geologicaladj.

Brit.

/ˌdʒiːəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/,

/dʒɪəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/, U.S.

/ˌdʒiəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin geologia , -ical suffix.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin geologia geology n. + -ical suffix. Compare slightly later geology n. and later geologic adj.

a. Of or relating to geology, or the rocks and other materials, structures, and processes with which it is concerned. Cf. geologic adj. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > [adjective]

geologicala1723

geologic1791

geognostical1792

geognostic1794

a1723 H. Rowlands Idea Agriculturæ (1764) xi. 147 As to the true physical Cause and Reason of these Shells,..I cannot believe that vulgar Conceit, that they were left there by the Deluge, though improved by some late Physiologist to a Geological Hypothesis.

1795 J. Hutton Theory Earth (new ed.) I. i. ii. 205 Our author begins by examining a geological operation.

1808 in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 13 1014/2 One of the most able engineers, who was also possessed of a vast geological knowledge.

1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. 346 The subterraneous ‘Flora’ of a geological formation.

1876 D. Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 6) ii. 31 Hypotheses..which are sometimes advanced to account for geological phenomena.

1929 V. G. Childe Danube in Prehist. p. vii Where stratigraphical or geological evidence is lacking, we must have recourse to typology.

1969 G. M. Bennison & A. E. Wright Geol. Hist. Brit. Isles i. 10 A bed may contain fossils of a previous geological age.

1982 M. Rule Mary Rose i. 38 Her keel rested on the intractable geological clay 2 to 3 metres below.

2004 Washington Post 14 May (Home ed.) a3/5 An Australian colleague tipped off the researchers about an underwater geological formation called the Bedout High.

b. In extended use with reference to the moon, Mars, etc.: = geologic adj. 1b.

ΚΠ

1844 E. Hopkins On Connexion Geol. with Terrestr. Magnetism xii. 77 Persons have actually attempted to describe the geological features of the moon.

1934 Sci. News Let. 8 Sept. 148/2 One theory says that the clefts are geological faults on the moon's surface.

1966 Space Res.: Direct. for Future (National Acad. Sci.–National Res. Council (U.S.)) 16 The present paper deals specifically with Mars and only with the very early approach to its geological study.

2008 Nature 10 July 170/3 The ages of the green and orange glasses are similar to those of the surrounding lunar basaltic rocks, which links them to the geological evolution of the Moon.

2. Of a person: engaged in the practice or study of geology; interested or expert in geology; = geologic adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > geologist > [adjective]

geologic1831

geological1831

1831 Brit. Critic 9 80 The Cambridge geological professor..would attempt in vain to lead out his class to a ‘field-day’.

1835 Philos. Mag. 7 52 My geological readers do not require to be told that there are no fossilized remains of the ‘Silurus’, or bony Pike, in these deposits.

1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone Narr. Exped. Zambesi ii. 54 A picture of dislocation or unconformability which would gladden a geological lecturer's heart.

1935 Ann. Brit. School Athens 1932–3 33 9 New light could be thrown on the position of Doulichion by the investigations of geographical and geological experts.

1985 G. Benford Artifact v. i. 289 They had to get the gravitometer from a geological group across campus.

2004 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 29 Feb. (Review section) 12 At times he is a geological tourist, taking his reader on a guided tour of Hawaiian lava flows.

Compounds

geological hammer n. a hammer designed for splitting and breaking rock for the purposes of field geology, mineral collecting, etc., typically made from hardened steel with one side flat and the other pick- or chisel-shaped.

ΚΠ

1821 Eclectic Rev. May 441 See his long paper on ‘Geological Hammers’.

1874 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 164 173 We landed, armed with picks and geological hammers for our work.

1960 R. Casanova Fossil Collecting (1970) v. 102 A geological hammer and a chisel are essential, although any medium-sized hammer would do as a temporary makeshift.

2005 Smithsonian Dec. 64/1 Darwin would have brought his geological hammer, a clinometer for measuring inclines, a shotgun for collecting birds..and, of course, water.

geological map n. a map showing the geological features of an area, esp. the type of rock on or under the surface.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > map > [noun] > other types of map

mappa mundia1387

mappemondea1393

table1610

Mercator's chart1645

Peutingerian tablea1657

Mercator1694

hemisphere1706

Peutinger1731

road map1741

geological map1798

route map1816

ordnance map1828

outline map1836

contour map1862

index map1869

hypsographical map1881

soil map1898

wheel-map1899

strip map1903

distribution map1947

worm's-eye map1964

topo1970

1798 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Southern Counties II. 385 A geological map of England..I have given of Yorkshire, showing, not only its mountain, upland, and vale districts, but giving an adequate idea of their elevations, and casts of surface.

