gridlockn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈɡrɪdlɒk/, U.S.

/ˈɡrɪdˌlɑk/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: grid n., lock n.²

Etymology: < grid n. + lock n.²Apparently coined by two U.S. transport engineers, Roy Cottam and Sam Schwartz (‘Gridlock Sam’), working for the New York Traffic Department. The term was popularized during a strike by city transit workers in early 1980: ‘One day, Roy spoke of his fears if we closed the streets in the Theater District, the grid system would “lock-up” and all traffic would grind to a halt. Soon we simply juxtaposed the word, and the term gridlock was born.’ (Sam Schwartz, 2001).

Originally U.S.

A. n.

a. A state of severe road congestion arising when continuous queues of vehicles block an entire network of intersecting streets, bringing traffic in all directions to a complete standstill; a traffic jam of this kind.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > vehicular traffic > [noun] > traffic jam

stop1625

stoppage1727

lock1834

block1861

pinch point1868

tie-up1889

traffic jam1891

traffic snarl1899

traffic snarl1933

traffic snarl-up1947

thrombosis1959

snarl-up1960

back-up1962

tailback1975

gridlock1980

1980 Transit Strike Contingency Plan (Internal document, N.Y. City Traffic Dept.) 14 Traffic Enforcement Agents and Police Officers will participate in a grid lock prevention program. Grid lock can occur when the volume of vehicles entering a sector exceeds the available capacity.

1983 Financial Times (Nexis) 17 Aug. 3 An inspired piece of freelance navigation round the back streets of Odawara saved at least another 90 minutes of gridlock.

1987 J. Wilcox Miss Undine's Living Room ix. 126 A gridlock on the corner of North Gladiola held her up.

1995 Guardian 28 Jan. 9/2 His caution was not mirrored by the thousands of drivers in West Yorkshire who failed to heed traffic police pleas to stagger journey times home. The defiance caused a repeat of Wednesday night's gridlock.

b. In extended use: the breakdown, stoppage, or seizure of a process, system, etc., esp. as a result of overloading or overwork. Also: an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1983 N.Y. Times 13 Nov. 40 Her stammer has turned into vocal gridlock because she is frightened.

1988 Times 15 Nov. 33/2 A Cornell University graduate student..in the US two weeks ago caused the biggest computer gridlock on record.

1994 N.Y. Mag. 22 Aug. 16/1 A Manhattan cop spends an average of fifteen hours writing up each arrest—keeping the officer off the street (and, often, earning time and a half) in a bureaucratic netherworld of duplicative paperwork and perp-processing gridlock.

2000 What Mountain Bike Winter 37/1 Mountain biking is a killer for causing muscle and ligament gridlock because you rattle around with most of your body fairly static and often tensed to stabilize the bike.

2. figurative. A situation (frequently a political one) in which it is impossible to make any progress; an impasse, stalemate, or deadlock.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > [noun] > a check or rebuff > complete check or impasse

checkmatec1440

blank1542

nonplus1582

noncome1600

choke1674

dead lock1781

impasse1851

no go1870

standoff1876

gridlock1981

1981 P. Theroux Mosquito Coast i. i. 9 I tell you, Charlie, it's an imperfect world. America's in gridlock.

1983 Financial Times (Nexis) 16 May 2 The political ‘gridlock’ in Congress might mean that no budget resolution could be passed for fiscal year of 1984.

1992 Village Voice (N.Y.) 7 Apr. 23/1 The stranglehold of plutocrats, pundits, pollsters, and power brokers also effectively chokes every vital issue before the American public... This gridlock has nothing to do with democracy.

1998 Town & Country Planning Jan.–Feb. 2/4 The TCPA argued that the Assembly should not..become embroiled in conflictual gridlock with the Mayor.

B. adj. (attributive).

= gridlocked adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > [adjective] > prevented or checked > completely stuck or at an impasse

stalec1470

blank1542

enterprised1560

nonplus1589

bogged1605

nonplussed1606

blanked1611

stymied1862

deadlocked1880

stalemated1903

banjaxed1939

snookered1961

gridlock1983

1983 Financial Times (Nexis) 16 May 2 Mr Stockman talked of ‘gridlock politics’, Mr Feldstein of ‘not trivial risks’, and Mr Regan of the possibility of ‘very strict monetary policy’.

