单词 | goodfellow |
释义 | goodfellown.adj. A. n. 1. An affable or jovial companion; a sociable or convivial person; spec. one who associates with others in feasting, drinking, and merrymaking, esp. habitually or hedonistically; a drinking companion; a reveller, a carouser. Frequently somewhat depreciative. Now archaic.In quot. a1656 in figurative context. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > social event > a merrymaking or convivial occasion > merrymaker > [noun] > habitual fellowa1225 goodfellowa1393 Greek1536 boon companion1566 jovialist1596 Ephesian1600 Trojan1600 jolly dog1799 convivialist1810 boonfellow1876 fellow well met1885 jollier1896 society > authority > subjection > obedience > manageability > [noun] > tractability > person or thing goodfellowa1393 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 7752–6 Therwhile he hath his fulle packe, Thei seie, ‘A good felawe is Jacke’; Bot whanne it faileth ate laste..thanne is ther non other lawe Bot, ‘Jacke was a good falawe’. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 397 He was a good felawe Ful many a draghte of wyn hadde he drawe. c1522 T. More Treat. Memorare Nouissima in Wks. (1557) I. 82 Yet shal ye find mo yt drink themself sow drunk of pride to be called good felowes, than for luste of the drink self. a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 18v It was well knowen, that Syr Roger had bene a good feloe in his yougth. 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health ccxviii. 221 If you..would faine knowe where the best ale is..marke where the greatest noyse is of good felowes, as they call them. a1617 P. Baynes Comm. Epist. First Chapter Paul to Ephesians (1618) xv. 317 They are in company with Swearers, Gamsters, good fellowes. 1640 W. Prynne Ld. Bishops vii. sig. Gv They fill themselves with strong drinke, and are good Fellows. a1656 J. Hales Golden Remains (1673) i. 251 For sins are good-fellows,..go always in droves. a1677 I. Barrow Of Love of God (1680) 291 A glutton, and a good fellow, a friend to publicans, and sinners. 1701 D. Defoe True-born Englishman Pref. Methinks an Englishman, who is so proud of being call'd A Goodfellow, shou'd be civil. 1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xiv. 438 He associated himself most with the good-fellows, and eat in their company, being well provided for the expence. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. at Wassail A liquour made of apples, sugar, and ale, anciently much used by English goodfellows. 1824 M. R. Mitford Our Village I. 239 She was hearty and jovial withal, a thorough good-fellow in petticoats. 1855 W. Whitman Leaves of Grass 66 He was a goodfellow, Freemouthed, quicktempered, not badlooking, able to take his own part. 1905 Smart Set Sept. 129/1 She is not a creature to set to music—the clubby girl, the feminine good-fellow. 1991 Past & Present Aug. 52 Other sinners were no easier to suppress than the goodfellows of the alebench. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > [noun] thief688 bribera1387 stealer1508 taker?a1513 goodfellow1566 snatcher1575 lift1591 liftera1592 larcin1596 Tartar1602 lime-twig1606 outparter1607 Tartarian1608 flick1610 puggard1611 gilt1620 nim1630 highwayman1652 cloyer1659 out-trader1660 Robin Goodfellow1680 birdlime1705 gyp1728 filch1775 kiddy1780 snaveller1781 larcenist1803 pincher1814 geach1821 wharf-rat1823 toucher1837 larcener1839 snammer1839 drummer1856 gun1857 forker1867 gunsmith1869 nabber1880 thiever1899 tea-leaf1903 gun moll1908 nicker1909 knocker-off1926 possum1945 scuffler1961 rip-off1969 1566 J. Rastell Third Bk. beware of M. Iewel f. 183v Steale you awaie, no more than D. Harding doth, and it wil sone be perceaued who is the theefe. For in deede, you plaie that good felows part, which being himselfe in daunger of taking, woulde point to another yt is giltlesse, and bid the standers by to looke that he scape not awaie from them. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxvii. 636 Those good fellowes..who used to live by robbing & stealing. 1608 T. Middleton Trick to catch Old-one i. sig. B4v Lu. Welcome good fellow. Host. Hee calles me theefe at first sight. a1640 P. Massinger Guardian v. iv. 186 in 3 New Playes (1655) You are fitter far To be a Churchman, than to have command Over good-fellows. 