germinaladj.

Brit.

/ˈdʒəːmᵻnl/, U.S.

/ˈdʒərmənəl/

Forms: 1600s germinall, 1800s germenal, 1700s– germinal.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin germinalis.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin germinalis of a seed (6th cent.) < classical Latin germin- , germen germ n. + -ālis -al suffix¹; with the semantic development compare also germinate v. Compare French germinal capable of producing (1756 or earlier).In sense 1 with allusion to spring as the season in which seeds typically germinate; compare later Germinal n. and discussion at that entry. In sense 4 after germ n. 5.

1. Of or relating to spring; vernal. Also in figurative contexts. Cf. later Germinal n. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > period > year > season > [adjective] > spring

vernal1619

germinal1622

vertumnal1622

spring-like1623

springy1633

vernant1654

vernon1694

primaveral1823

1622 ‘Jack Dawe’ Vox Graculi 28 When the Sunne hath made his voyage through the germinall Signes, Aries, Taurus, and Gemini, and takes vp his Inne at the solsticiall estiuall Signe Cancer, then shall the third part of the yeere, called Summer, beginne his raigne.

1849 J. J. G. Wilkinson Swedenborg 63 So the vernal seasons of all things point backwards to a primordial universal spring, the ocean of every rill of geniality, the germinal warmth of the world.

1977–8 Structurist No. 17/18 79/2 It is the germinal season. The first greens enter one's eyes to lift one's spirits after a long winter.

2000 tr. M. Behm Afraid to Death xvi. 58 He was like one of those yokels in ancient Greece, chosen during the germinal season to be an imitation monarch, then, at harvest time, sacrificed to Dionysus or somebody.

2. Vital in respect of life (vital adj. 1a or 3); living, sprouting. Chiefly figurative and in figurative contexts (see also sense 3). Now rare.The meaning in quot. 1630 is obscure, possibly being closer to sense 3. ‘Germinal & radicall’ here can be understood as either ‘vital and foundational’ or ‘original and foundational’, the context being the case for the (Roman) Catholic Church as an organization continuous with, and growing out of, the initial Christian community of apostolic times.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > reproductive substances or cells > [adjective] > germ cell or mass

germinal1747

1630 E. Cary tr. St. Augustine in tr. J. D. Du Perron Reply to Answeare of King i. xix. 75 There is one certaine, true, & holsome, and as I may saie, germinall & radicall [Fr. germinale & radicale, L. germanam atque radicalem] societie, from whence they [sc. heretickes] are seperated.

1747 J. Wheeler Mod. Druid 110 It is very agreeable to observe how the cutting partially that stubborn ligature, will re-invigorate the whole tree, and call off the before destinated germinal sap to the encrease of bodily wood.

1825 S. T. Coleridge Aids Refl. 173 Relatively taken..the germinal power of every seed..might be generalized under the relation of Identity.

1937 J. Still Hounds on Mountain 50 On dark acres of the mind no bird's throat cries The winter's growing, the germinal leaf that dies.

3. Chiefly figurative.

a. That is the origin, or in the earliest stage of development; preliminary, rudimentary.In quot. 1866 humorous.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > [adjective] > in early stages

buddinga1586

infant1594

embryon1613

embryous1628

inchoateda1631

inchoativea1631

crepusculous1646

rudimentary1648

rudimental1658

embryo1659

incipient1669

crepuscular1679

dawninga1700

initiant1740

germing1749

embryotic1761

germinal1804

embryonic1825

embryonary1833

inchoanta1876

adawn1881

1804 Crit. Rev. Jan. 11 The first edition, or germinal pamphlet, which has expanded its leaves into this spreading quarto, was reviewed in our number for January 1799.

1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. ii. xv. 258 In what order do these germinal ideas arise?

1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt II. xxii. 106 Job was a small fellow about five, with a germinal nose.

1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. xi. 306 The plague-corpuscles..might also be germinal in the worm, and still baffle the microscope.

1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets i. 10 The artistic sentiment, indeed, exists in Homer..but it is germinal, not organized and expanded as it will be.

a1878 G. H. Lewes Study Psychol. (1879) 40 A forecasting tendency, germinal in animals and savages, conspicuous in the civilized man.

1918 Catholic Educ. Rev. 15 338 The child needs the germinal idea, and he eagerly welcomes it, but he has no need of details or refinements, and can carry them only as memory loads.

1968 A. Storr Human Aggression v. 42 The motility of the infant can be looked upon as a germinal assertion of the individual as something separate from the mother, and it is likely that this spontaneous motility is the earliest manifestation of a positive aggressive drive.

2007 A. N. Williams Divine Sense 127 What is merely germinal in the fourth century becomes fullblown antagonism by the fourteenth.

b. Containing the possibility of, or important for, development; productive, influential; = seminal adj. 4a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > productiveness > [adjective] > germinating

germinant?1440

germinative1652

germinal1821

1821 J. Galt Ann. Parish xlii. 238 Nor has there been any such germinal changes among us, as these which took place in the second epoch.

