geniculateadj.n.

Brit.

/dʒᵻˈnɪkjᵿlət/, U.S.

/dʒəˈnɪkjələt/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin geniculātus.

Etymology: < classical Latin geniculātus (of the stems of plants) having knots or nodes, knotted, in post-classical Latin also (of a river) curved like a knee (4th cent.) < geniculum (see geniculum n.) + -ātus -ate suffix². Compare geniculated adj.

A. adj.

1. Chiefly Botany and Zoology. Having nodes or joints, esp. with an angle at each; bent or curved (like a knee). Also: located near or in an angle of a structure (cf. genu n.).geniculate body, ganglion, nucleus: see Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > physical arrangement or condition > [adjective] > bent or jointed

geniculate1657

geniculated1657

genicular1817

geniculating1835

geniculant1853

1657 [implied in: R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Medicinal Dispensatory 314 Geniculately [L. geniculatim] circumvesting the internodia of the cauls. (at geniculately adv.)].

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. ii. iv. §3. 75 A scarlet flower..with a geniculate stalk.

1702 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 23 1169 The Roots of Orris are Geniculate like Grass.

1777 S. Robson Brit. Flora iii. 247 Hermaphrodite floret mutic, male one awned, awn geniculate.

1819 J. M. Good et al. Pantologia (new ed.) at Conops Mouth with a projecting, geniculate proboscis.

1831 D. Craigie Elements Anat. 128/2 The white bands are the optic tracts or origins of the optic nerve, issuing from the geniculate tubercles.

1857 M. J. Berkeley Introd. Cryptogamic Bot. 153 The threads become geniculate, and unite at the two bends.

1923 A. D. MacGillivray External Insect Anat. iii. 79 When the ring-segments are wanting and the antenna is geniculate.

1934 N.Z. Jrnl. Sci. & Technol. 15 353 Striations [in the mineral rutile] formed by repeated geniculation are also developed, but typical geniculate twins are rare.

1971 R. F. Harwood in R. E. Pfadt Fund. Appl. Entomol. (ed. 2) ii. 32 Variations include club-shaped or clavate, head-shaped or capitate, elbowed or geniculate, plate-like or lamellate, [etc.].

2011 A. Haines et al. Flora Novae Angliae (New Eng. Wildflower Soc.) 231 Plants annual, with geniculate, branched stems.

2. Anatomy and Physiology. Of or relating to a geniculate nucleus (see Compounds).

ΚΠ

1919 Lancet 27 Dec. 1204/1 In the case of a young girl suffering from glioma one could state that there was pressure upon the geniculate pathway and not upon the chiasma.

1943 Yale Jrnl. Med. & Biol. 15 615 (title) The lateral geniculate complex in the spider monkey, Ateles ater.

1972 H. Davson Physiol. of Eye (ed. 3) iv. 502 Increasing the size of spot..has almost completely inhibited the geniculate response, but had only slight effect on the tract fibre.

1998 J. H. Austin Zen & Brain (1999) lxxxiii. 369 Geniculate nerve cells can be tuned to fire in single spikes, not in bursts of spikes.

B. n.

Anatomy. = geniculate nucleus n. at Compounds; esp. the lateral geniculate nucleus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > brain > parts of brain > [noun] > thalamus > parts of optic thalamus

habena1839

pulvinar1875

habenula1876

geniculate1926

1926 Jrnl. Neurol. & Psychopathol. 7 59 The geniculate is also connected with the supramarginal and angular gyri, and with the second and third temporal convolutions.

1974 V. B. Mountcastle et al. Med. Physiol. (ed. 13) I. vi. 201/1 Optic tract fibers in the lateral geniculate.

1988 Nature 6 Oct. 489/3 Cells in the geniculate's parvocellular division are more sensitive to colour and have higher acuity.

2004 D. H. Hubel & T. N. Wiesel Brain & Visual Perception ix. 93/1 While perhaps less complex than the retina or cortex, the geniculate is histologically far from the simple structure that the term ‘way-station’ would imply.

Compounds

geniculate body n. [after scientific Latin corpus geniculatum (1808 or earlier; compare earlier use (with slightly different sense) in J. D. Santorini Observationes anatomicae (1724) iii. 63)] Anatomy = geniculate nucleus n.

ΚΠ

1824 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 21 138 Santorini, we believe, was the first who observed that the posterior part of the optic couch was terminated by a projection or process, which he named the jointed or geniculate body.

1856 R. B. Todd & W. Bowman Physiol. Anat. II. 38 The optic tracts are connected with the optic thalami chiefly through the geniculate bodies.

1921 A. Keith Human Embryol. (ed. 4) ix. 103 In the upper region will be differentiated the optic thalamus, the epithalamus..and the metathalamus or geniculate bodies.

2006 G. Buzsáki Rhythms of Brain vii. 189 The most direct evidence for the model, using dual intracellular recordings, was obtained from slices of the geniculate body of the ferret.

geniculate ganglion n. [after scientific Latin ganglion geniculatum (1840 or earlier)] Anatomy a small ganglion situated at an angle in the facial nerve.

