ginkgon.

Brit.

/ˈɡɪŋkəʊ/, U.S.

/ˈɡɪŋkoʊ/

Inflections: Plural ginkgoes, ginkgos.

Forms: 1700s– gingko, 1700s– ginkgo, 1700s– ginko, 1800s gingo.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Ginkgo.

Etymology: < scientific Latin Ginkgo, genus name ( Linnaeus Mantissa Plantarum Altera (1771) 313) < Japanese *ginkgo, erroneous transcription (in E. Kaempfer Collectanea Japonica (a1691), fol. 256^v, and hence in his Amœnitatum Exoticarum (1712) 811) of ginkyō (1617), former alternative reading of the kanji characters for ginnan ginkgo tree, ginkgo nut (16th cent. or earlier; 1603 in Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam as guinan), variant of gin'an (14th cent.; < Middle Chinese; compare Chinese yín silver, and xìng apricot). The corresponding (and apparently underlying) Chinese compound is already attested in Middle Chinese (11th cent.; compare Chinese yínxìng ginkgo).For a detailed discussion see W. Michel (2005) ‘On Engelbert Kaempfer’s ‘Ginkgo’’, in Research Notes (Kyushu University, Fukuoka) (revised 2011). Kaempfer also cites the more usual Japanese ginnan in the same passages (a1691 as ginnan; 1712 as gín an); compare further (apparently showing a misprint):1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan I. i. ix. 116 Another sort of nuts, call'd Ginau [Ger. Ginau]..grow very plentifully..on a fine tall tree. An isolated earlier use of a word written ginco in an English text about Japan (1618, in R. Cocks Diary, 5 May (ed. 1833) 36) is not an instance of ginkgo, but reflects Japanese jinkō aloe wood.

1. A deciduous gymnospermous tree now found in the wild only in China but widely cultivated elsewhere, Ginkgo biloba (family Ginkgoaceae), having distinctive fan-shaped leaves with parallel veins, inconspicuous male and female flowers borne on separate trees, and small ovoid fruits each containing an edible seed surrounded by a layer of malodorous flesh; (in form Ginkgo) the genus of which this is the only living species. In later use also: any of the fossil relatives of this tree. Ginkgo biloba, also called maidenhair tree, is the sole survivor of a large and widespread group of plants ( Ginkgoales) which flourished in the Mesozoic era.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Asian trees or shrubs > [noun] > ginkgo

ginkgo1773

maidenhair tree1773

1773 Gentleman's Mag. 43 338 The Ginkgo, or Maiden-hair tree, from China,..has been propagated by Mr. Gordon, of Mile-End.

1807 Monthly Mag. July 584/2 In this garden is also the Ginkgo of the Chinese, a standard twenty feet high.

1881 Nature 13 Jan. 252/2 Neither the foliage nor the fruit of the northern fossil Ginkgo, it appears, ever at any time approached those of the living tree in its native habitats.

1883 Harper's Mag. Apr. 726/1 Towering up above its neighbors..is a tall gingko.

1912 Amer. Naturalist 46 241 The monotypic genus Ginkgo, which by many is also regarded as representing a monotypic family and order, is confined, so far as its natural distribution is concerned, to eastern China and Japan.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 1134 In the earliest Cretaceous deposits in this country Cycadeoidea and Williamsonia still existed along with ginkgos and monkey puzzles.

1957 R. Carrington Mermaids & Mastodons xiii. 175 Ginkgos are exceptionally resistant to fire.

2008 New Yorker 30 June 22/3 The ginkgo, a.k.a. the maidenhair tree, or the duck's-foot tree, is remarkable in many ways.

2010 C. Milson & S. Rigby Fossils at Glance (ed. 2) xii. 110/1 Presumably originating in the Permian, ginkgoes diversified in the Mesozoic and were widely distributed.

2. A preparation made from ginkgo leaves, used in herbal medicine for the treatment of a variety of conditions, typically to improve the function of the circulatory and nervous systems. More fully ginkgo biloba.