1857 Atlantic Monthly Dec. 195/2 So earnest a man has not appeared since the days of Luther, nor any one whose thoughts are so suggestive, germinal, and propagative.

1882 Brit. Q. Rev. 76 526 Professor Fowler has done a great service to the memory of Shaftesbury, whose ‘Characteristics’ is one of the germinal books in English literature.

1934 H. G. Wells Exper. in Autobiogr. I. iii. 136 The European country houses and chateaux that were so alive and germinal, mentally, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, stand now mere empty shells.

1936 C. S. Lewis Allegory of Love iv. i. 157 The Romance of the Rose is one of the most ‘successful’ books, in the vulgar sense, that have ever been written... As a germinal book during these centuries [sc. the later Middle Ages] it ranks second to none except the Bible and the Consolation of Philosophy.

1999 K. A. Appiah & H. L. Gates Africana 1185/3 Specialty Records..found the tapes promising and arranged a recording session in New Orleans. This turned out to be one of the germinal sessions of rock and roll.

†4. Botany. Of or relating to the plant ovary. Cf. germ n. 5, germen n. 3. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > having or relating to parts > relating to or having ovule > of or having an ovary

gymnotetraspermous1736

ovarian1759

germinal1811

monocephalous1845

tetrathecal1849

basal1870

paragerminal1876

1811 Trans. Linn. Soc. 10 248 The naked pistilla, one with the germinal appendices..a little separated, the other with the same in situ.

1849 E. Lankester tr. M. J. Schleiden Princ. Sci. Bot. ii. 372 In Orchis.., Aristolochia, and Stylidium, the external surface of the germinal cavity corresponds to the pedicel.

5. Designating structures, cells, or material involved in the reproduction or development of organisms, esp. parts of an embryo in its earliest stages; of or relating to such structures, cells, or material. Also: of, relating to, or determined by biological inheritance; genetic.germinal disc, membrane, vesicle, etc.: see Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [adjective]

hereditary?a1425

heredital1490

hereditariousa1527

heritable1570

hereditable1652

inherited1797

inborn1816

inheritable1828

germinal1830

germinative1833

genic1894

Mendelizing1909

1830 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 9 298 This germinal membrane, or Blastoderma, as it has been called in the egg of the bird.

1837 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 5 163 Cotyledons or germinal leaves generally two, dissimilar to the perfect foliage.

1888 Linn. Soc. Jrnl. 20 237 Germinal Segregation is caused by the propagation of the species by means of seeds or germs any one of which, when developed, forms a community.

1913 W. E. Kellicott Textbk. Gen. Embryol. i. 14 The substance which forms the reproductive cells or gametes of an organism is called the germinal substance, or briefly, the germ.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 999 A ‘gene’ or ‘factor’ is the germinal counterpart of a normally non-blending and non-splitting characteristic or feature.

1977 Anat. & Embryol. 151 335 The polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus is a secondary germinal layer and forms cells for the granular layer.

2000 Nature 5 Oct. 581/1 We have produced germinal revertants (heterogenotes) that have blue flowers.

Compounds

germinal cell n. [after German Keimzelle (1825 or earlier)] a cell capable of replicating and (usually) differentiating; spec. = germ cell n. at germ n. Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > reproductive substances or cells > [noun] > germ cell or mass

seminary1671

germinal cell1840

germ mass1840

germ cell1842

cleavage-mass1871

cleavage-cell1879

cleavage-globule1879

gastrodisc1881

blastule1882

1840 C. West tr. J. Müller On Nature & Struct. Characteristics Cancer 29 It can be easily proved that the germinal cells of carcinoma [Ger. Keimzellen des Carcinoms] are formed not from any previously existing fibres, but from a real seminium morbi, which develops itself between the tissues of the affected organ.

1840 Medico-chirurg. Rev., & Jrnl. Pract. Med. 33 128 They are, like the germinal cells, an embryonic formation.

1875 Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc. 26 200 The connective tissue was unchanged except at points, where there seems to be an infiltration of germinal cells.

1932 C. D. Darlington Rec. Adv. in Cytol. iii. 63 The reunion, after separation, of nuclei in the male germinal cells at the last divisions before meiosis.

1965 Jrnl. Pediatrics 66 171/1 As we move into the epidermis we encounter the first basal or germinal cells—a layer of cuboidal cells with nuclei more or less perpendicular to the basement membrane.

1990 Amer. Jrnl. Anat. 187 213 The presence of germinal cells outside of the embryonal and fetal gonads of the strepsirhine prosimian Galago crassicaudatus crassicaudatus is described.