ΚΠ

1846 Brit. & Foreign Med. Rev. 22 281 After the formation of the geniculate ganglion, the trunk and branches of the facial contain both sensitive and motor fibres continued from its roots.

1955 R. Macintosh & M. Ostlere Local Analgesia Head & Neck ii. 26 The nerve shows a pronounced swelling—the geniculate ganglion—in which are the cell stations of the taste fibres.

2008 J. D. Fix Neuroanatomy (ed. 4) xiii. 183 All first-order sensory neurons are found in the geniculate ganglion within the temporal bone.

geniculate nucleus n. Anatomy (a) (more fully lateral geniculate nucleus or external geniculate nucleus) a small oval eminence of grey matter located on the posterior and inferior surface of the thalamus, forming part of the optic tract; (b) (in full medial geniculate nucleus or internal geniculate nucleus) a similar eminence of grey matter located medial to the lateral geniculate nucleus and forming part of the auditory tract.

ΚΠ

1881 J. Ross Treat. Dis. Nerv. Syst. viii. 644 A large tumour of the lenticular nucleus might compress the optic tract, either at its origin in the external geniculate nucleus, or as it winds round the crus cerebri.

1906 J. H. Macdonald tr. L. Bianchi Text-bk. Psychiatry i. i. 40 The internal root [of the optic tract] can be followed as far as the internal geniculate nucleus.

1929 C. U. A. Kappers Evol. Nerv. Syst. 151 In the midbrain the medial geniculate nucleus appears and the nucl. ruber enlarges considerably as a center of cerebellar projections to the cortex (and striatum).

1972 Brain Res. 31 85 The inferior pulvinar is bordered ventromedially by the medial geniculate nucleus and rostrally by the lateral geniculate.

