. = king's gambit n. at king n. Compounds 5b. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > move > sequence of moves gambit1656 game1735 combination1875 1656 F. Beale tr. G. Greco Royall Game Chesse-play (title page) Illustrated with almost an hundred Gambetts. 1682 Observator 5 Feb. 1/2 Now must I teach thee Chess-Play..A Gambet is a king of a Fore-laid Game at Chesse. 1735 J. Bertin Noble Game of Chess Rules p. vii The gambet is, when he that first [perh. read that plays first] gives the pawn of the king's bishop, in the second move for nothing, the other keeps it, or takes another for it, if he is obliged to lose it. 1777 A. D. Philidor Anal. Game of Chess (new ed.) 229 This way of playing the gambit is neither of a very interesting nature, nor affords the same after-games. 1847 H. Staunton Chess-player's Handbk. iv. x. 347 (heading) The gambit declined. 1856 C. Tomlinson Chess Player's Ann. 75 He was a very accomplished player, and generally preferred open games, gambits, &c. 1908 Brit. Chess Mag. May 224 Of the games recorded, 70 or 80 were gambits. 1975 Boys' Life July 51/1 The best way to refute a gambit is to accept it. 2004 N.Y. Times 21 Mar. 32/5 Against Carlsen's King's Indian Attack, Dolmatov heads toward a Dutch Defense type formation... There is a gambit available here with 2 e4. b. Frequently with capital initial. With modifying word: a recognized sequence of opening moves in which a player offers a sacrifice, typically of a pawn, for the sake of a compensating advantage. Also: a game beginning with such an opening.king's, queen's gambit, etc.: see the first element. The modifying word commonly refers to the (presumed) inventor or place of origin of the opening. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > named openings or continuations gambit1735 game1735 Giuoco Piano1813 Sicilian game1847 Sicilian opening1852 Ruy Lopez1859 French defence1868 Sicilian defence1875 Siesta gambit1935 King's (or Queen's) Indian defence1942 Nimzo-Indian1954 1735 J. Bertin Noble Game of Chess 5 Another defence of the three Pawns gambet. 1745 P. Stamma Noble Game of Chess Pref. 17 There is another Gambett, where three Pawns are given away; and therefore it is called the three Pawns, or Cunningham's Gambett, from the supposed Inventor. 1768 Adventures Miss Lucy Watson viii. 51 He is a good player, but is not perfect in Cunningham's gambit yet. 1841 G. Walker New Treat. Chess (ed. 3) ii. xiii. 129 In the Muzio Gambit you castle, instead, on this move, leaving Kt. prizable. 1871 M. Collins Marquis & Merchant II. x. 294 Who..taught her the Mortimer attack in the Evans gambit. 1873 M. Collins Squire Silchester II. iv. 40 The Squire and Simonet were already at chess, deep in the Cochrane gambit. 1913 Amer. Chess Bull. May 112 One of the games was a centre gambit developed into a regular Scotch gambit. 1948 Times 5 Mar. 6/4 Both games opened with a variant of the Slav Defence to the Queen's Gambit Declined. 1979 J. Marfia tr. D. Bronstein Zurich Internat. Chess Tournament 1953 xviii. 207/2 Occasionally, a pawn is given up to obtain a line for a bishop, the most obvious example being the Danish Gambit: 1 e4 e5 2 d4 ed 3 c3 dc 4 Bc4 cb 5 B:b2. 2006 Chess Dec. 26/2 [He] has employed the fashionable Korchnoi Gambit. 2. (In early use in extended metaphors of sense 1; cf. opening gambit n. at opening adj. Compounds.) a. A remark intended to initiate or change the direction of a conversation or discussion. Frequently in opening gambit n. at opening adj. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > course adopted to achieve an end > opening move in gambit1853 1853 Punch 1 Jan. 43/2 Would you think I..played Knight's gambit, or rather opening, if I ventured the colloquial critique—‘very fine oysters!’ 1870 Spectator 2 Apr. 442/2 Certain popular topics are invariably treated with the same little apocryphal preludes... Bells are not a popular topic, but their literature possesses a similar gambit. The reader is usually informed that church bells were first used about 600 B.C. at Nola. 1911 P. Gibbon Margaret Harding 44 She had caught from Mrs. Jakes the first rule of polite conversation... ‘Sun burning plenty; how's Missis?’ was her usual opening gambit. 1979 I. Opie Jrnl. 20 Nov. in People in Playground (1993) 177 Gloves, like the famous conversational gambit ‘Do you like string?’ proved a rewarding topic. 2005 I. Sansom Mobile Libr.: Case Missing Bks. v. 67 Struggling to think of some useful conversational gambit to get things going. b. A plan, stratagem, or ploy that is calculated to gain an advantage, esp. at the outset of a contest, negotiation, etc. ΚΠ 1855 Duke of Buckingham Mem. Court & Cabinets George III III. 115 The dashing gambit which his opponent directed, was neither evaded with caution nor defended with skill. 1861 O. W. Holmes Elsie Venner xxii. 121 The Widow's gambit was played, and she had not won the game. 1884 G. Allen Philistia I. 19 Each of us has his own game to play, and..he must play it on his own gambit to a great extent. 1925 C. Burt Young Delinquent viii. 338 His usual gambit was to set his fellow office boys bidding for the smaller trinkets, and then with a show of generosity to return the purchase money. 1952 S. Potter One-upmanship i. v. 64 The basic gambit is of course the achievement of the state of one-upness on the rest of the public. 1983 P. Lively Perfect Happiness vii. 97 She searched for another gambit by which to escape. 2005 Australian 7 Sept. (Brisbane ed.) 22/2 Product integration is a slick new term for a hoary old advertising gambit. Compounds gambit pawn n. Chess the pawn which is sacrificed in a gambit; (also occasionally) the pawn which captures this pawn. ΚΠ 1735 J. Bertin Noble Game of Chess p. viii You must be resolute to guard the gambet pawn. 1750 tr. G. Greco Chess made Easy 68 (note) P F 4, at the 2d Move, makes the Game a Gambet, and P f is thence called the Gambet Pawn. 1886 Daily News 20 July 3/1 Zukertort took the gambit pawn, whereupon white played B K 2, and the result was the king's bishop's gambit limited. 1938 Times 11 Aug. 12/3 Aitken played the enterprising Budapest defence, involving the sacrifice of a pawn. Parr made no attempt to retain the gambit pawn. 2001 J. Nunn Understanding Chess Move by Move xxii. 166/1 The alternative is..a risky idea which aims for active piece-play at the cost of not regaining the gambit pawn. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1656
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