ΚΠ

1991 Amer. Horticulturist Nov. 9/3 Ginkgo is also used to treat asthma, he says, and has been effective in treating arthritis, airway hyperactivity, thrombosis,..and various eye, ear, and skin diseases.

2003 Sci. Amer. Apr. 69/1 Today ginkgo biloba is perhaps the most widely used herbal treatment aimed at augmenting cognitive functions.

2009 G. Hurwitz Or she Dies iii. 13 Walking the aisles, I gathered up a banana, a bag of trail mix, and a SoBe black iced tea, which came loaded with ginkgo, ginseng, and a handful of other supplements designed to kick-start the bleary-eyed.

Compounds

General attributive, as ginkgo nut, ginkgo seed, ginkgo tree, etc.

ΚΠ

1802 J. Feltham Picture of London 298 Gingo-trees; three fine cedars; a cork-tree; a black walnut.

1863 R. Fortune Yedo & Peking ix. 139 Dried fruits for sale were numerous..such as oranges, pears, gingko-nuts (Salisburia adiantifolia),..and acorns.

1885 Science 19 June 495/2 A ginkgo leaf very much resembles a much enlarged and thickened pinnule of the maiden-hair fern (Adiantum).

1912 A. Conan Doyle Lost World x. 166 One huge gingko tree, topping all the others, shot its great limbs and maidenhair foliage over the fort which we had constructed.

1951 Econ. Bot. 5 12/1 Americans do not fancy ginkgo seeds, but both the Japanese and Chinese eat them as an appetizer, as a tasty ingredient in certain dishes, or after the meal to aid digestion.

1991 Arnoldia Summer 11/2 Ginkgo extract has been shown to increase short-term memory function in both healthy, young volunteers and elderly patients suffering from vascular disorders.

