guiltn.

Brit.

/ɡɪlt/, U.S.

/ɡɪlt/

Forms: Old English gylt, irreg. gielt, Old English, Middle English gelt, Middle English gult(e, Middle English–1500s gilt, Middle English–1600s gylt(e, Middle English Orm. gillt, Middle English gilte, Middle English gelte, Middle English, 1500s guilte, ( gelthe, gylthe), 1500s– guilt.

Etymology: Old English gylt strong masculine < prehistoric type *gulti-z ; related to guilt v.No equivalent forms are known in the other Germanic languages. The connection commonly assumed with the Old Germanic root *geld- , gald- , guld- , to pay, yield n., is inadmissible phonologically, and its apparent plausibility with regard to sense disappears on examination. From the fact that Old English gylt renders Latin debitum in the Lord's Prayer and in Matthew xviii. 27, and that is gyltiȝ renders debet in Matthew xxiii. 18, it has been inferred that the noun had a primary sense ‘debt’, of which there seems to be no real evidence, though Old English scyld, German schuld, have developed the sense of ‘guilt’ from that of ‘debt’.

†1. A failure of duty, delinquency; offence, crime, sin. Obsolete. (Cf. 5b.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > wrongful deed > [noun]

misdeedeOE

guilt971

evilOE

follya1275

trespassc1290

errorc1330

illa1340

untetchea1375

offencec1384

crimec1390

forfeit1393

faultc1400

demerit1485

disorder1581

misfeasancea1626

misactiona1667

trespassage1874

society > morality > moral evil > guilt > [noun]

guilt971

sakeOE

plightc1175

wite?c1225

blame1297

culpe1377

culpablenessc1380

fact1583

piacle1619

society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > evildoing or wrongdoing > [noun] > an evil deed > an evil deed, fault, or offence

sinc825

guilt971

man deedOE

evilOE

misbodea1200

follya1275

unthrift1303

misbreydec1380

offencec1384

crimec1390

forfeit1393

felonya1400

faultc1400

misfeatc1400

feat1481

demerit1485

misdemeanoura1513

facta1533

piaculum1575

miscarriage1579

delinquishment1593

delinquency1603

piacle1644

amissness1648

peccancy1648

971 Blickl. Hom. 193 Þonne onfoþ hie forgifnesse ealra heora gylta æt urum Drihtne.

a1000 Kentish Ps. (Gr.) I. 39 Geltas geclansa, þa ðe ic on aldre æfre gefremede.

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 12 Forgyf us ure gyltas [c1160 Hatton geltas].

c1050 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) 8 320 Þæt we ne gefremmon gylta ænigne.

a1175 Cott. Hom. 223 Se lichame is deadlic þurh adames gylt.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 15873 Iff þeȝȝ muȝhen turrnen hemm. To betenn þeȝȝre gilltess.

12.. Paternoster in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 282 Forȝif us oure gultes.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2409 So ðinked euerilc wis man..ðe of adames gilte muneð.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 15 Þe ten hornes of þe beste betokneþ þe geltes of þe ten hestes of our lhorde.

a1400–50 Alexander (Dublin) 3213 Þat Sloghen so þair souerent þat neuer þaim gilt made.

1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 39 For which gilts and defaults it were worthy that the order..were fordone.

†2. Responsibility for an action or event; the ‘fault’ of (some person). (In Old English const. genitive.)

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > guilt > [noun] > responsibility for wrong

guilt11..

unmethelOE

fault1377

blame1393

11.. Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1048 (Laud) Eustatius hæfde gecydd þam cynge þet hit sceolde beon mare gylt þære burhwaru þonne his.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xiii. 257 It is for men ben nouȝt worthy To haue the grace of god and no gylte of the pope.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 317 If þe sarsyn ouercompþ [sic] him þare certis ȝe bereþ þe gilt.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 122 She taketh upon her self the gilt.

a1400–50 Alexander 2384 It was þe gilt all of þe gome & noȝt of þe gud lord.

1671 A. Behn Forc'd Marriage i. i. 3 I shall grow angry, and believe your pride Would put the guilt off on your modesty.

†3. Desert (of a penalty); esp. in phrase without guilt, without having done anything to deserve one's fate, innocently. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > [noun] > deserved or due

guiltc1275

warison?a1366

mercementa1387

demerit1621

c1275 Passion our Lord 342 in Old Eng. Misc. 47 Nenne gult of deþe ich on hym i-seo.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. v. 75 With-oute gult, god wot gat ich thys scathe.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xv. 67 Godd þan had done agayne his riȝtwisnesse for to suffer swilk ane innocent die withouten gilt.

c1430 Life St. Kath. (1884) 51 Seynge þat þe kepers scholde haue be turmented wyth oute gylte.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 642 He fand ane subtill wyle, But ony gilt how he suld them begyle.

a1625 J. Boys Wks. (1629–30) 268 Shee..abideth vnder the wrath of God, horror of conscience, guilt of death and hell.

