gildedadj.

Brit.

/ˈɡɪldᵻd/, U.S.

/ˈɡɪldᵻd/

Forms:

α. Old English gegild (rare), Old English gegyld, Middle English geld, Middle English gild, Middle English gilde, Middle English gyld, Middle English gylde.

β. 1500s gylded, 1500s– gilded, 1500s–1700s guilded, 1600s gildet (Scottish).

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: gild v., -ed suffix¹.

Etymology: < gild v. + -ed suffix¹. Compare the α. and β. forms of the past participle of gild v., and see discussion at that entry. Compare also gilt adj., ygilt adj.¹, gilted adj., and overgilded adj. at overgild v. Derivatives. In later use gilded is generally preferred over gilt (except in sense 1, due to the influence of gilt n.²).Earlier currency of sense 2 is perhaps implied by the following attestation of glided , if the proposed emendation is accepted, but the manuscript reading has been defended as showing an extended use of glide v. in a sense ‘to float in the air’:?c1350 Ballad Sc. Wars 20 in A. Brandl & O. Zippel Mitteleng. Sprach- u. Literaturproben (1917) 137 His berd was syde ay large span, And glided [perhaps read gilded] als þe fether of pae [rhymes gae, mae].

1. Covered with a thin coating of gold, esp. with gold leaf, or (in later use) an imitation of this; decorated with gilding.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > gilding and silvering > [adjective] > gilded

gildedOE

giltc1330

ygilt1340

gilteda1400

gold-hewna1400

gold-beatenc1400

gold-beata1413

overgilta1425

parcel-gilt1453

party-gilt1469

begilded1594

inaurated1623

parcela1625

begilta1637

water-gilt1707

inaurate1855

α.

OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 93 Crisendica, gyldena uel gegilde fatu.

lOE Rec. Gifts of Bp. Æðelwold to Peterborough (Sawyer 1448) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Peterborough Abbey (2009) 324 Þæt is þonne an Cristesboc mid sylure berenod &.. ii sylurene candelsticcan & ii ouergylde..& ii gegylde weofodsceatas.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 569 Miche watȝ þe gyld gere þat glent þer alofte.

β. 1540 L. Ridley Comm. vpon Sayncte Paules Epyst. to Ephesyans i. C.3 Nor for their tapers, torches, carued paynted, or gylded Images.?1566 J. Alday tr. P. Boaistuau Theatrum Mundi sig. I 5 Their goodly gilded cups and goblets [Fr. leurs tasses & magnificences de leurs bufferz].a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) v. sig. Rr5 When the marchaunt hath set out his guilded baggage.a1640 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (1651) ii. ii. iv. 271 Two or three hundred guilded Gallies on the water.1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 17 May (1965) I. 358 In one Corner is a little Gallery enclos'd with Gilded Lattices.1738 G. Smith tr. Laboratory i. 23 To give the Guilded Work a fine Colour.1778 W. Hutchinson View Northumberland I. 91 It is cut in wood, and intermixed with gilded ornaments in rose work, in a fillet of the great screen.1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xix. 317 The display of jewels, plumes, and lace, led horses and gilded coaches, which daily surrounded him.1901 J. Conrad & F. M. Hueffer Inheritors xiii. 210 I sat on a plush-bottomed gilded chair.1978 G. Vidal Kalki iii. ii. 69 I could just make out the gilded statue of the Buddha.2015 B. Ridge & J. Kilmer-Purcell Beekman 1802 Style i. 6/2 We're collecting varying sizes of circular gilded eagle-topped mirrors.

2. figurative. Covered or tinged with a golden colour or appearance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > yellow or yellowness > [adjective] > golden yellow

gildenOE

goldena1382

goldya1398

dory1398

goldc1400

goldisha1425

sunlyc1425

goldlya1450

aureatec1450

gildedc1450

giltenc1450

scorn-golda1586

Pactolian1586

aureal1587

gold colour1648

gold-coloured1674

spun gold1728

aurulent1731

aurelian1791

deaurated1818

Tuscan1830

corn-coloured1854

old gold1877

buttercup yellow1880

aureoline1881

sun gold1887

Tuscan-coloured1905

guinea-gold1938

spun-golden1978

c1450 ( G. Chaucer Bk. Duchess (Fairf. 16) (1871) l. 338 Throgh the glas the sonne shon..With many glade gilde [a1450 Tanner gilti] stremys.

