graylingn.

Brit.

/ˈɡreɪlɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈɡreɪlɪŋ/

Forms: Middle English gralyng, Middle English grayllynge, Middle English grayllynghe, Middle English graylyng, Middle English grelyng, 1500s– grayling, 1600s–1800s grailing, 1600s– greyling, 1700s gragling, 1700s grayline (in sense 2, perhaps transmission error), 1800s greeleen (Irish English (Wexford)).

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: grey adj., -ling suffix¹.

Etymology: < grey adj. + -ling suffix¹. Compare greenling n.The following apparent earlier instances perhaps refer to a different species of (apparently saltwater) fish, and may show a different word (perhaps < grey adj. + ling n.¹: compare especially the form in quot. 1326):1326 Accts. Exchequer King's Remembrancer Bundle 17 No. 13 Idem respondet de..xxviij piscibus vocatis Lenge et greylenge venditis.1350–3 in F. R. Chapman Sacrist Rolls Ely (1907) II. 140 In xv greiling empt...in iij c. dimid. dur. lynge empt...In iij barellis de alb. allec. empt...pro ij mill. rub. allec. empt.1393 in M. T. Löfvenberg Contrib. Middle Eng. Lexicogr. & Etymol. (1946) 9 [Fifty] greylynges.

a. A freshwater salmonid fish of northern Europe, Thymallus thymallus, which has a silvery-grey body with a distinctive long and high dorsal fin. In later use also (frequently with distinguishing word): any of various other fishes of the genus Thymallus, found widely in the northern Holarctic.Arctic, Michigan grayling: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Thymallus > member of (grayling)

graylingc1450

umber1496

umbra1610

esch1659

thyme fish1756

bluefish1807

blanket fish1870

Michigan grayling1879

pink1901

shutt1939

c1450 Treat. Fishing in J. McDonald et al. Origins of Angling (1963) 159 A dubbed hooke for the..troute & gralyng.

1478 W. Worcester Itineraries 68 Yn Wye water sunt pisces trouthes cullys loches anguille, grayllynghes.

1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. i. x. f. 26/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I In this ryuer [sc. Wie] be Vmbers, otherwyse called graylinges.

1614 G. Markham Pleasures of Princes i. in 2nd Bk. Eng. Husbandman ii. vi. 31 The Barbell or Grayling, which some call the Vmber, are very subtill and craftie fishes.

1787 T. Best Conc. Treat. Angling i. v. 29 The Gragling, Grayling or Umber. This fish has three different names given it, according to the different parts of England where it is found.

1826 Bowlker's Art of Angling (new ed.) 31 The chief haunts of the smaller Greyling are in glides.

1855 Ld. Tennyson Brook in Maud & Other Poems 104 And here and there a lusty trout, And here and there a grayling.

1881 F. Morley Michigan & its Resources 29 Brook trout and grayling are plenty in some of the small rivers of the northern counties.

1931 E. G. Boulenger Fishes vii. 77 The Grayling (Thymallus thymallus) is a beautiful Trout-like fish that is at once recognised by its very large dorsal fin, gaily banded with green and purple.

1966 N. A. Chance Eskimo N. Alaska i. 9 Such fish as the whitefish, tomcod, salmon trout, and grayling also frequent these waters.

2010 Field Feb. 14/2 Some of your readers may have missed the Environment Agency's plans to ban the taking and killing of all coarse fish with the exception of..a couple of grayling or a small pike for tea.

b. Either of two fishes of the Australasian genus Prototroctes (family Retropinnidae), somewhat resembling Thymallus: P. maraena, of southern Australia (more fully Australian grayling; also called cucumber mullet, native herring), and P. oxyrhynchus (more fully New Zealand grayling), now extinct.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > prototroctes maraena

grayling1857

cucumber mullet1880

1857 C. F. Hursthouse New Zealand I. 122 A sort of grayling is taken in a few of the clearest rivers.

1859 Empire (Sydney) 4 Aug. 6/4 ‘Any trout here?’ ‘I only know one species of salmon, and that is the Yarra grayling, commonly called herring, which take a fly, I believe.’

1880 W. Senior Trav. & Trout in Antipodes 94 The cucumber mullet..I have long expected to be a grayling.

1924 Otago Witness (Dunedin, N.Z.) 8 July 9 The Upokororo [stream]..was undoubtedly named after that beautiful, but now almost extinct fish, the New Zealand grayling.

1986 Canberra Times 25 May 5/7 Fisheries inspectors at Eden have identified several small fish..as Australian Grayling or Cucumber herring.

