gastro-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Forms: rarely before a vowel gastr-.

Etymology: Combining form of Greek γαστ(ε)ρ-, γαστήρ, belly, stomach.

In many modern terms of Anatomy, Pathology, etc.

gastro-catarrhal adj.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)kəˈtɑːrəl/

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)kəˈtɑːrl̩/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊkəˈtɑrəl/

connected with gastric catarrh.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [adjective] > mucous discharge > catarrh

phlegmatica1398

rheumatic?a1425

catarrhal1651

gastro-catarrhal1833

1833 J. Forbes et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. II. 337/1 One of the most frequent forms of disease in Dublin is that which may be termed the gastro-catarrhal fever.

gastrocele n.

Brit.

/ˈɡastrəsiːl/

U.S.

/ˈɡæstrəˌsil/

[Greek κήλη tumour] (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1807 S. Cooper First Lines Pract. Surg. I. ii. xxxiv. 363 When a hernia contains the stomach,..it is sometimes named.., gastrocele.

Categories »

gastrocentrous adj.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˈsɛntrəs/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊˈsɛntrəs/

(see quot.).

gastro-colic adj.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˈkɒlɪk/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊˈkɑlɪk/

[Greek κόλον the colon] pertaining to the stomach and to the colon. gastrocolic omentum n. a fatty, highly folded part of the omentum connecting the lower part of the stomach to the transverse colon.

ΚΠ

1846 W. M. Buchanan Technol. Dict. Gastrocolic, an epithet for the great omentum, because it passes from the gaster or stomach to the arch of the colon.

gastro-colostomy n.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)kəˈlɒstəmi/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊkəˈlɑstəmi/

(see quot.).

ΚΠ

1896 A. E. Maylard Surg. Alim. Canal 249 When the junction is with the ileum, it is strictly a gastro-ileostomy; and when with the colon, a gastro-colostomy.

gastrodiaphane n.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˈdʌɪəfeɪn/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊˈdaɪəˌfeɪn/

[Greek διαϕανής translucent] an instrument for illuminating the inside of the stomach in order that its outline may be seen through the abdominal wall.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > examination > [noun] > passing light through organ > instrument for illuminating inside

gastrodiaphane1892

1892 M. Manges tr. C. A. Ewald Dis. Stomach ii. 63 The use of the gastrodiaphane has been suggested by Einhorn. This instrument consists of a small electric light, which is introduced into the stomach; the contours of this organ are outlined by the light shining through the gastric wall and the abdominal parietes.

gastrodiaphany n.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)dʌɪˈafəni/

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)dʌɪˈafn̩i/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊdaɪˈæfəni/

ΚΠ

1894 G. M. Gould Dict. Med. Gastrodiaphany, a method of exploration of the stomach by means of the gastrodiaphane.

1896 A. E. Maylard Treat. Surg. Alim. Canal 156 Gastrodiaphany..has received up to the present but a very limited trial.

1904 Nature 4 Aug. 316/2 This includes the ordinary clinical methods and the examination by the Röntgen rays and by so-called gastro-diaphany.

gastro-duodenal adj.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)djuːəˈdiːnl/

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)dʒuːəˈdiːnl/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊˌd(j)uəˈdin(ə)l/

/ˌɡæstroʊd(j)uˈɑdn̩(ə)l/

pertaining to the stomach and to the duodenum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > stomach or belly > [adjective]

wamedc1420

stomached?1529

stomachal1582

stomachical1601

gastric1656

stomachic1656

monogastric1814

ventricular1822

gasteral1828

perigastric1852

gastro-duodenal1854

gastrophrenic1854

opisthogastric1857

ventric1869

intragastric1900

oesophagogastric1954

nasogastric1958

tummied1975

the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > intestines > [adjective] > duodenum

duodenal1843

gastro-duodenal1854

1854 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Gastro-Duodenalis..gastro-duodenal.

1882 Quain's Elements Anat. (ed. 9) I. 436 The gastro-duodenal artery descends near the pylorus behind the first part of the duodenum.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 367 The jaundice was due..to gastro-duodenal catarrh.

gastro-duodenitis n.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)djuːədᵻˈnʌɪtᵻs/

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)dʒuːədᵻˈnʌɪtᵻs/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊd(j)uˌɑdnˈaɪdᵻs/

/ˌɡæstroʊˌd(j)uədəˈnaɪdᵻs/

inflammation of the stomach and duodenum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of stomach > [noun] > inflammation

gastritis1806

gastro-enteritis1825

gastro-duodenitis1834

flu1921

1834 S. Cooper Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) II. 175 (note) Gastro-duodenitis may exist without jaundice.

gastro-duodenostomy n.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˌdjuːədᵻˈnɒstəmi/

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˌdʒuːədᵻˈnɒstəmi/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊd(j)uˌɑdnˈɑstəmi/

/ˌɡæstroʊˌd(j)uədəˈnɑstəmi/

the surgical creation of a passage between the stomach and the duodenum.

ΚΠ

1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. I Gastroduodenostomy.

1903 Lancet 29 Aug. 591/2 We rapidly considered the relative advantage of pyloroplasty..and gastro-duodenostomy.

gastro-enteric adj.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrəʊɛnˈtɛrɪk/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊɛnˈtɛrɪk/

pertaining to the stomach and intestines.