2010 Y. Wang et al. Anc. Wisdom, Mod. Kitchen 151/1 Crack open the shells with a nutcracker..and remove the ginkgo nuts.

2014 New Yorker 24 Nov. 47/1 The ginkgo family has been around since before the dinosaurs, and its only remaining member, Ginkgo biloba, is a living fossil, basically unchanged in two hundred million years.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	ginkgo
释义	ginkgon. Brit. /ˈɡɪŋkəʊ/, U.S. /ˈɡɪŋkoʊ/ Inflections: Plural ginkgoes, ginkgos. Forms: 1700s– gingko, 1700s– ginkgo, 1700s– ginko, 1800s gingo. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Ginkgo. Etymology: < scientific Latin Ginkgo, genus name ( Linnaeus Mantissa Plantarum Altera (1771) 313) < Japanese *ginkgo, erroneous transcription (in E. Kaempfer Collectanea Japonica (a1691), fol. 256^v, and hence in his Amœnitatum Exoticarum (1712) 811) of ginkyō (1617), former alternative reading of the kanji characters for ginnan ginkgo tree, ginkgo nut (16th cent. or earlier; 1603 in Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam as guinan), variant of gin'an (14th cent.; < Middle Chinese; compare Chinese yín silver, and xìng apricot). The corresponding (and apparently underlying) Chinese compound is already attested in Middle Chinese (11th cent.; compare Chinese yínxìng ginkgo).For a detailed discussion see W. Michel (2005) ‘On Engelbert Kaempfer’s ‘Ginkgo’’, in Research Notes (Kyushu University, Fukuoka) (revised 2011). Kaempfer also cites the more usual Japanese ginnan in the same passages (a1691 as ginnan; 1712 as gín an); compare further (apparently showing a misprint):1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan I. i. ix. 116 Another sort of nuts, call'd Ginau [Ger. Ginau]..grow very plentifully..on a fine tall tree. An isolated earlier use of a word written ginco in an English text about Japan (1618, in R. Cocks Diary, 5 May (ed. 1833) 36) is not an instance of ginkgo, but reflects Japanese jinkō aloe wood. 1. A deciduous gymnospermous tree now found in the wild only in China but widely cultivated elsewhere, Ginkgo biloba (family Ginkgoaceae), having distinctive fan-shaped leaves with parallel veins, inconspicuous male and female flowers borne on separate trees, and small ovoid fruits each containing an edible seed surrounded by a layer of malodorous flesh; (in form Ginkgo) the genus of which this is the only living species. In later use also: any of the fossil relatives of this tree. Ginkgo biloba, also called maidenhair tree, is the sole survivor of a large and widespread group of plants ( Ginkgoales) which flourished in the Mesozoic era. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Asian trees or shrubs > [noun] > ginkgo ginkgo1773 maidenhair tree1773 1773 Gentleman's Mag. 43 338 The Ginkgo, or Maiden-hair tree, from China,..has been propagated by Mr. Gordon, of Mile-End. 1807 Monthly Mag. July 584/2 In this garden is also the Ginkgo of the Chinese, a standard twenty feet high. 1881 Nature 13 Jan. 252/2 Neither the foliage nor the fruit of the northern fossil Ginkgo, it appears, ever at any time approached those of the living tree in its native habitats. 1883 Harper's Mag. Apr. 726/1 Towering up above its neighbors..is a tall gingko. 1912 Amer. Naturalist 46 241 The monotypic genus Ginkgo, which by many is also regarded as representing a monotypic family and order, is confined, so far as its natural distribution is concerned, to eastern China and Japan. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 1134 In the earliest Cretaceous deposits in this country Cycadeoidea and Williamsonia still existed along with ginkgos and monkey puzzles. 1957 R. Carrington Mermaids & Mastodons xiii. 175 Ginkgos are exceptionally resistant to fire. 2008 New Yorker 30 June 22/3 The ginkgo, a.k.a. the maidenhair tree, or the duck's-foot tree, is remarkable in many ways. 2010 C. Milson & S. Rigby Fossils at Glance (ed. 2) xii. 110/1 Presumably originating in the Permian, ginkgoes diversified in the Mesozoic and were widely distributed. 2. A preparation made from ginkgo leaves, used in herbal medicine for the treatment of a variety of conditions, typically to improve the function of the circulatory and nervous systems. More fully ginkgo biloba. ΚΠ 1991 Amer. Horticulturist Nov. 9/3 Ginkgo is also used to treat asthma, he says, and has been effective in treating arthritis, airway hyperactivity, thrombosis,..and various eye, ear, and skin diseases. 2003 Sci. Amer. Apr. 69/1 Today ginkgo biloba is perhaps the most widely used herbal treatment aimed at augmenting cognitive functions. 2009 G. Hurwitz Or she Dies iii. 13 Walking the aisles, I gathered up a banana, a bag of trail mix, and a SoBe black iced tea, which came loaded with ginkgo, ginseng, and a handful of other supplements designed to kick-start the bleary-eyed. Compounds General attributive, as ginkgo nut, ginkgo seed, ginkgo tree, etc. ΚΠ 1802 J. Feltham Picture of London 298 Gingo-trees; three fine cedars; a cork-tree; a black walnut. 1863 R. Fortune Yedo & Peking ix. 139 Dried fruits for sale were numerous..such as oranges, pears, gingko-nuts (Salisburia adiantifolia),..and acorns. 1885 Science 19 June 495/2 A ginkgo leaf very much resembles a much enlarged and thickened pinnule of the maiden-hair fern (Adiantum). 1912 A. Conan Doyle Lost World x. 166 One huge gingko tree, topping all the others, shot its great limbs and maidenhair foliage over the fort which we had constructed. 1951 Econ. Bot. 5 12/1 Americans do not fancy ginkgo seeds, but both the Japanese and Chinese eat them as an appetizer, as a tasty ingredient in certain dishes, or after the meal to aid digestion. 1991 Arnoldia Summer 11/2 Ginkgo extract has been shown to increase short-term memory function in both healthy, young volunteers and elderly patients suffering from vascular disorders. 2010 Y. Wang et al. Anc. Wisdom, Mod. Kitchen 151/1 Crack open the shells with a nutcracker..and remove the ginkgo nuts. 2014 New Yorker 24 Nov. 47/1 The ginkgo family has been around since before the dinosaurs, and its only remaining member, Ginkgo biloba, is a living fossil, basically unchanged in two hundred million years. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1773
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