4. The fact of having committed, or of being guilty of, some specified or implied offence; guiltiness. †Formerly (now poetic) const. of.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > guilt > [noun]

sakeOE

wite?c1225

blame1297

guiltc1330

fault1377

culpablenessc1380

guiltinessc1480

guiltyship1557

faultiness1571

fact1583

blameworthinessa1586

delinquishment1593

obnoxiousness1610

nocency1611

delinquence1613

nocence1614

piacle1619

deliquity1682

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 129 If a clerke men founde in his lond þat reft, þorgh slauhter or wounde, or þorgh oþer theft, Men suld schewe his guilte in þe courte of lay.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 165 Iustinianus Cesar was prived of þe ioye of his kyngdom for gilt of mysbyleve.

c1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 1100 Hast thow forsake þyn owne gult, And on a-noþer þe blame I-pult?

1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 196 It was neither guilt of Crime, nor reason of State, that could quench the Enuie that was vpon the King for this Execution.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 636 He in his deposition said somewhat that brought Sir Hugh Cambell and his son under the guilt of treason.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Lady Clara Vere de Vere in Poems (new ed.) I. 157 The guilt of blood is at your door.

1848 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 III. vii. 324 Positive proof of his guilt could not be adduced.

1891 Speaker 2 May 532/2 He has put the believers in the guilt of Richard III in a dilemma.

a. The state (meriting condemnation and reproach of conscience) of having wilfully committed crime or heinous moral offence; criminality, great culpability.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > guilt > [noun] > state of

guilt?1510

society > morality > moral evil > guilt > [noun] > state of

guiltinessc1480

guilt?1510

guiltyship1557

faultiness1571

blameworthinessa1586

uninnocence1593

obnoxiousness1610

nocency1611

nocence1614

culpability1675

?1510 T. More tr. G. Pico della Mirandola in tr. G. F. Pico della Mirandola Lyfe I. Picus sig. g.iii Spare vs wretchis & wassh away oure gilt That we be not by thy iust angre spilt.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. v. sig. Q6^v That his guilt the greater may appeare..I will a while with his first folly beare.

1654 H. Hammond Of Fund. in Notion xvi. 167 These..are taken away, the possibility of guilt, and the possibility of innocence.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 35. ⁋1 Several of my intimate Friends are in the Guilt.

1734 W. Whiston Diss. conc. God's Command to Abraham 8 Most of which seem to have had no other peculiar guilt upon them, than that common to Soldiers in War.

1757 T. Smollett Reprisal Prol. No guilt attends a fact involuntary.

1785 E. Burke Corr. (1844) III. 39 Guilt resides in the intention.

1813 Ld. Byron Giaour (ed. 5) 61 But heaven in wrath would turn away, If Guilt should for the guiltless pray.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth i, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 43 She never saw the child of her love stand before her doubly dishonoured, by guilt and by falsehood.

1876 J. B. Mozley Serm. preached Univ. of Oxf. viii. 176 Guilt is the direct consequence of a crime having been committed.

b. (With a and plural) An instance, kind, or degree of guilt. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > guilt > [noun] > instance of

guilt?a1513

society > morality > moral evil > guilt > [noun] > state of > instance, degree, or kind of

guilt?a1513

a1513 W. Dunbar Tabill of Confessioun in Poems (1998) I. 272 Off euerilk gilt and wickit gouernance I cry the marcy and laser to repent.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear ix. 58 Close pent vp guilts, riue your concealed centers.

1660 R. Allestree Gentlemans Calling Pref. sig. a8^v 'Twas amongst the Jews a Capital Guilt to curse a Parent.

1702 N. Rowe Tamerlane v. i. 2115 Nor has my Soul One unrepented Guilt upon remembrance.

1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 139. ⁋1 Rapine, Murder, and all the Guilts that attend War when it is unjust.

a1716 R. South 12 Serm. (1717) V. 3 The Pardon of a Guilt (too big for the common measures of Pardon).

1864 H. H. Brownell War Lyrics (1866) 21 Ah ever..In the crash of falling crime Some lesser guilt must share.

c. Conduct involving guilt; heinous sin or crime.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > heinousness > [noun] > conduct

excessc1386

guilt1726

society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > evildoing or wrongdoing > [noun]

sinc825

naughteOE

unnuteOE

sinningc1000

unrightOE

un-i-selthlOE

wonder1154

misguiltc1200

misdoinga1225

teeninga1225

miss?c1225

crimec1250

misdeed?c1250

wickednessa1300

mischiefa1387

evil-doing1398

mistakinga1400

perpetrationc1429

wrongingc1449

maledictionc1475

maleficence1533

wicked-doing1535

foul play1546

misdealing1571

flagition1598

delinquency1603

malefaction1604

meschancy1609

malefacture1635

misacting1651

guilt1726

flagitiosity1727

malpractice1739

malfeasance1856

peccation1861

miscreance1972

1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. x. 192 It [sc. self-deceit] is itself the greatest of all Guilt in Proportion to the Degree it prevails.

1780 Newgate Cal. V. 120 The life of this man seems to have been one chain of guilt from the cradle to the gallows.

1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto II cxxvii. 182 He was a Greek, and on his isle had built..A very handsome house from out his guilt.

d. Misused for ‘sense of guilt’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [noun] > feeling of guilt

guilt1690

guilt trip1972

1690–1 J. Tillotson Serm. (1735) I. xxxviii. 355 Guilt being nothing else but trouble arising in our minds, from a consciousness of having done contrary to what we are verily perswaded was our Duty.