ΚΠ

1833 J. Forbes et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. II. 343/1 Gastro-enteric inflammation.

1854 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Gastrentericus..gastrenteric.

gastro-enteritis n.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrəʊɛntəˈrʌɪtᵻs/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊˌɛn(t)əˈraɪdᵻs/

inflammation of the stomach and intestines.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of stomach > [noun] > inflammation

gastritis1806

gastro-enteritis1825

gastro-duodenitis1834

flu1921

1825 J. M. Good Study Med. (ed. 2) II. 469 Gastro-enteritis..exists without any painful point, when [etc.].

gastro-enteritic adj.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrəʊɛntəˈrɪtɪk/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊˌɛn(t)əˈrɪdɪk/

ΚΠ

1854 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Gastrenteriticus..gastrenteritic.

1861 T. J. Graham Pract. Med. 629 We hear of..mucous, gastro-enteritic [fevers].

gastro-enterology n.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrəʊɛntəˈrɒlədʒi/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊˌɛn(t)əˈrɑlədʒi/

the branch of medicine dealing with the stomach and intestines and their pathology.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > art or science of medicine > [noun] > branches dealing with specific parts

haematology1811

dermatology1813

cardiology1837

laryngology1842

pharyngology1842

glossology1844

haematics1854

urology1855

odontonosology1857

otiatrics1857

otiatry1857

trichology1860

trichopathy1860

urinology1860

psychoneurology1865

otology1874

rhinology1874

rhinolaryngology1888

sphygmology1890

otolaryngology1897

proctology1899

otorhinolaryngology1900

gastro-enterology1904

neuroendocrinology1922

urodynamics1954

pulmonology1955

psychoneuroendocrinology1970

1904 Appleton's Med. Dict. Gastroenterology, the pathology, etc., of the stomach and intestines.

1908 Practitioner Feb. 283 The student of gastro-enterology.

1952 F. A. Jones Mod. Trends Gastro-enterol. p. xiii In many countries, as in Great-Britain, gastro-enterology is not an established speciality..but remains within the sphere of general medicine and surgery.

gastro-enterological adj.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrəʊˌɛntərəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊˌɛn(t)ərəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/

ΚΠ

1927 F. F. Imianitoff tr. J. Rachet Pract. Gastrosc. p. vi Gastro-enterological endoscopy.

gastro-enterologist n.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrəʊɛntəˈrɒlədʒɪst/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊˌɛn(t)əˈrɑlədʒəst/

ΚΠ

1935 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 2 Feb. 402/2 This dictum of the gastro-enterologists.

gastro-enterostomy n.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrəʊɛntəˈrɒstəmi/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊˌɛn(t)əˈrɑstəmi/

[Greek ἔντερον intestine + στόμα mouth + -y suffix³] ‘the formation of a permanent mouth, or fistulous opening, connecting the duodenum and the stomach, when the pylorus is obstructed’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1885).

ΚΠ

1886 Braithwaite's Med. Retrospect. XCII. 40 Duodenostomy, gastrostomy for the passage of a tube, and complete gastrectomy, should all be replaced by gastro-enterostomy.

1893 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 1 Apr. 50/2 After gastro-enterostomy the contents of the stomach often pass into the..pyloric limb of the attached loop of intestine.

gastro-enterotomy n.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrəʊɛntəˈrɒtəmi/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊˌɛn(t)əˈrɑdəmi/

‘the opening of the intestine through the abdominal walls’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1885).

ΚΠ

1876 Clin. Soc. Trans. 9 109 Gastro-Enterotomy (artificial anus in the small intestine).

gastro-epiploic adj.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrəʊɛpᵻˈpləʊɪk/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊˌɛpəˈploʊɪk/

pertaining to the stomach and to the epiploon.

ΚΠ

1656 T. Blount Glossographia at Vein Gastrepiploick vein.

1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 194/2 It [the hepatic artery] gives two..branches called the pyloric and the right gastro-epiploic.

gastro-gastrostomy n.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrəʊɡaˈstrɒstəmi/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊɡæˈstrɑstəmi/

(see quot. 1900).

ΚΠ

1900 W. A. N. Dorland Amer. Illustr. Med. Dict. 274/1 Gastrogastrostomy, the formation of an anastomosis between the pyloric and cardiac ends of the stomach, performed for hour-glass contraction of the stomach.

1902 C. Watson Encycl. Medica XI. 454 Gastro-anastomosis or Gastro-gastrostomy (Wölfler)..consists in making a free communication between the two compartments of an hour-glass stomach.

1921 J. Sherren Lect. Surg. Stomach & Duodenum iii. 35 If there is a double hour-glass stomach,..double gastrojejunostomy should be performed if this operation is indicated. Plastic operations on the stomach, such as gastro-gastrostomy, should not be done.

gastro-hepatic adj.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrəʊhᵻˈpatɪk/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊhəˈpædɪk/

pertaining to the stomach and to the liver. gastrohepatic omentum n. connecting the liver to the upper part of the stomach.

