gougen.¹

Brit.

/ɡaʊdʒ/,

/ɡuːdʒ/, U.S.

/ɡaʊdʒ/

Forms: Also Middle English goodg, gow(d)ge, ( gourge), 1600s goudge.

Etymology: < French gouge (feminine), = Spanish gúbia, Portuguese goiva, Italian gubbia, gorbia < late Latin gubia, gulbia (Isidore). Probably of Celtic origin; compare Old Irish gulban (‘aculeum’), gulba (‘rostrum’), Old Welsh gilbin (‘acumine’), modern Welsh gylf beak, Cornish gilb boring tool (‘foratorium’).

a. A chisel with a concave blade for cutting rounded grooves or holes in wood. In Surgery, a similarly-shaped tool used for removing portions of bone, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical instruments > [noun] > scoops or gouges

spoona1425

gouge1495

curette1739

scoop1739

spud1869

society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > chisel > [noun] > for cutting wood

gouge1495

former1530

ripping-chisel1659

firming chisel1799

framing chisel1829

slick1875

turning-chisel1877

1495–8 Naval Acc. (1896) 240 An yron Goodg with a bolte of yron belongyng to the same.

c1500 Debate Carpenter's Tools in Rev. Eng. Stud. (1987) 38 459 The gowge seyd, Þhe deuyles dyrte For anything þat thow cane wyrke.

1576 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 261 ij playnes, towe gourges, ij chesells, and ij embowing playnes.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 363 Take a round strong iron toole, half a yard long, and made at the one end in al points like vnto the Carpenters gouge.

1676 J. Worlidge Vinetum Britannicum 48 With your Quill in form of a Goudge.

1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. iv. 74 The Gouge..is a Chissel having a round edge, for the cutting such wood as is to be Rounded or Hollowed.

1819 S. Cooper First Lines Pract. Surg. (ed. 4) I. ii. viii. 428 If with this instrument he could not remove bone enough, he scrupled not to effect his design by means of a gouge and mallet.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 327 To answer the purpose of the common turning gouge.

1885 G. Allen Babylon I. ix. 193 Colin..took up a gouge as if to continue carving the panel.

†b. trenching gouge: a spade with a concave blade. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > spade > other spades

sap1566

didle1580

wasp-spade1623

trenching gouge1653

loy1763

hodding-spadea1825

graff1875

graft1893

1653 W. Blith Eng. Improver Improved (new ed.) x. 69 The Trenching gouge to be vsed as the Spade.

c. A stamping tool for cutting out forms in leather, paper, etc.

ΚΠ

1875 in E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II.

d. Bookbinding. (See quot. 1895.)

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > bookbinding equipment > [noun] > tools

plough1580

fillet1641

roll1656

paper-folder1781

stamp1811

backing-hammer1818

bookstamp1819

lettering tool1833

book cutter1850

roller1852

hand letter1862

pallet1875

wagon1875

stop1880

jigger1883

gouge1885

guinea-edge1890

marbler1890

panel stamp1893

saddle stitcher1944

society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > ornament or lettering on binding > [noun] > impressed designs > type of

fillet1641

blind-tooling1818

blocking1846

gold blocking1852

blind-blocking1870

run-up1875

gouge1885

azure1894

goffering1894

blind-stamping1910

1885 W. J. E. Crane Bookbinding 159 Fig. 135 represents a set of gouges.

1895 J. W. Zaehnsdorf Short Hist. Bookbinding 24 Gouge, a curved line or segment of a circle impressed upon the leather. Also the instrument with which it is impressed.

2. Mining. (See quot. 1881.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > features of stratum or vein > [noun] > material forming sides

ouge1666

gouge1877

wall-rock1877

1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 107 It is incased in well-defined walls of metamorphic slate, with a few inches of gouge between the walls and quartz.

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 142 Gouge, a layer of soft material along the wall of a vein, favoring the miner, by enabling him after ‘gouging’ it out with a pick, to attack the solid vein from the side.

