glyco-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Origin: Partly a borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Partly formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: Greek γλυκύς , -o- connective; glycerol n., -o- connective.

Etymology: Partly < ancient Greek γλυκύς sweet (see note) + -o- connective, and partly (in names of chemical compounds) < glyc- (in e.g. glycerol n.) + -o- connective. Compare gluco- comb. form.A more regular combining form of Greek γλυκύς would be glycy- ( < ancient Greek γλυκυ- ); compare e.g. glycypicron n., glycyrize n. Ancient Greek γλυκύς may be related to classical Latin dulcis; it is possible that both words are borrowed from an unknown source. Compare French glyco-, German glyco-.

Irregularly used (instead of glycy-) as a combining form of Greek γλυκύς sweet, and in names of chemical compounds to indicate the presence of glycerol or some other substance with a name beginning with glyc-. In modern chemical nomenclature, usually used to refer to sugars generally, in contradistinction to gluco- comb. form: so glycose n., glycoside n., etc. (cf. glucose n., glucoside n.).

glyco-benzoic n.

Brit.

/ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)bɛnˈzəʊɪk/

/ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)bɛnˈzəʊɪk/

U.S.

/ˌɡlaɪkoʊˌbɛnˈzoʊɪk/

(see quots.).

ΚΠ

1852 H. B. Jones & A. W. Hoffman Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 4) 481 Glycobenzoic acid is a crystalline substance, slightly soluble in water.

glyco-cyamidine n.

Brit.

/ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)sʌɪˈamᵻdiːn/

/ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)sʌɪˈamᵻdiːn/

U.S.

/ˌɡlaɪkoʊˌsaɪˈæməˌdin/

(see quots.).

ΚΠ

1864 H. Watts Dict. Chem. II. 906 Glyco-cyamidine, an organic base homologous with creatinine, and related to glycocyamine in the same manner as creatinine to creatine.

glyco-cyamine n.

Brit.

/ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈsʌɪəmiːn/

/ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈsʌɪəmɪn/

/ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)ˈsʌɪəmiːn/

/ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)ˈsʌɪəmɪn/

U.S.

/ˌɡlaɪkoʊˈsaɪəˌmin/

/ˌɡlaɪkoʊˈsaɪəmən/

(see quots.).

ΚΠ

1864 H. Watts Dict. Chem. II. 906 Glyco-cyamine, a compound homologous with creatine, produced by the union of cyanamide with glycocine.

glycoformal n.

Brit.

/ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈfɔːmal/

/ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)ˈfɔːmal/

U.S.

/ˌɡlaɪkoʊˈfɔrˌmæl/

a solution of glycerine and formaldehyde used as a disinfectant. [ < German Glycoformal (1898) < glyco- glyco- comb. form + formal- (in Formaldehyd formaldehyde n.).]

ΚΠ

1898 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 74 ii. 349 A solution of formaldehyde in glycerol, which they [sc. R. Walther and A. Schlossman] call ‘glycoformal’.

glyco-gelatin n.

Brit.

/ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛlətɪn/

/ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛlətɪn/

U.S.

/ˌɡlaɪkoʊˈdʒɛlətn/

a combination of glycerine and gelatin used in the making of lozenges and pastilles.

ΚΠ

1884 M. Mackenzie Man. Dis. Throat & Nose II. 551 The basis of the preparation [of pastils] is glyco-gelatine, a compound much employed in the manufacture of pessaries and soluble bougies.

glycohaemia n.

Brit.

/ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈhiːmɪə/

/ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)ˈhiːmɪə/

U.S.

/ˌɡlaɪkoʊˈhimiə/

(see quot.).

ΚΠ

1866 A. Flint Treat. Princ. Med. 76 The abnormal presence of sugar in the blood is expressed by the term glycohaemia.

glycolipid n.

Brit.

/ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈlɪpɪd/

/ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)ˈlɪpɪd/

U.S.

/ˌɡlaɪkoʊˈlɪpᵻd/

Biochemistry any substance which is a combination of both a carbohydrate (or carbohydrate derivative), esp. a sugar, and a lipid.

ΚΠ

1940 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 132 178 The cerebroside..belongs to a new class of glycolipids which probably differ from previously described cerebrosides only because they contain glucose in place of galactose.

1970 C. N. Graymore Biochem. Eye vii. 507 Cerebrosides and gangliosides may also be classified as glycolipids, both containing hexoses.

glycophyte n.

Brit.

/ˈɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)fʌɪt/

/ˈɡlɪkə(ʊ)fʌɪt/

U.S.

