germaniumn.

Brit.

/dʒəːˈmeɪnɪəm/,

/dʒəˈmeɪnɪəm/, U.S.

/dʒərˈmeɪniəm/

Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Germanium.

Etymology: < German Germanium (C. Winkler 1886, in Berichte der Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 19 210), apparently < classical Latin Germānia in its post-classical Latin sense as the name of Germany (see German adj.), the homeland of Winkler + German -ium -ium suffix, perhaps by analogy with gallium n. (which was mistakenly believed by some to be named after Gallia, the name of France in post-classical Latin) and scandium n.Winkler does not mention any models for his coinage of the name, but compare:1887 Western Druggist 9 203/2 The newly discovered Germanium (a Teutonic offset to the French ‘Gallium’) fills one of the vacant places in Mendelejeff's ‘periodical system of the elements’.

A chemical element, atomic number 32, which is a hard, silvery-grey metalloid of the carbon group. Symbol Ge.Germanium occurs mainly as an impurity in zinc ores, and is used as a semiconductor and in alloys and optical glass. Its existence and nature was predicted by Mendeleev, who called it eka-silicon (cf. eka- comb. form).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > germanium > [noun]

germanium1886

1886 Standard 26 Feb. 2/7 Our Berlin Correspondent telegraphs that Professor Winkler, of Freiberg, in Saxony, has discovered a new chemical element, which he calls germanium.

1907 Westm. Gaz. 4 Feb. 6/3 Gallium, scandium, and germanium, all subsequently discovered, did fit into the scale of ‘periodicity’.

1948 Bell Lab. Rec. 26 323/1 In semi-conductors, such as silicon and germanium,..there may be as few as one current-carrying electron for every million atoms.

1959 Times Rev. Industry Sept. 24/2 Ores like argyrodite, containing silver and germanium sulphides,..are not mined in appreciable quantities.

1970 D. F. Shaw Introd. Electronics (ed. 2) xi. 236 To manufacture a P–N junction diode using germanium, the crystal is grown from N-type germanium (i.e. germanium with arsenic or antimony as impurity).

2005 Personal Computer World Mar. 36 Most work has been done on strained silicon, but the performance is much better with germanium.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	germanium
释义	germaniumn. Brit. /dʒəːˈmeɪnɪəm/, /dʒəˈmeɪnɪəm/, U.S. /dʒərˈmeɪniəm/ Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Germanium. Etymology: < German Germanium (C. Winkler 1886, in Berichte der Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 19 210), apparently < classical Latin Germānia in its post-classical Latin sense as the name of Germany (see German adj.), the homeland of Winkler + German -ium -ium suffix, perhaps by analogy with gallium n. (which was mistakenly believed by some to be named after Gallia, the name of France in post-classical Latin) and scandium n.Winkler does not mention any models for his coinage of the name, but compare:1887 Western Druggist 9 203/2 The newly discovered Germanium (a Teutonic offset to the French ‘Gallium’) fills one of the vacant places in Mendelejeff's ‘periodical system of the elements’. A chemical element, atomic number 32, which is a hard, silvery-grey metalloid of the carbon group. Symbol Ge.Germanium occurs mainly as an impurity in zinc ores, and is used as a semiconductor and in alloys and optical glass. Its existence and nature was predicted by Mendeleev, who called it eka-silicon (cf. eka- comb. form). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > germanium > [noun] germanium1886 1886 Standard 26 Feb. 2/7 Our Berlin Correspondent telegraphs that Professor Winkler, of Freiberg, in Saxony, has discovered a new chemical element, which he calls germanium. 1907 Westm. Gaz. 4 Feb. 6/3 Gallium, scandium, and germanium, all subsequently discovered, did fit into the scale of ‘periodicity’. 1948 Bell Lab. Rec. 26 323/1 In semi-conductors, such as silicon and germanium,..there may be as few as one current-carrying electron for every million atoms. 1959 Times Rev. Industry Sept. 24/2 Ores like argyrodite, containing silver and germanium sulphides,..are not mined in appreciable quantities. 1970 D. F. Shaw Introd. Electronics (ed. 2) xi. 236 To manufacture a P–N junction diode using germanium, the crystal is grown from N-type germanium (i.e. germanium with arsenic or antimony as impurity). 2005 Personal Computer World Mar. 36 Most work has been done on strained silicon, but the performance is much better with germanium. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1886
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