1534 tr. L. Valla Treat. Donation vnto Syluester sig. H.iv It can nat be vnderstanded but only of y^e raynes or leddres of y^e bridels or collers, which ar wont to be put about y^e gilded necke of an horse, or of some other beest.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 62 Gilde hores had þat gay godely to se.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. i. 179 The purest treasure mortall times afford, Is spotlesse Reputation that away Men are but guilded loame, or painted clay.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) i. iv. 62 Thou did'st drinke The stale of Horses, and the gilded Puddle Which Beasts would cough at.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 49 Fishes..some gilded like Gold.

1736 N. Bailey Dict. Domesticum 35 Apples are wholesome and laxative..and the more they are gilded, the more wholesomer they are.

1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 922 Like summer birds Pursuing gilded flies.

1815 J. F. Stephens Shaw's Gen. Zool. IX. i. 127 The upper parts of the bird are of a rich, gilded, glossy green.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. v. 39 It remained the only gilded summit in view.

1936 ‘G. Orwell’ Keep Aspidistra Flying i. 19 A youth..with gilded hair, tripped Nancifully in.

2001 Independent 6 Jan. (Time Off section) 5/4 He wandered between her legs, enjoying catching his reflection in the gilded sheen of her stockings.

3. figurative and in figurative contexts, in various senses; esp. adorned or embellished so as to seem attractive, reputable, etc.

ΚΠ

1600 R. Kittowe Loues Load-starre sig. H2^v Why seeke you to ensnare me with your poysoning baites, on guilded hookes?

1601 W. Cornwallis Disc. Seneca sig. E6^v Setting vp..wealth against honestie; gilded honour, aboue reall.

1626 C. Potter tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Quarrels 404 In those things which he desired, men vsed guilded or disguised words.

1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar ii. §12. 91 Poverty of Spirit; that is..a divorce of our affections from those guilded vanities [etc.].

a1668 W. Davenant Man's the Master (1669) v. 62 Having first swallow'd the gilded Pill of Love, it prepares the stomach for any thing.

1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 39 Allur'd By every gilded folly.

1827 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War II. 574 Gilded disasters were called splendid victories.

1831 W. Scott Count Robert iv, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. I. 110 His respect..would prove more truly flattering, than the gilded assent of the whole court.

1874 F. W. Farrar Silence & Voices of God iii. 63 When the old iron discipline had yielded to an effeminate luxury and a gilded pollution.

1932 E. Bowen To North xxi. 226 The weather left nerves bare: one expected that even the gilded eighteen-year-old shivered, stepping into the ball-room.

2007 Daily Tel. 21 Sept. 24/5 The gilded myths of celebrityhood are laid bare and the clinical roll-call reads like a night at the Baftas.

Compounds

gilded cage n. a luxurious but restrictive environment or situation. [The expression apparently recalls an existing literary commonplace of a cage made of or adorned with gold; compare e.g.:

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Manciple's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 64 Al though his Cage of gold be neuer so gay Yet hath this bryd..Leuere in a Forest þ^t is rude and cold Gon ete wormes.

a1500 (?a1410) J. Lydgate Churl & Bird (Lansd.) l. 93 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 472 And thouh my cage forged were of gold, And the pynaclis of berel & cristall, I remembre a prouerbe seid of old, ‘Who lesith his fredam, in soth, he lesith all.’

1594 T. Stocker tr. G. Du Vair Holy Loue Heauenly Wisdome 69 Surely, all these goods which bring with them nothing else but sorrow and griefe..are nothing else but a cage of gold, and a prison of siluer vnto their maisters.

]

ΚΠ

1693 J. Mackqueen Magistrat's Dignity, Duty, & Danger 5 The Palace is but a stately Prison, or a gilded Cage, [and] they Sleep more soundly..who dwell in Cottages.

1799 G. Walker Vagabond I. viii. 180 Her soul was not to be confined in a gilded cage, and she would not bow to the bashaw dictates of a master.

1880 Catholic World July 466 She was unhappy, and..the luxury by which she was now surrounded was at best for her but a gilded cage.

1908 N. Amer. Rev. July 42 She is..unable to decide that she has the strength to exchange for liberty and poverty the gilded cage in which she is imprisoned.

1960 Wall Street Jrnl. 18 Jan. 12/3 In Communist ruled countries..the successful writer..who toes the line..is kept in a gilded cage.

2015 Yorks. Evening Post (Nexis) 20 Nov. The album's sweetest moment..is filled with reflections on being trapped in fame's gilded cage.

