glycolysisn.

/ɡlʌɪˈkɒlɪsɪs/

Etymology: < glyco- comb. form + lysis n.

Biochemistry.

An important metabolic process, the initial pathway in cell respiration, in which sugar, sugar phosphates, or precursors of these are broken down by enzymic reactions releasing energy and yielding esp. pyruvic acid or lactic acid in animal tissues; by extension, used of similar processes in other organisms yielding different products, such as ethyl alcohol in fermentation. (Originally used of the disappearance of sugar from drawn blood.)

ΚΠ

1892 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 62 i. 89 (heading) Hematic glycolysis. Estimation of glycogen in the blood.

1895 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 68 ii. 361 Glycolysis..is not a vital process, but the blood corpuscles contain substances which possess the power in question.

1904 Nature 21 Jan. 287 Their [sc. X-rays'] first action is to increase glycolysis.

1937 W. D. Halliburton & R. J. S. McDowall Handbk. Physiol. & Biochem. (ed. 35) xl. 591 The blood is kept under oil to prevent loss of CO₂. Oxalate is added to prevent clotting and fluoride to prevent glycolysis.

1959 New Scientist 29 Jan. 218/1 On death the blood supply stops and the tissues become depleted in oxygen and fermentation (or anærobic glycolysis) sets in.

1968 A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. (ed. 4) xviii. 395 Meyerhof prepared soluble extracts of muscle that catalyzed glycolysis and later demonstrated that, except for the final steps, glycolysis and alcoholic fermentation are essentially similar.

1968 L. M. Miall & D. W. A. Sharp New Dict. Chem. (ed. 4) 270/1 The metabolic breakdown of carbohydrates..may occur in the presence of oxygen (‘aerobic glycolysis’) or in its absence (‘anaerobic glycolysis’).

Derivatives

ˈglycolyse v. [as a back-formation] transitive to metabolize (a substance) in glycolysis.

ΚΠ

1938 Biochem. Jrnl. 32 337 The tumour slices had been permitted to glycolyse anaerobically normally for 45 min.

1951 F. Dickens in Sumner & Myrbäck Enzymes II. i. lxiii. 625 Allowing the somewhat vague expression ‘glycolysis’ to be replaced by the more specific indications of the sugar glycolyzed, if this is known.

1962 R. van Heyningen in A. Pirie Lens Metabolism 399 Most of the glucose used by the lens is glycolysed.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

单词	glycolysis
释义	glycolysisn. /ɡlʌɪˈkɒlɪsɪs/ Etymology: < glyco- comb. form + lysis n. Biochemistry. An important metabolic process, the initial pathway in cell respiration, in which sugar, sugar phosphates, or precursors of these are broken down by enzymic reactions releasing energy and yielding esp. pyruvic acid or lactic acid in animal tissues; by extension, used of similar processes in other organisms yielding different products, such as ethyl alcohol in fermentation. (Originally used of the disappearance of sugar from drawn blood.) ΚΠ 1892 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 62 i. 89 (heading) Hematic glycolysis. Estimation of glycogen in the blood. 1895 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 68 ii. 361 Glycolysis..is not a vital process, but the blood corpuscles contain substances which possess the power in question. 1904 Nature 21 Jan. 287 Their [sc. X-rays'] first action is to increase glycolysis. 1937 W. D. Halliburton & R. J. S. McDowall Handbk. Physiol. & Biochem. (ed. 35) xl. 591 The blood is kept under oil to prevent loss of CO₂. Oxalate is added to prevent clotting and fluoride to prevent glycolysis. 1959 New Scientist 29 Jan. 218/1 On death the blood supply stops and the tissues become depleted in oxygen and fermentation (or anærobic glycolysis) sets in. 1968 A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. (ed. 4) xviii. 395 Meyerhof prepared soluble extracts of muscle that catalyzed glycolysis and later demonstrated that, except for the final steps, glycolysis and alcoholic fermentation are essentially similar. 1968 L. M. Miall & D. W. A. Sharp New Dict. Chem. (ed. 4) 270/1 The metabolic breakdown of carbohydrates..may occur in the presence of oxygen (‘aerobic glycolysis’) or in its absence (‘anaerobic glycolysis’). Derivatives ˈglycolyse v. [as a back-formation] transitive to metabolize (a substance) in glycolysis. ΚΠ 1938 Biochem. Jrnl. 32 337 The tumour slices had been permitted to glycolyse anaerobically normally for 45 min. 1951 F. Dickens in Sumner & Myrbäck Enzymes II. i. lxiii. 625 Allowing the somewhat vague expression ‘glycolysis’ to be replaced by the more specific indications of the sugar glycolyzed, if this is known. 1962 R. van Heyningen in A. Pirie Lens Metabolism 399 Most of the glucose used by the lens is glycolysed. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online September 2018). < n.1892
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