1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. I. 123 Geological map of England, showing the extent and position of the Bristol basin.

1995 Mineral. Mag. 59 130 (caption) Geological map of the northern part of the Nubian shield in eastern Egypt.

geological record n. (a) the visible evidence of geological change; esp. the fossil content of rock strata, as used to date strata or their fossils; an instance of this for a particular period, place, or taxon; (b) a record of geological facts or data.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > record > written record > [noun] > other types of written record

criminal record1687

police record1773

office copy1776

geological record1811

time card1837

phylactery1855

reservation1884

press cutting1888

record1897

trace1898

swindle sheet1906

form sheet1911

Dead Sea Scrolls1949

yellow card1970

society > communication > indication > marking > a mark > trace or vestige > [noun] > other traces or vestiges

staddle1691

Indian sign1805

geological record1811

powder mark1823

earmark1836

rock record1851

tool-mark1865

staddle-stead1868

staddle-mark1876

waterline1876

posthole1888

tooth-mark1889

pollen count1926

snake mark1929

parch mark1947

tranchet blow1949

posthole pattern1950

posthole evidence1962

1811 Retrospect of Discov. 6 117 The account of these volcanoes..relates to one of the most extensive physical changes that the geological records of our globe exhibit.

1836 Rec. Gen. Sci. 4 468 I am..supposing that the geologists of a future epoch have the same amount of information respecting the history of the tertiary deposits of those days that we have of our own, and not that a geological record of events has been continued up to that period.

1917 M. A. Allen Oil & Its Geol. 32 Geological records of all water wells, artesian wells or any other boring which passes through sedimentary rocks should be kept.

1952 W. J. Miller Introd. Hist. Geol. (ed. 6) iv. 26 It is plain, from the geological record, that amphibians not only appeared later than fishes, but also that they evolved from the fishes.

2010 Independent 6 July (Viewspaper section) 13/2 The world is starting to undergo a Sixth Great Extinction (to follow the other five great extinctions in the geological record).

geological survey n. detailed investigation of the geological features and resources of a region; an instance or record of this; (also with capital initials) (the name of) an official body responsible for conducting such surveys.Many countries and states have established a Geological Survey, beginning with Great Britain in 1835.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > surveying > [noun] > types of survey

trigonometrical survey1801

geological survey1818

traverse survey1860

cadastral survey1861

coast-lining1902

resistivity survey1924

resistivity surveying1932

1818 Guide to Grand Cavern within Abraham's Heights, Matlock Bath 10 A Mineralogical and Geological Survey by Mr. Mawe, pronounces this Cavern to be a most interesting Mineral Discovery.

1846 (title) Memoirs of the geological survey of Great Britain, and of the Museum of Economic Geology in London.

1860 W. H. Brewer Let. 15 Nov. in Up & down Calif. (2003) 9 The members of the Geological Survey were on their way.

1879 Nature 27 Feb. 382/2 Why does he..speak of the ‘Cambrians’ and ‘Silurians?’ These are adjectives, and not nouns, and though in the field-slang of the Geological Survey, or of geologists generally they may be tolerated, they ought not to appear in any grave published work.

1902 H. J. L. Beadnell Prelim. Note Arsinoitherium Zitteli 3 Discovery of Eocene mammalian and reptilian remains made last year by the Geological Survey of Egypt.

1995 N. Hudson Soil Conservation (ed. 3) ix. 195 Geological surveys, soil surveys, meteorological and hydrological data.

2009 New Yorker 20 Apr. 89/2 One wildlife bulletin from the U.S. Geological Survey called the species ‘omnicarnivorous’.

geological time n. time measured with reference to geological events; the time which has elapsed since the formation of the earth and the beginning of the historical period.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > reckoning of time > [noun] > geological time

geological time1826

geologic time1838

1826 Q. Jrnl. Jan. 205 [The lignites] form the link which, in some measure, unites coal and peat, so distant in geological time and place.

1862 T. H. Huxley in Notices & Proc. Royal Inst. 3 151 That vast series of Ages..which may be called ‘geological time’ (to distinguish it from the ‘historical time’ which followed, and the ‘pre-geological time’ which preceded it).

