graduationn.

Brit.

/ˌɡradʒʊˈeɪʃn/,

/ˌɡradjʊˈeɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌɡrædʒʊˈeɪʃən/

Etymology: < graduate v.: see -ation suffix.

The action of graduating.

a. The action or process of dividing into degrees or other proportionate divisions on a graduated scale.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > [noun] > measurement or grading according to scale

scalingc1710

graduation1833

calibration1871

1833 J. F. W. Herschel Astronomy ii. 105 The result will be liable to two sources of error—that of graduation and that of observation.

1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. II. 269 The slightest casualty happening to such an instrument, or any doubt whether the method of graduation has been rightly applied, make it unfit for the jealous scrupulosity of modern astronomy.

1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. iii. 24 The graduation and use of thermometers.

1880 Blyth in Encycl. Brit. XI. 27/2

b. plural. Lines employed to indicate degrees of latitude and longitude, quantity, etc.; singular †a single line on which these are marked; also collectively, the aggregate of lines employed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [noun] > a stage in a process or development > stages or movements

graduations1594

gradations1599

the world > relative properties > measurement > measuring instrument > [noun] > graduated instruments > graduated scale > lines on

graduations1594

calibration1959

1594 T. Blundeville Exercises vii. xxxi. f. 330 The line of degrees of Latitude, otherwise called the Graduation of the Carde.

1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. v. i. 155/2 The length thereof, measured by the graduations to both extremes.

1773 Gentleman's Mag. 43 115 The experiments which he has made..have enabled him to form a graduation for the thermometer of quick-silver that really expresses equal differences of heat.

1812 R. Woodhouse Elem. Treat. Astron. xl. 390 By reading off its graduations.

1849 J. F. W. Herschel Man. Sci. Enq. (Lords Commissioners Admiralty) 287 The graduation is in the stem of the screw, which is prolonged to receive and defend it.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1001/1 Sometimes the stopper is hollow, forms a cup, and has graduations for doses of certain amounts.

in extended use.1874 Edinb. Rev. No. 285. 92 Moving..among the stars, and..marking its course over those illuminated graduations of the nocturnal sky.

c. The manner in which something is graduated.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [noun] > a stage in a process or development > (process of) advancing in stages

graduation1653

climactery1655

graduction1842

multistaging1944

1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures x. 32 As may easily be seen by the cards and globes of the world, if so be their graduation be true.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxiv. 169 A thermometer, the graduation of which..he feared was not low enough.

†d. Position on a map as indicated by degrees. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1612 J. Speed Theatre of Empire of Great Brit. i. v. 9/2 [Chichester] whose Graduation for Latitude, is remooued from the Equator vnto the degree fiftie, fiftie fiue minutes.

a. Arrangement in degrees or gradations; ‘regular progression by succession of degrees’ (Johnson).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > [noun] > quality of being systematic > systematic arrangement > arrangement in gradations

graduation1658

1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 1051 Whence they [Scorpions] are so forcible with poyson, and have a kinde of graduation (that I may use Paracelsus) in the use of it.

1692 T. Tryon Good House-wife (ed. 2) ii. 27 Diseases that have..crept on by degrees..will require the like Graduation in the Cure.

1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra ii. vii. §9 The Graduation of the Parts of the Universe, is likewise necessary to the Perfection of the whole.

1865 G. Grote Plato I. xviii. 524 Graduation, or ordination of objects as former and latter, first, second, third, etc.

1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation iv. 73 I do not regret the abolition of the graduation of rank.

b. An elevation by degrees into a higher condition; also quasi-concrete a step in the process, a degree.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [noun] > improvement by degrees

graduation1643

refinement1659

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §38 We enjoy a being and life in three worlds, wherein we receive most manifest graduations .

1658 G. Starkey Natures Explic. Ep. to Rdr. sig. a6^v A strong Diaphoretick, curing the Cough, and all Feavers, and Agues, except of the highest graduation.

1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV clvii. 81 Until thy mind..unroll In mighty graduations, part by part, The glory which at once upon thee did not dart.

1863 C. C. Clarke Shakespeare-characters xvii. 445 [Justice] Silence [in 2 Hen. IV] is an embryo of a man,—a molecule,—a graduation from nonentity towards intellectual being.

†3. Alchemy, Chemistry, etc.

a. The process of tempering the composition of a substance to a required degree; the process of refining an element, a metal. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical processes > [noun] > refining

glorificationa1475

graduation1477

gradation1617

1477 T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy v, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 57 So manie graduations your wisdome must attaine.

1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. *iij In their [sc. Phisicians] Art of Graduation, and compounde Medicines.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. iii. 68 Of greater repugnancy unto reason is that which he delivers concerning its graduation, that heated in fire & often extinguished in oyle of Mars or Iron, it acquires an ability to extract or draw forth a naile fastened in a wall.