Gilded Chamber n. (a name for) the House of Lords.

ΚΠ

1850 Daily News 24 June 4/2 The subservient band, who clamour in accordance with every caprice of their makers and masters in the gilded chamber.

1894 J. Burns in Daily News 12 Feb. 6/3 The House of Lords had ceased to be the stronghold of a high type of statesmanship..The ‘Gilded Chamber’ was a misnomer.

2017 Washington Post (Nexis) 24 Mar. a1 A lord was in the Gilded Chamber, waiting for a 3 p.m. session on topics including school gardens and the digital economy.

† gilded moonshine n. slang Obsolete rare fraudulent bills of exchange.

ΚΠ

1823 ‘J. Bee’ Slang 121 Gilded Moonshine, sham bills of exchange: ‘no effects’.

1824 Hist. Gaming Houses 19 To borrow money on his own notes of hand, which they call ‘gilded moonshine’.

gilded youth n. [after French jeunesse dorée jeunesse dorée n.] young people of wealth, privilege, or fashion considered as a group; = jeunesse dorée n.; also as a count noun; cf. gilt youth n. at gilt adj. Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > fashionable society > [noun] > member of > male > collectively

gilded youth1763

chivalry1816

gilt youth1837

glitterati1956

beautiful people1967

1763 Satires on Times 31 Is the gilded Youth who shines at Balls, the Plain, with equal Spirit, form'd to tread?

1824 C. R. Maturin Albigenses I. x. 295 Thou lookest not among those gay and gilded youths like a roosted owl amid a cast of newly-bathed falcons with their bells and bravery on.

1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity I. 9 The old warlike spirit of the Romans was dead among the gilded youth of families in which [etc.].

1918 B. Tarkington Magnificent Ambersons x. 143 In all the wild orgy of wastefulness and luxury with which the nineteenth century reaches its close, the gilded youth has been surely the worst symptom.