ΚΠ

1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 502/2 A defined margin terminates the gastro-hepatic omentum on the right side.

gastro-hysterotomy n.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)hɪstəˈrɒtəmi/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊˌhɪstəˈrɑdəmi/

the Cæsarean operation: see Caesarean adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > operations on sex organs > operations on female sex organs > obstetrical operations

Caesarean birth1661

hysterotomy1707

embryotomy1765

embryoctony1788

omphalotomy1828

cephalotomy1836

synchondrotomy1842

symphysiotomy1846

pelviotomy1847

version1853

gastro-hysterotomy1854

craniotomy1855

cranioclasm1860

pubiotomy1865

cephalotripsy1876

episiotomy1878

cleidotomy1901

Caesarean1923

Caesar1952

C-section1960

section1960

vacuum extraction1961

1854 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Gastro-hysterotomia..gastro-hysterotomy.

gastro-ileostomy n.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrəʊɪlɪˈɒstəmi/

/ˌɡastrəʊʌɪlɪˈɒstəmi/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊˌɪliˈɑstəmi/

the surgical creation of a passage between the stomach and the ileum.

ΚΠ

1896 A. E. Maylard Treat. Surg. Alim. Canal 249 When the junction is with the ileum, it is strictly a gastro-ileostomy.

1957 H. A. Davis Princ. Surg. Physiol. xvii. 453 The unintentional performance of a gastro-ileostomy often results in the development of an ileal ulcer or an ileitis.

gastro-intestinal adj.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrəʊɪnˈtɛstᵻnl/

/ˌɡastrəʊɪntɛˈstʌɪnl/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊᵻnˈtɛstən(ə)l/

= gastro-enteric adj.

ΚΠ

1829 J. Togno & E. Durand tr. H. Milne-Edwards & P. Vavasseur Man. Materia Medica 213 A lively irritation of the gastro-intestinal surface.

1869 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 485 Anything which causes gastro-intestinal disorder.

gastro-jejunal adj.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)dʒᵻˈdʒuːnl/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊdʒəˈdʒun(ə)l/

pertaining to or involving both the stomach and the jejunum.

ΚΠ

1908 Practitioner Sept. 450 The original posterior gastro-jejunal opening had closed.

gastro-jejunostomy n.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˌdʒɪdʒuːˈnɒstəmi/

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˌdʒɪdʒᵿˈnɒstəmi/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊdʒədʒuˈnɑstəmi/

/ˌɡæstroʊˌdʒɛdʒuˈnɑstəmi/

the surgical creation of a passage between the stomach and the jejunum.

ΚΠ

1891 Lancet 2 May 988/2 The growth having much increased and the stomach being greatly dilated, gastro-jejunostomy was performed.

1921Gastrojejunostomy [see gastro-gastrostomy n.].

gastro-œsophageal adj.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrəʊᵻsɒfəˈdʒiːəl/

/ˌɡastrəʊiːsɒfəˈdʒiːəl/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊəˌsɑfəˈdʒiəl/

pertaining to or involving both the stomach and the œsophagus.

ΚΠ

1889 Cent. Dict. Gastro-esophageal.

1962 Lancet 1 Dec. 1178/2 He has made a particular study of gastroœsophageal disorders in children.

gastropexy n.

Brit.

/ˈɡastrə(ʊ)pɛksi/

U.S.

/ˈɡæstrəˌpɛksi/

[see -pexy comb. form] an operation for restoring a prolapsed stomach to its proper position by suturing it to the abdominal wall.

ΚΠ

1896 A. E. Maylard Treat. Surg. Alim. Canal 225 An operation termed gastropexy has been performed by Duret for certain cases of displacement and dilatation.

1908 Practitioner Sept. 440 For ptosis and atony of the stomach, gastro-enterostomy is preferable to gastropexy or gastroplication alone.

gastrophrenic adj.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˈfrɛnɪk/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstrəˈfrɛnɪk/

pertaining to the stomach and to the diaphragm.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > internal organs > diaphragm > [adjective]

diaphragmatic1656

phrenic1685

frenetic1704

gastrophrenic1854

diaphragmal1890

cardiodiaphragmatic1907

the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > stomach or belly > [adjective]

wamedc1420

stomached?1529

stomachal1582

stomachical1601

gastric1656

stomachic1656

monogastric1814

ventricular1822

gasteral1828

perigastric1852

gastro-duodenal1854

gastrophrenic1854

opisthogastric1857

ventric1869

intragastric1900

oesophagogastric1954

nasogastric1958

tummied1975

1854 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Gastro-phrenicus..gastro-phrenic.

1882 Quain's Elements Anat. (ed. 9) II. 727 A small duplicature to the left of the œsophagus, named the gastro-phrenic ligament.

gastroplication n.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)plᵻˈkeɪʃn/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊpləˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/

[Latin plicāre to fold] an operation for reducing the capacity of the stomach by sewing together folds made in the stomach wall.

ΚΠ

1896 A. E. Maylard Treat. Surg. Alim. Canal 248 Brandt also records a successful case [sc. of gastrorrhaphy] under the title of gastroplication.

1903 tr. F. Riegel Dis. Stomach i. 284 The operation of Bircher consists in reducing the capacity of the stomach by constructing folds in the stomach-wall and sewing these reduplications together (gastroplication).

