Gaulishadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈɡɔːlɪʃ/, U.S.

/ˈɡɔlɪʃ/,

/ˈɡɑlɪʃ/

Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Or (ii) from a proper name, combined with an English element; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: Gaul n., proper name Gaul , -ish suffix¹.

Etymology: < either Gaul n. or the (etymologically unrelated) place name Gaul (see discussion at Gaul n. and adj.) + -ish suffix¹, after Middle French, French gaulois (see note). Compare earlier Gaul adj. and also Gallic adj.¹Middle French, French gaulois (a1425 as gaullois ) is apparently an alteration (after the place name Gaule : see Gaul n.) of Middle French Galois inhabitant of Gaul (15th cent. in an apparently isolated attestation), which in turn probably continues Old French galeis (adjective and noun), attested chiefly with reference to the language and people of Wales, but also occasionally with reference to the French language, and ultimately reflects a Germanic base that designated non-Germanic languages and their speakers (see Welsh adj. and the discussion at that entry); compare Old French galesche (feminine noun) Gaulish mile (c1230, short for liue galesche).

A. adj.

1. Of or relating to ancient Gaul or the Gauls; designating or relating to the language of ancient Gaul (see sense B.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of ancient or medieval Europe > the Gauls > [adjective]

Celtic?1530

Gaulish1594

Gallican1598

Gaul1601

Gaulic1610

Menapian1709

Gallic1796

Gallo-Roman1841

1594 R. Ashley tr. L. le Roy Interchangeable Course ii. f. 23 The auncient Gaulish [F. Gauloise], Spanish, Persian, and Punick languages are lost.

1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xvi. viii. 68 A Gaulish fortification.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. at Galliard Imagined to be derived from the Gaulish ard, genius, and gay.

1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 19 It was a dogma of the Gaulish Druids that the universe was immortal.

1963 Stud. Philol. 60 516 The OFr forms..are recorded from the 11th century, and traced back to a Gaulish form *druto.

2014 Britannia 45 279 The east portico gutter ‘find’ produced quantities of brand-new Gaulish samian, arranged in stacks.

2. Of, relating to, or characteristic of France or French people; French. Frequently poetic or for humorous effect. Cf. Gallic adj.¹ b, Gaul n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > French nation > [adjective]

FrenchOE

Frenchly1530

Frank1552

Gaulish1656

Gallic1672

parleyvoo1778

Gallo-American1797

Gaulic1840

Gallo-German1861

froggy1937

1656 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age i. i. i. 1 That Gaulish Hercules [sc. K. Henry IV of France; Fr. cet Hercule Gaulois].

1809 Cheltenham Chron. 14 Dec. The Star Marine, of Gaulish hue, Most musically fell.

1908 Daily Tel. 27 Jan. 9/1 Bismarck..knew the Gaulish temperament too well to underestimate its incalculable tendency to sudden recoveries of force.

1988 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 9 May (headline) Outrageous Gaulish gall.

B. n.

The Celtic language spoken in ancient Gaul. In early use, sometimes considered to include the related language of Britain (cf. British n. 1); cf. Celt n.¹ 1b and the note at that sense.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Celtic > Gaulish

Gaulic1610

Gaulish1610

Gallo-Roman1934

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 20 The herbe in Italy, Seratula, in old Gaulish, Vetonica, the Britans and wee doe call Betany. [No corresponding phrase in the Latin original.]

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. i. i. §3. 4 The old Gaulish, or British, which is yet preserved in Wales.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Romans A mixture..of half Latin, half Gaulish, constituted the Romans.