3. U.S. colloquial.

Categories »

a. The action of gouge v.; a scooping out.

b. A cheat, swindle (cf. gouge v. 4). ‘Also, an impostor’ ( Cent. Dict.).

ΚΠ

1845 N.Y. Tribune 10 Dec. This is a clean, plain gouge of this sum out of the people's strong box.

1887 American XIV. 344 Another ‘gouge’ was to charge the women a nominally cost price..while, as a matter of fact, it was got..for considerably less.

Compounds

gouge-bit n. a bit shaped at the end like a gouge.

ΚΠ

1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship I. 151 Gouge bit, a bit smaller than a centre-bit, with a hollow edge at its end like a gouge.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 115 The gouge-bit is best adapted for boring small holes in soft wood.

1882 Rep. Precious Metals (U.S. Bureau of Mint) 581 A double-gouge bit is used with this machine.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† gougen.²

Etymology: < Old French gouge.

Obsolete.

A wench.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > young person > young woman > [noun]

daughterOE

maidenOE

young womanOE

mayc1175

burdc1225

maidc1275

wenchc1290

file1303

virginc1330

girla1375

damselc1380

young ladya1393

jilla1425

juvenclec1430

young person1438

domicellea1464

quean1488

trull1525

pulleta1533

Tib1533

kittyc1560

dell1567

gillian1573

nymph1584

winklota1586

frotion1587

yuffrouw1589

pigeon1592

tit1599

nannicock1600

muggle1608

gixy1611

infanta1611

dilla1627

tittiea1628

whimsy1631

ladykin1632

stammel1639

moggie1648

zitellaa1660

baggagea1668

miss1668

baby1684

burdie1718

demoiselle1720

queanie?1800

intombi1809

muchacha1811

jilt1816

titter1819

ragazza1827

gouge1828

craft1829

meisie1838

sheila1839

sixteenc1840

chica1843

femme1846

muffin1854

gel1857

quail1859

kitten1870

bud1880

fräulein1883

sub-debutante1887

sweet-and-twenty1887

flapper1888

jelly1889

queen1894

chick1899

pusher1902

bit of fluff1903

chicklet1905

twist and twirl1905

twist1906

head1913

sub-deb1916

tabby1916

mouse1917

tittie1918

chickie1919

wren1920

bim1922

nifty1923

quiff1923

wimp1923

bride1924

job1927

junior miss1927

hag1932

tab1932

sort1933

palone1934

brush1941

knitting1943

teenybopper1966

weeny-bopper1972

Valley Girl1982

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth xii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 312 The gouge knows her trade.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

gougev.

Brit.

/ɡaʊdʒ/,

/ɡuːdʒ/, U.S.

/ɡaʊdʒ/

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s googe, 1800s dialect gowge.

Etymology: < gouge n.¹

a. transitive. To cut or make holes in, with or as with a gouge.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > make (an opening or hole) [verb (transitive)] > make an opening or hole in or into > bore, pierce, or perforate > with a gouge

gouge1570

1570 Abp. M. Parker Let. 3 Apr. in Corr. (1853) (modernized text) 364 Quidam filii Beliall did gouge my poor barge in divers places in the bottom.

1599 T. Moffett Silkewormes 14 As water doth, when pipes of lead or wood are goog'd with punch.

1863 T. B. Curling Observ. Dis. Rectum (ed. 3) ix. 102 Unless the surgeon can reach the diseased bone, and, if necessary, gouge it.

1864 Daily Tel. 11 Aug. Great sheets of solid metal..are gouged and drilled into ragged holes.

b. intransitive. To work with a gouge at (something).

ΚΠ

1860 All Year Round 10 Mar. 459 An engraver working a little lathe with a sort of fiddlestick, while he gouged delicately at the cornelian signet.

2. transitive. To cut out (a cork), to hollow or scoop out (a channel or groove) with or as with a gouge. Also, to hollow into (a certain form).