1961 Guardian 13 Sept. 8/3 Many a gilded youth..has been ‘taken to the cleaners’ once too often at midnight parties.

2005 R. Rankin Brightonomicon 180 We followed Cutler (the butler)..to lawns that lay beyond, lawns upon which gilded youth mingled with old money.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	gilded
释义	gildedadj. Brit. /ˈɡɪldᵻd/, U.S. /ˈɡɪldᵻd/ Forms: α. Old English gegild (rare), Old English gegyld, Middle English geld, Middle English gild, Middle English gilde, Middle English gyld, Middle English gylde. β. 1500s gylded, 1500s– gilded, 1500s–1700s guilded, 1600s gildet (Scottish). Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: gild v., -ed suffix¹. Etymology: < gild v. + -ed suffix¹. Compare the α. and β. forms of the past participle of gild v., and see discussion at that entry. Compare also gilt adj., ygilt adj.¹, gilted adj., and overgilded adj. at overgild v. Derivatives. In later use gilded is generally preferred over gilt (except in sense 1, due to the influence of gilt n.²).Earlier currency of sense 2 is perhaps implied by the following attestation of glided , if the proposed emendation is accepted, but the manuscript reading has been defended as showing an extended use of glide v. in a sense ‘to float in the air’:?c1350 Ballad Sc. Wars 20 in A. Brandl & O. Zippel Mitteleng. Sprach- u. Literaturproben (1917) 137 His berd was syde ay large span, And glided [perhaps read gilded] als þe fether of pae [rhymes gae, mae]. 1. Covered with a thin coating of gold, esp. with gold leaf, or (in later use) an imitation of this; decorated with gilding. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > gilding and silvering > [adjective] > gilded gildedOE giltc1330 ygilt1340 gilteda1400 gold-hewna1400 gold-beatenc1400 gold-beata1413 overgilta1425 parcel-gilt1453 party-gilt1469 begilded1594 inaurated1623 parcela1625 begilta1637 water-gilt1707 inaurate1855 α. OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 93 Crisendica, gyldena uel gegilde fatu. lOE Rec. Gifts of Bp. Æðelwold to Peterborough (Sawyer 1448) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Peterborough Abbey (2009) 324 Þæt is þonne an Cristesboc mid sylure berenod &.. ii sylurene candelsticcan & ii ouergylde..& ii gegylde weofodsceatas. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 569 Miche watȝ þe gyld gere þat glent þer alofte. β. 1540 L. Ridley Comm. vpon Sayncte Paules Epyst. to Ephesyans i. C.3 Nor for their tapers, torches, carued paynted, or gylded Images.?1566 J. Alday tr. P. Boaistuau Theatrum Mundi sig. I 5 Their goodly gilded cups and goblets [Fr. leurs tasses & magnificences de leurs bufferz].a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) v. sig. Rr5 When the marchaunt hath set out his guilded baggage.a1640 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (1651) ii. ii. iv. 271 Two or three hundred guilded Gallies on the water.1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 17 May (1965) I. 358 In one Corner is a little Gallery enclos'd with Gilded Lattices.1738 G. Smith tr. Laboratory i. 23 To give the Guilded Work a fine Colour.1778 W. Hutchinson View Northumberland I. 91 It is cut in wood, and intermixed with gilded ornaments in rose work, in a fillet of the great screen.1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xix. 317 The display of jewels, plumes, and lace, led horses and gilded coaches, which daily surrounded him.1901 J. Conrad & F. M. Hueffer Inheritors xiii. 210 I sat on a plush-bottomed gilded chair.1978 G. Vidal Kalki iii. ii. 69 I could just make out the gilded statue of the Buddha.2015 B. Ridge & J. Kilmer-Purcell Beekman 1802 Style i. 6/2 We're collecting varying sizes of circular gilded eagle-topped mirrors. 2. figurative. Covered or tinged with a golden colour or appearance. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > yellow or yellowness > [adjective] > golden yellow gildenOE goldena1382 goldya1398 dory1398 goldc1400 goldisha1425 sunlyc1425 goldlya1450 aureatec1450 gildedc1450 giltenc1450 scorn-golda1586 Pactolian1586 aureal1587 gold colour1648 gold-coloured1674 spun gold1728 aurulent1731 aurelian1791 deaurated1818 Tuscan1830 corn-coloured1854 old gold1877 buttercup yellow1880 aureoline1881 sun gold1887 Tuscan-coloured1905 guinea-gold1938 spun-golden1978 c1450 ( G. Chaucer Bk. Duchess (Fairf. 16) (1871) l. 338 Throgh the glas the sonne shon..With many glade gilde [a1450 Tanner gilti] stremys. 1534 tr. L. Valla Treat. Donation vnto Syluester sig. H.iv It can nat be vnderstanded but only of y^e raynes or leddres of y^e bridels or collers, which ar wont to be put about y^e gilded necke of an horse, or of some other beest. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 62 Gilde hores had þat gay godely to se. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. i. 179 The purest treasure mortall times afford, Is spotlesse Reputation that away Men are but guilded loame, or painted clay. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) i. iv. 62 Thou did'st drinke The stale of Horses, and the gilded Puddle Which Beasts would cough at. View more context for this quotation 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 49 Fishes..some gilded like Gold. 1736 N. Bailey Dict. Domesticum 35 Apples are wholesome and laxative..and the more they are gilded, the more wholesomer they are. 1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 922 Like summer birds Pursuing gilded flies. 1815 J. F. Stephens Shaw's Gen. Zool. IX. i. 127 The upper parts of the bird are of a rich, gilded, glossy green. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. v. 39 It remained the only gilded summit in view. 1936 ‘G. Orwell’ Keep Aspidistra Flying i. 19 A youth..with gilded hair, tripped Nancifully in. 2001 Independent 6 Jan. (Time Off section) 5/4 He wandered between her legs, enjoying catching his reflection in the gilded sheen of her stockings. 