Categories »

gastro-pneumonic adj.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)njuːˈmɒnɪk/

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)njᵿˈmɒnɪk/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊn(j)uˈmɑnɪk/

pertaining to the stomach and to the lungs.

gastroptosis n.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrɒpˈtəʊsɪs/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstrɑpˈtoʊsəs/

[ptosis n.] a downward displacement of the stomach.

ΚΠ

1900 C. Watson Encycl. Medica V. 207 In dilatation and gastroptosis the location of the pain approaches nearer to the umbilicus.

1909 W. Osler & T. McCrae Syst. Med. V. 608 Gastroptosis, although one of the less frequently recognized of the visceral ptoses, is one of the most important as regards symptomatology.

1927 S. Wyard Handbk. Dis. Stomach vii. 170 Gastroptosis..occurs as an isolated phenomenon or in association with a downward displacement of certain of the other viscera as well, e.g. intestines, kidneys, etc.

gastro-pulmonary adj.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˈpʌlmən(ə)ri/

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˈpʊlmən(ə)ri/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊˈpəlməˌnɛri/

ΚΠ

1839 W. E. Horner & J. Pancoast Wistar's Syst. Anat. for Students (ed. 7) II. 62 The mucous membranes..may be reduced to two great divisions, namely the gastro-pulmonary and the genito-urinary.

gastro-pulmonic adj.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)pʌlˈmɒnɪk/

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)pʊlˈmɒnɪk/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊpəlˈmɑnɪk/

= gastro-pulmonary adj.

ΚΠ

1854 J. S. Bushnan in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature II. 54 The first..is termed the gastro-pulmonic membrane.

gastrorrhagia n.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrəˈreɪdʒ(ɪ)ə/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstrəˈreɪdʒ(i)ə/

(see quot.).

ΚΠ

1906 H. J. Paterson Gastric Surg. 53 Gastrorrhagia, or gastric hæmorrhage.

Categories »

gastro-splenic adj.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˈsplɛnɪk/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊˈsplɛnɪk/

pertaining to the stomach and to the spleen.

gastrosplenic omentum n.

Brit.

/ɡastrə(ʊ)ˌsplɛnɪk əʊˈmɛntəm/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊˌsplɛnɪk oʊˈmɛn(t)əm/

connecting the cardiac end of the stomach with the spleen.

ΚΠ

1844 R. D. Hoblyn Dict. Terms Med. & Collateral Sci. (ed. 2) Gastro-splenic omenta..the laminæ of the peritoneum, which are comprised between the spleen and the stomach.

gastrostaxis n.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˈstaksɪs/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊˈstæksəs/

[Greek στάξις a dripping] oozing of blood through the mucous membrane of the stomach.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [noun] > bleeding or flow of blood > intravasation or extravasation

bloodshot1611

diapedesis1625

intravasation1674

extravasation1676

apoplexy1853

transmigration1890

gastrostaxis1906

insudation1966

1906 W. H. White in Lancet 3 Nov. 1190/1 Sir Cooper Perry kindly suggested to me that the disease might be called gastrostaxis.

1929 A. F. Hurst & M. J. Stewart Gastric & Duodenal Ulcer iii. iii. 82 Many cases of so-called ‘gastrostaxis’, i.e. gastric hæmorrhage without easily recognizable lesion, are due to bleeding from innumerable microscopic lesions.

1960 F. A. Jones & J. W. P. Gummer Clin. Gastroenterol. xiii. 395 Patients with small acute ulcers, diffuse erosive gastritis, and also gastrostaxis with diffuse mucosal bleeding.

gastro-vascular adj.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˈvaskᵿlə/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊˈvæskjələr/

pertaining jointly to the abdominal cavity and to a vessel.

ΚΠ

1876 P. J. Van Beneden Animal Parasites & Messmates 47 The Cydippe densa..lodges in its gastro-vascular apparatus larvæ of annelids.

Draft additions September 2018

gastro-oesophageal reflux disease n.

Brit.

/ˌɡastrəʊᵻsɒfədʒiːəl ˈriːflʌks dᵻˌziːz/

/ˌɡastrəʊiːsɒfədʒiːəl ˈriːflʌks dᵻˌziːz/

U.S.

/ˌɡæstroʊəˌsɑfəˌdʒiəl ˈriˌfləks dəˌziz/

(also gastroesophageal reflux disease) inflammation, ulceration, or other pathological changes resulting from reflux of the acidic contents of the stomach into the oesophagus; cf. reflux oesophagitis n. at reflux n. Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1975 Excerpta Medica: Gastroenterol. 8 128/1 Most of the atypically localized ulcers are found with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

1993 Brit. Jrnl. Surg. 80 46/1 Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is the most common oesophageal disorder.

2007 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. 23 Jan. a5/2 Prepulsid is a ‘prokinetic’ or motility agent that was often prescribed by physicians to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online September 2020).

