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单词 gravy
释义

gravyn.

Brit. /ˈɡreɪvi/, U.S. /ˈɡreɪvi/
Forms: Middle English gravé, Middle English gravey, greve, grovy, (1600s gravet), greavie, greavy, 1700s graivie, 1600s–1700s gravie, Middle English– gravy.
Etymology: Of obscure origin.The receipts quoted under sense 1 below are substantially identical with receipts in Old French cookery books, in which the word is grané . For the Old French word the reading grané seems certain (though in printed texts gravé usually appears); it is probably cognate with Old French grain ‘anything used in cooking’ (Godefroy), and with grenade n.2, grenadine n.1; compare also faus grenon = ‘gravy bastard’. But in the English manuscripts the word has nearly always either a v or a letter which looks more like u than n (the only exception being in the ‘table’ to Liber Cocorum, which has thrice grane, while the text has graue). As the Middle English word was therefore identical in form with the modern word, it seems difficult, in spite of the difference in sense, to regard them as unconnected. In the present state of the evidence, the most probable conclusion is that the Old French grané was early misread as gravé, and in that form became current as a term of English cookery.
1. Some kind of dressing used for white meats, fish, and vegetables, which seems to have consisted of broth, milk of almonds, spices, and (usually) wine or ale. gravy bastard n. apparently an inferior imitation of this. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > sauce or dressing > [noun] > other sauces
galantine1304
civya1325
egerdouce1381
gravy?c1390
camelinea1425
chawdronc1440
saffron sauce?a1505
sibber-sauce1556
ferry?1570
oxoleum1574
slabber-sauce1574
saupiquet1656
slapsauce1708
brown sauce1723
bread sauce1727
custard1747
bechamel1789
caper-sauce1791
tomato sauce1804
custard cream1805
allemande1806
sambal1815
Reading sauce1816
Harvey's Sauce1818
velouté sauce1830
suprême sauce1833
parsley sauce1836
agrodolce1838
Worcestershire sauce1843
espagnole1845
pestoa1848
cheese sauce1854
nam prik1857
Worcester sauce1863
Béarnaise sauce1868
Béarnaise1877
Yorkshire Relish1877
sauce mousseline1892
velvet sauce1893
gribiche1897
mornay sauce1900
sugo1906
sofrito1913
chile con queso1916
foo yung1917
marinara1932
pistou1951
hoisin1957
salsa verde1957
pico de gallo1958
sriracha1959
carbonara1962
amatriciana1963
arrabbiata1963
ponzu1966
puttanesca1971
chermoula1974
tikka masala1975
mojo1983
queso1989
?c1390 Form of Cury (1780) 22 Connynges in Grauey. Take Connynges..and drawe hem with a gode broth with almandes blanched and brayed, do þerinne suger and powdor gynger.
?c1390 Form of Cury (1780) 59 Oysters in Gravey. Schyl Oysters and seeþ hem in wyne and in hare own broth, cole the broth thrugh a cloth, take almandes blaunched, grynde hem and drawe hem up with the self broth & alye it wiþ floer of Rys and do the oysters þerinne, cast in powder of gynger, suger, macys.
14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 586/4 Garus, greue. [Cf. 740/38 Hic garus, a fyscbrowe.]
14.. MS. Arundel in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 446 Eles in Grave. Take almondes and grinde hem [etc.].
c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 13 Oystres en grauey.
c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 13 Oystrys in grauy bastard…take þe water of þe Oystrys, & ale, an brede y-straynid..an put it on a potte, an Gyngre, Sugre, Saffron, powder pepir, and Salt.
c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 33 Whyte Pesyn in grauey.
c1450 Two Cookery-bks. 101 A litul gravey of þe pike.
a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 25 For tenchis in gravé. Sethe þy tenchis..Grynd peper and safron with ale..With tenchis brothe, þou temper hit.
?a1475 Noble Bk. Cookry (1882) 117 To mak tenche in grave, tak..your tenche and sethe hym and alay it with myed bred pepper and saffron and temper it with the tenches brothe, then lay the tenche in a platter and poure on the grave.