/ˈɡlaɪkəˌfaɪt/

Ecology a plant whose growth is inhibited by saline soil (cf. halophyte n. at halo- comb. form¹ ).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [noun] > that like particular type of soil

halophyte1879

psammophile1888

pelophile1905

lime-hater1907

lime-lover1907

acidophil1930

nitrophile1930

calcicole1932

calcifuge1946

glycophyte1947

1947 R. F. Daubenmire Plants & Environment ii. 61 Because salts so evidently interfere with the absorption of water by glykophytes, saline soils have long been considered ‘physiologically dry’..for these plants.

1964 V. J. Chapman Coastal Vegetation 96 Glycophytes such as White clover.

1969 F. B. Salisbury & C. W. Ross Plant Physiol. xxix. 692/1 Ecologists further classify those plants that are sensitive to relatively high concentrations of salt in the surrounding liquid medium..as glycophytes.

glycophytic adj.

Brit.

/ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈfɪtɪk/

/ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)ˈfɪtɪk/

U.S.

/ˌɡlaɪkoʊˈfɪdɪk/

ΚΠ

1964 V. J. Chapman Coastal Vegetation iv. 89 Other evidence of elevation is the existence of obvious invasion by glycophytic species.

† glyco-proteid n. Obsolete = glycoprotein n. [Compare German Glycoproteid (1886 or earlier).]

ΚΠ

1898 Jrnl. Physiol. 23 177 It is probable that every tissue containing proteids will be found to contain some admixture of glycoproteids.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 724/1 Glycoproteids—a number of proteids, on treatment with acid, yield various sugar-like bodies.

glycoprotein n.

Brit.

/ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈprəʊtiːn/

/ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)ˈprəʊtiːn/

U.S.

/ˌɡlaɪkoʊˈproʊˌtin/

Biochemistry any of a group of proteins with one or more usually relatively short side chains composed generally of a mixture of carbohydrates or carbohydrate derivatives.

ΚΠ

1908 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 4 p. l Glycoproteins. Compounds of the protein molecule with a substance or substances containing a carbohydrate group other than a nucleic acid.

1945 Adv. Protein Chem. 2 250 The group of proteins which contain less than 4 per cent hexosamine, classified as glycoproteins, embraces many proteins listed as albumins and globulins in the accepted classification of proteins.

1968 A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. (ed. 4) vi. 118 The distinction between glyco- and mucoproteins is arbitrary, and intermediate types exist.

1970 R. W. McGilvery Biochemistry xxiv. 585 The carbohydrate chains on glycoproteins are oligosaccharides.

glycotropic adj.

Brit.

/ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈtrɒpɪk/

/ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊpɪk/

/ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)ˈtrɒpɪk/

/ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊpɪk/

U.S.

/ˌɡlaɪkoʊˈtrɑpɪk/

/ˌɡlaɪkoʊˈtroʊpɪk/

Biochemistry antagonistic to insulin.

ΚΠ

1936 F. G. Young in Lancet 8 Aug. 301/2 The pituitary substance responsible for the rapid development of an exaggerated glycæmic response to hypoglycæmia will be called the ‘glycotropic factor’ without prejudice to the question of its existence as a separate entity.

1936 F. G. Young in Lancet 8 Aug. 301/2 Glycotropic extracts.

1955 E. B. Astwood et al. in G. Pincus & K. V. Thimann Hormones III. vii. 256 A prolactin preparation had some glycotropic activity in the dog.

Draft additions January 2018

glycosphingolipid n.

Brit.

/ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˌsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)ˈlɪpɪd/

U.S.

/ˌɡlaɪkəˌsfɪŋɡoʊˈlɪpᵻd/

(also glycosphingolipide) Biochemistry any of a class of compounds, occurring widely in cell membranes, which are sphingolipids with one or more sugar residues in their molecules, and which include cerebrosides, gangliosides, and globosides.

ΚΠ

1958 Ann. Rev. Biochem. 28 59 (heading) Other glycosphingolipides.

1963 Biol. Bull. 125 356 Studies with pure cytolipin H showed that glycosphingolipids of relatively simple structure could function as haptens (partial antigens).

1985 K. Makita & T. Taniguchi in H. Wiegandt Glycolipids i. 21 Globotetraosylceramide..was isolated as a major glycosphingolipid of human erythrocyte membranes.