ΚΠ

1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse ii. i. 94 in Wks. II I will saue in cork..by googing of 'hem out Iust to the size of my bottles, and not slicing.

1750 G. Hughes Nat. Hist. Barbados 197 These are succeeded by pods which are lengthways neatly gouged into seven regular channels.

1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship I. 154 The scores..are gouged out along the outsides.

1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 106 It..is gouged hollow.

1874 J. Geikie Great Ice Age xxiv. 342 Under the influence of rain, soil is continually travelling down from higher to lower levels; rills and brooklets are gouging out deep trenches in the subsoils and solid rocks.

a. To cut or force out with or as with a gouge; to push out (a person's eye) with the thumb. Chiefly with out adv. Const. out of.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > maiming or mutilation > maim or mutilate [verb (transitive)] > put out eyes

to turn outc1450

to scratch out?1527

to put forth1534

poach1608

gouge1785

gouge1800

deoculate1816

the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > make hollow [verb (transitive)] > form by hollowing out > with or as with a gouge

gouge1800

1800 A. Addison Rep. Cases Pennsylvania 29 M'Birnie..gouged his eye.

1829 F. Marryat Naval Officer III. ii. 44 He had gouged the eye out of a third.

1853 W. Irving Life & Lett. (1864) IV. 129 A pursar of the navy had gouged the bolt out of the wall.

1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems cviii. 5 Gouged be the carrion eyes some crow's black maw to replenish.

1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 379 As much as possible of the deep portion was gouged out.

figurative.1808 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) II. 393 If there be a felicitous phrase, he is sure to gouge the sentence.1845 N.Y. Tribune 26 Nov. (Farmer) Very well gentlemen! gouge Mr. C. out of the seat, if you think it wholesome to do it.

b. To force out the eye of (a person). Also absol.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > maiming or mutilation > maim or mutilate [verb (transitive)] > put out eyes

to turn outc1450

to scratch out?1527

to put forth1534

poach1608

gouge1785

gouge1800

deoculate1816

1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue Gouge, to squeeze out a man's eye with the thumb, a cruel practice used by the Bostonians in America.

1796 T. Twining Trav. Amer. (1894) 91 In their common affrays they gouge and commit other barbarities.

1812 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1836) I. 286 Do they act on the principle..that it is prudent to secure the result of the contest by gouging the adversary?

1827 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 453/1 When they had gotten him on his back, one gouged him like a Yankee.

1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations I. xviii. 302 Joe scooped his eyes..as if he were bent on gouging himself.

4. U.S. To cheat, impose upon. Also absol.

ΚΠ

1875 W. D. Howells Foregone Conclusion (1882) iii. 69 The man's a perfect Jew—or a perfect Christian, one ought to say in Venice; we true believers do gouge so much more infamously here.

1885 B. Harte Ship of '49 i He's regularly gouged me in that ere horsehair spekilation.

5. Mining. (See quots. 1964, 1971.) Also more generally, to dig for opal (cf. gouging n.).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (intransitive)] > for opal

gouge1931

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (intransitive)] > by specific method

shammel1778

surface1852

gouge1931

opencast1959

1931 M. S. Buchanan Prospecting for Opal in Austral. 8 Gouge your drive, viz., push a cut under the roof searching after the seam of potch.

1936 A. Russell Gone Nomad i. 7 In chasing my rainbow I have..delved for gold; ‘gouged’ for opal; fossicked for diamonds.

1958 M. D. Berrington Stones of Fire 27 We'll gouge..to start with; and when we strike something we can drive properly.

1964 A. Nelson Dict. Mining 202 Gouging, working only the rich pockets of ore and leaving the low-grade or marginal ore unmined.