1991 Christian Sci. Monitor 23 Oct. 3/3 Even cities in industrialized nations wrestle with myriad problems that threaten to dehumanize urban living such as homelessness, drugs, crime, high unemployment, gridlock traffic, and crumbling infrastructure.

1995 Nation 23 Jan. 86/1 We need to take back the democratic space from which American citizens have been driven by..negative political ads, winner-take-all electoral politics and gridlock governance.

2000 Indianapolis Star (Nexis) 1 Sept. a23 We are a culture of gridlock mentality when what we really need is a bond of civility and common sense that calls us all to work together.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

gridlockv.

Brit.

/ˈɡrɪdlɒk/, U.S.

/ˈɡrɪdˌlɑk/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: gridlock n.

Etymology: < gridlock n. Compare gridlocked adj.

transitive (literal and figurative). To make a gridlock of or cause a gridlock in; to block the progress of (a person or thing), to bring to a standstill. Usually in passive. Also intransitive: to be involved in a gridlock in or with.

ΚΠ

1982 Jrnl. Econ. Hist. 42 20 Big U.S. industries..have become uncompetitive in the markets and are gridlocked in their labor arrangements.

1985 Christian Sci. Monitor 22 Apr. 18 In the West, the contradictory role of the US dollar as a source of stability and expansion had gridlocked the international monetary system.

1987 New Left Rev. July 68 Commercial life in the centre began to wither as precocious automobilization..gridlocked the Downtown traffic flow.

1990 Observer 30 Dec. 40/2 Los Angeles—with its totalitarian skyline and gas-guzzling ethics—is everywhere, gridlocking our expectations and commodifying our dreams.

1994 Voice 18 Oct. 6/1 What happens is that people who are left with the responsibility of children are gridlocked into the benefits system and generational poverty.