2008 Science 15 Feb. 925/3 Among the candidates affected by such a perturbation are the glycosphingolipids (GSLs), which are required for HIV-host cell fusion.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	glyco-
释义	glyco-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Origin: Partly a borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Partly formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: Greek γλυκύς , -o- connective; glycerol n., -o- connective. Etymology: Partly < ancient Greek γλυκύς sweet (see note) + -o- connective, and partly (in names of chemical compounds) < glyc- (in e.g. glycerol n.) + -o- connective. Compare gluco- comb. form.A more regular combining form of Greek γλυκύς would be glycy- ( < ancient Greek γλυκυ- ); compare e.g. glycypicron n., glycyrize n. Ancient Greek γλυκύς may be related to classical Latin dulcis; it is possible that both words are borrowed from an unknown source. Compare French glyco-, German glyco-. Irregularly used (instead of glycy-) as a combining form of Greek γλυκύς sweet, and in names of chemical compounds to indicate the presence of glycerol or some other substance with a name beginning with glyc-. In modern chemical nomenclature, usually used to refer to sugars generally, in contradistinction to gluco- comb. form: so glycose n., glycoside n., etc. (cf. glucose n., glucoside n.). glyco-benzoic n. Brit. /ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)bɛnˈzəʊɪk/ , /ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)bɛnˈzəʊɪk/ , U.S. /ˌɡlaɪkoʊˌbɛnˈzoʊɪk/ (see quots.). ΚΠ 1852 H. B. Jones & A. W. Hoffman Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 4) 481 Glycobenzoic acid is a crystalline substance, slightly soluble in water. glyco-cyamidine n. Brit. /ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)sʌɪˈamᵻdiːn/ , /ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)sʌɪˈamᵻdiːn/ , U.S. /ˌɡlaɪkoʊˌsaɪˈæməˌdin/ (see quots.). ΚΠ 1864 H. Watts Dict. Chem. II. 906 Glyco-cyamidine, an organic base homologous with creatinine, and related to glycocyamine in the same manner as creatinine to creatine. glyco-cyamine n. Brit. /ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈsʌɪəmiːn/ , /ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈsʌɪəmɪn/ , /ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)ˈsʌɪəmiːn/ , /ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)ˈsʌɪəmɪn/ , U.S. /ˌɡlaɪkoʊˈsaɪəˌmin/ , /ˌɡlaɪkoʊˈsaɪəmən/ (see quots.). ΚΠ 1864 H. Watts Dict. Chem. II. 906 Glyco-cyamine, a compound homologous with creatine, produced by the union of cyanamide with glycocine. glycoformal n. Brit. /ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈfɔːmal/ , /ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)ˈfɔːmal/ , U.S. /ˌɡlaɪkoʊˈfɔrˌmæl/ a solution of glycerine and formaldehyde used as a disinfectant. [ < German Glycoformal (1898) < glyco- glyco- comb. form + formal- (in Formaldehyd formaldehyde n.).] ΚΠ 1898 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 74 ii. 349 A solution of formaldehyde in glycerol, which they [sc. R. Walther and A. Schlossman] call ‘glycoformal’. glyco-gelatin n. Brit. /ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛlətɪn/ , /ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛlətɪn/ , U.S. /ˌɡlaɪkoʊˈdʒɛlətn/ a combination of glycerine and gelatin used in the making of lozenges and pastilles. ΚΠ 1884 M. Mackenzie Man. Dis. Throat & Nose II. 551 The basis of the preparation [of pastils] is glyco-gelatine, a compound much employed in the manufacture of pessaries and soluble bougies. glycohaemia n. Brit. /ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈhiːmɪə/ , /ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)ˈhiːmɪə/ , U.S. /ˌɡlaɪkoʊˈhimiə/ (see quot.). ΚΠ 1866 A. Flint Treat. Princ. Med. 76 The abnormal presence of sugar in the blood is expressed by the term glycohaemia. glycolipid n. Brit. /ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈlɪpɪd/ , /ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)ˈlɪpɪd/ , U.S. /ˌɡlaɪkoʊˈlɪpᵻd/ Biochemistry any substance which is a combination of both a carbohydrate (or carbohydrate derivative), esp. a sugar, and a lipid. ΚΠ 1940 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 132 178 The cerebroside..belongs to a new class of glycolipids which probably differ from previously described cerebrosides only because they contain glucose in place of galactose. 