1971 J. S. Gunn Opal Terminol. 21 Gouge, to cut carefully under the roof searching for a seam of potch [i.e. worthless opaliferous material] so that full-scale cutting of the drive can begin.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1495

n.²1828

v.1570

单词	gouge
释义	gougen.¹ Brit. /ɡaʊdʒ/, /ɡuːdʒ/, U.S. /ɡaʊdʒ/ Forms: Also Middle English goodg, gow(d)ge, ( gourge), 1600s goudge. Etymology: < French gouge (feminine), = Spanish gúbia, Portuguese goiva, Italian gubbia, gorbia < late Latin gubia, gulbia (Isidore). Probably of Celtic origin; compare Old Irish gulban (‘aculeum’), gulba (‘rostrum’), Old Welsh gilbin (‘acumine’), modern Welsh gylf beak, Cornish gilb boring tool (‘foratorium’). 1. a. A chisel with a concave blade for cutting rounded grooves or holes in wood. In Surgery, a similarly-shaped tool used for removing portions of bone, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical instruments > [noun] > scoops or gouges spoona1425 gouge1495 curette1739 scoop1739 spud1869 society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > chisel > [noun] > for cutting wood gouge1495 former1530 ripping-chisel1659 firming chisel1799 framing chisel1829 slick1875 turning-chisel1877 1495–8 Naval Acc. (1896) 240 An yron Goodg with a bolte of yron belongyng to the same. c1500 Debate Carpenter's Tools in Rev. Eng. Stud. (1987) 38 459 The gowge seyd, Þhe deuyles dyrte For anything þat thow cane wyrke. 1576 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 261 ij playnes, towe gourges, ij chesells, and ij embowing playnes. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 363 Take a round strong iron toole, half a yard long, and made at the one end in al points like vnto the Carpenters gouge. 1676 J. Worlidge Vinetum Britannicum 48 With your Quill in form of a Goudge. 1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. iv. 74 The Gouge..is a Chissel having a round edge, for the cutting such wood as is to be Rounded or Hollowed. 1819 S. Cooper First Lines Pract. Surg. (ed. 4) I. ii. viii. 428 If with this instrument he could not remove bone enough, he scrupled not to effect his design by means of a gouge and mallet. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 327 To answer the purpose of the common turning gouge. 1885 G. Allen Babylon I. ix. 193 Colin..took up a gouge as if to continue carving the panel. †b. trenching gouge: a spade with a concave blade. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > spade > other spades sap1566 didle1580 wasp-spade1623 trenching gouge1653 loy1763 hodding-spadea1825 graff1875 graft1893 1653 W. Blith Eng. Improver Improved (new ed.) x. 69 The Trenching gouge to be vsed as the Spade. c. A stamping tool for cutting out forms in leather, paper, etc. ΚΠ 1875 in E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. d. Bookbinding. (See quot. 1895.) ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > bookbinding equipment > [noun] > tools plough1580 fillet1641 roll1656 paper-folder1781 stamp1811 backing-hammer1818 bookstamp1819 lettering tool1833 book cutter1850 roller1852 hand letter1862 pallet1875 wagon1875 stop1880 jigger1883 gouge1885 guinea-edge1890 marbler1890 panel stamp1893 saddle stitcher1944 society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > ornament or lettering on binding > [noun] > impressed designs > type of fillet1641 blind-tooling1818 blocking1846 gold blocking1852 blind-blocking1870 run-up1875 gouge1885 azure1894 goffering1894 blind-stamping1910 1885 W. J. E. Crane Bookbinding 159 Fig. 135 represents a set of gouges. 1895 J. W. Zaehnsdorf Short Hist. Bookbinding 24 Gouge, a curved line or segment of a circle impressed upon the leather. Also the instrument with which it is impressed. 2. Mining. (See quot. 1881.) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > features of stratum or vein > [noun] > material forming sides ouge1666 gouge1877 wall-rock1877 1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 107 It is incased in well-defined walls of metamorphic slate, with a few inches of gouge between the walls and quartz. 