2008 S. P. Meyers MRI Bone & Soft Tissue Lesions xx. 318/3 Teratomas are neoplasms that arise from displaced embryonic germ cells (multipotential germinal cells).

germinal centre n. the central area of a lymph nodule, containing cells that are larger and paler than those of the periphery, and forming a zone of B lymphocyte proliferation in response to antigenic stimulation; cf. slightly earlier germ centre n. at germ n. Compounds 3.

ΚΠ

1893 Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. 27 355 His mentions that these germinal centres are richly supplied with capillary blood-vessels.

1984 M. J. Taussig Processes in Pathol. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) 75 B cells are found in the lymph follicles, germinal centres, corticomedullary junction and the medullary cords of the lymph node, and in the germinal centres and red pulp of the spleen.

2004 Avian Dis. 48 397/2 Splenic tissue from acutely dosed birds showed marked depletion of lymphocytes throughout, with necrosis of germinal centers and periarteriolar sheaths.

germinal disc n. [after German Keimscheibe (1826 or earlier)] blastoderm, esp. that in a bird's (or other telocithal) egg.

ΚΠ

1830 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 9 304 Baer has represented the cicatricula or germinal disk in the ova of the Coluber natrix, the Lacerta agilis, and the L. crocea.

1939 T. L. Green Pract. Animal Biol. ii. 231 Examine and draw specimens showing early segmentation stages in the germinal disc, divided into a central area pellucida surrounded by the area opaca.

1999 Isis 90 469 He [sc. His] began by modeling the germinal disc of embryology on the imperfectly elastic plate of analytical mechanics.

germinal epithelium n. [after German Keimepithel (1866 or earlier)] epithelium giving rising to germ cells, esp. that lining the seminiferous tubules of the testis; (also) a layer of cuboidal cells covering the free surface of the ovary (originally believed to give rise to germ cells).

ΚΠ

1870 Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. 4 161 There is in all the higher vertebrata a stage where the genital gland is invested with germinal epithelium (Keim-epithel), in which the first indications of ova are visible.

1913 J. W. Jenkinson Vertebr. Embryol. iii. 26 The researches of recent years have, however, brought forward very strong evidence to show that the first germ-cells are not formed in or from the germinal epithelium, but elsewhere in the body.

1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) v. 59 From the cells in the germinal epithelium in the testes by simple mitosis cells called spermatogonia are produced.

2007 U. Vielkind tr. H. F. Nauth Gynecol. Cytol. ii. 45/1 The surface of the ovary is covered by a simple cuboidal epithelium, the germinal epithelium.

germinal layer n. [after German Keimschicht (1817 or earlier)] a layer of cells capable of division and differentiation; spec. = germ layer n. at germ n. Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > embryo parts > [noun] > membrane and layers of cells

germinal layer1836

cell layer1843

mucous layer1846

germ layer1855

mesoblast1857

blastoderm1859

head fold1873

mesoderm1873

epiblast1875

hypoblast1875

splanchnopleure1875

mesenchyme1881

acroblast1884

mesothelium1886

epimere1890

mesectoderm1894

mesendoderm1894

cœloblast1895

placode1907

shield1913

mesentoderm1921

meristoderm1945

bilayer1962

1836 M. Barry tr. R. Wagner in Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 45 426 I have distinctly observed the origin of the germinal layer [Ger. Keimschicht] out of the germinal spot.

1874 Arch. Dermatol. 1 64 It would appear from these investigations as if the real germinal layer (mutterboden) of the stratum corneum is to be looked for in the upper strata alone of the rete.

1880 T. H. Huxley Crayfish iv. 206 The protoplasmic substance of the yelk..constituting a germinal layer.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 978 Growth begins to set in, and at unequal rates, the result being the establishment of the germinal layers—the ectoderm or epiblast, the endoderm or hypoblast, and (from worms upwards) the mesoderm or mesoblast.

1985 Internat. Jrnl. Pediatric Otorhinolaryngol. 10 101 The first case turned out to be a dysembryoma, classified as monodermic because of its origin from derivatives of only one germinal layer.

2009 C. H. Ernst & J. E. Lovich Turtles U. S. & Canada (ed. 2) 11 When growth is resumed, the germinal layer of the epidermis, rather than continuing to add to the edge of the existing scute, forms an entirely new layer.

germinal membrane n. [compare German Keimhaut and scientific Latin membrana germinativa (both 1828 or earlier)] (a) = blastoderm n. (now rare); (b) the thin inner layer (endocyst) of the wall of a hydatid cyst, from which its brood capsules and protoscoleces are derived.

ΚΠ

1830germinal membrane [see sense 5].

1847 Rep. Zool. for 1843 & 1844 (Ray Soc.) 492 In the second [species] the mother-cyst (germinal membrane) is stated to be subdivided by a fibrous tissue into many compartments.

1909 A. M. Reese Introd. Vertebr. Embryol. vi. 222 The germinal membrane now embraces about half of the yolk.

1929 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 14 Sept. 906/2 In the germinal membrane small areas of cells show increased activity and form the brood capsules in which the embryonic elements or scolices develop.