1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 57 Degrees of the graduation of the sulphurs.

1683 J. Pettus Fleta Minor (1686) i. 211 If you will do something more for the Graduation sake it may be done.

b. The process of concentrating (brine, etc.) by evaporation. Also attributive.

ΚΠ

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1087 Sea-water..may be concentrated..by graduation. At Salza, near Schönebeck, the graduation-house is 5817 feet long.

4. Gunnery. (See quot. 1828.)

ΚΠ

1828 J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner 380 The horizontal column at the bottom of the table..is the graduation, or common difference, of the several piles.

†5. U.S. Railways. Formerly used for grading n., gradient adj. and n.

ΚΠ

1840 H. S. Tanner Canals & Rail Roads U.S. 163 The maximum graduation..being about thirty feet per mile.

1840 H. S. Tanner Canals & Rail Roads U.S. 249 Graduation, the act of modifying or adjusting a roadway into a particular line. In rail-road making, it signifies the process by which a required grade is obtained.

6. The action of receiving or conferring a university degree, or a certificate of qualification from some recognized authority. Also, the ceremony of conferring degrees. Chiefly Scottish and U.S. Also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > [noun]

commencementa1387

proceeding1479

act1587

commencing1588

graduationa1639

manumissiona1662

determination1665

determining1675

inceptionc1680

bachelorizinga1739

post-graduation1920

a1639 J. Spottiswood Hist. Church Scotl. (1655) iii. 163 Every Earl's son at his entry should give 40s. with so much at his graduation.

1723 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 29 In a very little time after his graduation, he was advanced to be a Regent or Professor of Philosophy in that University.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. i. 361 There was nothing equivalent to the privileges of graduation, and to have attended any of those schools was not necessary, in order to be permitted to practise any particular trade or profession.

1858 D. Masson Life Milton (1859) I. 183 The most important formality connected with the graduation.

1876 J. Grant Hist. Burgh Schools Scotl. ii. v. 172 The rector [of the grammar School of Aberdeen] indulged the boys with..plays..sometimes at the graduation.

1901 Daily News 2 Mar. 4/7 There are only seven signatures of Milton known, the first occurring in the Graduation Book of Cambridge, 1628–9.

1903 N.Y. Times 7 Oct. 6 The annual graduation exercises of the schoolship St. Mary's were held last night on board the ship.