2006 F. Prokop Austral. Fish Guide (ed. 3) i. 14 The grayling is a relatively small species which has been greatly affected by the damming of coastal rivers.

c. The pollan, Coregonus pollan (more fully Irish grayling). Also: (Irish English) a grilse or young salmon. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Coregonus (whitefish) > member of

whiting1587

gwyniad1612

powan1633

whitefish1698

tittimeg1705

omul1706

pollack1707

pollan1714

skelly1740

vendace1769

tullibee1789

ferra1807

roundfish1821

herring-salmon1836

shad-salmon1842

mountain herring1877

bluefin1878

grayling1879

shad-waiter1879

houting1880

kilch1881

Menominee1882

gizzard-fish1883

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Salmo > salmo salar (salmon) > on return from sea or in first year

grilse1417

peal1533

botchera1609

blue cap1677

grey1677

pug peal1861

grayling1879

1879 in F. T. Buckland Nat. Hist. Brit. Fishes (1880) 326 There are usually in the market a large number of bright silvery fish which the fishmongers call grayling, or freshwater herrings. These are principally taken from Lough Neagh, in Ireland, and known there as pollan.

1889 ‘J. Bickerdyke’ Bk. All-round Angler (new ed.) iii. 95 (note) In parts of Ireland grilse are termed grayling, and in the markets of the Midlands pollan..is sold as Irish grayling.

1901 Lady E. Wardle 366 Easy & Inexpensive Dinners 48 Trout (or if not able to get, say Irish Grayling).

2. A common European satyrid butterfly, Hipparchia semele, with brown forewings with prominent dark eyespots and grey undersides to the hindwings; also grayling butterfly. Also (usually with distinguishing word): any of numerous similar butterflies of the genera Hipparchia and Oeneis, found mainly in mountainous areas of Europe and North Africa.The butterfly referred to in quot. 1702 is not identified.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Rhopalocera (butterflies) > [noun] > family Satyridae > genus Hipparchia > hipparchia semele (grayling)

grayling1702

1702 J. Petiver Gazophylacii I. 12 Papilio Lusitanicus oculatus & marmoreatus. The Portugal Grayling. Caught about Lisbon by Mr. Jezreel Jones.

1803 A. H. Haworth Lepidoptera Britannica i. 21 P[apilio] N[ymphales] G[emmati]. (The Grayling)... Semele.

1831 W. Howitt Bk. Seasons 265 Hipparchia Semele, Grayling Butterfly. Heaths, etc.

1893 Daily News 1 Feb. 8/2 The grayling. This quiet coloured butterfly is a native of stony hill sides.

1965 J. D. Carthy Behaviour of Arthropods v. 56 Visual releasers are important in courtship. This is well borne out in the courtship of the grayling, Satyrus semele.

1999 Daily Tel. 9 Dec. 9/2 Among other threatened species are rare endemic varieties associated with small islands, such as the Madeiran Grayling.

2011 National Trust Mag. Summer 51/1 Murlough National Nature Reserve..is awash with butterflies in the summer, including dark green fritillaries, common blues, graylings and small coppers.

Compounds

C1. General attributive (in sense 1).

grayling angler n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fisher > [noun] > for others

shadder1630

smelter1845

grayling angler1847

haker1856

sharker1885

snoeker1959

1847 Bell's Life in London 21 Feb. 6/2 You may come in contact with..a grayling angler from the Teme, Lugg, Dove, or Wye.

1898 Speaker 29 Oct. 515/2 Your grayling angler casts it [sc. his fly] in very different fashion.

2012 Western Mail (Nexis) 5 June (Features section) 8 At the time I was a very novice grayling angler.

grayling fishing n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing for type of fish > [noun] > for other fish

grayling fishing1704

sun fishery1782

drum fishing1818

jack fishing1820

bluefishing1838

drumming1849

snappering1870

stingareeing1871

barbelling1876

swordfishing1879

pollacking1886

weakfishing1888

snoeking1937

1704 Dict. Rusticum Grailing-fishing, in Angling for this Fish, you are to lead your Hook upon the shank with a very slender narrow plate of Lead.

1828 H. Davy Salmonia vii. 172 Very slender transparent gut of the colour of the water is one of the most important causes of success in grayling fishing.

1997 J. Wilson Coarse Fishing Method Man. (1998) 58/1 A point worth remembering..when grayling fishing..is to be aware that hooks easily blunt.