2010 Medicine 38 19/1 Medical options, such as praziquantel (effective against the protoscolices) and albendazole (which has activity against the germinal membrane), are likely to work in isolation only in small cysts.

germinal pole n. now rare = animal pole n. at animal adj. Compounds.

ΚΠ

1855 W. H. Ransom in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 15 231 The constriction travels towards the germinal pole.

1914 J. G. Kerr in W. Heape Textbk. Embryol. II. viii. 457 The piece of shell covering the germinal pole is marked off by a deep incision from the rest so as to form a lid which is forced off at the time of hatching.

germinal spot n. [after German Keimfleck (1835 in the passage translated in quot. 1836; also 1796 or earlier in the sense ‘hilum of a seed’)] (a) the nucleolus of an ovum (now historical); (b) the blastoderm in a bird's (or other telolecithal) egg (= blastodisc n. at blasto- comb. form ).

ΚΠ

1836 M. Barry tr. R. Wagner in Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 45 426 I have distinctly observed the origin of the germinal layer out of the germinal spot [Ger. Keimfleck].

1863 T. H. Huxley Evid. Man's Place Nature ii. 61 A mass of viscid nutritive matter, the ‘yelk’, within which is enclosed..the ‘germinal vesicle’. In this, lastly, lies a more solid rounded body, termed the ‘germinal spot’.

1957 Amer. Biol. Teacher 19 16/2 The opening was made in a circle designated by the position of the germinal spot.

1989 Jrnl. Hist. Biol. 22 225 Oscar..sought to defend his claim that the Keimflecke or germinal spot became the pronucleus of the ripe egg cell.

2010 G. Scott Essent. Ornithol. iv. 77 (in figure) Germinal spot (blastodisc).

germinal vesicle n. [probably after German Keimbläschen (1804 with uncertain sense, 1828 or earlier in embryology)] †(a) the embryonic blastoderm or blastula (obsolete rare); (b) the nucleus of an ovum or oocyte, (in later use) spec. that of a developing oocyte at the stage immediately preceding meiosis.

ΚΠ

1834 Periscope Apr. in Medico-chirurg. Rev., & Jrnl. Pract. Med. 20 510/1 The vitelline membrane has meanwhile increased in volume, much more in proportion than the germinal vesicle which it incloses.

1851 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca i. 51 On one side of the yolk is a pellucid spot, termed the germinal vesicle, having a spot or nucleus on its surface.

1947 A. D. Imms Outl. Entomol. (ed. 3) iii. 79 The germinal vesicle divides twice and the daughter nuclei thus produced are expelled from the ovum as the polar bodies.

2009 Yen & Jaffe's Reprod. Endocrinol. (ed. 6) iii. xxix. 740/2 Immature oocytes at prophase I exhibit a germinal vesicle.

Derivatives

ˈgerminally adv.

ΚΠ

1804 S. T. Coleridge Notebks. (1957) I. 1816 Real instance, I doubt not, all men have had, of all Vices, germinally I mean.

1869 A. Harwood tr. E. de Pressensé Early Years Christianity ii. iii. 203 The old economy germinally contains the new.

1908 Westm. Gaz. 16 Apr. 3/2 Our children will pay for these women's children, who, besides being germinally defective, will be many times intoxicated before their birth.

1957 L. Lowenthal Lit. & Image of Man ii. 48 The ideals of Don Quixote contain germinally the elements of which the new concept of man is to be constituted.