1932 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. Apr. 377 The author considers that all individuals nourish large numbers of fads, fancies, hypothetical and unreal ‘guilts’.

1966 Listener 10 Mar. 341/2 If he [sc. a child] does take something that he knows is not his property, and if you detect him at it you will often find guilt written all over his face.

a. In legal use: The state of being regarded as justly liable to penalty. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > quality of being (a) criminal > state of having committed an offence

guilt1765

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. Introd. §2. 46 Here it is impossible that the party could foresee that an action, innocent when it was done, should be afterwards converted to guilt by a subsequent law.

1826 J. Kent Comm. Amer. Law I. 141 If a ship has contracted guilt by a breach of blockade, the offence is not discharged until the end of the voyage.

b. guilt by association (see quot. 1964).

ΚΠ

1941 Z. Chafee Free Speech in U.S. (1942) xi. 359 The doctrine of guilt by association is abhorrent enough in the criminal and deportation fields without being extended into the relation between lawyer and client.

1960 Listener 3 Mar. 415/1 He introduced those concepts of guilt by association and guilt by intention which have always been a feature of political trials and disputes in Russia.

1964 J. Gould & W. L. Kolb Dict. Social Sci. 298/2 Another form of legal usage comprehends the idea of guilt by association or guilt attaching to an individual through his relation or connection with a group of persons who are charged with a violation of a legally established line of conduct.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

guilt-feeling n.

ΚΠ

1951 A. Koestler Age of Longing i. i. 25 We can only achieve a constructive attitude if we rid ourselves of fallacious guilt-feelings about the past.

1963 A. Heron Towards Quaker View of Sex ii. 18 Without the special guilt-feelings which her upbringing has so often laid on the girl, man and maid are..on equal terms.

guilt-sense n.

ΚΠ

1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 16 Jan. 37/1 Unless the distinction is clearly made and recognized between objective and subjective guilt (between ‘guilt’ and ‘guilt-sense’), the significance of the former may all too easily escape the attention of the analyst.

guilt-born adj.

ΚΠ

1813 W. Scott Rokeby iii. xiv. 122 Guilt-born Excess, the goblet drained.

guilt-concealing adj.

ΚΠ

1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 179 Beneath the cloud of guilt-concealing night.

guilt-formed adj.

ΚΠ

1830 W. Scott Lett. Demonol. & Witchcraft x. 364 I cannot forbear giving you another instance of a guilt-formed phantom.

guilt-free adj.

ΚΠ

1960 A. Koestler Lotus & Robot ii. viii. 198 The permitted, and therefore guilt-free, pleasure of saké and concubinage.

guilt-haunted adj.

ΚΠ

1952 S. Spender Shelley 11 His friendship with Hogg now entered a new and perhaps guilt-haunted phase.

guilt-imbrued adj.

ΚΠ

1845 H. B. Hirst Poems 69 Others, sweet and dove-like;—others, regal:—Others, guilt-imbrued.

guilt-laden adj.

ΚΠ

1944 Mind 53 847 The repressed guilt-laden hatred, originally felt towards the mother for checking a certain impulse, may be extended or diverted to that impulse itself.

1951 S. Spender World within World 31 I was intensely self-conscious, guilt-laden, undisciplined, curious, inspired, and naïve.

guilt-reeking adj.

ΚΠ

1811 P. B. Shelley Tear ii. 4 Patriotism red with his guilt-reeking gore.

guilt-ridden adj.

ΚΠ

1960 A. Koestler Lotus & Robot 280 I accepted it as a truism, as most guilt-ridden Westerners do.

guilt-sick adj.

ΚΠ

a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Custome of Countrey iv. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Bb4/1 A guilt-sick conscience.

guilt-stained adj.

ΚΠ

a1822 P. B. Shelley Posthumous Fragm. M. Nicholson 82 At the orphan's sigh..Totters the fabric of thy guilt-stained throne.

guilt-stricken adj.

ΚΠ

1899 E. M. Aveling tr. K. Marx Secret Diplomatic Hist. 18th Cent. v. 74 Whether we consider her [sc. Russia's] power..as the mere vision of the guilt-stricken consciences of the European peoples—the question remains the same.

guilt-won adj.

C2.

guilt-complex n. (see complex n. 3), a mental obsession with the idea of having done wrong.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > guilt > [noun] > obsession with

guilt-complex1927

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > obsession > [noun] > with wrong-doing

guilt-complex1927

1927 D. K. Henderson & R. D. Gillespie Text-bk. Psychiatry ix. 198 Guilt complexes..also lead to compensating phantasies.

1929 A. Adler Probl. Neurosis vi. 84 The complicated state of self-accusation and repentance at the same time, which we call a guilt complex, which is always a superiority-striving on the useless side of life.