C2.

grayling fly n. Angling an artificial fly used in grayling fishing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > artificial fly > types of

moor flylOE

drake-flya1450

dub-flya1450

dun cut1496

dun fly1496

louper1496

red fly1616

moorish fly1635

palmer1653

palmer fly1653

red hackle1653

red palmer1653

shell-fly1653

orange fly1662

blackfly1669

dun1676

dun hackle1676

hackle1676

mayfly1676

peacock fly1676

thorn-tree fly1676

turkey-fly1676

violet-fly1676

whirling dun1676

badger fly1681

greenfly1686

moorish brown1689

prime dun1696

sandfly1700

grey midge1724

whirling blue1747

dun drake?1758

death drake1766

hackle fly1786

badger1787

blue1787

brown-fly1787

camel-brown1787

spinner1787

midge1799

night-fly1799

thorn-fly1799

turkey1799

withy-fly1799

grayling fly1811

sun fly1820

cock-a-bondy1835

brown moth1837

bunting-lark fly1837

governor1837

water-hen hackle1837

Waterloo fly1837

coachman1839

soldier palmer1839

blue jay1843

red tag1850

canary1855

white-tip1856

spider1857

bumble1859

doctor1860

ibis1863

Jock Scott1866

eagle1867

highlander1867

jay1867

John Scott1867

judge1867

parson1867

priest1867

snow-fly1867

Jack Scott1874

Alexandra1875

silver doctor1875

Alexandra fly1882

grackle1894

grizzly queen1894

heckle-fly1897

Zulu1898

thunder and lightning1910

streamer1919

Devon1924

peacock1950

1811 R. Salter Mod. Angler (ed. 2) iv. 43 I shall first describe those trout and grayling flies, that are the most regular in their succession.

1873 H. St. J. Dick Flies & Fly Fishing ix. 138 The Bumble. This is a Derbyshire grayling fly used in that part of the country nearly all the season.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 449/1 Two of the best grayling flies are a very small apple-green dun and the red tag.

2010 D. Cameron Wolverine 46 Grayling flies are small and cost a lot.

† grayling sky n. Obsolete rare a sky of a silvery-grey colour.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > cloudiness > grey sky