单词	gastro-
释义	gastro-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Forms: rarely before a vowel gastr-. Etymology: Combining form of Greek γαστ(ε)ρ-, γαστήρ, belly, stomach. In many modern terms of Anatomy, Pathology, etc. gastro-catarrhal adj. Brit. /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)kəˈtɑːrəl/ , /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)kəˈtɑːrl̩/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊkəˈtɑrəl/ connected with gastric catarrh. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [adjective] > mucous discharge > catarrh phlegmatica1398 rheumatic?a1425 catarrhal1651 gastro-catarrhal1833 1833 J. Forbes et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. II. 337/1 One of the most frequent forms of disease in Dublin is that which may be termed the gastro-catarrhal fever. gastrocele n. Brit. /ˈɡastrəsiːl/ , U.S. /ˈɡæstrəˌsil/ [Greek κήλη tumour] (see quot.). ΚΠ 1807 S. Cooper First Lines Pract. Surg. I. ii. xxxiv. 363 When a hernia contains the stomach,..it is sometimes named.., gastrocele. Categories » gastrocentrous adj. Brit. /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˈsɛntrəs/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊˈsɛntrəs/ (see quot.). gastro-colic adj. Brit. /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˈkɒlɪk/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊˈkɑlɪk/ [Greek κόλον the colon] pertaining to the stomach and to the colon. gastrocolic omentum n. a fatty, highly folded part of the omentum connecting the lower part of the stomach to the transverse colon. ΚΠ 1846 W. M. Buchanan Technol. Dict. Gastrocolic, an epithet for the great omentum, because it passes from the gaster or stomach to the arch of the colon. gastro-colostomy n. Brit. /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)kəˈlɒstəmi/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊkəˈlɑstəmi/ (see quot.). ΚΠ 1896 A. E. Maylard Surg. Alim. Canal 249 When the junction is with the ileum, it is strictly a gastro-ileostomy; and when with the colon, a gastro-colostomy. gastrodiaphane n. Brit. /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˈdʌɪəfeɪn/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊˈdaɪəˌfeɪn/ [Greek διαϕανής translucent] an instrument for illuminating the inside of the stomach in order that its outline may be seen through the abdominal wall. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > examination > [noun] > passing light through organ > instrument for illuminating inside gastrodiaphane1892 1892 M. Manges tr. C. A. Ewald Dis. Stomach ii. 63 The use of the gastrodiaphane has been suggested by Einhorn. This instrument consists of a small electric light, which is introduced into the stomach; the contours of this organ are outlined by the light shining through the gastric wall and the abdominal parietes. gastrodiaphany n. Brit. /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)dʌɪˈafəni/ , /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)dʌɪˈafn̩i/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊdaɪˈæfəni/ ΚΠ 1894 G. M. Gould Dict. Med. Gastrodiaphany, a method of exploration of the stomach by means of the gastrodiaphane. 1896 A. E. Maylard Treat. Surg. Alim. Canal 156 Gastrodiaphany..has received up to the present but a very limited trial. 1904 Nature 4 Aug. 316/2 This includes the ordinary clinical methods and the examination by the Röntgen rays and by so-called gastro-diaphany. gastro-duodenal adj. Brit. /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)djuːəˈdiːnl/ , /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)dʒuːəˈdiːnl/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊˌd(j)uəˈdin(ə)l/ , /ˌɡæstroʊd(j)uˈɑdn̩(ə)l/ pertaining to the stomach and to the duodenum. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > stomach or belly > [adjective] wamedc1420 stomached?1529 stomachal1582 stomachical1601 gastric1656 stomachic1656 monogastric1814 ventricular1822 gasteral1828 perigastric1852 gastro-duodenal1854 gastrophrenic1854 opisthogastric1857 ventric1869 intragastric1900 oesophagogastric1954 nasogastric1958 tummied1975 the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > intestines > [adjective] > duodenum duodenal1843 gastro-duodenal1854 1854 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Gastro-Duodenalis..gastro-duodenal. 1882 Quain's Elements Anat. (ed. 9) I. 436 The gastro-duodenal artery descends near the pylorus behind the first part of the duodenum. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 367 The jaundice was due..to gastro-duodenal catarrh. gastro-duodenitis n. Brit. /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)djuːədᵻˈnʌɪtᵻs/ , /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)dʒuːədᵻˈnʌɪtᵻs/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊd(j)uˌɑdnˈaɪdᵻs/ , /ˌɡæstroʊˌd(j)uədəˈnaɪdᵻs/ inflammation of the stomach and duodenum. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of stomach > [noun] > inflammation gastritis1806 gastro-enteritis1825 gastro-duodenitis1834 flu1921 1834 S. Cooper Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) II. 175 (note) Gastro-duodenitis may exist without jaundice. gastro-duodenostomy n. Brit. /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˌdjuːədᵻˈnɒstəmi/ , /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˌdʒuːədᵻˈnɒstəmi/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊd(j)uˌɑdnˈɑstəmi/ , /ˌɡæstroʊˌd(j)uədəˈnɑstəmi/ the surgical creation of a passage between the stomach and the duodenum. ΚΠ 1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. I Gastroduodenostomy. 