| 释义 |
germaneadj.n. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French germain. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman germayn, germayne, germein, jermain, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French germain (French germain ) (adjective) (of siblings) full ( c1170), (of cousins) of the first degree (late 12th cent. in germain cosin , or earlier), closely related (in germain de (1270 or earlier), germain a ( a1382 or earlier)), (noun) brother ( c1170; also in feminine form germaine sister (1608)), cousin (13th cent. or earlier) < classical Latin germānus (adjective) having the same father and mother, (of brothers and sisters) full, brotherly, sisterly, genuine, real, in post-classical Latin also closely connected, similar (4th cent.), (noun) brother (also as feminine germāna sister) < germen germen n. + -ānus -an suffix. Compare the adjectives Old Occitan german, Catalan germà (13th cent.), Spanish hermano, Portuguese irmão (13th cent.), Italian germano ( a1321), and the nouns Old Occitan germá cousin, Catalan germá, brother, germana sister (both 13th cent.), Spanish hermano brother (10th cent. as iermano), hermana sister (11th cent. as iermana), Portuguese irmão brother (10th cent. as iermano), irmã sister (9th cent. as iermana), Italian germano brother (14th cent., rare), regional (Venice, Lombardy) cousin (16th cent.). With germane brother at sense A. 2 compare classical Latin frāter germānus , Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French frere germain (c1170; French frère germain ); with germane sister at sense A. 2 compare classical Latin germāna soror , Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French suer germaine (c1170; French sœur germaine ). With germane cousin at sense A. 1 compare Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French cosin germain (earliest as germain cosin (see above); French cousin germain ), also cosine germaine , feminine (13th cent. or earlier; French cousine germaine ). Compare brother-german n., sister-german n., and cousin-german n. On the variation of the vowel in the second syllable see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §272, and compare also -ane suffix1. The spelling german, and the pronunciation Brit.  /ˈdʒəːmən/, U.S. /ˈdʒərmən/, remained frequent until at least the end of the 19th cent., especially in senses A. 1 and A. 2, in which it was normally listed as the preferred (or only) spelling by dictionaries (this is still the usual spelling in brother-german n., sister-german n., and cousin-german n.). The increasing preference for α. spellings, and the associated pronunciation, probably happened at least in part to avoid confusion with German adj. A. adj. I. Closely related. society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > cousin > [adjective] > that is a cousin c1330 (?c1300) (Auch.) l. 912 (MED) He is mi germain cosyn. a1555 N. Ridley (1556) 51 This kind of oblation standeth vppon transubstantyacion his germayne coosyn. 1592 W. Wyrley Lord Chandos in 34 Married well vnto sir Charles of Bloys Extract from race right honorable faire, Germaine cosen to Phillip of Valoys. 1615 H. Crooke 158 Hippocrates sayth that milke is German Cousen to the menstruous blood. 1797 ‘A. Pasquin’ 56 As high-blooded Barons treat poor german-cousins. 1799 P. Yorke Index 182 German-cousins excommunicated for marrying each other. 1817 A. Delano xviii. 347 They..threw Don Francis[c]o Masa, his german cousin, Hermenegildo, his relation, and the other wounded persons..overboard alive. 1893 ‘M. Gray’ iv. 46 ‘They were cousins,’ he observed briefly, at the end. ‘German cousins,’ corrected Cissy. ‘German cousins or cousins german, they were first cousins,’ returned Auriol. 2000 C. Adams iii. 90 Marie de Sérézac signed the contract with the advice and ‘authority’ of her mother; her grandmother, Delphine Filhol..and her germane cousins. society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [adjective] > closely society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > sibling > [adjective] > having same parents 1340 (1866) 146 We byeþ alle godes children be adopcion..and children of holy cherche, broþer germayn of uader and of moder.] a1449 J. Lydgate (1934) ii. 652 (MED) To Pertholyne he was germayne brother. a1500 (a1460) (1994) I. v. 58 Iacob, That is thyne awne german brother. ?1548 D. Lindsay sig. C.iiiv The Erle of Anguishe, & his germaine brother I purposed, to ryd them out of thys lyfe. 1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace sig. D.vijv In this thinge onely wee are founde vnlike in iudgmente others, In all thinges els wee tune in one as it were germaine brothers. 1594 W. Clerke ii. 12 German brothers and sisters are betweene themselues in the second generation. 1626 G. Sandys tr. Ovid vi. 117 For him the Nymphs, and german Satyres [L. Satyri fratres] weepe. 