1893 Nation (N.Y.) 12 Jan. 32/3 In Gaulish the word would not be ‘Allobroga’.

1940 Language 16 286 In Gaulish, as in Celtic as a whole, IE p never remains as such.

2006 Daily Tel. 10 Oct. (Features section) 25 The earliest Celtic inscriptions, in Gaulish, Celtiberian and Lepontic..have been found in these same regions.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	gaulish
释义	Gaulishadj.n. Brit. /ˈɡɔːlɪʃ/, U.S. /ˈɡɔlɪʃ/, /ˈɡɑlɪʃ/ Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Or (ii) from a proper name, combined with an English element; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: Gaul n., proper name Gaul , -ish suffix¹. Etymology: < either Gaul n. or the (etymologically unrelated) place name Gaul (see discussion at Gaul n. and adj.) + -ish suffix¹, after Middle French, French gaulois (see note). Compare earlier Gaul adj. and also Gallic adj.¹Middle French, French gaulois (a1425 as gaullois ) is apparently an alteration (after the place name Gaule : see Gaul n.) of Middle French Galois inhabitant of Gaul (15th cent. in an apparently isolated attestation), which in turn probably continues Old French galeis (adjective and noun), attested chiefly with reference to the language and people of Wales, but also occasionally with reference to the French language, and ultimately reflects a Germanic base that designated non-Germanic languages and their speakers (see Welsh adj. and the discussion at that entry); compare Old French galesche (feminine noun) Gaulish mile (c1230, short for liue galesche). A. adj. 1. Of or relating to ancient Gaul or the Gauls; designating or relating to the language of ancient Gaul (see sense B.). ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of ancient or medieval Europe > the Gauls > [adjective] Celtic?1530 Gaulish1594 Gallican1598 Gaul1601 Gaulic1610 Menapian1709 Gallic1796 Gallo-Roman1841 1594 R. Ashley tr. L. le Roy Interchangeable Course ii. f. 23 The auncient Gaulish [F. Gauloise], Spanish, Persian, and Punick languages are lost. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xvi. viii. 68 A Gaulish fortification. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. at Galliard Imagined to be derived from the Gaulish ard, genius, and gay. 1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 19 It was a dogma of the Gaulish Druids that the universe was immortal. 1963 Stud. Philol. 60 516 The OFr forms..are recorded from the 11th century, and traced back to a Gaulish form druto. 2014 Britannia* 45 279 The east portico gutter ‘find’ produced quantities of brand-new Gaulish samian, arranged in stacks. 2. Of, relating to, or characteristic of France or French people; French. Frequently poetic or for humorous effect. Cf. Gallic adj.¹ b, Gaul n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > French nation > [adjective] FrenchOE Frenchly1530 Frank1552 Gaulish1656 Gallic1672 parleyvoo1778 Gallo-American1797 Gaulic1840 Gallo-German1861 froggy1937 1656 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age i. i. i. 1 That Gaulish Hercules [sc. K. Henry IV of France; Fr. cet Hercule Gaulois]. 1809 Cheltenham Chron. 14 Dec. The Star Marine, of Gaulish hue, Most musically fell. 1908 Daily Tel. 27 Jan. 9/1 Bismarck..knew the Gaulish temperament too well to underestimate its incalculable tendency to sudden recoveries of force. 1988 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 9 May (headline) Outrageous Gaulish gall. B. n. The Celtic language spoken in ancient Gaul. In early use, sometimes considered to include the related language of Britain (cf. British n. 1); cf. Celt n.¹ 1b and the note at that sense. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Celtic > Gaulish Gaulic1610 Gaulish1610 Gallo-Roman1934 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 20 The herbe in Italy, Seratula, in old Gaulish, Vetonica, the Britans and wee doe call Betany. [No corresponding phrase in the Latin original.] 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. i. i. §3. 4 The old Gaulish, or British, which is yet preserved in Wales. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Romans A mixture..of half Latin, half Gaulish, constituted the Romans. 1893 Nation (N.Y.) 12 Jan. 32/3 In Gaulish the word would not be ‘Allobroga’. 1940 Language 16 286 In Gaulish, as in Celtic as a whole, IE p never remains as such. 2006 Daily Tel. 10 Oct. (Features section) 25 The earliest Celtic inscriptions, in Gaulish, Celtiberian and Lepontic..have been found in these same regions. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.1594
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