grayling sky1894

1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Romance 6 The motionless figure as it lies under that grayling sky.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	grayling
释义	graylingn. Brit. /ˈɡreɪlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈɡreɪlɪŋ/ Forms: Middle English gralyng, Middle English grayllynge, Middle English grayllynghe, Middle English graylyng, Middle English grelyng, 1500s– grayling, 1600s–1800s grailing, 1600s– greyling, 1700s gragling, 1700s grayline (in sense 2, perhaps transmission error), 1800s greeleen (Irish English (Wexford)). Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: grey adj., -ling suffix¹. Etymology: < grey adj. + -ling suffix¹. Compare greenling n.The following apparent earlier instances perhaps refer to a different species of (apparently saltwater) fish, and may show a different word (perhaps < grey adj. + ling n.¹: compare especially the form in quot. 1326):1326 Accts. Exchequer King's Remembrancer Bundle 17 No. 13 Idem respondet de..xxviij piscibus vocatis Lenge et greylenge venditis.1350–3 in F. R. Chapman Sacrist Rolls Ely (1907) II. 140 In xv greiling empt...in iij c. dimid. dur. lynge empt...In iij barellis de alb. allec. empt...pro ij mill. rub. allec. empt.1393 in M. T. Löfvenberg Contrib. Middle Eng. Lexicogr. & Etymol. (1946) 9 [Fifty] greylynges. 1. a. A freshwater salmonid fish of northern Europe, Thymallus thymallus, which has a silvery-grey body with a distinctive long and high dorsal fin. In later use also (frequently with distinguishing word): any of various other fishes of the genus Thymallus, found widely in the northern Holarctic.Arctic, Michigan grayling: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Thymallus > member of (grayling) graylingc1450 umber1496 umbra1610 esch1659 thyme fish1756 bluefish1807 blanket fish1870 Michigan grayling1879 pink1901 shutt1939 c1450 Treat. Fishing in J. McDonald et al. Origins of Angling (1963) 159 A dubbed hooke for the..troute & gralyng. 1478 W. Worcester Itineraries 68 Yn Wye water sunt pisces trouthes cullys loches anguille, grayllynghes. 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. i. x. f. 26/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I In this ryuer [sc. Wie] be Vmbers, otherwyse called graylinges. 1614 G. Markham Pleasures of Princes i. in 2nd Bk. Eng. Husbandman ii. vi. 31 The Barbell or Grayling, which some call the Vmber, are very subtill and craftie fishes. 1787 T. Best Conc. Treat. Angling i. v. 29 The Gragling, Grayling or Umber. This fish has three different names given it, according to the different parts of England where it is found. 1826 Bowlker's Art of Angling (new ed.) 31 The chief haunts of the smaller Greyling are in glides. 1855 Ld. Tennyson Brook in Maud & Other Poems 104 And here and there a lusty trout, And here and there a grayling. 1881 F. Morley Michigan & its Resources 29 Brook trout and grayling are plenty in some of the small rivers of the northern counties. 1931 E. G. Boulenger Fishes vii. 77 The Grayling (Thymallus thymallus) is a beautiful Trout-like fish that is at once recognised by its very large dorsal fin, gaily banded with green and purple. 1966 N. A. Chance Eskimo N. Alaska i. 9 Such fish as the whitefish, tomcod, salmon trout, and grayling also frequent these waters. 2010 Field Feb. 14/2 Some of your readers may have missed the Environment Agency's plans to ban the taking and killing of all coarse fish with the exception of..a couple of grayling or a small pike for tea. b. Either of two fishes of the Australasian genus Prototroctes (family Retropinnidae), somewhat resembling Thymallus: P. maraena, of southern Australia (more fully Australian grayling; also called cucumber mullet, native herring), and P. oxyrhynchus (more fully New Zealand grayling), now extinct. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > prototroctes maraena grayling1857 cucumber mullet1880 1857 C. F. Hursthouse New Zealand I. 122 A sort of grayling is taken in a few of the clearest rivers. 1859 Empire (Sydney) 4 Aug. 6/4 ‘Any trout here?’ ‘I only know one species of salmon, and that is the Yarra grayling, commonly called herring, which take a fly, I believe.’ 1880 W. Senior Trav. & Trout in Antipodes 94 The cucumber mullet..I have long expected to be a grayling. 1924 Otago Witness (Dunedin, N.Z.) 8 July 9 The Upokororo [stream]..was undoubtedly named after that beautiful, but now almost extinct fish, the New Zealand grayling. 1986 Canberra Times 25 May 5/7 Fisheries inspectors at Eden have identified several small fish..as Australian Grayling or Cucumber herring. 2006 F. Prokop Austral. Fish Guide (ed. 3) i. 14 The grayling is a relatively small species which has been greatly affected by the damming of coastal rivers. c. The pollan, Coregonus pollan (more fully Irish grayling). Also: (Irish English) a grilse or young salmon. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Coregonus (whitefish) > member of whiting1587 gwyniad1612 powan1633 whitefish1698 tittimeg1705 omul1706 pollack1707 pollan1714 skelly1740 vendace1769 tullibee1789 ferra1807 roundfish1821 herring-salmon1836 shad-salmon1842 mountain herring1877 bluefin1878 grayling1879 shad-waiter1879 houting1880 kilch1881 Menominee1882 gizzard-fish1883 the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Salmo > salmo salar (salmon) > on return from sea or in first year grilse1417 peal1533 botchera1609 blue cap1677 grey1677 pug peal1861 grayling1879 1879 in F. T. Buckland Nat. Hist. Brit. Fishes (1880) 326 There are usually in the market a large number of bright silvery fish which the fishmongers call grayling, or freshwater herrings. These are principally taken from Lough Neagh, in Ireland, and known there as pollan. 