2001 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. Sentinel (Nexis) 22 Apr. b8 Striking clarity of form is the great strength here. Volans lays out an idea, then develops it germinally.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	germinal
释义	Germinaln. Brit. /ˈdʒəːmᵻnl/, /ˌdʒəːmᵻˈnal/, U.S. /ˈdʒərmənəl/ Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French germinal. Etymology: < French germinal (1793) < classical Latin germin- , germen germ n. + French -al -al suffix¹, apparently so called on account of the seed in the fields typically germinating at that time of year (compare earlier germinal germinal adj., and also post-classical Latin germinalis germinal adj.). Compare Floreal n. and Prairial n. Compare earlier germinal adj. 1. French History. The seventh month of the French revolutionary calendar (introduced in 1793), lasting from 21 March to 19 April. ΘΚΠ the world > time > period > a month or calendar month > specific months > [noun] > in different calendars Adara1382 Sivana1382 Tebetha1382 Ziva1382 Kislevc1384 Abib1531 Elul1535 Ethanim1535 Sebat1535 Thammuz1535 Av1560 Marcheshvan1646 Iyyar1737 Muharram1788 Brumaire1793 Fructidor1793 Germinal1793 Messidor1793 Pluviose1793 Prairial1793 Nivôse1794 Vendémiaire1799 Thermidor1801 Floreal1802 Ventôse1802 Hesvan1833 Tishri1833 Frimaire1838 1793 Monthly Reg. Nov. 408/2 The spring months, Germinal, Floreal, Priairal [sic]. 1798 Philos. Mag. 1 p. vii Explanation of the French Measures and Weights, pointing out their Value and principal Uses, according to the Law of Germinal 18th, 3d Year of the Republic. 1802 C. Wilmot Diary 25 Apr. (1920) 60 Three days in this month of Germinal, it is the custom for all the world to drive four miles out of Town in State, and return back again. 1867 Every Sat. 18 May 633/1 He and Chaumette (the prompter of the creed of Reason) were beheaded together on the 21 Germinal. 1901 School of Mines Q. Nov. 12 The report, instructions and vocabulary served as a basis for a decree which was adopted by the Convention and promulgated on 18 Germinal..year III. 1938 S. Bernstein in Sci. & Society 2 170 The unfriendly Courier républicain of the 25th Germinal..described the tactics employed by one of these groups in staging an informal meeting. 2009 G. H. Williams French Assault on Amer. Shipping i. 51/2 Alligator, schooner... Reported condemned at Guadelupe 12 Germinal, year 7 (April 1, 1799). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). germinaladj. Brit. /ˈdʒəːmᵻnl/, U.S. /ˈdʒərmənəl/ Forms: 1600s germinall, 1800s germenal, 1700s– germinal. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin germinalis. Etymology: < post-classical Latin germinalis of a seed (6th cent.) < classical Latin germin- , germen germ n. + -ālis -al suffix¹; with the semantic development compare also germinate v. Compare French germinal capable of producing (1756 or earlier).In sense 1 with allusion to spring as the season in which seeds typically germinate; compare later Germinal n. and discussion at that entry. In sense 4 after germ n. 5. 1. Of or relating to spring; vernal. Also in figurative contexts. Cf. later Germinal n. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > time > period > year > season > [adjective] > spring vernal1619 germinal1622 vertumnal1622 spring-like1623 springy1633 vernant1654 vernon1694 primaveral1823 1622 ‘Jack Dawe’ Vox Graculi 28 When the Sunne hath made his voyage through the germinall Signes, Aries, Taurus, and Gemini, and takes vp his Inne at the solsticiall estiuall Signe Cancer, then shall the third part of the yeere, called Summer, beginne his raigne. 1849 J. J. G. Wilkinson Swedenborg 63 So the vernal seasons of all things point backwards to a primordial universal spring, the ocean of every rill of geniality, the germinal warmth of the world. 1977–8 Structurist No. 17/18 79/2 It is the germinal season. The first greens enter one's eyes to lift one's spirits after a long winter. 2000 tr. M. Behm Afraid to Death xvi. 58 He was like one of those yokels in ancient Greece, chosen during the germinal season to be an imitation monarch, then, at harvest time, sacrificed to Dionysus or somebody. 2. Vital in respect of life (vital adj. 1a or 3); living, sprouting. Chiefly figurative and in figurative contexts (see also sense 3). Now rare.The meaning in quot. 1630 is obscure, possibly being closer to sense 3. ‘Germinal & radicall’ here can be understood as either ‘vital and foundational’ or ‘original and foundational’, the context being the case for the (Roman) Catholic Church as an organization continuous with, and growing out of, the initial Christian community of apostolic times. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > reproductive substances or cells > [adjective] > germ cell or mass germinal1747 1630 E. Cary tr. St. Augustine in tr. J. D. Du Perron Reply to Answeare of King i. xix. 75 There is one certaine, true, & holsome, and as I may saie, germinall & radicall [Fr. germinale & radicale, L. germanam atque radicalem] societie, from whence they [sc. heretickes] are seperated. 1747 J. Wheeler Mod. Druid 110 It is very agreeable to observe how the cutting partially that stubborn ligature, will re-invigorate the whole tree, and call off the before destinated germinal sap to the encrease of bodily wood. 1825 S. T. Coleridge Aids Refl. 173 Relatively taken..the germinal power of every seed..might be generalized under the relation of Identity. 