1970 C. N. Graymore Biochem. Eye vii. 507 Cerebrosides and gangliosides may also be classified as glycolipids, both containing hexoses. glycophyte n. Brit. /ˈɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)fʌɪt/ , /ˈɡlɪkə(ʊ)fʌɪt/ , U.S. /ˈɡlaɪkəˌfaɪt/ Ecology a plant whose growth is inhibited by saline soil (cf. halophyte n. at halo- comb. form¹ ). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [noun] > that like particular type of soil halophyte1879 psammophile1888 pelophile1905 lime-hater1907 lime-lover1907 acidophil1930 nitrophile1930 calcicole1932 calcifuge1946 glycophyte1947 1947 R. F. Daubenmire Plants & Environment ii. 61 Because salts so evidently interfere with the absorption of water by glykophytes, saline soils have long been considered ‘physiologically dry’..for these plants. 1964 V. J. Chapman Coastal Vegetation 96 Glycophytes such as White clover. 1969 F. B. Salisbury & C. W. Ross Plant Physiol. xxix. 692/1 Ecologists further classify those plants that are sensitive to relatively high concentrations of salt in the surrounding liquid medium..as glycophytes. glycophytic adj. Brit. /ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈfɪtɪk/ , /ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)ˈfɪtɪk/ , U.S. /ˌɡlaɪkoʊˈfɪdɪk/ ΚΠ 1964 V. J. Chapman Coastal Vegetation iv. 89 Other evidence of elevation is the existence of obvious invasion by glycophytic species. † glyco-proteid n. Obsolete = glycoprotein n. [Compare German Glycoproteid (1886 or earlier).] ΚΠ 1898 Jrnl. Physiol. 23 177 It is probable that every tissue containing proteids will be found to contain some admixture of glycoproteids. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 724/1 Glycoproteids—a number of proteids, on treatment with acid, yield various sugar-like bodies. glycoprotein n. Brit. /ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈprəʊtiːn/ , /ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)ˈprəʊtiːn/ , U.S. /ˌɡlaɪkoʊˈproʊˌtin/ Biochemistry any of a group of proteins with one or more usually relatively short side chains composed generally of a mixture of carbohydrates or carbohydrate derivatives. ΚΠ 1908 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 4 p. l Glycoproteins. Compounds of the protein molecule with a substance or substances containing a carbohydrate group other than a nucleic acid. 1945 Adv. Protein Chem. 2 250 The group of proteins which contain less than 4 per cent hexosamine, classified as glycoproteins, embraces many proteins listed as albumins and globulins in the accepted classification of proteins. 1968 A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. (ed. 4) vi. 118 The distinction between glyco- and mucoproteins is arbitrary, and intermediate types exist. 1970 R. W. McGilvery Biochemistry xxiv. 585 The carbohydrate chains on glycoproteins are oligosaccharides. glycotropic adj. Brit. /ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈtrɒpɪk/ , /ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊpɪk/ , /ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)ˈtrɒpɪk/ , /ˌɡlɪkə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊpɪk/ , U.S. /ˌɡlaɪkoʊˈtrɑpɪk/ , /ˌɡlaɪkoʊˈtroʊpɪk/ Biochemistry antagonistic to insulin. ΚΠ 1936 F. G. Young in Lancet 8 Aug. 301/2 The pituitary substance responsible for the rapid development of an exaggerated glycæmic response to hypoglycæmia will be called the ‘glycotropic factor’ without prejudice to the question of its existence as a separate entity. 1936 F. G. Young in Lancet 8 Aug. 301/2 Glycotropic extracts. 1955 E. B. Astwood et al. in G. Pincus & K. V. Thimann Hormones III. vii. 256 A prolactin preparation had some glycotropic activity in the dog. Draft additions January 2018 glycosphingolipid n. Brit. /ˌɡlʌɪkə(ʊ)ˌsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)ˈlɪpɪd/ , U.S. /ˌɡlaɪkəˌsfɪŋɡoʊˈlɪpᵻd/ (also glycosphingolipide) Biochemistry any of a class of compounds, occurring widely in cell membranes, which are sphingolipids with one or more sugar residues in their molecules, and which include cerebrosides, gangliosides, and globosides. ΚΠ 1958 Ann. Rev. Biochem. 28 59 (heading) Other glycosphingolipides. 1963 Biol. Bull. 125 356 Studies with pure cytolipin H showed that glycosphingolipids of relatively simple structure could function as haptens (partial antigens). 1985 K. Makita & T. Taniguchi in H. Wiegandt Glycolipids i. 21 Globotetraosylceramide..was isolated as a major glycosphingolipid of human erythrocyte membranes. 2008 Science 15 Feb. 925/3 Among the candidates affected by such a perturbation are the glycosphingolipids (GSLs), which are required for HIV-host cell fusion. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < comb. form1852
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