1960 A. Koestler Lotus & Robot 276 Auden's mea culpa..might serve as a motto for the Western guilt complex towards Asia.

† guiltwite n. [Old English wíte penalty] Obsolete penalty for commission of crime.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > fine > [noun]

witereden688

witec890

guiltwite964

ransom?c1225

amends1340

forfeiture1399

ush1417

recoverya1422

issue1424

unlaw1424

fine1430

forfeita1475

unlay1497

multure1533

estreatc1550

mulct1584

forfeitment1597

964 in Birch Cart. Sax. (1893) III. 379 Debitum transgressionis et penam delicti quæ Anglice dicitur Ofersæwnesse et Gyltwyte.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 95 Gultwite amendes for trespas.

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Ll1/1 Gultwit (as Saxon in his description of England ca. ii. doth interpret it) is an amends for trespas.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Gyltwite..Gultwit (Sax. Law-Term).

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

† guiltv.

Forms: Old English gyltan, Middle English gulten /y/, Orm. gilltenn, Middle English gilte(n, Middle English gilt, Middle English–1500s gylte, 1500s guilt. past tense Middle English gulte, Middle English gilte, Middle English gilted, giltid, Middle English gylted. past participle Middle English igult, Middle English–1500s gilt, Middle English gult, Middle English gilted, 1500s guilted.

Etymology: Old English gyltan < prehistoric type *gultjan; related to guilt n.

Obsolete.

a. intransitive. To commit an offence or trespass, to sin.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > [verb (intransitive)]

guiltc825

misdoOE

misfereOE

misnimc1225

trespass1303

forfeita1325

misguiltc1330

misworka1375

transverse1377

offendc1384

mistakec1390

faulta1400

commit1449

misprize1485

digress1541

transgress1662

society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > evildoing or wrongdoing > do evil or wrong [verb (intransitive)] > transgress or offend

guiltc825

sinc825

to break a bruchec1225

trespass1303

forfeita1325

folly1357

misworka1375

transverse1377

offendc1384

mistakec1390

faulta1400

commit1449

misprize1485

transgress1526

digress1541

misdeal1573

to commit (also do, make) an offence1841

overstep1931

c825 [implied in: Vesp. Psalter xxiv. 8 Swoete & reht dryten fore ðissum aee gesette gyltendum in wege. (at guilting adj.)].

c897 [implied in: K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xxi. 166 Ðara gyltendra scylda. (at guilting adj.)].

c1020 Rule St. Benet. (Logeman) vi. 25 Ic sæde ic gehealde wegas mine þæt ic na gylte on minre tungan.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 83 Þa com þes Mon, he nefre ne gulte.

a1200 Moral Ode 27 Al to lome ich habbe igult a werke and o worde often.

a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1521 Ther-fore the were gulte That leof is over wummon to pulte.

1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 550 Michel gilte ȝe, gome, bi ȝour godus falce.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job ix. 28 I shamede alle my werkis, witende that thou shuldist not spare to the giltende.

a1400–50 Alexander 472 Þou has giltid, bot noȝt gretly.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 566/1 I gylte, I faulte or commyt a trespasse (Lydgate).

b. Const. against, rarely to (a person, a law). Also with dative of person, and accusative of thing (neuter pronoun).

ΚΠ

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 5142 Godd itt te forrbedeþþ. To gilltenn ohht onn ȝæness himm.

1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 384 We ne gilte noht god no no gome here.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. viii. 151 Alle thuse rybaudes that repenten hem sore, That euere thei gulte aȝens the.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xiv. xxviii. (Tollem. MS.) In þoo mawmetes Salomon trespasid and giltid his owne God.

a1400–50 Alexander 2430 Þare as he gilt me agayns & I him gradid haue.

1414 T. Brampton Paraphr. Seven Penit. Psalms (1842) xxvi. 10 Graunte me grace..Thi lawe to understande..That I nevere gylte aȝens itt.

1423 Kingis Quair xxxviii Quhat haue I gilt to him or doon offense, That I am thrall, and birdis gone at large?

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail l. l. 658 Why hast þou thus here now wrowht with goddis peple that Gylted the nowht?

a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 699 Qwhat haue y gilt, allace! or qwhat deseruit?

2. [ < guilt n.] transitive. To render guilty. In quot. 1556 reflexive.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > guilt > make guilty [verb (transitive)]

forguiltc1175

guilt1556

beguilty1632

1556 N. Grimald tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Duties iii. f. 116 Hathe he then giltied himself of murder..?

Draft additions December 2006

transitive. colloquial (chiefly U.S.). = guilt-trip v. 2. Also with out.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > guilt > [verb (transitive)]

forguiltc1175

beguilty1628

guilt1971

1971 Off our Backs Nov. 3/1 Conflicts arose over the importance of women's caucuses..and over whether women's studies should be taught in the context of women's liberation. When this happened, however,..people were guilted into being practical.

1984 N.Y. Times 25 Nov. i. 78/6 Dr. Scarr hopes that ‘Mother Care/Other Care’..will be read not only by mothers and potential mothers, but also by grandparents,..so they'll stop guilting their daughters.

1996 Today's Parent (Electronic ed.) Oct. 100 The next day some older friends of mine guilted me out about it so much that I went to my parents and confessed.