1903 Lancet 29 Aug. 591/2 We rapidly considered the relative advantage of pyloroplasty..and gastro-duodenostomy. gastro-enteric adj. Brit. /ˌɡastrəʊɛnˈtɛrɪk/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊɛnˈtɛrɪk/ pertaining to the stomach and intestines. ΚΠ 1833 J. Forbes et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. II. 343/1 Gastro-enteric inflammation. 1854 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Gastrentericus..gastrenteric. gastro-enteritis n. Brit. /ˌɡastrəʊɛntəˈrʌɪtᵻs/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊˌɛn(t)əˈraɪdᵻs/ inflammation of the stomach and intestines. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of stomach > [noun] > inflammation gastritis1806 gastro-enteritis1825 gastro-duodenitis1834 flu1921 1825 J. M. Good Study Med. (ed. 2) II. 469 Gastro-enteritis..exists without any painful point, when [etc.]. gastro-enteritic adj. Brit. /ˌɡastrəʊɛntəˈrɪtɪk/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊˌɛn(t)əˈrɪdɪk/ ΚΠ 1854 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Gastrenteriticus..gastrenteritic. 1861 T. J. Graham Pract. Med. 629 We hear of..mucous, gastro-enteritic [fevers]. gastro-enterology n. Brit. /ˌɡastrəʊɛntəˈrɒlədʒi/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊˌɛn(t)əˈrɑlədʒi/ the branch of medicine dealing with the stomach and intestines and their pathology. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > art or science of medicine > [noun] > branches dealing with specific parts haematology1811 dermatology1813 cardiology1837 laryngology1842 pharyngology1842 glossology1844 haematics1854 urology1855 odontonosology1857 otiatrics1857 otiatry1857 trichology1860 trichopathy1860 urinology1860 psychoneurology1865 otology1874 rhinology1874 rhinolaryngology1888 sphygmology1890 otolaryngology1897 proctology1899 otorhinolaryngology1900 gastro-enterology1904 neuroendocrinology1922 urodynamics1954 pulmonology1955 psychoneuroendocrinology1970 1904 Appleton's Med. Dict. Gastroenterology, the pathology, etc., of the stomach and intestines. 1908 Practitioner Feb. 283 The student of gastro-enterology. 1952 F. A. Jones Mod. Trends Gastro-enterol. p. xiii In many countries, as in Great-Britain, gastro-enterology is not an established speciality..but remains within the sphere of general medicine and surgery. gastro-enterological adj. Brit. /ˌɡastrəʊˌɛntərəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊˌɛn(t)ərəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/ ΚΠ 1927 F. F. Imianitoff tr. J. Rachet Pract. Gastrosc. p. vi Gastro-enterological endoscopy. gastro-enterologist n. Brit. /ˌɡastrəʊɛntəˈrɒlədʒɪst/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊˌɛn(t)əˈrɑlədʒəst/ ΚΠ 1935 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 2 Feb. 402/2 This dictum of the gastro-enterologists. gastro-enterostomy n. Brit. /ˌɡastrəʊɛntəˈrɒstəmi/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊˌɛn(t)əˈrɑstəmi/ [Greek ἔντερον intestine + στόμα mouth + -y suffix³] ‘the formation of a permanent mouth, or fistulous opening, connecting the duodenum and the stomach, when the pylorus is obstructed’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1885). ΚΠ 1886 Braithwaite's Med. Retrospect. XCII. 40 Duodenostomy, gastrostomy for the passage of a tube, and complete gastrectomy, should all be replaced by gastro-enterostomy. 1893 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 1 Apr. 50/2 After gastro-enterostomy the contents of the stomach often pass into the..pyloric limb of the attached loop of intestine. gastro-enterotomy n. Brit. /ˌɡastrəʊɛntəˈrɒtəmi/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊˌɛn(t)əˈrɑdəmi/ ‘the opening of the intestine through the abdominal walls’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1885). ΚΠ 1876 Clin. Soc. Trans. 9 109 Gastro-Enterotomy (artificial anus in the small intestine). gastro-epiploic adj. Brit. /ˌɡastrəʊɛpᵻˈpləʊɪk/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊˌɛpəˈploʊɪk/ pertaining to the stomach and to the epiploon. ΚΠ 1656 T. Blount Glossographia at Vein Gastrepiploick vein. 1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 194/2 It [the hepatic artery] gives two..branches called the pyloric and the right gastro-epiploic. gastro-gastrostomy n. Brit. /ˌɡastrəʊɡaˈstrɒstəmi/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊɡæˈstrɑstəmi/ (see quot. 1900). ΚΠ 1900 W. A. N. Dorland Amer. Illustr. Med. Dict. 274/1 Gastrogastrostomy, the formation of an anastomosis between the pyloric and cardiac ends of the stomach, performed for hour-glass contraction of the stomach. 1902 C. Watson Encycl. Medica XI. 454 Gastro-anastomosis or Gastro-gastrostomy (Wölfler)..consists in making a free communication between the two compartments of an hour-glass stomach. 