1711 T. Wise i. 137 I am heartily sorry..to find how much your Malice works and boils within your Breast, which must needs be very painful; insomuch that to this may truly be apply'd, what the Poet says of Envy, her German Sister. 1736 R. Robinson 65 The German Sister of P. produced the Purchasor. 1754 P. Pineda xxiv. 105 Unto him succeeded Hugh the Forth his German Brother. 1854 7 265 The 40th article of the code, in the case in which the deceased has left no german brothers or sisters, but only paternal or maternal brothers and sisters, has established a complicated mode of partition. 1915 T. Roehl 419 A. Jones Smith, german brother of decedent. 1982 A. Layish xii. 298 A germane brother excludes a consanguine brother or sister, and a germane sister excludes a uterine sister, by the greater strength of the blood-tie. 2005 R. Peters ii. 45 A germane brother and his offspring exclude a consanguine brother. 3. With to, unto. a1470 T. Malory (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 79 Bagdemagus was his cosyne germayne, and unto kynge Uryens.] 1485 (Caxton) ii. xi. sig. diiij Basdemegus was his cosyn and germayn vnto kynge Vryence. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. iv. 773 Those that are Iermaine to him..shall all come vnder the Hang-man. View more context for this quotation the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > [adjective] > apt or apposite a1525 Contempl. Synnaris l. 36 in W. A. Craigie (1925) II. 188 Thow tirrane tressonable and germane to Iudas. 1603 W. Shakespeare v. ii. 120 The worde had beene more cosin german [1604 more Ierman, 1623 more Germaine] to the phrase, if he could haue carried the canon by his side. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. iii. 342 Wert thou a Leopard, thou wert Germane to the Lion. View more context for this quotation 1657 W. Morice Def. §23. 232 For their dear brethren, and such as are germane to them in principles, are most engaged in that guilt [etc.]. 1678 R. Cudworth tr. Philo in i. iv. 466 Let us worship no Beings, that are by Nature Brothers and Germane to us, though endued with far more pure and immortal Essences than we are. 1709 T. D'Urfey ii. 23 I fear the Deformity of your Mind is german to that of your Body. 1823 R. C. Dallas ii. 33 Since I've seen thee, heard thee, This ardent brain, so german to my heart, Unfolds a milder project. 1843 11 Vices, as well as virtues, are german to each other, and are never, or rarely, found alone. 1863 ‘Pictor Ignotus’ I. i. viii. 62 In the ardent, pious, but illogical Lavater's character,..a man..who...had a boná fide if convulsive hold of the super-sensual, there was much that was german to William Blake. 1947 J. Steinbeck vi. 115 Any sound that was not germane to the night would make them alert. 4. Relevant to the matter under consideration, pertinent. Originally with allusion to quot. 1603 at sense A. 3b.1698 T. D'Urfey Pref. 11 I hope I shall live to see the Master of Art have Modesty enough to thank me for't; or else..to make it yet more German to the matter, as Shakespear has it, to call 'em Colliers would be as significant as any thing. 1777 M. Morgann 33 It would have been more germane to the matter if this lord had put him down among..the provender. 1783 J. Ritson 97 Mr. Steevenses quotations would have been more germane to the matter if they had exhibited hunt-counter as a substantive. 1816 W. Scott II. xiii. 329 Edie..did not venture to repeat a query which was so little germain to the matter. 1840 F. Trollope III. xxxiv. 285 A piece of intelligence more well-timed, or more completely german to the subject of her thoughts. 1845 G. Rogers xvi. 360 In the midst of his sermon, his shin received a nudge from the walking-cane of an old gentleman, who left his seat for the purpose of calling his attention to a certain scripture text, which he fancied to be germaine to the purpose of his argument. 1870 T. H. Huxley (1874) iv. 57 Those studies which are immediately germain to physic. 1886 H. James (1921) I. i. vi. 49 It was german to the matter, at any rate, for him to observe that he believed they were to have a lecture from Mrs. Farrinder. 1920 H. J. Laski iii. 86 The less essential questions..are hardly now germane to the substance of the debate. 1945 B. Russell i. xvi. 142 Socrates proceeds to give an account of his own philosophical development, which is very interesting, but not germane to the main argument. 1984 J. R. Colombo 255/2 [Rupert] Brooke's poetic response to the landscape, with its lack of human association, is germain to any consideration of literary landmarks. 2009 K. Reichs 22 ‘How is this germane?’ Clearly, Schechter liked the word. ‘It is germane to your client's understanding of what happened to his daughter.’ 