3. figurative and in figurative contexts, in various senses; esp. adorned or embellished so as to seem attractive, reputable, etc. ΚΠ 1600 R. Kittowe Loues Load-starre sig. H2^v Why seeke you to ensnare me with your poysoning baites, on guilded hookes? 1601 W. Cornwallis Disc. Seneca sig. E6^v Setting vp..wealth against honestie; gilded honour, aboue reall. 1626 C. Potter tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Quarrels 404 In those things which he desired, men vsed guilded or disguised words. 1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar ii. §12. 91 Poverty of Spirit; that is..a divorce of our affections from those guilded vanities [etc.]. a1668 W. Davenant Man's the Master (1669) v. 62 Having first swallow'd the gilded Pill of Love, it prepares the stomach for any thing. 1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 39 Allur'd By every gilded folly. 1827 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War II. 574 Gilded disasters were called splendid victories. 1831 W. Scott Count Robert iv, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. I. 110 His respect..would prove more truly flattering, than the gilded assent of the whole court. 1874 F. W. Farrar Silence & Voices of God iii. 63 When the old iron discipline had yielded to an effeminate luxury and a gilded pollution. 1932 E. Bowen To North xxi. 226 The weather left nerves bare: one expected that even the gilded eighteen-year-old shivered, stepping into the ball-room. 2007 Daily Tel. 21 Sept. 24/5 The gilded myths of celebrityhood are laid bare and the clinical roll-call reads like a night at the Baftas. Compounds gilded cage n. a luxurious but restrictive environment or situation. [The expression apparently recalls an existing literary commonplace of a cage made of or adorned with gold; compare e.g.: c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Manciple's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 64 Al though his Cage of gold be neuer so gay Yet hath this bryd..Leuere in a Forest þ^t is rude and cold Gon ete wormes. a1500 (?a1410) J. Lydgate Churl & Bird (Lansd.) l. 93 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 472 And thouh my cage forged were of gold, And the pynaclis of berel & cristall, I remembre a prouerbe seid of old, ‘Who lesith his fredam, in soth, he lesith all.’ 1594 T. Stocker tr. G. Du Vair Holy Loue Heauenly Wisdome 69 Surely, all these goods which bring with them nothing else but sorrow and griefe..are nothing else but a cage of gold, and a prison of siluer vnto their maisters. ] ΚΠ 1693 J. Mackqueen Magistrat's Dignity, Duty, & Danger 5 The Palace is but a stately Prison, or a gilded Cage, [and] they Sleep more soundly..who dwell in Cottages. 1799 G. Walker Vagabond I. viii. 180 Her soul was not to be confined in a gilded cage, and she would not bow to the bashaw dictates of a master. 1880 Catholic World July 466 She was unhappy, and..the luxury by which she was now surrounded was at best for her but a gilded cage. 1908 N. Amer. Rev. July 42 She is..unable to decide that she has the strength to exchange for liberty and poverty the gilded cage in which she is imprisoned. 1960 Wall Street Jrnl. 18 Jan. 12/3 In Communist ruled countries..the successful writer..who toes the line..is kept in a gilded cage. 2015 Yorks. Evening Post (Nexis) 20 Nov. The album's sweetest moment..is filled with reflections on being trapped in fame's gilded cage. Gilded Chamber n. (a name for) the House of Lords. ΚΠ 1850 Daily News 24 June 4/2 The subservient band, who clamour in accordance with every caprice of their makers and masters in the gilded chamber. 1894 J. Burns in Daily News 12 Feb. 6/3 The House of Lords had ceased to be the stronghold of a high type of statesmanship..The ‘Gilded Chamber’ was a misnomer. 2017 Washington Post (Nexis) 24 Mar. a1 A lord was in the Gilded Chamber, waiting for a 3 p.m. session on topics including school gardens and the digital economy. † gilded moonshine n. slang Obsolete rare fraudulent bills of exchange. ΚΠ 1823 ‘J. Bee’ Slang 121 Gilded Moonshine, sham bills of exchange: ‘no effects’. 1824 Hist. Gaming Houses 19 To borrow money on his own notes of hand, which they call ‘gilded moonshine’. gilded youth n. [after French jeunesse dorée jeunesse dorée n.] young people of wealth, privilege, or fashion considered as a group; = jeunesse dorée n.; also as a count noun; cf. gilt youth n. at gilt adj. Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > fashionable society > [noun] > member of > male > collectively gilded youth1763 chivalry1816 gilt youth1837 glitterati1956 beautiful people1967 1763 Satires on Times 31 Is the gilded Youth who shines at Balls, the Plain, with equal Spirit, form'd to tread? 1824 C. R. Maturin Albigenses I. x. 295 Thou lookest not among those gay and gilded youths like a roosted owl amid a cast of newly-bathed falcons with their bells and bravery on. 1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity I. 9 The old warlike spirit of the Romans was dead among the gilded youth of families in which [etc.]. 1918 B. Tarkington Magnificent Ambersons x. 143 In all the wild orgy of wastefulness and luxury with which the nineteenth century reaches its close, the gilded youth has been surely the worst symptom. 1961 Guardian 13 Sept. 8/3 Many a gilded youth..has been ‘taken to the cleaners’ once too often at midnight parties. 2005 R. Rankin Brightonomicon 180 We followed Cutler (the butler)..to lawns that lay beyond, lawns upon which gilded youth mingled with old money. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.OE
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