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 142 Gouge, a layer of soft material along the wall of a vein, favoring the miner, by enabling him after ‘gouging’ it out with a pick, to attack the solid vein from the side. 3. U.S. colloquial. Categories » a. The action of gouge v.; a scooping out. b. A cheat, swindle (cf. gouge v. 4). ‘Also, an impostor’ ( Cent. Dict.). ΚΠ 1845 N.Y. Tribune 10 Dec. This is a clean, plain gouge of this sum out of the people's strong box. 1887 American XIV. 344 Another ‘gouge’ was to charge the women a nominally cost price..while, as a matter of fact, it was got..for considerably less. Compounds gouge-bit n. a bit shaped at the end like a gouge. ΚΠ 1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship I. 151 Gouge bit, a bit smaller than a centre-bit, with a hollow edge at its end like a gouge. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 115 The gouge-bit is best adapted for boring small holes in soft wood. 1882 Rep. Precious Metals (U.S. Bureau of Mint) 581 A double-gouge bit is used with this machine. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † gougen.² Etymology: < Old French gouge. Obsolete. A wench. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > young person > young woman > [noun] daughterOE maidenOE young womanOE mayc1175 burdc1225 maidc1275 wenchc1290 file1303 virginc1330 girla1375 damselc1380 young ladya1393 jilla1425 juvenclec1430 young person1438 domicellea1464 quean1488 trull1525 pulleta1533 Tib1533 kittyc1560 dell1567 gillian1573 nymph1584 winklota1586 frotion1587 yuffrouw1589 pigeon1592 tit1599 nannicock1600 muggle1608 gixy1611 infanta1611 dilla1627 tittiea1628 whimsy1631 ladykin1632 stammel1639 moggie1648 zitellaa1660 baggagea1668 miss1668 baby1684 burdie1718 demoiselle1720 queanie?1800 intombi1809 muchacha1811 jilt1816 titter1819 ragazza1827 gouge1828 craft1829 meisie1838 sheila1839 sixteenc1840 chica1843 femme1846 muffin1854 gel1857 quail1859 kitten1870 bud1880 fräulein1883 sub-debutante1887 sweet-and-twenty1887 flapper1888 jelly1889 queen1894 chick1899 pusher1902 bit of fluff1903 chicklet1905 twist and twirl1905 twist1906 head1913 sub-deb1916 tabby1916 mouse1917 tittie1918 chickie1919 wren1920 bim1922 nifty1923 quiff1923 wimp1923 bride1924 job1927 junior miss1927 hag1932 tab1932 sort1933 palone1934 brush1941 knitting1943 teenybopper1966 weeny-bopper1972 Valley Girl1982 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth xii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 312 The gouge knows her trade. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2021). gougev. Brit. /ɡaʊdʒ/, /ɡuːdʒ/, U.S. /ɡaʊdʒ/ Forms: Also 1500s–1600s googe, 1800s dialect gowge. Etymology: < gouge n.¹ 1. a. transitive. To cut or make holes in, with or as with a gouge. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > make (an opening or hole) [verb (transitive)] > make an opening or hole in or into > bore, pierce, or perforate > with a gouge gouge1570 1570 Abp. M. Parker Let. 3 Apr. in Corr. (1853) (modernized text) 364 Quidam filii Beliall did gouge my poor barge in divers places in the bottom. 1599 T. Moffett Silkewormes 14 As water doth, when pipes of lead or wood are goog'd with punch. 1863 T. B. Curling Observ. Dis. Rectum (ed. 3) ix. 102 Unless the surgeon can reach the diseased bone, and, if necessary, gouge it. 1864 Daily Tel. 11 Aug. Great sheets of solid metal..are gouged and drilled into ragged holes. b. intransitive. To work with a gouge at (something). ΚΠ 1860 All Year Round 10 Mar. 459 An engraver working a little lathe with a sort of fiddlestick, while he gouged delicately at the cornelian signet. 2. transitive. To cut out (a cork), to hollow or scoop out (a channel or groove) with or as with a gouge. Also, to hollow into (a certain form). ΚΠ 1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse ii. i. 94 in Wks. II I will saue in cork..by googing of 'hem out Iust to the size of my bottles, and not slicing. 1750 G. Hughes Nat. Hist. Barbados 197 These are succeeded by pods which are lengthways neatly gouged into seven regular channels. 1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship I. 154 The scores..are gouged out along the outsides. 