1839 Oct. 584 Had the court been deciding whether a candidate for a fellowship at All-Souls college was ‘Bene natus, bene vestitus, et mediocriter doctus’, as its statutes require, the topic would have been germane. 1852 10 May 1319/1 Mr. Olds. I rise to a point of order. The amendment is not germane. Mr. Florence. Why, yes, it is germane. 1865–6 H. Phillips II. 96 The document..is not sufficiently germane to be reproduced in this place. 1905 July 272/2 A main motion has been made and a germane, but hostile, amendment made. 1940 Jan. 12/1 How then, it is germane to ask, are histories written? 1972 W. V. Stapleton & L. E. Teitelbaum p. xi A study such as this one should challenge those who prefer principle to pragmatism, because its information is accurate and germane. 1990 J. L. Stevens & J. E. Bakke in G. J. Mulder ix. 252 It is germaine to point out that the organization of methylthio product formation via the thiomethyl shunt is complex. 2009 O. W. Winkler v. 74 (heading) A more germane approach to socio-economic time-series. II. Genuine. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > foundation in fact, validity > [adjective] > genuine, real c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Philipp. iv. 3 I preie thee, german felowe [L. germane compar], helpe thou the ilke wymmen that traueliden with me in the gospel. 1542 T. Becon Pref. sig. A.ij Syncere, germayne & true learnyng. 1563 G. Hay f. 64 Let vs cleaue to the Germane sense of the Text. 1642 F. Nethersole 3 The miserable Distractions of this divided Kingdom, threatning a Germane desolation thereof. 1678 R. Cudworth tr. D. Petau in i. iv. 575 Arius was a German or Genuine Disciple of Plato's. 1864 J. H. Newman 7 That to be a pure, german, genuine Catholic, a man must be either knave or fool. 2004 Y. R'oi ii. vi. 104 This was done either as a concession, a form of condescension, or as a political necessity. It did not reflect a germane sense of fraternity or equality. B. n.society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > [noun] > close relative 1490 W. Caxton tr. xii. sig. Dij Make werre ayenst the with the helpe of thy germayn [Fr. ton germain] Pygmalyon. a1492 W. Caxton tr. (1495) i. xxiii. f. xxiiiv/2 The whyche were not oonly bredren carnalle, but also in lyf, in religyon & in vertues they were germayns. 1502 tr. (de Worde) iv. xiii. sig. v.v Of the whiche degrees, the broder and syster make ye fyrst, the chyldern ye whiche ben germayns make the seconde. c1525 W. Walter in tr. G. Boccaccio sig. C.vv Amyte is for to be commended As the true mother to magnyfycence Of whome all honeste is dyscended Germayne to charyte & benificence Enymy to auaryce & violence. 1590 E. Spenser i. v. sig. E Goe now, proud Miscreant, Thy selfe thy message do to german deare. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1622) i. i. 115 Youle haue Coursers for Cousens, and Iennits for Iermans [1623 Germaines]. 1721 N. Bailey Germain, a Brother or Sister by the same Father and Mother. 1739 Dec. 621/1 What tho' your charms can purchase all The giddy honours of this ball; Make nature's germans all divide, And haughty peers renounce their pride. 1906 C. M. Doughty Dawn in Brit. in 29 Sept. 417/2 Maglos sleeps, battle-weary; but all night He, in slumber, groaning, called the names, and wept, Of his dear germains, went beneath the earth. 2002 Y. Dutton (ed. 2) 100 Consanguine collaterals were treated in exactly the same way as germanes in the absence of any germanes. Derivatives the world > relative properties > relationship > relevance or pertinence > [adverb] 1823 I. Pocock p. iv The actors interweave such scenes of mine As come germanely to the play's design. 1844 56 84 An embassy from the willow-wearers all—or to speak more germanely to the matter, of the Basket-bearers. 1904 Sept. 138/2 I may add, however, germanely to my subject, that in so far as our writers leave the old themes..the less likely they are actually to influence the unwary by misrepresentation. 1958 Nov. 349/2 Let it be fitted naturally and germanely into context. 2005 K. Hulme Pref. p. xi The Bone People was the New Zealand Book of the Year (fiction) in 1984, and more germanely, won the Mobile Pegasus Award for Maori Literature the same year. the world > relative properties > relationship > relevance or pertinence > [noun] 1872 9 May 3250/3 Not by reason of a want of germaneness, because that is a subject with which the rules of the Senate have dealt in such a manner as to reduce the objection on either of those grounds almost to a nullity. 1963 72 1005 The justifications for deviations from an equal population standard must then be examined closely to determine their germaneness and importance to the particular state. 2009 R. K. Bali et al. i. 2 The relevance of the data, the pertinence of the information and the germaneness of the knowledge are determined by the specific context. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  adj.n.c1330 |