1889 ‘J. Bickerdyke’ Bk. All-round Angler (new ed.) iii. 95 (note) In parts of Ireland grilse are termed grayling, and in the markets of the Midlands pollan..is sold as Irish grayling. 1901 Lady E. Wardle 366 Easy & Inexpensive Dinners 48 Trout (or if not able to get, say Irish Grayling). 2. A common European satyrid butterfly, Hipparchia semele, with brown forewings with prominent dark eyespots and grey undersides to the hindwings; also grayling butterfly. Also (usually with distinguishing word): any of numerous similar butterflies of the genera Hipparchia and Oeneis, found mainly in mountainous areas of Europe and North Africa.The butterfly referred to in quot. 1702 is not identified. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Rhopalocera (butterflies) > [noun] > family Satyridae > genus Hipparchia > hipparchia semele (grayling) grayling1702 1702 J. Petiver Gazophylacii I. 12 Papilio Lusitanicus oculatus & marmoreatus. The Portugal Grayling. Caught about Lisbon by Mr. Jezreel Jones. 1803 A. H. Haworth Lepidoptera Britannica i. 21 P[apilio] N[ymphales] G[emmati]. (The Grayling)... Semele. 1831 W. Howitt Bk. Seasons 265 Hipparchia Semele, Grayling Butterfly. Heaths, etc. 1893 Daily News 1 Feb. 8/2 The grayling. This quiet coloured butterfly is a native of stony hill sides. 1965 J. D. Carthy Behaviour of Arthropods v. 56 Visual releasers are important in courtship. This is well borne out in the courtship of the grayling, Satyrus semele. 1999 Daily Tel. 9 Dec. 9/2 Among other threatened species are rare endemic varieties associated with small islands, such as the Madeiran Grayling. 2011 National Trust Mag. Summer 51/1 Murlough National Nature Reserve..is awash with butterflies in the summer, including dark green fritillaries, common blues, graylings and small coppers. Compounds C1. General attributive (in sense 1). grayling angler n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fisher > [noun] > for others shadder1630 smelter1845 grayling angler1847 haker1856 sharker1885 snoeker1959 1847 Bell's Life in London 21 Feb. 6/2 You may come in contact with..a grayling angler from the Teme, Lugg, Dove, or Wye. 1898 Speaker 29 Oct. 515/2 Your grayling angler casts it [sc. his fly] in very different fashion. 2012 Western Mail (Nexis) 5 June (Features section) 8 At the time I was a very novice grayling angler. grayling fishing n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing for type of fish > [noun] > for other fish grayling fishing1704 sun fishery1782 drum fishing1818 jack fishing1820 bluefishing1838 drumming1849 snappering1870 stingareeing1871 barbelling1876 swordfishing1879 pollacking1886 weakfishing1888 snoeking1937 1704 Dict. Rusticum Grailing-fishing, in Angling for this Fish, you are to lead your Hook upon the shank with a very slender narrow plate of Lead. 1828 H. Davy Salmonia vii. 172 Very slender transparent gut of the colour of the water is one of the most important causes of success in grayling fishing. 1997 J. Wilson Coarse Fishing Method Man. (1998) 58/1 A point worth remembering..when grayling fishing..is to be aware that hooks easily blunt. C2. grayling fly n. Angling an artificial fly used in grayling fishing. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > artificial fly > types of moor flylOE drake-flya1450 dub-flya1450 dun cut1496 dun fly1496 louper1496 red fly1616 moorish fly1635 palmer1653 palmer fly1653 red hackle1653 red palmer1653 shell-fly1653 orange fly1662 blackfly1669 dun1676 dun hackle1676 hackle1676 mayfly1676 peacock fly1676 thorn-tree fly1676 turkey-fly1676 violet-fly1676 whirling dun1676 badger fly1681 greenfly1686 moorish brown1689 prime dun1696 sandfly1700 grey midge1724 whirling blue1747 dun drake?1758 death drake1766 hackle fly1786 badger1787 blue1787 brown-fly1787 camel-brown1787 spinner1787 midge1799 night-fly1799 thorn-fly1799 turkey1799 withy-fly1799 grayling fly1811 sun fly1820 cock-a-bondy1835 brown moth1837 bunting-lark fly1837 governor1837 water-hen hackle1837 Waterloo fly1837 coachman1839 soldier palmer1839 blue jay1843 red tag1850 canary1855 white-tip1856 spider1857 bumble1859 doctor1860 ibis1863 Jock Scott1866 eagle1867 highlander1867 jay1867 John Scott1867 judge1867 parson1867 priest1867 snow-fly1867 Jack Scott1874 Alexandra1875 silver doctor1875 Alexandra fly1882 grackle1894 grizzly queen1894 heckle-fly1897 Zulu1898 thunder and lightning1910 streamer1919 Devon1924 peacock1950 1811 R. Salter Mod. Angler (ed. 2) iv. 43 I shall first describe those trout and grayling flies, that are the most regular in their succession. 1873 H. St. J. Dick Flies & Fly Fishing ix. 138 The Bumble. This is a Derbyshire grayling fly used in that part of the country nearly all the season. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 449/1 Two of the best grayling flies are a very small apple-green dun and the red tag. 2010 D. Cameron Wolverine 46 Grayling flies are small and cost a lot. † grayling sky n. Obsolete rare a sky of a silvery-grey colour. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > cloudiness > grey sky grayling sky1894 1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Romance 6 The motionless figure as it lies under that grayling sky. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1450
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