1875 J. Croll Climate & Time xix. 326 It is..impossible to form an adequate conception of the length of geological time.

1923 L. D. Stamp Introd. Stratigr. i. 5 Geological time is divided into five great Eras, and into a number of Periods.

1971 S. Smith in K. Dick Ivy & Stevie 50 It is heaven to think of geological time.

2007 T. Friend Third Domain iv. 120 A massive swath of Yellowstone National Park is a caldera—the crater of a supervolcano that has erupted like clockwork over geological time.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	geological
释义	geologicaladj. Brit. /ˌdʒiːəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/, /dʒɪəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/, U.S. /ˌdʒiəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin geologia , -ical suffix. Etymology: < post-classical Latin geologia geology n. + -ical suffix. Compare slightly later geology n. and later geologic adj. 1. a. Of or relating to geology, or the rocks and other materials, structures, and processes with which it is concerned. Cf. geologic adj. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > [adjective] geologicala1723 geologic1791 geognostical1792 geognostic1794 a1723 H. Rowlands Idea Agriculturæ (1764) xi. 147 As to the true physical Cause and Reason of these Shells,..I cannot believe that vulgar Conceit, that they were left there by the Deluge, though improved by some late Physiologist to a Geological Hypothesis. 1795 J. Hutton Theory Earth (new ed.) I. i. ii. 205 Our author begins by examining a geological operation. 1808 in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 13 1014/2 One of the most able engineers, who was also possessed of a vast geological knowledge. 1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. 346 The subterraneous ‘Flora’ of a geological formation. 1876 D. Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 6) ii. 31 Hypotheses..which are sometimes advanced to account for geological phenomena. 1929 V. G. Childe Danube in Prehist. p. vii Where stratigraphical or geological evidence is lacking, we must have recourse to typology. 1969 G. M. Bennison & A. E. Wright Geol. Hist. Brit. Isles i. 10 A bed may contain fossils of a previous geological age. 1982 M. Rule Mary Rose i. 38 Her keel rested on the intractable geological clay 2 to 3 metres below. 2004 Washington Post 14 May (Home ed.) a3/5 An Australian colleague tipped off the researchers about an underwater geological formation called the Bedout High. b. In extended use with reference to the moon, Mars, etc.: = geologic adj. 1b. ΚΠ 1844 E. Hopkins On Connexion Geol. with Terrestr. Magnetism xii. 77 Persons have actually attempted to describe the geological features of the moon. 1934 Sci. News Let. 8 Sept. 148/2 One theory says that the clefts are geological faults on the moon's surface. 1966 Space Res.: Direct. for Future (National Acad. Sci.–National Res. Council (U.S.)) 16 The present paper deals specifically with Mars and only with the very early approach to its geological study. 2008 Nature 10 July 170/3 The ages of the green and orange glasses are similar to those of the surrounding lunar basaltic rocks, which links them to the geological evolution of the Moon. 2. Of a person: engaged in the practice or study of geology; interested or expert in geology; = geologic adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > geologist > [adjective] geologic1831 geological1831 1831 Brit. Critic 9 80 The Cambridge geological professor..would attempt in vain to lead out his class to a ‘field-day’. 1835 Philos. Mag. 7 52 My geological readers do not require to be told that there are no fossilized remains of the ‘Silurus’, or bony Pike, in these deposits. 1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone Narr. Exped. Zambesi ii. 54 A picture of dislocation or unconformability which would gladden a geological lecturer's heart. 1935 Ann. Brit. School Athens 1932–3 33 9 New light could be thrown on the position of Doulichion by the investigations of geographical and geological experts. 1985 G. Benford Artifact v. i. 289 They had to get the gravitometer from a geological group across campus. 2004 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 29 Feb. (Review section) 12 At times he is a geological tourist, taking his reader on a guided tour of Hawaiian lava flows. Compounds geological hammer n. a hammer designed for splitting and breaking rock for the purposes of field geology, mineral collecting, etc., typically made from hardened steel with one side flat and the other pick- or chisel-shaped. ΚΠ 1821 Eclectic Rev. May 441 See his long paper on ‘Geological Hammers’. 1874 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 164 173 We landed, armed with picks and geological hammers for our work. 1960 R. Casanova Fossil Collecting (1970) v. 102 A geological hammer and a chisel are essential, although any medium-sized hammer would do as a temporary makeshift. 2005 Smithsonian Dec. 64/1 Darwin would have brought his geological hammer, a clinometer for measuring inclines, a shotgun for collecting birds..and, of course, water. geological map n. a map showing the geological features of an area, esp. the type of rock on or under the surface. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > map > [noun] > other types of map mappa mundia1387 mappemondea1393 table1610 Mercator's chart1645 Peutingerian tablea1657 Mercator1694 hemisphere1706 Peutinger1731 road map1741 geological map1798 route map1816 ordnance map1828 outline map1836 contour map1862 index map1869 hypsographical map1881 soil map1898 wheel-map1899 strip map1903 distribution map1947 worm's-eye map1964 topo1970 1798 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Southern Counties II. 385 A geological map of England..I have given of Yorkshire, showing, not only its mountain, upland, and vale districts, but giving an adequate idea of their elevations, and casts of surface. 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. I. 123 Geological map of England, showing the extent and position of the Bristol basin. 1995 Mineral. Mag. 59 130 (caption) Geological map of the northern part of the Nubian shield in eastern Egypt. geological record n. (a) the visible evidence of geological change; esp. the fossil content of rock strata, as used to date strata or their fossils; an instance of this for a particular period, place, or taxon; (b) a record of geological facts or data. ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > written record > [noun] > other types of written record criminal record1687 police record1773 office copy1776 geological record1811 time card1837 phylactery1855 reservation1884 press cutting1888 record1897 trace1898 swindle sheet1906 form sheet1911 Dead Sea Scrolls1949 yellow card1970 society > communication > indication > marking > a mark > trace or vestige > [noun] > other traces or vestiges staddle1691 Indian sign1805 geological record1811 powder mark1823 earmark1836 rock record1851 tool-mark1865 staddle-stead1868 staddle-mark1876 waterline1876 posthole1888 tooth-mark1889 pollen count1926 snake mark1929 parch mark1947 tranchet blow1949 posthole pattern1950 posthole evidence1962 1811 Retrospect of Discov. 6 117 The account of these volcanoes..relates to one of the most extensive physical changes that the geological records of our globe exhibit. 1836 Rec. Gen. Sci. 4 468 I am..supposing that the geologists of a future epoch have the same amount of information respecting the history of the tertiary deposits of those days that we have of our own, and not that a geological record of events has been continued up to that period. 1917 M. A. Allen Oil & Its Geol. 32 Geological records of all water wells, artesian wells or any other boring which passes through sedimentary rocks should be kept. 1952 W. J. Miller Introd. Hist. Geol. (ed. 6) iv. 26 It is plain, from the geological record, that amphibians not only appeared later than fishes, but also that they evolved from the fishes. 2010 Independent 6 July (Viewspaper section) 13/2 The world is starting to undergo a Sixth Great Extinction (to follow the other five great extinctions in the geological record). geological survey n. detailed investigation of the geological features and resources of a region; an instance or record of this; (also with capital initials) (the name of) an official body responsible for conducting such surveys.Many countries and states have established a Geological Survey, beginning with Great Britain in 1835. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > surveying > [noun] > types of survey trigonometrical survey1801 geological survey1818 traverse survey1860 cadastral survey1861 coast-lining1902 resistivity survey1924 resistivity surveying1932 1818 Guide to Grand Cavern within Abraham's Heights, Matlock Bath 10 A Mineralogical and Geological Survey by Mr. Mawe, pronounces this Cavern to be a most interesting Mineral Discovery. 1846 (title) Memoirs of the geological survey of Great Britain, and of the Museum of Economic Geology in London. 1860 W. H. Brewer Let. 15 Nov. in Up & down Calif. (2003) 9 The members of the Geological Survey were on their way. 1879 Nature 27 Feb. 382/2 Why does he..speak of the ‘Cambrians’ and ‘Silurians?’ These are adjectives, and not nouns, and though in the field-slang of the Geological Survey, or of geologists generally they may be tolerated, they ought not to appear in any grave published work. 1902 H. J. L. Beadnell Prelim. Note Arsinoitherium Zitteli 3 Discovery of Eocene mammalian and reptilian remains made last year by the Geological Survey of Egypt. 1995 N. Hudson Soil Conservation (ed. 3) ix. 195 Geological surveys, soil surveys, meteorological and hydrological data. 2009 New Yorker 20 Apr. 89/2 One wildlife bulletin from the U.S. Geological Survey called the species ‘omnicarnivorous’. geological time n. time measured with reference to geological events; the time which has elapsed since the formation of the earth and the beginning of the historical period. ΘΚΠ the world > time > reckoning of time > [noun] > geological time geological time1826 geologic time1838 1826 Q. Jrnl. Jan. 205 [The lignites] form the link which, in some measure, unites coal and peat, so distant in geological time and place. 1862 T. H. Huxley in Notices & Proc. Royal Inst. 3 151 That vast series of Ages..which may be called ‘geological time’ (to distinguish it from the ‘historical time’ which followed, and the ‘pre-geological time’ which preceded it). 1875 J. Croll Climate & Time xix. 326 It is..impossible to form an adequate conception of the length of geological time. 1923 L. D. Stamp Introd. Stratigr. i. 5 Geological time is divided into five great Eras, and into a number of Periods. 1971 S. Smith in K. Dick Ivy & Stevie 50 It is heaven to think of geological time. 2007 T. Friend Third Domain iv. 120 A massive swath of Yellowstone National Park is a caldera—the crater of a supervolcano that has erupted like clockwork over geological time. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.a1723
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