1692 R. L'Estrange Fables ccccxcviii. 476 There was a Knot of Good Fellows that Borrow'd a small Sum of Mony of a Gentleman upon the King's High-way. 3. slang (originally and chiefly U.S.). Chiefly in form goodfella (cf. fella n.). A member of a Mafia family; (more generally) a mobster, a gangster.Popularized by the 1990 film GoodFellas, directed by Martin Scorsese. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker > gangster gangster1884 gangman1912 gangsman1912 mobster1917 racketeer1924 gangbanger1930 bandit1935 hot rod1936 goodfellow1963 G1989 1963 Ann. Rep. Attorney-Gen. U.S. (U.S. Govt. Printing Office) 350 Each captain heads a ‘regime’ which consists of any number of ‘soldiers’, also referred to as ‘button men’ and ‘good fellows’. 1988 J. D. Pistone & R. Woodley Donnie Brasco xvii. 310 Was Anthony Mirra a wiseguy then?.. If Mirra wasn't a good fellow at the time you was there, his argument is no good. 1990 Boston Globe (Nexis) 16 Sept. b31 He was surrounded by organized criminals—‘wiseguys’, or ‘goodfellas’. 1996 Evening Standard (Nexis) 2 May 27 Quite why it takes five semi-retired goodfellas to scare off some college kid who's pinched the boss's son's girlfriend is never explained. 2004 C. Lee Aloft ii. 33 These days every thick-necked monobrow in the tristate area likes to pretend he's a goodfella, some made guy. B. adj. (attributive). That is a goodfellow (sense A. 1); relating to or characteristic of the behaviour of goodfellows; having a companionable or hedonistic character. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [adjective] > befitting a companion goodfellow1590 companionly1697 1590 W. Segar Bk. Honor & Armes v. xxi. 61 Because they liued continuallie in ease and pleasure, men termed them Frati gaudenti: as much in our language, as Goodfellowe brethren. 1631 R. Bolton Instr. Right Comf. Affl. Consciences 285 The Ioviall good-fellow-mirth of carnall men. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. v. 162 Those natures which like the good-fellow planet Mercury are most swayed by others. 1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (Eph. v. 19) Drunkards sing..over their cups in their good-fellow-meetings. 1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. I. iii. ii. 133 A host of honest good fellow qualities..had lain perdue. 1853 C. Brontë Villette III. xxxi. 32 Not a jocund, good-fellow tone, still less an unctuous priestly accent, but a voice he had belonging to himself. 1879 G. Meredith Egoist I. xvii. 308 And men are grossly purchaseable; good wines have them, good cigars, a goodfellow air. 1922 S. Lewis Babbitt xvii. 218 Had too much of this..good-fellow stuff. 1937 New Statesman 4 Sept. 332/1 I myself keep a lazy hold on a kind of good-fellow philosophy. Phrases P1. to play the goodfellow: to socialize in a hedonistic or pleasure-seeking way; esp. to spend an excessive amount of time in eating, drinking, and merrymaking; to revel, roister, carouse. Now rare.Common from the mid 16th to the mid 17th centuries. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > merriment > be merry [verb (intransitive)] blissc897 spilea1000 merryOE to make good cheera1275 blithea1400 gleea1400 to play the goodfellow1563 jolly1610 to keep Hilary term1618 gaya1629 jovialize1640 society > leisure > social event > a merrymaking or convivial occasion > merrymaking or conviviality > make merry [verb (intransitive)] to make feast?c1225 to make merryc1330 merrymakec1395 to have a good (bad, etc.) time (of it, formerly on it)1509 to make pleasant1530 gaud1532 to play the goodfellow1563 company1591 junket1607 rage1979 1563 A. Golding tr. L. Bruni Hist. Warres Imperialles & Gothes ii. viii. f. 85 If the Frenchmen came into Italy, it was not to be doubted that they shuld get the vpper hand, but it was a difficulte matter to be beleued, that they would keepe touche and play the good fellowes in parting of the Empyre. 1566 J. Barthlet Pedegrewe Heretiques 50 A pardon for a Nunne that hath often played the good fellowe both without and within the Cloyster, with a clause that shall enioy the dignities of that order, yea to be Abbesse, ye price therof is .36. Turnois .9. Ducats. 