2006 New Scientist 6 May 34/2 The calcarine sulcus contains much of the visual cortex, which receives signals from the retina of the eye via the optic nerve and lateral geniculate nucleus.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	geniculate
释义	geniculateadj.n. Brit. /dʒᵻˈnɪkjᵿlət/, U.S. /dʒəˈnɪkjələt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin geniculātus. Etymology: < classical Latin geniculātus (of the stems of plants) having knots or nodes, knotted, in post-classical Latin also (of a river) curved like a knee (4th cent.) < geniculum (see geniculum n.) + -ātus -ate suffix². Compare geniculated adj. A. adj. 1. Chiefly Botany and Zoology. Having nodes or joints, esp. with an angle at each; bent or curved (like a knee). Also: located near or in an angle of a structure (cf. genu n.).geniculate body, ganglion, nucleus: see Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > physical arrangement or condition > [adjective] > bent or jointed geniculate1657 geniculated1657 genicular1817 geniculating1835 geniculant1853 1657 [implied in: R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Medicinal Dispensatory 314 Geniculately [L. geniculatim] circumvesting the internodia of the cauls. (at geniculately adv.)]. 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. ii. iv. §3. 75 A scarlet flower..with a geniculate stalk. 1702 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 23 1169 The Roots of Orris are Geniculate like Grass. 1777 S. Robson Brit. Flora iii. 247 Hermaphrodite floret mutic, male one awned, awn geniculate. 1819 J. M. Good et al. Pantologia (new ed.) at Conops Mouth with a projecting, geniculate proboscis. 1831 D. Craigie Elements Anat. 128/2 The white bands are the optic tracts or origins of the optic nerve, issuing from the geniculate tubercles. 1857 M. J. Berkeley Introd. Cryptogamic Bot. 153 The threads become geniculate, and unite at the two bends. 1923 A. D. MacGillivray External Insect Anat. iii. 79 When the ring-segments are wanting and the antenna is geniculate. 1934 N.Z. Jrnl. Sci. & Technol. 15 353 Striations [in the mineral rutile] formed by repeated geniculation are also developed, but typical geniculate twins are rare. 1971 R. F. Harwood in R. E. Pfadt Fund. Appl. Entomol. (ed. 2) ii. 32 Variations include club-shaped or clavate, head-shaped or capitate, elbowed or geniculate, plate-like or lamellate, [etc.]. 2011 A. Haines et al. Flora Novae Angliae (New Eng. Wildflower Soc.) 231 Plants annual, with geniculate, branched stems. 2. Anatomy and Physiology. Of or relating to a geniculate nucleus (see Compounds). ΚΠ 1919 Lancet 27 Dec. 1204/1 In the case of a young girl suffering from glioma one could state that there was pressure upon the geniculate pathway and not upon the chiasma. 1943 Yale Jrnl. Med. & Biol. 15 615 (title) The lateral geniculate complex in the spider monkey, Ateles ater. 1972 H. Davson Physiol. of Eye (ed. 3) iv. 502 Increasing the size of spot..has almost completely inhibited the geniculate response, but had only slight effect on the tract fibre. 1998 J. H. Austin Zen & Brain (1999) lxxxiii. 369 Geniculate nerve cells can be tuned to fire in single spikes, not in bursts of spikes. B. n. Anatomy. = geniculate nucleus n. at Compounds; esp. the lateral geniculate nucleus. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > brain > parts of brain > [noun] > thalamus > parts of optic thalamus habena1839 pulvinar1875 habenula1876 geniculate1926 1926 Jrnl. Neurol. & Psychopathol. 7 59 The geniculate is also connected with the supramarginal and angular gyri, and with the second and third temporal convolutions. 1974 V. B. Mountcastle et al. Med. Physiol. (ed. 13) I. vi. 201/1 Optic tract fibers in the lateral geniculate. 1988 Nature 6 Oct. 489/3 Cells in the geniculate's parvocellular division are more sensitive to colour and have higher acuity. 2004 D. H. Hubel & T. N. Wiesel Brain & Visual Perception ix. 93/1 While perhaps less complex than the retina or cortex, the geniculate is histologically far from the simple structure that the term ‘way-station’ would imply. Compounds geniculate body n. [after scientific Latin corpus geniculatum (1808 or earlier; compare earlier use (with slightly different sense) in J. D. Santorini Observationes anatomicae (1724) iii. 63)] Anatomy = geniculate nucleus n. ΚΠ 1824 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 21 138 Santorini, we believe, was the first who observed that the posterior part of the optic couch was terminated by a projection or process, which he named the jointed or geniculate body. 1856 R. B. Todd & W. Bowman Physiol. Anat. II. 38 The optic tracts are connected with the optic thalami chiefly through the geniculate bodies. 1921 A. Keith Human Embryol. (ed. 4) ix. 103 In the upper region will be differentiated the optic thalamus, the epithalamus..and the metathalamus or geniculate bodies. 2006 G. Buzsáki Rhythms of Brain vii. 189 The most direct evidence for the model, using dual intracellular recordings, was obtained from slices of the geniculate body of the ferret. geniculate ganglion n. [after scientific Latin ganglion geniculatum (1840 or earlier)] Anatomy a small ganglion situated at an angle in the facial nerve. ΚΠ 1846 Brit. & Foreign Med. Rev. 22 281 After the formation of the geniculate ganglion, the trunk and branches of the facial contain both sensitive and motor fibres continued from its roots. 1955 R. Macintosh & M. Ostlere Local Analgesia Head & Neck ii. 26 The nerve shows a pronounced swelling—the geniculate ganglion—in which are the cell stations of the taste fibres. 2008 J. D. Fix Neuroanatomy (ed. 4) xiii. 183 All first-order sensory neurons are found in the geniculate ganglion within the temporal bone. geniculate nucleus n. Anatomy (a) (more fully lateral geniculate nucleus or external geniculate nucleus) a small oval eminence of grey matter located on the posterior and inferior surface of the thalamus, forming part of the optic tract; (b) (in full medial geniculate nucleus or internal geniculate nucleus) a similar eminence of grey matter located medial to the lateral geniculate nucleus and forming part of the auditory tract. ΚΠ 1881 J. Ross Treat. Dis. Nerv. Syst. viii. 644 A large tumour of the lenticular nucleus might compress the optic tract, either at its origin in the external geniculate nucleus, or as it winds round the crus cerebri. 1906 J. H. Macdonald tr. L. Bianchi Text-bk. Psychiatry i. i. 40 The internal root [of the optic tract] can be followed as far as the internal geniculate nucleus. 1929 C. U. A. Kappers Evol. Nerv. Syst. 151 In the midbrain the medial geniculate nucleus appears and the nucl. ruber enlarges considerably as a center of cerebellar projections to the cortex (and striatum). 1972 Brain Res. 31 85 The inferior pulvinar is bordered ventromedially by the medial geniculate nucleus and rostrally by the lateral geniculate. 2006 New Scientist 6 May 34/2 The calcarine sulcus contains much of the visual cortex, which receives signals from the retina of the eye via the optic nerve and lateral geniculate nucleus. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022). geniculatev. Brit. /dʒᵻˈnɪkjᵿleɪt/, U.S. /dʒəˈnɪkjəˌleɪt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin geniculat-, geniculare. Etymology: < post-classical Latin geniculat-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of geniculare to bend the knee, kneel (6th cent. or earlier) < classical Latin geniculum (see geniculum n.). Compare earlier geniculation n. Chiefly Zoology (rare before late 19th cent.). intransitive. To form a joint or an angle. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > physical arrangement or condition > [verb (transitive)] > bend or form into joints geniculate1623 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Geniculate, to ioynt. 1889 C. E. Beecher & J. M. Clarke Devel. Silurian Brachiopoda 19 Ventral valve usually convex..and with the marginal portion produced and abruptly bent downwards, geniculating with the dorsal valve. 1901 Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 19 186 Anterior antennæ each geniculating at two points. 1998 Crustaceana 71 695 Right antennule..composed of 22 segments, geniculating between 18th and 19th segments. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1657v.1623
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geniculateadj.n.

Compounds

geniculatev.