1937 J. Still Hounds on Mountain 50 On dark acres of the mind no bird's throat cries The winter's growing, the germinal leaf that dies. 3. Chiefly figurative. a. That is the origin, or in the earliest stage of development; preliminary, rudimentary.In quot. 1866 humorous. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > [adjective] > in early stages buddinga1586 infant1594 embryon1613 embryous1628 inchoateda1631 inchoativea1631 crepusculous1646 rudimentary1648 rudimental1658 embryo1659 incipient1669 crepuscular1679 dawninga1700 initiant1740 germing1749 embryotic1761 germinal1804 embryonic1825 embryonary1833 inchoanta1876 adawn1881 1804 Crit. Rev. Jan. 11 The first edition, or germinal pamphlet, which has expanded its leaves into this spreading quarto, was reviewed in our number for January 1799. 1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. ii. xv. 258 In what order do these germinal ideas arise? 1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt II. xxii. 106 Job was a small fellow about five, with a germinal nose. 1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. xi. 306 The plague-corpuscles..might also be germinal in the worm, and still baffle the microscope. 1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets i. 10 The artistic sentiment, indeed, exists in Homer..but it is germinal, not organized and expanded as it will be. a1878 G. H. Lewes Study Psychol. (1879) 40 A forecasting tendency, germinal in animals and savages, conspicuous in the civilized man. 1918 Catholic Educ. Rev. 15 338 The child needs the germinal idea, and he eagerly welcomes it, but he has no need of details or refinements, and can carry them only as memory loads. 1968 A. Storr Human Aggression v. 42 The motility of the infant can be looked upon as a germinal assertion of the individual as something separate from the mother, and it is likely that this spontaneous motility is the earliest manifestation of a positive aggressive drive. 2007 A. N. Williams Divine Sense 127 What is merely germinal in the fourth century becomes fullblown antagonism by the fourteenth. b. Containing the possibility of, or important for, development; productive, influential; = seminal adj. 4a. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > productiveness > [adjective] > germinating germinant?1440 germinative1652 germinal1821 1821 J. Galt Ann. Parish xlii. 238 Nor has there been any such germinal changes among us, as these which took place in the second epoch. 1857 Atlantic Monthly Dec. 195/2 So earnest a man has not appeared since the days of Luther, nor any one whose thoughts are so suggestive, germinal, and propagative. 1882 Brit. Q. Rev. 76 526 Professor Fowler has done a great service to the memory of Shaftesbury, whose ‘Characteristics’ is one of the germinal books in English literature. 1934 H. G. Wells Exper. in Autobiogr. I. iii. 136 The European country houses and chateaux that were so alive and germinal, mentally, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, stand now mere empty shells. 1936 C. S. Lewis Allegory of Love iv. i. 157 The Romance of the Rose is one of the most ‘successful’ books, in the vulgar sense, that have ever been written... As a germinal book during these centuries [sc. the later Middle Ages] it ranks second to none except the Bible and the Consolation of Philosophy. 1999 K. A. Appiah & H. L. Gates Africana 1185/3 Specialty Records..found the tapes promising and arranged a recording session in New Orleans. This turned out to be one of the germinal sessions of rock and roll. †4. Botany. Of or relating to the plant ovary. Cf. germ n. 5, germen n. 3. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > having or relating to parts > relating to or having ovule > of or having an ovary gymnotetraspermous1736 ovarian1759 germinal1811 monocephalous1845 tetrathecal1849 basal1870 paragerminal1876 1811 Trans. Linn. Soc. 10 248 The naked pistilla, one with the germinal appendices..a little separated, the other with the same in situ. 1849 E. Lankester tr. M. J. Schleiden Princ. Sci. Bot. ii. 372 In Orchis.., Aristolochia, and Stylidium, the external surface of the germinal cavity corresponds to the pedicel. 5. Designating structures, cells, or material involved in the reproduction or development of organisms, esp. parts of an embryo in its earliest stages; of or relating to such structures, cells, or material. Also: of, relating to, or determined by biological inheritance; genetic.germinal disc, membrane, vesicle, etc.: see Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [adjective] hereditary?a1425 heredital1490 hereditariousa1527 heritable1570 hereditable1652 inherited1797 inborn1816 inheritable1828 germinal1830 germinative1833 genic1894 Mendelizing1909 1830 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 9 298 This germinal membrane, or Blastoderma, as it has been called in the egg of the bird. 1837 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 5 163 Cotyledons or germinal leaves generally two, dissimilar to the perfect foliage. 1888 Linn. Soc. Jrnl. 20 237 Germinal Segregation is caused by the propagation of the species by means of seeds or germs any one of which, when developed, forms a community. 1913 W. E. Kellicott Textbk. Gen. Embryol. i. 14 The substance which forms the reproductive cells or gametes of an organism is called the germinal substance, or briefly, the germ. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 999 A ‘gene’ or ‘factor’ is the germinal counterpart of a normally non-blending and non-splitting characteristic or feature. 