2000 GQ Nov. 296/2 Our moped gridlocks with cross-currents of sinewy cyclo drivers and pert schoolgirls on Golden Peacock bicycles.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	gridlock
释义	gridlockn.adj. Brit. /ˈɡrɪdlɒk/, U.S. /ˈɡrɪdˌlɑk/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: grid n., lock n.² Etymology: < grid n. + lock n.²Apparently coined by two U.S. transport engineers, Roy Cottam and Sam Schwartz (‘Gridlock Sam’), working for the New York Traffic Department. The term was popularized during a strike by city transit workers in early 1980: ‘One day, Roy spoke of his fears if we closed the streets in the Theater District, the grid system would “lock-up” and all traffic would grind to a halt. Soon we simply juxtaposed the word, and the term gridlock was born.’ (Sam Schwartz, 2001). Originally U.S. A. n. 1. a. A state of severe road congestion arising when continuous queues of vehicles block an entire network of intersecting streets, bringing traffic in all directions to a complete standstill; a traffic jam of this kind. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > vehicular traffic > [noun] > traffic jam stop1625 stoppage1727 lock1834 block1861 pinch point1868 tie-up1889 traffic jam1891 traffic snarl1899 traffic snarl1933 traffic snarl-up1947 thrombosis1959 snarl-up1960 back-up1962 tailback1975 gridlock1980 1980 Transit Strike Contingency Plan (Internal document, N.Y. City Traffic Dept.) 14 Traffic Enforcement Agents and Police Officers will participate in a grid lock prevention program. Grid lock can occur when the volume of vehicles entering a sector exceeds the available capacity. 1983 Financial Times (Nexis) 17 Aug. 3 An inspired piece of freelance navigation round the back streets of Odawara saved at least another 90 minutes of gridlock. 1987 J. Wilcox Miss Undine's Living Room ix. 126 A gridlock on the corner of North Gladiola held her up. 1995 Guardian 28 Jan. 9/2 His caution was not mirrored by the thousands of drivers in West Yorkshire who failed to heed traffic police pleas to stagger journey times home. The defiance caused a repeat of Wednesday night's gridlock. b. In extended use: the breakdown, stoppage, or seizure of a process, system, etc., esp. as a result of overloading or overwork. Also: an instance of this. ΚΠ 1983 N.Y. Times 13 Nov. 40 Her stammer has turned into vocal gridlock because she is frightened. 1988 Times 15 Nov. 33/2 A Cornell University graduate student..in the US two weeks ago caused the biggest computer gridlock on record. 1994 N.Y. Mag. 22 Aug. 16/1 A Manhattan cop spends an average of fifteen hours writing up each arrest—keeping the officer off the street (and, often, earning time and a half) in a bureaucratic netherworld of duplicative paperwork and perp-processing gridlock. 2000 What Mountain Bike Winter 37/1 Mountain biking is a killer for causing muscle and ligament gridlock because you rattle around with most of your body fairly static and often tensed to stabilize the bike. 2. figurative. A situation (frequently a political one) in which it is impossible to make any progress; an impasse, stalemate, or deadlock. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > [noun] > a check or rebuff > complete check or impasse checkmatec1440 blank1542 nonplus1582 noncome1600 choke1674 dead lock1781 impasse1851 no go1870 standoff1876 gridlock1981 1981 P. Theroux Mosquito Coast i. i. 9 I tell you, Charlie, it's an imperfect world. America's in gridlock. 1983 Financial Times (Nexis) 16 May 2 The political ‘gridlock’ in Congress might mean that no budget resolution could be passed for fiscal year of 1984. 1992 Village Voice (N.Y.) 7 Apr. 23/1 The stranglehold of plutocrats, pundits, pollsters, and power brokers also effectively chokes every vital issue before the American public... This gridlock has nothing to do with democracy. 1998 Town & Country Planning Jan.–Feb. 2/4 The TCPA argued that the Assembly should not..become embroiled in conflictual gridlock with the Mayor. B. adj. (attributive). = gridlocked adj. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > [adjective] > prevented or checked > completely stuck or at an impasse stalec1470 blank1542 enterprised1560 nonplus1589 bogged1605 nonplussed1606 blanked1611 stymied1862 deadlocked1880 stalemated1903 banjaxed1939 snookered1961 gridlock1983 1983 Financial Times (Nexis) 16 May 2 Mr Stockman talked of ‘gridlock politics’, Mr Feldstein of ‘not trivial risks’, and Mr Regan of the possibility of ‘very strict monetary policy’. 1991 Christian Sci. Monitor 23 Oct. 3/3 Even cities in industrialized nations wrestle with myriad problems that threaten to dehumanize urban living such as homelessness, drugs, crime, high unemployment, gridlock traffic, and crumbling infrastructure. 1995 Nation 23 Jan. 86/1 We need to take back the democratic space from which American citizens have been driven by..negative political ads, winner-take-all electoral politics and gridlock governance. 2000 Indianapolis Star (Nexis) 1 Sept. a23 We are a culture of gridlock mentality when what we really need is a bond of civility and common sense that calls us all to work together. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). gridlockv. Brit. /ˈɡrɪdlɒk/, U.S. /ˈɡrɪdˌlɑk/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: gridlock n. Etymology: < gridlock n. Compare gridlocked adj. transitive (literal and figurative). To make a gridlock of or cause a gridlock in; to block the progress of (a person or thing), to bring to a standstill. Usually in passive. Also intransitive: to be involved in a gridlock in or with. ΚΠ 1982 Jrnl. Econ. Hist. 42 20 Big U.S. industries..have become uncompetitive in the markets and are gridlocked in their labor arrangements. 1985 Christian Sci. Monitor 22 Apr. 18 In the West, the contradictory role of the US dollar as a source of stability and expansion had gridlocked the international monetary system. 1987 New Left Rev. July 68 Commercial life in the centre began to wither as precocious automobilization..gridlocked the Downtown traffic flow. 1990 Observer 30 Dec. 40/2 Los Angeles—with its totalitarian skyline and gas-guzzling ethics—is everywhere, gridlocking our expectations and commodifying our dreams. 1994 Voice 18 Oct. 6/1 What happens is that people who are left with the responsibility of children are gridlocked into the benefits system and generational poverty. 2000 GQ Nov. 296/2 Our moped gridlocks with cross-currents of sinewy cyclo drivers and pert schoolgirls on Golden Peacock bicycles. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1980v.1982
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