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单词 grandam
释义

grandamn.

Brit. /ˈɡrandam/, U.S. /ˈɡrænˌdæm/, /ˈɡrændəm/
Forms:

α. Middle English grantdame, Middle English grawnedame, Middle English–1500s graundame, Middle English–1500s grauntdame, Middle English– grandame Brit. /ˈɡrandeɪm/, U.S. /ˈɡrænˌdeɪm/, 1500s grande dame, 1500s grandhame, 1500s 1800s– granddame, 1500s– grand-dame, 1800s grandeeam (English regional (Yorkshire)); also Scottish pre-1700 grandeam, pre-1700 grandeame, pre-1700 grandhame, pre-1700 grantdame, pre-1700 grantdeme, pre-1700 graunde dame.

β. Middle English graundam (in a late copy), Middle English grauntdam, Middle English grawndam, 1500s grandamme, 1500s grandum, 1500s– grandam, 1600s 1800s– grand-dam, 1600s 1900s– granddam, 1700s grandom, 1700s– grand dam; also Scottish pre-1700 granddem, pre-1700 grandhom, 1700s grandham.

See also grannam n.
Origin: Apparently a borrowing from French. Etymon: French *grandame.
Etymology: Apparently < Anglo-Norman or Old French *grandame, although the word appears not to be attested in French until considerably later than quot. c1225 at sense 1a: compare Middle French grandame , grandamme (a1398) < grand grand adj. + dame dame n. Compare discussion at grand- comb. form.In Anglo-Norman and Old French the usual term for grandmother in written texts is aele , aiuele (compare aiel n.).
1.
a. The mother of one's father or mother; = grandmother n. 1. Now archaic.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > grandparent > [noun] > grandmother
eldmotherc1000
grandamc1225
good-dame1400
grandmother1424
beldamc1440
lucky1629
granny1659
grandmama1694
lucky minnie1755
grandma1772
grandmammy1789
gran1829
babushka1834
abuela1836
grandmom1860
grandmum1861
grammy1886
dadi1888
minnie1888
grams1893
bubbe1895
nana1899
gram1923
nanny1927
lola1934
abuelita1937
oma1948
nain1954
nan1955
makulu1980
omi1988
c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Royal) (1934) 53 In hire grandame hus þat wes icleopet Clete.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 1445 A lady..So old sche myhte unethes go, And was grantdame unto the dede.
1464 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 159 (MED) Item, my mastyre toke..to my ladyis grawndamys harpere that dwellyth in Chestre, iij s. iiij d.
1509 J. Fisher Serm. Henry VIJ (de Worde) (colophon) My lady the kynges graundame.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 194v His graundam full graidly grippit hym onone.
1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 96 The xxvij. of June [1555] was kept the obijt of the kynges grandhame.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) i. i. 168 I am thy grandame Richard. View more context for this quotation
1672 J. Lacy Dumb Lady ii. i. 26 I'l see you buried in the flaxon your Grandam spun her self.
1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Wife of Bathe's Tale in Fables 493 No Father can infuse, or Wit, or Grace, A Mother comes across, and marrs the Race. A Grandsire, or a Grandame taints the Blood.
1737 Some Refl. conc. Reduction Gold Coin Ireland 8 He may fancy himself very Rich..but when he comes to a Foreign Market, he will find it all imaginary veryfying his Grandam's Tales of Fairy-Gold.
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian viii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 209 These blunders occasioned grief to his grand-dame.
1841 R. W. Emerson Self-reliance in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 68 We are like children who repeat by rote the sentences of grandames and tutors.
1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxxxiv. 6 So grandsire, grandam alike did agree.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xiv. [Oxen of the Sun] 374 Our grandam, which we are linked up with by successive anastomosis of navelcords.
1987 W. Meredith New Poems in Partial Accts. 178 Even with ourselves, where a family holds to one place for a little while, gestures recur from granddam to grandchild.
2009 K. Maitland Owl Killers 247 My old grandam used to tell me tales of him that her mam had taught her.
b. The female parent of the parent of an animal, especially a horse; spec. the dam's dam. See dam n.2 2.In this sense, always in form without final e.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > family unit > [noun] > female > parent > mother's mother
grandam1729
1729 R. Bradley Gentleman & Farmer's Guide iv. 252 We cannot be assured that such an Horse is of a true English Breed.., his Grandsire, or Grandam, might be perhaps both Foreigners.
1786 J. Weatherby Racing Cal. 14 235 Woodpigeon, by Woodpecker, out of Crop's grandam.
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1308 By coupling the female [ewe] thus generated, with such a male..another improvement of one-half will be obtained, affording a staple three-fourths finer than that of the grandam.
1877 Spirit of Times 24 Nov. 445/1 Sired by Junior Golddust, he by Old Golddust; dam of this colt by Old Golddust, and grandam by Dorsey's horse, making the colt five-eighths blood to Dorsey's horse.