1977 Anat. & Embryol. 151 335 The polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus is a secondary germinal layer and forms cells for the granular layer. 2000 Nature 5 Oct. 581/1 We have produced germinal revertants (heterogenotes) that have blue flowers. Compounds germinal cell n. [after German Keimzelle (1825 or earlier)] a cell capable of replicating and (usually) differentiating; spec. = germ cell n. at germ n. Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > reproductive substances or cells > [noun] > germ cell or mass seminary1671 germinal cell1840 germ mass1840 germ cell1842 cleavage-mass1871 cleavage-cell1879 cleavage-globule1879 gastrodisc1881 blastule1882 1840 C. West tr. J. Müller On Nature & Struct. Characteristics Cancer 29 It can be easily proved that the germinal cells of carcinoma [Ger. Keimzellen des Carcinoms] are formed not from any previously existing fibres, but from a real seminium morbi, which develops itself between the tissues of the affected organ. 1840 Medico-chirurg. Rev., & Jrnl. Pract. Med. 33 128 They are, like the germinal cells, an embryonic formation. 1875 Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc. 26 200 The connective tissue was unchanged except at points, where there seems to be an infiltration of germinal cells. 1932 C. D. Darlington Rec. Adv. in Cytol. iii. 63 The reunion, after separation, of nuclei in the male germinal cells at the last divisions before meiosis. 1965 Jrnl. Pediatrics 66 171/1 As we move into the epidermis we encounter the first basal or germinal cells—a layer of cuboidal cells with nuclei more or less perpendicular to the basement membrane. 1990 Amer. Jrnl. Anat. 187 213 The presence of germinal cells outside of the embryonal and fetal gonads of the strepsirhine prosimian Galago crassicaudatus crassicaudatus is described. 2008 S. P. Meyers MRI Bone & Soft Tissue Lesions xx. 318/3 Teratomas are neoplasms that arise from displaced embryonic germ cells (multipotential germinal cells). germinal centre n. the central area of a lymph nodule, containing cells that are larger and paler than those of the periphery, and forming a zone of B lymphocyte proliferation in response to antigenic stimulation; cf. slightly earlier germ centre n. at germ n. Compounds 3. ΚΠ 1893 Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. 27 355 His mentions that these germinal centres are richly supplied with capillary blood-vessels. 1984 M. J. Taussig Processes in Pathol. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) 75 B cells are found in the lymph follicles, germinal centres, corticomedullary junction and the medullary cords of the lymph node, and in the germinal centres and red pulp of the spleen. 2004 Avian Dis. 48 397/2 Splenic tissue from acutely dosed birds showed marked depletion of lymphocytes throughout, with necrosis of germinal centers and periarteriolar sheaths. germinal disc n. [after German Keimscheibe (1826 or earlier)] blastoderm, esp. that in a bird's (or other telocithal) egg. ΚΠ 1830 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 9 304 Baer has represented the cicatricula or germinal disk in the ova of the Coluber natrix, the Lacerta agilis, and the L. crocea. 1939 T. L. Green Pract. Animal Biol. ii. 231 Examine and draw specimens showing early segmentation stages in the germinal disc, divided into a central area pellucida surrounded by the area opaca. 1999 Isis 90 469 He [sc. His] began by modeling the germinal disc of embryology on the imperfectly elastic plate of analytical mechanics. germinal epithelium n. [after German Keimepithel (1866 or earlier)] epithelium giving rising to germ cells, esp. that lining the seminiferous tubules of the testis; (also) a layer of cuboidal cells covering the free surface of the ovary (originally believed to give rise to germ cells). ΚΠ 1870 Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. 4 161 There is in all the higher vertebrata a stage where the genital gland is invested with germinal epithelium (Keim-epithel), in which the first indications of ova are visible. 1913 J. W. Jenkinson Vertebr. Embryol. iii. 26 The researches of recent years have, however, brought forward very strong evidence to show that the first germ-cells are not formed in or from the germinal epithelium, but elsewhere in the body. 1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) v. 59 From the cells in the germinal epithelium in the testes by simple mitosis cells called spermatogonia are produced. 2007 U. Vielkind tr. H. F. Nauth Gynecol. Cytol. ii. 45/1 The surface of the ovary is covered by a simple cuboidal epithelium, the germinal epithelium. germinal layer n. [after German Keimschicht (1817 or earlier)] a layer of cells capable of division and differentiation; spec. = germ layer n. at germ n. Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > embryo parts > [noun] > membrane and layers of cells germinal layer1836 cell layer1843 mucous layer1846 germ layer1855 mesoblast1857 blastoderm1859 head fold1873 mesoderm1873 epiblast1875 hypoblast1875 splanchnopleure1875 mesenchyme1881 acroblast1884 mesothelium1886 epimere1890 mesectoderm1894 mesendoderm1894 cœloblast1895 placode1907 shield1913 mesentoderm1921 meristoderm1945 bilayer1962 1836 M. Barry tr. R. Wagner in Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 45 426 I have distinctly observed the origin of the germinal layer [Ger. Keimschicht] out of the germinal spot. 1874 Arch. Dermatol. 