?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 789/35 Hec promulada [? = *promulsida, promulsis] grovy.1508–13 Bk. Keruynge (W. de W.) B 4 Sprottes is good in sewe..oystres in ceuy, oysters in grauy, menewes in porpas.
2.
a. The fat and juices which exude from flesh during and after the process of cooking; a dressing for meat or vegetables made from these with the addition of condiments.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > gravy > [noun]
gravy1591
jipper1886
1591 A. W. Bk. Cookrye (rev. ed.) 4 Boile it [a Swan] vntill it be somwhat thick, and put in two spoon full of the grauye of the Swan.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 i. ii. 163 Iust. There is not a white haire in your face, but should haue his effect of grauity. Falst. His effect of grauy, grauie, grauie. View more context for this quotation
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 312 The grauie or dripping..of the Hyænes liuer, newly taken out of the body.
?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) xviii. 62 There are now at fire Two brests of Goat: both which, let Law set downe Before the man..With all their fat and greauie.
1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 317 Gravies of Meat..Are good for old Persons.
1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. D7 The gravet of rosted meat.
1709 J. Addison Tatler No. 148. ⁋1 A whole roasted Ox, (which was certainly the best Way to preserve the Gravy).
1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper iii. 59 When you dish it [a tongue] up, pour a little Brown Gravy.
1846 C. G. F. Gore Sketches Eng. Char. I. 240 The pure and transparent gravies of France.
1868 M. Jewry Warne's Model Cookery 270 Serve it up hot with a rich gravy poured round it.
b. transferred. Also in goose without gravy (see goose n. 1d); to stew in one's own gravy, to be bathed in sweat.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > perspirations > [verb (intransitive)] > be covered or bathed in sweat
to stew in one's own gravy1699
1699 E. Ward London Spy I. ix. 14 He reliev'd us out of our Purgatory [sc. a bath], and carried us back into our Dressing Room, which gave us such Refreshment, after we had been thus long stewing in our own Gravy, that [etc.].
a1845 T. Hood Widow iii As if..to soothe his grave with sorrow's gravy [i.e. tears].
c. Theatrical slang. (See quot. 1952.)
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > a play > [noun] > words spoken by actors > types of
cue1553
anteloquy1623
aside1728
catchword1755
side soliloquy1842
gag1847
gravy1864
fluff1891
laugh line1913
rhubarb1919
curtain line1939
walla1949
1864 J. G. Bertram Glimpses Real Life x. 107 The farce..was gone through with equal rapidity—of course, all the ‘points’ were carefully given, ‘cartfuls of beefsteaks and bucketsful of gravy’ especially.
1952 W. Granville Dict. Theatr. Terms 92 Gravy, easy laughs from a friendly audience. (2) Good lines, or business, in a farce or comedy.
d. Money easily acquired; an unearned or unexpected bonus; a tip. Hence to ride (board) the gravy train (or boat), to obtain easy financial success. slang (originally U.S.).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > [noun] > tip
bountethc1440
gratitude1535
vail1605
gratulance1608
gratilitya1616
spill1675
baksheesh1686
simony1707
perquisite1721
tip1755
grace1769
buckshee1773
mancia1798
bonus1834
pouch1880
gravy1910
étrenne1928
sling1948
small1962
toke1971
society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > [phrase] > easily
to ride (board) the gravy train (or boat)1933
1910 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 30 July 13/1 Stick him for all you can. You're a hard worker, and you mustn't let some~body else git the gravy.
1927 Amer. Speech 2 276 Gravy train, sinecure.
1932 P. G. Wodehouse Hot Water i. 30 ‘Sixty thousand dollars' worth, at least.’ Mr. Slattery was impressed. Sixty grand, he agreed, was pretty good gravy.
1933 Amer. Speech Feb. 32/1 Ride a gravy train, to continue to receive more than one's deserts.
1934 J. O'Hara Appointment in Samarra (1935) 11 If you sell two Cadillacs a month, you make expenses, and anything over that is so much gravy.