1957 C. Leicester Bloodstock Breeding ix. 144 This..leaves untouched the tail female line, i.e. the dam, grandam, etc. of the animal under investigation.
2007 Racing Rev. 109/2 We saw he was by Sadler's Wells and liked his pedigree (he comes from one of the best McGrath female lines and his grandam, Sweet Mimosa, won the French Oaks).
2. Scottish. One's great-grandmother. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1400 G. Dunbar Let. 18 Feb. in Sc. Rev. 19 (1892) 313 Gif dame Alice the Bewmount was yhour graunde dame, dame Mariory Comyne hyrre full sister was my graunde dame on the tother syde.
1543 Inverness Sheriff Court f. 15, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) His father, mother, guid schyir, guidame, grandschyir, grandeam..or..utheris his predecessouri.
1648 Misc. Spald. C. V. 331 Whos mother wes dochter to vmquhill William Earle Marshall, his gudame dochter to the Earle Findlater, and his grandame dochter to my Lord Forbes.
1688 W. Scot True Hist. Families 37 Thy thirty Ancestors I would have men to ken, Thy eight great Grandsirs, and thy eight great Grandames, Thy Grandsirs and Grandames eight, that makes twenty four [etc.].
3. A female ancestor; = grandmother n. 2. Now rare (archaic and poetic).Used especially with reference to the Biblical figure Eve.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > ancestor > [noun] > first ancestor or patriarch > Adam and Eve as > Eve
EveeOE
forme-modera1450
grandam1531
1531 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Chron. Scotl. (1941) II. xiii. xvi. 230 King Alexander..tuke þe banys of his grandame, Sanct Margarate.
1620 T. Peyton Glasse of Time i. 30 Our grandame Eue.
1629 J. Gaule Practique Theories Christs Predict. 9 One should ryse from her Loynes, to recouer his Grand-dames fall; and pash that wily Serpents head.
1647 in J. Cleveland Poems (new ed.) in Char. London-diurnall (Wing C4666) 52 The Devill sure such language did atchieve, To cheat our un-fore-warned Grandam Eve.
1724 Weekly Jrnl. 25 Jan. 2769/1 When Grandame Eve first invented the Needle to sew Fig Leaves together.
1820 W. Scott Abbot I. iv. 93 Who, wise and good as she was, was yet a daughter of grandame Eve.
1896 R. Kipling Seven Seas 83 The grandam of my grandam was the Lyre—That the Stealer stooping beachward filled with fire.
1914 D. C. Beard Shelters, Shacks & Shanties xlviii. 236 Here also, over the open fire, fish, game, and chickens may be cooked, as our grandams and granddaddies cooked them.
1943 R. Graves Story Marie Powell vii. 89 As Eve was my grandam, so also was she your great-grandam.
4. A woman of an age befitting a grandmother; an old woman. Now archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > old person > old woman > [noun]
old wifeeOE
old womanOE
trota1375
carlinec1375
cronec1386
vecke1390
monea1393
hagc1400
ribibec1405
aunt?a1425
crate14..
witchc1475
mauda1500
mackabroine1546
grandam?1550
grannam1565
old lady1575
beldam1580
lucky1629
granny1634
patriarchess1639
runta1652
harridan1699
grimalkin1798
mama1810
tante1815
wifie1823
maw1826
old dear1836
tante1845
Mother Bunch1847
douairière1869
dowager1870
veteraness1880
old trout1897
tab1909
bag1924
crow1925
ma1932
Skinny Liz1940
old bag1947
old boot1958
tannie1958
LOL1960
?1550 J. Bale Apol. agaynste Papyst 54 Some superstycyouse grandame, or some olde dottynge Sir Dauy.
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 77 b This olde grandamme was devoutelye kneling upon her knees.
1641 J. Johnson Acad. Love 99 If it were not for some of the old out-of-date Grandames (who are set over the rest as their tutoresses) the young sparkish Girles would read in Shakespeere day and night.
1791 W. Gifford Baviad 312 And itching grandams spawl lascivious odes.
1837 N. Hawthorne Twice-told Tales (1851) I. xix. 285 The skinny ugliness of a shrivelled grandam.
1893 Trans. Asiatic Soc. Japan 21 128 A dear old grandam, bent by years to a question-mark, hobbled bravely across notwithstanding.
1993 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 21 Oct. 98 (advt.) MWM (58) seeks like-minded, unpretentious, still redolently nubile grandame..of natural beauty and uncommon wit.
5. figurative. Also used appositively, as grandam Earth, grandam Nature. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1571 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Breefe Summe Christian Faith f. 66 This monstrous doctrine of transubstantiation did come from Rome, the greate Grandame of all abhominable errours.
?1602 Narcissus (MS Bodl. Rawl. poet. 212) (1893) 734 And so I died and sunke into my grandam..earth.
1606 T. Dekker Seuen Deadly Sinnes London vii. sig. F3 This ancient and reuerend Grandam of Citties.
1627 J. Reading Dauids Soliloquie 304 Impatience is the Grand-dame of all sinne.
1630 J. Taylor Wks. i. 98 That Ale is Grandam Natures brewing.
a1649 W. Drummond Wks. (1711) 34/2 From out their Grand-Dame Earth they fain would fly.
a1745 J. Swift Answer Lindsay's Paulus in W. King Dreamer (1754) 83 By Phoebus (an incestuous birth) Begot upon his grandame Earth.
1810 W. Combe Schoolmaster's Tour in Poet. Mag. Nov. 4 In grandame Nature's vast collection.