1 64 It would appear from these investigations as if the real germinal layer (mutterboden) of the stratum corneum is to be looked for in the upper strata alone of the rete. 1880 T. H. Huxley Crayfish iv. 206 The protoplasmic substance of the yelk..constituting a germinal layer. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 978 Growth begins to set in, and at unequal rates, the result being the establishment of the germinal layers—the ectoderm or epiblast, the endoderm or hypoblast, and (from worms upwards) the mesoderm or mesoblast. 1985 Internat. Jrnl. Pediatric Otorhinolaryngol. 10 101 The first case turned out to be a dysembryoma, classified as monodermic because of its origin from derivatives of only one germinal layer. 2009 C. H. Ernst & J. E. Lovich Turtles U. S. & Canada (ed. 2) 11 When growth is resumed, the germinal layer of the epidermis, rather than continuing to add to the edge of the existing scute, forms an entirely new layer. germinal membrane n. [compare German Keimhaut and scientific Latin membrana germinativa (both 1828 or earlier)] (a) = blastoderm n. (now rare); (b) the thin inner layer (endocyst) of the wall of a hydatid cyst, from which its brood capsules and protoscoleces are derived. ΚΠ 1830germinal membrane [see sense 5]. 1847 Rep. Zool. for 1843 & 1844 (Ray Soc.) 492 In the second [species] the mother-cyst (germinal membrane) is stated to be subdivided by a fibrous tissue into many compartments. 1909 A. M. Reese Introd. Vertebr. Embryol. vi. 222 The germinal membrane now embraces about half of the yolk. 1929 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 14 Sept. 906/2 In the germinal membrane small areas of cells show increased activity and form the brood capsules in which the embryonic elements or scolices develop. 2010 Medicine 38 19/1 Medical options, such as praziquantel (effective against the protoscolices) and albendazole (which has activity against the germinal membrane), are likely to work in isolation only in small cysts. germinal pole n. now rare = animal pole n. at animal adj. Compounds. ΚΠ 1855 W. H. Ransom in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 15 231 The constriction travels towards the germinal pole. 1914 J. G. Kerr in W. Heape Textbk. Embryol. II. viii. 457 The piece of shell covering the germinal pole is marked off by a deep incision from the rest so as to form a lid which is forced off at the time of hatching. germinal spot n. [after German Keimfleck (1835 in the passage translated in quot. 1836; also 1796 or earlier in the sense ‘hilum of a seed’)] (a) the nucleolus of an ovum (now historical); (b) the blastoderm in a bird's (or other telolecithal) egg (= blastodisc n. at blasto- comb. form ). ΚΠ 1836 M. Barry tr. R. Wagner in Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 45 426 I have distinctly observed the origin of the germinal layer out of the germinal spot [Ger. Keimfleck]. 1863 T. H. Huxley Evid. Man's Place Nature ii. 61 A mass of viscid nutritive matter, the ‘yelk’, within which is enclosed..the ‘germinal vesicle’. In this, lastly, lies a more solid rounded body, termed the ‘germinal spot’. 1957 Amer. Biol. Teacher 19 16/2 The opening was made in a circle designated by the position of the germinal spot. 1989 Jrnl. Hist. Biol. 22 225 Oscar..sought to defend his claim that the Keimflecke or germinal spot became the pronucleus of the ripe egg cell. 2010 G. Scott Essent. Ornithol. iv. 77 (in figure) Germinal spot (blastodisc). germinal vesicle n. [probably after German Keimbläschen (1804 with uncertain sense, 1828 or earlier in embryology)] †(a) the embryonic blastoderm or blastula (obsolete rare); (b) the nucleus of an ovum or oocyte, (in later use) spec. that of a developing oocyte at the stage immediately preceding meiosis. ΚΠ 1834 Periscope Apr. in Medico-chirurg. Rev., & Jrnl. Pract. Med. 20 510/1 The vitelline membrane has meanwhile increased in volume, much more in proportion than the germinal vesicle which it incloses. 1851 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca i. 51 On one side of the yolk is a pellucid spot, termed the germinal vesicle, having a spot or nucleus on its surface. 1947 A. D. Imms Outl. Entomol. (ed. 3) iii. 79 The germinal vesicle divides twice and the daughter nuclei thus produced are expelled from the ovum as the polar bodies. 2009 Yen & Jaffe's Reprod. Endocrinol. (ed. 6) iii. xxix. 740/2 Immature oocytes at prophase I exhibit a germinal vesicle. Derivatives ˈgerminally adv. ΚΠ 1804 S. T. Coleridge Notebks. (1957) I. 1816 Real instance, I doubt not, all men have had, of all Vices, germinally I mean. 1869 A. Harwood tr. E. de Pressensé Early Years Christianity ii. iii. 203 The old economy germinally contains the new. 1908 Westm. Gaz. 16 Apr. 3/2 Our children will pay for these women's children, who, besides being germinally defective, will be many times intoxicated before their birth. 1957 L. Lowenthal Lit. & Image of Man ii. 48 The ideals of Don Quixote contain germinally the elements of which the new concept of man is to be constituted. 2001 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. Sentinel (Nexis) 22 Apr. b8 Striking clarity of form is the great strength here. Volans lays out an idea, then develops it germinally. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1793adj.1622
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Germinaln.

germinaladj.

Compounds

Derivatives