1939 E. S. Gardner D.A. draws Circle (1940) xv. 269 We started riding the gravy train like I said.
1942 D. Powell Time to be Born (1943) viii. 180 An apartment which he was able to furnish almost completely with ‘gravy’—sofas, mattresses, gadgets pressed on him by earnest manufacturers in hopes of public mention of their products.
1948 A. Menjou & M. M. Musselman It took Nine Tailors 141 Once you get on the Hollywood gravy boat, it is no trick to make money; the trick is to keep it.
1952 M. McCarthy Groves of Academe (1953) x. 197 There was a moment in the spring when the whole Jocelyn sideshow seemed to be boarding the gravy train, on to fatter triumphs of platitude and mediocrity.
1960 Guardian 17 Oct. 16/3 In 1960, says the cool Bob Kennedy, if his brother gets 55 [electoral votes]..‘anything else will be gravy’.
1967 Sun 20 Apr. 5/8 The tip is called the gravy, and when there is a mix-up at the table and two diners leave separate tips, it becomes double gravy.
1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 8/1 In the past 10 years, the Manitoba Government has reaped about $8-million from the Downs (more than $1-million last year). This revenue is almost pure gravy.

Compounds

C1.
a. General attributive.
gravy-boat n.
ΚΠ
1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer Index Gravy Ladles and Boats.
1916 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 7 July 7/1 (advt.) Covered Gravy Boats with Plate.
1970 A. L. Simon & R. Howe Dict. Gastron. 206 Gravy boat, the name commonly given to a low, boatshaped container used to dispense gravies, sauces etc.
gravy-salt n.
ΚΠ
1907 Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 33/1 Gravy Salt..pkt., o/1.
1958 J. Cannan And be Villain iii. 68 I went down to the shop for your gravy salt.
gravy sauce n.
ΚΠ
1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper ii. 20 To make the Gravy Sauce, put a little brown Gravy into a Sauce Pan, with one Anchovy.
gravy soup n.
ΚΠ
1694 P. A. Motteux Wks. F. Rabelais (1737) v. xvii. 74 Gravy Soupe.
1765 O. Goldsmith Ess. xxv. 227 He drank gravy-soup when he could get it.
1813 Sporting Mag. 42 135 A basin of gravy-soup..was placed before him.
gravy spoon n.
ΚΠ
1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) i. 4 A gravy-spoon.
b. Instrumental.
gravy-dripping adj.
ΚΠ
1886 W. J. Tucker Life E. Europe 175 Digging his dirty, gravy-dripping knife into the salt-cellar.
C2.
gravy beef n. a part of the leg of beef which is cooked for the sake of its gravy.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > beef > [noun] > other cuts or parts
tild1342
ox foota1398
oxtaila1425
neat's foot?c1450
beef-flick1462
sticking piece1469
ox-tonguea1475
aitch-bone1486
fore-crop?1523
sirloin1525
mouse-piece1530
ox-cheek1592
neat's tongue1600
clod1601
sticking place1601
skink1631
neck beef1640
round1660
ox-heart1677
runner1688
sticking draught1688
brisket-beef1697
griskin1699
sey1719
chuck1723
shin1736
gravy beef1747
baron of beef1755
prime rib1759
rump and dozen1778
mouse buttock1818
slifta1825
nine holes1825
spauld-piece1828
trembling-piece1833
shoulder-lyar1844
butt1845
plate1854
plate-rand1854
undercut1859
silver-side1861
bed1864
wing rib1883
roll1884
strip-loin1884
hind1892
topside1896
rib-eye1926
buttock meat1966
onglet1982
1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ii. 39 Lay a Pound of Gravy Beef..over your Chickens.
gravy-eyed adj. (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > [adjective] > watery or gummy
waterya1398
watering1447
watered?c1450
vapoureda1542
waterish1561
weeping1566
gummy1580
liquid1598
swimming1703
gravy-eyed1785
1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue Gravey eyed, blear eyed, one whose eyes have a running humour.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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