1594 T. Nashe Terrors of Night sig. Eiij Hee was wont to iest and sport wyth countrey people, and play the good fellowe amongst kitchin-wenches. 1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. 135 a A kinswoman of the kings..being wont to play the goodfellowe with a certaine young man of the Greeks, as she imbraced him..vtterred the matter vnto him. 1626 H. Burton Plea to Appeale 1 A man may not sweare an oath (forsooth) nor play the good fellow a little, in drinking a cup or two more then needs. 1657 W. Rumsey Organon Salutis (1659) Ep. Ded. 19 They use now to play the Good-fellows in this wakeful and civil drink [coffee]. 1667 S. Pepys Diary 14 Oct. (1974) VIII. 481 I suppose he is playing the goodfellow in the town. 1759 L. Sterne Polit. Romance 19 Trim, you must know, by foul Feeding, and playing the good Fellow at the Parson's, was grown somewhat gross about the lower Parts. 1881 E. H. Hickey Sculptor 51 Then fortune who, belike, was bid to the feast, And meant to play the Goodfellow thereat, Among them did a pleasant adventure bring. 1934 B. Creighton tr. ‘B. Traven’ Treasure of Sierra Madre (1935) 37 Pat knew how to play the good fellow, even the Bolshevik comrade, to catch his men cheap. 2010 J. Picciotto Labors of Innocence iv. 299 To be persuaded to play the good-fellow in coffee is to leave good fellowship behind. P2. good fellow well-met: a person who is affable, outgoing, and companionable. Also attributive: characteristic of or relating to such a person. Cf. fellow well met at fellow n. Phrases 3, hail fellow well met at hail-fellow adj. b. ΚΠ 1807 R. Wilson Jrnl. 15 May in Life Gen. Sir R. Wilson (1862) II. vii. 218 He moved up to Lord H. as if we were all members of the ‘good-fellow-well-met’ club. 1878 Day of Days 7 84/1 Where were those gay companions, those good fellows well-met, those associates who welcomed him with such apparent sincerity on his arrival? 1895 Railroad Trainmen's Jrnl. 12 1117/1 Simply because a member is a good fellow well met, does net signify him qualified to hold office. 1947 Springfield (Manitoba) Leader 14 Jan. 2/3 Perce is still the good-fellow-well-met and hasn't changed a bit. 1992 C. Dodd Priceless ii. 31 Her father, with his good-fellow-well-met voice, greeted Adam. 2008 G. Hackman & D. Lenihan Escape from Andersonville (2009) ix. 84 Marcel dropped his pretense of a good fellow well met. DerivativesΘΚΠ society > leisure > social event > a merrymaking or convivial occasion > merrymaker > [adjective] merrya1350 revellingc1450 jolly1484 goodfellow-like1542 good-fellowly1573 jovial1607 jovialist1610 boona1612 merrymaking1616 festive1744 convivial1754 good-fellowish1839 rig-a-dig1851 1542 T. Becon Newes out of Heauen Prol. sig. B.vi It is accounted no synne..but rather a sporte, a good felowlike dalyaunce. a1627 W. Sclater Brief Comm. Malachy (1650) 201 Before this preaching came up amongst us, we had as good fellow-like a parish, and as much good neighbourhood amongst us [etc.]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022). goodfellowv. rare. transitive. To address (a person) as ‘good fellow’.Apparently only in more than occasional use during the 19th cent. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > conversation > addressing or speaking to > speak to or address [verb (transitive)] > in a specific way thoua1425 thowt1440 yeet1440 ye1483 boy1573 uncle1597 goodfellow1628 thee1657 fellow1665 tutoyer1697 honour1726 pa1823 good man1846 old boy1867 tom1897 1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. lxxxiv. sig. Z2 Let me rather be disliked for not being a Beast, then be good-fellowed with a hug, for being one. 1844 Sportsman May 331 They are called by their Christian names, and ‘good-fellowed’ to a great degree. 1889 Leicester Chron. & Leics. Mercury 7 Dec. 9/4 I,..caressing, and patting, and ‘poor-dogging’ and ‘good-fellowing’ him to the full. 1947 F. Morton Hound ii. ix. 219 The sight of no other than Helmuth, backslapping and good-fellowing you as ever. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.a1393v.1628 |
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