2001 J. Franzen Corrections 93 He weathered a spasm of hatred of Denise for having guilted him into inviting his parents to lunch.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	guilt
释义	guiltn. Brit. /ɡɪlt/, U.S. /ɡɪlt/ Forms: Old English gylt, irreg. gielt, Old English, Middle English gelt, Middle English gult(e, Middle English–1500s gilt, Middle English–1600s gylt(e, Middle English Orm. gillt, Middle English gilte, Middle English gelte, Middle English, 1500s guilte, ( gelthe, gylthe), 1500s– guilt. Etymology: Old English gylt strong masculine < prehistoric type gulti-z ; related to guilt v.No equivalent forms are known in the other Germanic languages. The connection commonly assumed with the Old Germanic root geld- , gald- , guld- , to pay, yield n., is inadmissible phonologically, and its apparent plausibility with regard to sense disappears on examination. From the fact that Old English gylt renders Latin debitum in the Lord's Prayer and in Matthew xviii. 27, and that is gyltiȝ renders debet in Matthew xxiii. 18, it has been inferred that the noun had a primary sense ‘debt’, of which there seems to be no real evidence, though Old English scyld, German schuld, have developed the sense of ‘guilt’ from that of ‘debt’. †1. A failure of duty, delinquency; offence, crime, sin. Obsolete. (Cf. 5b.) ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > wrongful deed > [noun] misdeedeOE guilt971 evilOE follya1275 trespassc1290 errorc1330 illa1340 untetchea1375 offencec1384 crimec1390 forfeit1393 faultc1400 demerit1485 disorder1581 misfeasancea1626 misactiona1667 trespassage1874 society > morality > moral evil > guilt > [noun] guilt971 sakeOE plightc1175 wite?c1225 blame1297 culpe1377 culpablenessc1380 fact1583 piacle1619 society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > evildoing or wrongdoing > [noun] > an evil deed > an evil deed, fault, or offence sinc825 guilt971 man deedOE evilOE misbodea1200 follya1275 unthrift1303 misbreydec1380 offencec1384 crimec1390 forfeit1393 felonya1400 faultc1400 misfeatc1400 feat1481 demerit1485 misdemeanoura1513 facta1533 piaculum1575 miscarriage1579 delinquishment1593 delinquency1603 piacle1644 amissness1648 peccancy1648 971 Blickl. Hom. 193 Þonne onfoþ hie forgifnesse ealra heora gylta æt urum Drihtne. a1000 Kentish Ps. (Gr.) I. 39 Geltas geclansa, þa ðe ic on aldre æfre gefremede. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 12 Forgyf us ure gyltas [c1160 Hatton geltas]. c1050 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) 8 320 Þæt we ne gefremmon gylta ænigne. a1175 Cott. Hom. 223 Se lichame is deadlic þurh adames gylt. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 15873 Iff þeȝȝ muȝhen turrnen hemm. To betenn þeȝȝre gilltess. 12.. Paternoster in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 282 Forȝif us oure gultes. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2409 So ðinked euerilc wis man..ðe of adames gilte muneð. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 15 Þe ten hornes of þe beste betokneþ þe geltes of þe ten hestes of our lhorde. a1400–50 Alexander (Dublin) 3213 Þat Sloghen so þair souerent þat neuer þaim gilt made. 1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 39 For which gilts and defaults it were worthy that the order..were fordone. †2. Responsibility for an action or event; the ‘fault’ of (some person). (In Old English const. genitive.) ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > guilt > [noun] > responsibility for wrong guilt11.. unmethelOE fault1377 blame1393 11.. Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1048 (Laud) Eustatius hæfde gecydd þam cynge þet hit sceolde beon mare gylt þære burhwaru þonne his. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xiii. 257 It is for men ben nouȝt worthy To haue the grace of god and no gylte of the pope. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 317 If þe sarsyn ouercompþ [sic] him þare certis ȝe bereþ þe gilt. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 122 She taketh upon her self the gilt. a1400–50 Alexander 2384 It was þe gilt all of þe gome & noȝt of þe gud lord. 1671 A. Behn Forc'd Marriage i. i. 3 I shall grow angry, and believe your pride Would put the guilt off on your modesty. †3. Desert (of a penalty); esp. in phrase without guilt, without having done anything to deserve one's fate, innocently. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > [noun] > deserved or due guiltc1275 warison?a1366 mercementa1387 demerit1621 c1275 Passion our Lord 342 in Old Eng. Misc. 47 Nenne gult of deþe ich on hym i-seo. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. v. 75 With-oute gult, god wot gat ich thys scathe. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xv. 67 Godd þan had done agayne his riȝtwisnesse for to suffer swilk ane innocent die withouten gilt. c1430 Life St. Kath. (1884) 51 Seynge þat þe kepers scholde haue be turmented wyth oute gylte. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 642 He fand ane subtill wyle, But ony gilt how he suld them begyle. a1625 J. Boys Wks. (1629–30) 268 Shee..abideth vnder the wrath of God, horror of conscience, guilt of death and hell. 4. The fact of having committed, or of being guilty of, some specified or implied offence; guiltiness. †Formerly (now poetic) const. of. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > guilt > [noun] sakeOE wite?c1225 blame1297 guiltc1330 fault1377 culpablenessc1380 guiltinessc1480 guiltyship1557 faultiness1571 fact1583 blameworthinessa1586 delinquishment1593 obnoxiousness1610 nocency1611 delinquence1613 nocence1614 piacle1619 deliquity1682 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 129 If a clerke men founde in his lond þat reft, þorgh slauhter or wounde, or þorgh oþer theft, Men suld schewe his guilte in þe courte of lay. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 165 Iustinianus Cesar was prived of þe ioye of his kyngdom for gilt of mysbyleve. c1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 1100 Hast thow forsake þyn owne gult, And on a-noþer þe blame I-pult? 1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 196 It was neither guilt of Crime, nor reason of State, that could quench the Enuie that was vpon the King for this Execution. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 636 He in his deposition said somewhat that brought Sir Hugh Cambell and his son under the guilt of treason. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Lady Clara Vere de Vere in Poems (new ed.) I. 157 The guilt of blood is at your door. 1848 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 III. vii. 324 Positive proof of his guilt could not be adduced. 1891 Speaker 2 May 532/2 He has put the believers in the guilt of Richard III in a dilemma. 5. a. The state (meriting condemnation and reproach of conscience) of having wilfully committed crime or heinous moral offence; criminality, great culpability. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > guilt > [noun] > state of guilt?1510 society > morality > moral evil > guilt > [noun] > state of guiltinessc1480 guilt?1510 guiltyship1557 faultiness1571 blameworthinessa1586 uninnocence1593 obnoxiousness1610 nocency1611 nocence1614 culpability1675 ?1510 T. More tr. G. Pico della Mirandola in tr. G. F. Pico della Mirandola Lyfe I. Picus sig. g.iii Spare vs wretchis & wassh away oure gilt That we be not by thy iust angre spilt. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. v. sig. Q6^v That his guilt the greater may appeare..I will a while with his first folly beare. View more context for this quotation 1654 H. Hammond Of Fund. in Notion xvi. 167 These..are taken away, the possibility of guilt, and the possibility of innocence. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 35. ⁋1 Several of my intimate Friends are in the Guilt. 1734 W. Whiston Diss. conc. God's Command to Abraham 8 Most of which seem to have had no other peculiar guilt upon them, than that common to Soldiers in War. 1757 T. Smollett Reprisal Prol. No guilt attends a fact involuntary. 1785 E. Burke Corr. (1844) III. 39 Guilt resides in the intention. 1813 Ld. Byron Giaour (ed. 5) 61 But heaven in wrath would turn away, If Guilt should for the guiltless pray. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth i, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 43 She never saw the child of her love stand before her doubly dishonoured, by guilt and by falsehood. 1876 J. B. Mozley Serm. preached Univ. of Oxf. viii. 176 Guilt is the direct consequence of a crime having been committed. b. (With a and plural) An instance, kind, or degree of guilt. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > guilt > [noun] > instance of guilt?a1513 society > morality > moral evil > guilt > [noun] > state of > instance, degree, or kind of guilt?a1513 a1513 W. Dunbar Tabill of Confessioun in Poems (1998) I. 272 Off euerilk gilt and wickit gouernance I cry the marcy and laser to repent. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear ix. 58 Close pent vp guilts, riue your concealed centers. View more context for this quotation 1660 R. Allestree Gentlemans Calling Pref. sig. a8^v 'Twas amongst the Jews a Capital Guilt to curse a Parent. 1702 N. Rowe Tamerlane v. i. 2115 Nor has my Soul One unrepented Guilt upon remembrance. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 139. ⁋1 Rapine, Murder, and all the Guilts that attend War when it is unjust. a1716 R. South 12 Serm. (1717) V. 3 The Pardon of a Guilt (too big for the common measures of Pardon). 1864 H. H. Brownell War Lyrics (1866) 21 Ah ever..In the crash of falling crime Some lesser guilt must share. c. Conduct involving guilt; heinous sin or crime. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > heinousness > [noun] > conduct excessc1386 guilt1726 society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > evildoing or wrongdoing > [noun] sinc825 naughteOE unnuteOE sinningc1000 unrightOE un-i-selthlOE wonder1154 misguiltc1200 misdoinga1225 teeninga1225 miss?c1225 crimec1250 misdeed?c1250 wickednessa1300 mischiefa1387 evil-doing1398 mistakinga1400 perpetrationc1429 wrongingc1449 maledictionc1475 maleficence1533 wicked-doing1535 foul play1546 misdealing1571 flagition1598 delinquency1603 malefaction1604 meschancy1609 malefacture1635 misacting1651 guilt1726 flagitiosity1727 malpractice1739 malfeasance1856 peccation1861 miscreance1972 1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. x. 192 It [sc. self-deceit] is itself the greatest of all Guilt in Proportion to the Degree it prevails. 1780 Newgate Cal. V. 120 The life of this man seems to have been one chain of guilt from the cradle to the gallows. 1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto II cxxvii. 182 He was a Greek, and on his isle had built..A very handsome house from out his guilt. d. Misused for ‘sense of guilt’. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [noun] > feeling of guilt guilt1690 guilt trip1972 1690–1 J. Tillotson Serm. (1735) I. xxxviii. 355 Guilt being nothing else but trouble arising in our minds, from a consciousness of having done contrary to what we are verily perswaded was our Duty. 1932 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. Apr. 377 The author considers that all individuals nourish large numbers of fads, fancies, hypothetical and unreal ‘guilts’. 1966 Listener 10 Mar. 341/2 If he [sc. a child] does take something that he knows is not his property, and if you detect him at it you will often find guilt written all over his face. 6. a. In legal use: The state of being regarded as justly liable to penalty. rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > quality of being (a) criminal > state of having committed an offence guilt1765 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. Introd. §2. 46 Here it is impossible that the party could foresee that an action, innocent when it was done, should be afterwards converted to guilt by a subsequent law. 1826 J. Kent Comm. Amer. Law I. 141 If a ship has contracted guilt by a breach of blockade, the offence is not discharged until the end of the voyage. b. guilt by association (see quot. 1964). ΚΠ 1941 Z. Chafee Free Speech in U.S. (1942) xi. 359 The doctrine of guilt by association is abhorrent enough in the criminal and deportation fields without being extended into the relation between lawyer and client. 1960 Listener 3 Mar. 415/1 He introduced those concepts of guilt by association and guilt by intention which have always been a feature of political trials and disputes in Russia. 1964 J. Gould & W. L. Kolb Dict. Social Sci. 298/2 Another form of legal usage comprehends the idea of guilt by association or guilt attaching to an individual through his relation or connection with a group of persons who are charged with a violation of a legally established line of conduct. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. guilt-feeling n. ΚΠ 1951 A. Koestler Age of Longing i. i. 25 We can only achieve a constructive attitude if we rid ourselves of fallacious guilt-feelings about the past. 1963 A. Heron Towards Quaker View of Sex ii. 18 Without the special guilt-feelings which her upbringing has so often laid on the girl, man and maid are..on equal terms. guilt-sense n. ΚΠ 1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 16 Jan. 37/1 Unless the distinction is clearly made and recognized between objective and subjective guilt (between ‘guilt’ and ‘guilt-sense’), the significance of the former may all too easily escape the attention of the analyst. b. guilt-born adj. ΚΠ 1813 W. Scott Rokeby iii. xiv. 122 Guilt-born Excess, the goblet drained. guilt-concealing adj. ΚΠ 1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 179 Beneath the cloud of guilt-concealing night. guilt-formed adj. ΚΠ 1830 W. Scott Lett. Demonol. & Witchcraft x. 364 I cannot forbear giving you another instance of a guilt-formed phantom. guilt-free adj. ΚΠ 1960 A. Koestler Lotus & Robot ii. viii. 198 The permitted, and therefore guilt-free, pleasure of saké and concubinage. guilt-haunted adj. ΚΠ 1952 S. Spender Shelley 11 His friendship with Hogg now entered a new and perhaps guilt-haunted phase. guilt-imbrued adj. ΚΠ 1845 H. B. Hirst Poems 69 Others, sweet and dove-like;—others, regal:—Others, guilt-imbrued. guilt-laden adj. ΚΠ 1944 Mind 53 847 The repressed guilt-laden hatred, originally felt towards the mother for checking a certain impulse, may be extended or diverted to that impulse itself. 1951 S. Spender World within World 31 I was intensely self-conscious, guilt-laden, undisciplined, curious, inspired, and naïve. guilt-reeking adj. ΚΠ 1811 P. B. Shelley Tear ii. 4 Patriotism red with his guilt-reeking gore. guilt-ridden adj. ΚΠ 1960 A. Koestler Lotus & Robot 280 I accepted it as a truism, as most guilt-ridden Westerners do. guilt-sick adj. ΚΠ a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Custome of Countrey iv. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Bb4/1 A guilt-sick conscience. guilt-stained adj. ΚΠ a1822 P. B. Shelley Posthumous Fragm. M. Nicholson 82 At the orphan's sigh..Totters the fabric of thy guilt-stained throne. guilt-stricken adj. ΚΠ 1899 E. M. Aveling tr. K. Marx Secret Diplomatic Hist. 18th Cent. v. 74 Whether we consider her [sc. Russia's] power..as the mere vision of the guilt-stricken consciences of the European peoples—the question remains the same. guilt-won adj. C2. guilt-complex n. (see complex n. 3), a mental obsession with the idea of having done wrong. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > guilt > [noun] > obsession with guilt-complex1927 the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > obsession > [noun] > with wrong-doing guilt-complex1927 1927 D. K. Henderson & R. D. Gillespie Text-bk. Psychiatry ix. 198 Guilt complexes..also lead to compensating phantasies. 1929 A. Adler Probl. Neurosis vi. 84 The complicated state of self-accusation and repentance at the same time, which we call a guilt complex, which is always a superiority-striving on the useless side of life. 1960 A. Koestler Lotus & Robot 276 Auden's mea culpa..might serve as a motto for the Western guilt complex towards Asia. † guiltwite n. [Old English wíte penalty] Obsolete penalty for commission of crime. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > fine > [noun] witereden688 witec890 guiltwite964 ransom?c1225 amends1340 forfeiture1399 ush1417 recoverya1422 issue1424 unlaw1424 fine1430 forfeita1475 unlay1497 multure1533 estreatc1550 mulct1584 forfeitment1597 964 in Birch Cart. Sax. (1893) III. 379 Debitum transgressionis et penam delicti quæ Anglice dicitur Ofersæwnesse et Gyltwyte. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 95 Gultwite amendes for trespas. 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Ll1/1 Gultwit (as Saxon in his description of England ca. ii. doth interpret it) is an amends for trespas. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Gyltwite..Gultwit (Sax. Law-Term). This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † guiltv. Forms: Old English gyltan, Middle English gulten /y/, Orm. gilltenn, Middle English gilte(n, Middle English gilt, Middle English–1500s gylte, 1500s guilt. past tense Middle English gulte, Middle English gilte, Middle English gilted, giltid, Middle English gylted. past participle Middle English igult, Middle English–1500s gilt, Middle English gult, Middle English gilted, 1500s guilted. Etymology: Old English gyltan < prehistoric type gultjan; related to guilt n. Obsolete. 1. a. intransitive. To commit an offence or trespass, to sin. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > [verb (intransitive)] guiltc825 misdoOE misfereOE misnimc1225 trespass1303 forfeita1325 misguiltc1330 misworka1375 transverse1377 offendc1384 mistakec1390 faulta1400 commit1449 misprize1485 digress1541 transgress1662 society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > evildoing or wrongdoing > do evil or wrong [verb (intransitive)] > transgress or offend guiltc825 sinc825 to break a bruchec1225 trespass1303 forfeita1325 folly1357 misworka1375 transverse1377 offendc1384 mistakec1390 faulta1400 commit1449 misprize1485 transgress1526 digress1541 misdeal1573 to commit (also do, make) an offence1841 overstep1931 c825 [implied in: Vesp. Psalter* xxiv. 8 Swoete & reht dryten fore ðissum aee gesette gyltendum in wege. (at guilting adj.)]. c897 [implied in: K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xxi. 166 Ðara gyltendra scylda. (at guilting adj.)]. c1020 Rule St. Benet. (Logeman) vi. 25 Ic sæde ic gehealde wegas mine þæt ic na gylte on minre tungan. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 83 Þa com þes Mon, he nefre ne gulte. a1200 Moral Ode 27 Al to lome ich habbe igult a werke and o worde often. a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1521 Ther-fore the were gulte That leof is over wummon to pulte. 1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 550 Michel gilte ȝe, gome, bi ȝour godus falce. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job ix. 28 I shamede alle my werkis, witende that thou shuldist not spare to the giltende. a1400–50 Alexander 472 Þou has giltid, bot noȝt gretly. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 566/1 I gylte, I faulte or commyt a trespasse (Lydgate). b. Const. against, rarely to (a person, a law). Also with dative of person, and accusative of thing (neuter pronoun). ΚΠ c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 5142 Godd itt te forrbedeþþ. To gilltenn ohht onn ȝæness himm. 1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 384 We ne gilte noht god no no gome here. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. viii. 151 Alle thuse rybaudes that repenten hem sore, That euere thei gulte aȝens the. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xiv. xxviii. (Tollem. MS.) In þoo mawmetes Salomon trespasid and giltid his owne God. a1400–50 Alexander 2430 Þare as he gilt me agayns & I him gradid haue. 1414 T. Brampton Paraphr. Seven Penit. Psalms (1842) xxvi. 10 Graunte me grace..Thi lawe to understande..That I nevere gylte aȝens itt. 1423 Kingis Quair xxxviii Quhat haue I gilt to him or doon offense, That I am thrall, and birdis gone at large? a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail l. l. 658 Why hast þou thus here now wrowht with goddis peple that Gylted the nowht? a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 699 Qwhat haue y gilt, allace! or qwhat deseruit? 2. [ < guilt n.] transitive. To render guilty. In quot. 1556 reflexive. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > guilt > make guilty [verb (transitive)] forguiltc1175 guilt1556 beguilty1632 1556 N. Grimald tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Duties iii. f. 116 Hathe he then giltied himself of murder..? Draft additions December 2006 transitive. colloquial (chiefly U.S.). = guilt-trip v. 2. Also with out. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > guilt > [verb (transitive)] forguiltc1175 beguilty1628 guilt1971 1971 Off our Backs Nov. 3/1 Conflicts arose over the importance of women's caucuses..and over whether women's studies should be taught in the context of women's liberation. When this happened, however,..people were guilted into being practical. 1984 N.Y. Times 25 Nov. i. 78/6 Dr. Scarr hopes that ‘Mother Care/Other Care’..will be read not only by mothers and potential mothers, but also by grandparents,..so they'll stop guilting their daughters. 1996 Today's Parent (Electronic ed.) Oct. 100 The next day some older friends of mine guilted me out about it so much that I went to my parents and confessed. 2001 J. Franzen Corrections 93 He weathered a spasm of hatred of Denise for having guilted him into inviting his parents to lunch. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.964v.c825
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