1921 J. Sherren Lect. Surg. Stomach & Duodenum iii. 35 If there is a double hour-glass stomach,..double gastrojejunostomy should be performed if this operation is indicated. Plastic operations on the stomach, such as gastro-gastrostomy, should not be done. gastro-hepatic adj. Brit. /ˌɡastrəʊhᵻˈpatɪk/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊhəˈpædɪk/ pertaining to the stomach and to the liver. gastrohepatic omentum n. connecting the liver to the upper part of the stomach. ΚΠ 1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 502/2 A defined margin terminates the gastro-hepatic omentum on the right side. gastro-hysterotomy n. Brit. /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)hɪstəˈrɒtəmi/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊˌhɪstəˈrɑdəmi/ the Cæsarean operation: see Caesarean adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [noun] > operations on sex organs > operations on female sex organs > obstetrical operations Caesarean birth1661 hysterotomy1707 embryotomy1765 embryoctony1788 omphalotomy1828 cephalotomy1836 synchondrotomy1842 symphysiotomy1846 pelviotomy1847 version1853 gastro-hysterotomy1854 craniotomy1855 cranioclasm1860 pubiotomy1865 cephalotripsy1876 episiotomy1878 cleidotomy1901 Caesarean1923 Caesar1952 C-section1960 section1960 vacuum extraction1961 1854 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Gastro-hysterotomia..gastro-hysterotomy. gastro-ileostomy n. Brit. /ˌɡastrəʊɪlɪˈɒstəmi/ , /ˌɡastrəʊʌɪlɪˈɒstəmi/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊˌɪliˈɑstəmi/ the surgical creation of a passage between the stomach and the ileum. ΚΠ 1896 A. E. Maylard Treat. Surg. Alim. Canal 249 When the junction is with the ileum, it is strictly a gastro-ileostomy. 1957 H. A. Davis Princ. Surg. Physiol. xvii. 453 The unintentional performance of a gastro-ileostomy often results in the development of an ileal ulcer or an ileitis. gastro-intestinal adj. Brit. /ˌɡastrəʊɪnˈtɛstᵻnl/ , /ˌɡastrəʊɪntɛˈstʌɪnl/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊᵻnˈtɛstən(ə)l/ = gastro-enteric adj. ΚΠ 1829 J. Togno & E. Durand tr. H. Milne-Edwards & P. Vavasseur Man. Materia Medica 213 A lively irritation of the gastro-intestinal surface. 1869 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 485 Anything which causes gastro-intestinal disorder. gastro-jejunal adj. Brit. /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)dʒᵻˈdʒuːnl/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊdʒəˈdʒun(ə)l/ pertaining to or involving both the stomach and the jejunum. ΚΠ 1908 Practitioner Sept. 450 The original posterior gastro-jejunal opening had closed. gastro-jejunostomy n. Brit. /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˌdʒɪdʒuːˈnɒstəmi/ , /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˌdʒɪdʒᵿˈnɒstəmi/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊdʒədʒuˈnɑstəmi/ , /ˌɡæstroʊˌdʒɛdʒuˈnɑstəmi/ the surgical creation of a passage between the stomach and the jejunum. ΚΠ 1891 Lancet 2 May 988/2 The growth having much increased and the stomach being greatly dilated, gastro-jejunostomy was performed. 1921Gastrojejunostomy [see gastro-gastrostomy n.]. gastro-œsophageal adj. Brit. /ˌɡastrəʊᵻsɒfəˈdʒiːəl/ , /ˌɡastrəʊiːsɒfəˈdʒiːəl/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊəˌsɑfəˈdʒiəl/ pertaining to or involving both the stomach and the œsophagus. ΚΠ 1889 Cent. Dict. Gastro-esophageal. 1962 Lancet 1 Dec. 1178/2 He has made a particular study of gastroœsophageal disorders in children. gastropexy n. Brit. /ˈɡastrə(ʊ)pɛksi/ , U.S. /ˈɡæstrəˌpɛksi/ [see -pexy comb. form] an operation for restoring a prolapsed stomach to its proper position by suturing it to the abdominal wall. ΚΠ 1896 A. E. Maylard Treat. Surg. Alim. Canal 225 An operation termed gastropexy has been performed by Duret for certain cases of displacement and dilatation. 1908 Practitioner Sept. 440 For ptosis and atony of the stomach, gastro-enterostomy is preferable to gastropexy or gastroplication alone. gastrophrenic adj. Brit. /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˈfrɛnɪk/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstrəˈfrɛnɪk/ pertaining to the stomach and to the diaphragm. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > internal organs > diaphragm > [adjective] diaphragmatic1656 phrenic1685 frenetic1704 gastrophrenic1854 diaphragmal1890 cardiodiaphragmatic1907 the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > stomach or belly > [adjective] wamedc1420 stomached?1529 stomachal1582 stomachical1601 gastric1656 stomachic1656 monogastric1814 ventricular1822 gasteral1828 perigastric1852 gastro-duodenal1854 gastrophrenic1854 opisthogastric1857 ventric1869 intragastric1900 oesophagogastric1954 nasogastric1958 tummied1975 1854 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Gastro-phrenicus..gastro-phrenic. 1882 Quain's Elements Anat. (ed. 9) II. 727 A small duplicature to the left of the œsophagus, named the gastro-phrenic ligament. gastroplication n. Brit. /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)plᵻˈkeɪʃn/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊpləˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ [Latin plicāre to fold] an operation for reducing the capacity of the stomach by sewing together folds made in the stomach wall. ΚΠ 1896 A. E. Maylard Treat. Surg. Alim. Canal 248 Brandt also records a successful case [sc. of gastrorrhaphy] under the title of gastroplication. 