1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 106 It..is gouged hollow. 1874 J. Geikie Great Ice Age xxiv. 342 Under the influence of rain, soil is continually travelling down from higher to lower levels; rills and brooklets are gouging out deep trenches in the subsoils and solid rocks. 3. a. To cut or force out with or as with a gouge; to push out (a person's eye) with the thumb. Chiefly with out adv. Const. out of. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > maiming or mutilation > maim or mutilate [verb (transitive)] > put out eyes to turn outc1450 to scratch out?1527 to put forth1534 poach1608 gouge1785 gouge1800 deoculate1816 the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > make hollow [verb (transitive)] > form by hollowing out > with or as with a gouge gouge1800 1800 A. Addison Rep. Cases Pennsylvania 29 M'Birnie..gouged his eye. 1829 F. Marryat Naval Officer III. ii. 44 He had gouged the eye out of a third. 1853 W. Irving Life & Lett. (1864) IV. 129 A pursar of the navy had gouged the bolt out of the wall. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems cviii. 5 Gouged be the carrion eyes some crow's black maw to replenish. 1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 379 As much as possible of the deep portion was gouged out. figurative.1808 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) II. 393 If there be a felicitous phrase, he is sure to gouge the sentence.1845 N.Y. Tribune 26 Nov. (Farmer) Very well gentlemen! gouge Mr. C. out of the seat, if you think it wholesome to do it. b. To force out the eye of (a person). Also absol. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > maiming or mutilation > maim or mutilate [verb (transitive)] > put out eyes to turn outc1450 to scratch out?1527 to put forth1534 poach1608 gouge1785 gouge1800 deoculate1816 1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue Gouge, to squeeze out a man's eye with the thumb, a cruel practice used by the Bostonians in America. 1796 T. Twining Trav. Amer. (1894) 91 In their common affrays they gouge and commit other barbarities. 1812 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1836) I. 286 Do they act on the principle..that it is prudent to secure the result of the contest by gouging the adversary? 1827 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 453/1 When they had gotten him on his back, one gouged him like a Yankee. 1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations I. xviii. 302 Joe scooped his eyes..as if he were bent on gouging himself. 4. U.S. To cheat, impose upon. Also absol. ΚΠ 1875 W. D. Howells Foregone Conclusion (1882) iii. 69 The man's a perfect Jew—or a perfect Christian, one ought to say in Venice; we true believers do gouge so much more infamously here. 1885 B. Harte Ship of '49 i He's regularly gouged me in that ere horsehair spekilation. 5. Mining. (See quots. 1964, 1971.) Also more generally, to dig for opal (cf. gouging n.). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (intransitive)] > for opal gouge1931 society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (intransitive)] > by specific method shammel1778 surface1852 gouge1931 opencast1959 1931 M. S. Buchanan Prospecting for Opal in Austral. 8 Gouge your drive, viz., push a cut under the roof searching after the seam of potch. 1936 A. Russell Gone Nomad i. 7 In chasing my rainbow I have..delved for gold; ‘gouged’ for opal; fossicked for diamonds. 1958 M. D. Berrington Stones of Fire 27 We'll gouge..to start with; and when we strike something we can drive properly. 1964 A. Nelson Dict. Mining 202 Gouging, working only the rich pockets of ore and leaving the low-grade or marginal ore unmined. 1971 J. S. Gunn Opal Terminol. 21 Gouge, to cut carefully under the roof searching for a seam of potch [i.e. worthless opaliferous material] so that full-scale cutting of the drive can begin. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1495n.²1828v.1570
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gougen.1

Compounds

† gougen.2

gougev.

gougen.¹

† gougen.²