1906 M. E. Freeman By Light of Soul 217 Maria dressed herself in her graduation gown.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	graduation
释义	graduationn. Brit. /ˌɡradʒʊˈeɪʃn/, /ˌɡradjʊˈeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌɡrædʒʊˈeɪʃən/ Etymology: < graduate v.: see -ation suffix. The action of graduating. 1. a. The action or process of dividing into degrees or other proportionate divisions on a graduated scale. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > [noun] > measurement or grading according to scale scalingc1710 graduation1833 calibration1871 1833 J. F. W. Herschel Astronomy ii. 105 The result will be liable to two sources of error—that of graduation and that of observation. 1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. II. 269 The slightest casualty happening to such an instrument, or any doubt whether the method of graduation has been rightly applied, make it unfit for the jealous scrupulosity of modern astronomy. 1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. iii. 24 The graduation and use of thermometers. 1880 Blyth in Encycl. Brit. XI. 27/2 b. plural. Lines employed to indicate degrees of latitude and longitude, quantity, etc.; singular †a single line on which these are marked; also collectively, the aggregate of lines employed. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [noun] > a stage in a process or development > stages or movements graduations1594 gradations1599 the world > relative properties > measurement > measuring instrument > [noun] > graduated instruments > graduated scale > lines on graduations1594 calibration1959 1594 T. Blundeville Exercises vii. xxxi. f. 330 The line of degrees of Latitude, otherwise called the Graduation of the Carde. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. v. i. 155/2 The length thereof, measured by the graduations to both extremes. 1773 Gentleman's Mag. 43 115 The experiments which he has made..have enabled him to form a graduation for the thermometer of quick-silver that really expresses equal differences of heat. 1812 R. Woodhouse Elem. Treat. Astron. xl. 390 By reading off its graduations. 1849 J. F. W. Herschel Man. Sci. Enq. (Lords Commissioners Admiralty) 287 The graduation is in the stem of the screw, which is prolonged to receive and defend it. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1001/1 Sometimes the stopper is hollow, forms a cup, and has graduations for doses of certain amounts. in extended use.1874 Edinb. Rev. No. 285. 92 Moving..among the stars, and..marking its course over those illuminated graduations of the nocturnal sky. c. The manner in which something is graduated. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [noun] > a stage in a process or development > (process of) advancing in stages graduation1653 climactery1655 graduction1842 multistaging1944 1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures x. 32 As may easily be seen by the cards and globes of the world, if so be their graduation be true. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxiv. 169 A thermometer, the graduation of which..he feared was not low enough. †d. Position on a map as indicated by degrees. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1612 J. Speed Theatre of Empire of Great Brit. i. v. 9/2 [Chichester] whose Graduation for Latitude, is remooued from the Equator vnto the degree fiftie, fiftie fiue minutes. 2. a. Arrangement in degrees or gradations; ‘regular progression by succession of degrees’ (Johnson). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > [noun] > quality of being systematic > systematic arrangement > arrangement in gradations graduation1658 1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 1051 Whence they [Scorpions] are so forcible with poyson, and have a kinde of graduation (that I may use Paracelsus) in the use of it. 1692 T. Tryon Good House-wife (ed. 2) ii. 27 Diseases that have..crept on by degrees..will require the like Graduation in the Cure. 1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra ii. vii. §9 The Graduation of the Parts of the Universe, is likewise necessary to the Perfection of the whole. 1865 G. Grote Plato I. xviii. 524 Graduation, or ordination of objects as former and latter, first, second, third, etc. 1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation iv. 73 I do not regret the abolition of the graduation of rank. b. An elevation by degrees into a higher condition; also quasi-concrete a step in the process, a degree. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [noun] > improvement by degrees graduation1643 refinement1659 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §38 We enjoy a being and life in three worlds, wherein we receive most manifest graduations . View more context for this quotation 1658 G. Starkey Natures Explic. Ep. to Rdr. sig. a6^v A strong Diaphoretick, curing the Cough, and all Feavers, and Agues, except of the highest graduation. 1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV clvii. 81 Until thy mind..unroll In mighty graduations, part by part, The glory which at once upon thee did not dart. 1863 C. C. Clarke Shakespeare-characters xvii. 445 [Justice] Silence [in 2 Hen. IV] is an embryo of a man,—a molecule,—a graduation from nonentity towards intellectual being. †3. Alchemy, Chemistry, etc. a. The process of tempering the composition of a substance to a required degree; the process of refining an element, a metal. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical processes > [noun] > refining glorificationa1475 graduation1477 gradation1617 1477 T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy v, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 57 So manie graduations your wisdome must attaine. 1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. iij In their [sc.* Phisicians] Art of Graduation, and compounde Medicines. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. iii. 68 Of greater repugnancy unto reason is that which he delivers concerning its graduation, that heated in fire & often extinguished in oyle of Mars or Iron, it acquires an ability to extract or draw forth a naile fastened in a wall. View more context for this quotation 1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 57 Degrees of the graduation of the sulphurs. 1683 J. Pettus Fleta Minor (1686) i. 211 If you will do something more for the Graduation sake it may be done. b. The process of concentrating (brine, etc.) by evaporation. Also attributive. ΚΠ 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1087 Sea-water..may be concentrated..by graduation. At Salza, near Schönebeck, the graduation-house is 5817 feet long. 4. Gunnery. (See quot. 1828.) ΚΠ 1828 J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner 380 The horizontal column at the bottom of the table..is the graduation, or common difference, of the several piles. †5. U.S. Railways. Formerly used for grading n., gradient adj. and n. ΚΠ 1840 H. S. Tanner Canals & Rail Roads U.S. 163 The maximum graduation..being about thirty feet per mile. 1840 H. S. Tanner Canals & Rail Roads U.S. 249 Graduation, the act of modifying or adjusting a roadway into a particular line. In rail-road making, it signifies the process by which a required grade is obtained. 6. The action of receiving or conferring a university degree, or a certificate of qualification from some recognized authority. Also, the ceremony of conferring degrees. Chiefly Scottish and U.S. Also attributive. ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > [noun] commencementa1387 proceeding1479 act1587 commencing1588 graduationa1639 manumissiona1662 determination1665 determining1675 inceptionc1680 bachelorizinga1739 post-graduation1920 a1639 J. Spottiswood Hist. Church Scotl. (1655) iii. 163 Every Earl's son at his entry should give 40s. with so much at his graduation. 1723 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 29 In a very little time after his graduation, he was advanced to be a Regent or Professor of Philosophy in that University. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. i. 361 There was nothing equivalent to the privileges of graduation, and to have attended any of those schools was not necessary, in order to be permitted to practise any particular trade or profession. View more context for this quotation 1858 D. Masson Life Milton (1859) I. 183 The most important formality connected with the graduation. 1876 J. Grant Hist. Burgh Schools Scotl. ii. v. 172 The rector [of the grammar School of Aberdeen] indulged the boys with..plays..sometimes at the graduation. 1901 Daily News 2 Mar. 4/7 There are only seven signatures of Milton known, the first occurring in the Graduation Book of Cambridge, 1628–9. 1903 N.Y. Times 7 Oct. 6 The annual graduation exercises of the schoolship St. Mary's were held last night on board the ship. 1906 M. E. Freeman By Light of Soul 217 Maria dressed herself in her graduation gown. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1477
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