1903 tr. F. Riegel Dis. Stomach i. 284 The operation of Bircher consists in reducing the capacity of the stomach by constructing folds in the stomach-wall and sewing these reduplications together (gastroplication). Categories » gastro-pneumonic adj. Brit. /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)njuːˈmɒnɪk/ , /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)njᵿˈmɒnɪk/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊn(j)uˈmɑnɪk/ pertaining to the stomach and to the lungs. gastroptosis n. Brit. /ˌɡastrɒpˈtəʊsɪs/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstrɑpˈtoʊsəs/ [ptosis n.] a downward displacement of the stomach. ΚΠ 1900 C. Watson Encycl. Medica V. 207 In dilatation and gastroptosis the location of the pain approaches nearer to the umbilicus. 1909 W. Osler & T. McCrae Syst. Med. V. 608 Gastroptosis, although one of the less frequently recognized of the visceral ptoses, is one of the most important as regards symptomatology. 1927 S. Wyard Handbk. Dis. Stomach vii. 170 Gastroptosis..occurs as an isolated phenomenon or in association with a downward displacement of certain of the other viscera as well, e.g. intestines, kidneys, etc. gastro-pulmonary adj. Brit. /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˈpʌlmən(ə)ri/ , /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˈpʊlmən(ə)ri/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊˈpəlməˌnɛri/ ΚΠ 1839 W. E. Horner & J. Pancoast Wistar's Syst. Anat. for Students (ed. 7) II. 62 The mucous membranes..may be reduced to two great divisions, namely the gastro-pulmonary and the genito-urinary. gastro-pulmonic adj. Brit. /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)pʌlˈmɒnɪk/ , /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)pʊlˈmɒnɪk/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊpəlˈmɑnɪk/ = gastro-pulmonary adj. ΚΠ 1854 J. S. Bushnan in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature II. 54 The first..is termed the gastro-pulmonic membrane. gastrorrhagia n. Brit. /ˌɡastrəˈreɪdʒ(ɪ)ə/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstrəˈreɪdʒ(i)ə/ (see quot.). ΚΠ 1906 H. J. Paterson Gastric Surg. 53 Gastrorrhagia, or gastric hæmorrhage. Categories » gastro-splenic adj. Brit. /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˈsplɛnɪk/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊˈsplɛnɪk/ pertaining to the stomach and to the spleen. gastrosplenic omentum n. Brit. /ɡastrə(ʊ)ˌsplɛnɪk əʊˈmɛntəm/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊˌsplɛnɪk oʊˈmɛn(t)əm/ connecting the cardiac end of the stomach with the spleen. ΚΠ 1844 R. D. Hoblyn Dict. Terms Med. & Collateral Sci. (ed. 2) Gastro-splenic omenta..the laminæ of the peritoneum, which are comprised between the spleen and the stomach. gastrostaxis n. Brit. /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˈstaksɪs/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊˈstæksəs/ [Greek στάξις a dripping] oozing of blood through the mucous membrane of the stomach. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [noun] > bleeding or flow of blood > intravasation or extravasation bloodshot1611 diapedesis1625 intravasation1674 extravasation1676 apoplexy1853 transmigration1890 gastrostaxis1906 insudation1966 1906 W. H. White in Lancet 3 Nov. 1190/1 Sir Cooper Perry kindly suggested to me that the disease might be called gastrostaxis. 1929 A. F. Hurst & M. J. Stewart Gastric & Duodenal Ulcer iii. iii. 82 Many cases of so-called ‘gastrostaxis’, i.e. gastric hæmorrhage without easily recognizable lesion, are due to bleeding from innumerable microscopic lesions. 1960 F. A. Jones & J. W. P. Gummer Clin. Gastroenterol. xiii. 395 Patients with small acute ulcers, diffuse erosive gastritis, and also gastrostaxis with diffuse mucosal bleeding. gastro-vascular adj. Brit. /ˌɡastrə(ʊ)ˈvaskᵿlə/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊˈvæskjələr/ pertaining jointly to the abdominal cavity and to a vessel. ΚΠ 1876 P. J. Van Beneden Animal Parasites & Messmates 47 The Cydippe densa..lodges in its gastro-vascular apparatus larvæ of annelids. Draft additions September 2018 gastro-oesophageal reflux disease n. Brit. /ˌɡastrəʊᵻsɒfədʒiːəl ˈriːflʌks dᵻˌziːz/ , /ˌɡastrəʊiːsɒfədʒiːəl ˈriːflʌks dᵻˌziːz/ , U.S. /ˌɡæstroʊəˌsɑfəˌdʒiəl ˈriˌfləks dəˌziz/ (also gastroesophageal reflux disease) inflammation, ulceration, or other pathological changes resulting from reflux of the acidic contents of the stomach into the oesophagus; cf. reflux oesophagitis n. at reflux n. Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1975 Excerpta Medica: Gastroenterol. 8 128/1 Most of the atypically localized ulcers are found with gastroesophageal reflux disease. 1993 Brit. Jrnl. Surg. 80 46/1 Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is the most common oesophageal disorder. 2007 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. 23 Jan. a5/2 Prepulsid is a ‘prokinetic’ or motility agent that was often prescribed by physicians to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online September 2020). < comb. form1656
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