Phrases

In proverbial phrases referring either to useless tasks or to offering advice to the more experienced (compare teach your grandmother to suck eggs at egg n. 4b).
ΚΠ
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Apprendre (An idle, vaine, or needlesse labour) we say, to teach his grandame to grope ducks.
1639 J. Taylor Divers Crabtree Lect. 78 Get you home, and teach your Grandam to sucke Egges.
1647 G. Wither Amygdala Britannica 2/1 The children frequently begin, To teach their grandams how to spin.
1659 J. Howell Prov. Eng. Toung 17/2 in Παροιμιογραϕια Go teach your Grandam to sard; a Nottingham Proverb.
1707 J. Stevens tr. F. de Quevedo Comical Wks. (1709) 348 You would have me teach my Grandame to suck Eggs.
1800 M. Geisweiler tr. A. von Kotzebue Johanna of Montfaucon iv. ii. 80 Old Jack Sprat would teach his grandam—thou art trying me.

Compounds

grandam gold n. Obsolete hoarded wealth.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > wealth > wealth or riches > [noun] > hoarded wealth
grandam gold1669
grannam-gold1696
1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant iv. i. 48 Frances has an 120 pieces of old Grandam and Aunt gold left her.
1700 J. Dryden Fables Pref. sig. *D They..hoord him up, as Misers do their Grandam Gold, only to look on it themselves.
grandam words n. Obsolete old or obsolete words.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [noun] > other specific types of word
hard word1533
household word1574
magic word1581
grandam words1598
signal word1645
book worda1670
wordie1718
my whole1777
foundling1827–38
keyword1827
Mesopotamia1827
thought-word1844
word-symbol1852
nursery word1853
pivot word1865
rattler1865
object word1876
pillow word1877
nonce-word1884
non-word1893
fossil1901
blessed word1910
bogy-word1919
catch-all1922
pseudo-word1929
false friend1931
plus word1939
descriptor1946
meta-word1952
discourse marker1967
shrub2008
1598 E. Guilpin Skialetheia vi. sig. E1 Some blame deep Spencer for his grandam words.

Derivatives

ˈgrandamship n. humorous Obsolete in her grandamship, used as a mock title.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous forms of address or title > [noun] > for woman > for old woman
grandamship1649
Aling1902
1649 W. Davenant Love & Honour ii. 8/1 Ile teach Her Grandameship to mump, and marry too.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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