grievancen.

/ˈɡriːvəns/

Forms: Middle English–1500s grevaunce, (Middle English grevawnce, grevons), Middle English–1600s grevance, (Middle English grevans(e, 1600s greevance), 1500s– grievance.

Etymology: < Old French grevance, grievance, < grever to harm, grieve n.: see -ance suffix.

†1. The infliction of wrong or hardship on a person; injury, oppression; a cause or source of injury. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > harm, injury, or wrong > [noun] > as inflicted

wrongc1275

derea1325

grievancec1386

resentment1683

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harm or injury > [noun] > cause of

foea1200

wothea1300

grievancec1386

resentment1683

wound1715

c1386 G. Chaucer Melibeus ⁋520 If..a man of gretter myght and strengthe than thou art do thee grevaunce, studie and bisye thee rather to stille the same grevaunce, than for to venge thee.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 34 The bodely delices alle..Unto the soule done grevaunce.

a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) l. 27823 Couatyse es ane euil syn þat mikel greuance gers bygin.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 211/1 Grevawn [c] e, or offence, or trespace, offensa, aggra[va]men.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cclxxxvi. 427 The frenchmen kepte good company with their prisoners, and raunsomed them courtesly, without any greuaunce to them.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 5034 And all giltes [ben] for-gyffen & greuans of old.

1609 Bible (Douay) I. Song Three Children 27 The fire touched them not at al, nor payned them, nor did them anie grevance.

1641 Protests Lords I. 4 To the great and universal grievance of your people.

1684 S. E. Answer Remarks upon Dr. H. More 190 To the much grievance and oppression of the people.

1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad VI. xxii. 159 The Wife with-held, the Treasure ill detain'd, (Cause of the War, and Grievance of the Land) With honourable Justice to restore.

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. i. vii. 244 If the consequence of that exertion be manifestly to the grievance or dishonour of the kingdom.

1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 127 Happy people! that..sport away the weights of grievance, which bow down the spirit of other nations.

†2. The state or fact of being oppressed, injured, or distressed; trouble, distress; suffering, pain. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun]

sorec888

teeneOE

sorrowOE

workOE

wrakeOE

careOE

gramec1000

harmOE

howc1000

trayOE

woweOE

angec1175

derfnessc1175

sytec1175

unwinc1175

wosithc1200

ail?c1225

barrat?c1225

derf?c1225

grief?c1225

misease?c1225

misliking?c1225

ofthinkingc1225

passion?c1225

troublec1230

pinec1275

distress1297

grievancea1300

penancea1300

cumbermentc1300

languorc1300

cumbering1303

were1303

angera1325

strifea1325

sweama1325

woea1325

painc1330

tribulationc1330

illa1340

threst1340

constraintc1374

troublenessc1380

afflictiona1382

bruisinga1382

miseasetya1382

pressurec1384

exercisec1386

miscomfortc1390

mislikea1400

smarta1400

thronga1400

balec1400

painfulnessc1400

troublancec1400

smartness?c1425

painliness1435

perplexity?a1439

penalty?1462

calamity1490

penality1496

cumber?a1513

sussy1513

tribule1513

afflict?1529

vexation of spirit1535

troublesomeness1561

hoe1567

grievedness1571

tribulance1575

languishment1576

thrall1578

tine1590

languorment1593

aggrievedness1594

obturbation1623

afflictedness1646

erumny1657

pathos1684

shock1705

dree1791

vex1815

wrungnessa1875

dukkha1886

thinkache1892

sufferation1976

the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > tribulation, trouble, or affliction

teeneOE

harmOE

sourc1000

trayOE

angec1175

wosithc1200

ail?c1225

barrat?c1225

misease?c1225

passion?c1225

troublec1230

sorenessc1275

grievancea1300

cumbermentc1300

cumbering1303

thro1303

angera1325

strifea1325

sweama1325

encumbrancec1330

tribulationc1330

threst1340

mischiefa1375

pressc1375

unhend1377

miseasetya1382

angernessc1390

molestc1390

troublancec1400

notea1425

miseasenessc1450

cumber?a1513

tribule1513

unseasonableness?1523

troublesomeness1561

tribulance1575

tine1590

trials and tribulations1591

pressure1648

difficulty1667

hell to pay1758

dree1791

trial and tribulation1792

Queer Street1811

Sturm und Drang1857

a thin time1924

shit1929

crap1932

shtook1936

a1300 Cursor Mundi 23083 In mi greuance yee did me gode.

1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 2753 Þai sal haf a day þare Als mykel bitter payn or mare, Als a man mught thole here of penaunce A yhere and fele als mykel grevaunce.

a1400 Seuyn Sages (W.) 2027 He..tolde hem alle his greuance.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 233 Aurelius Hadde loued hir best of any creature..But neuere dorste he tellen hir his greuance.

a1420 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 1065 Povert hathe in hym self ynow grevaunce, Withouten that that man hym more purchace.

1422 tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. (1898) 196 Clothis, wodde, and colle..by the wych he myght escape wythout empeyrement the grevaunce of the wyntyr.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. iii. 28 Sex hundreth yeris and od Haue I..Liffyd with grete grevance.

c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cxxi. 16 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 214 The Moony vapors Shall not cast any mist to breed thy greuaunce.

1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. i. 154 See where he is..Ile know his grieuance, or be much denied.

3. A circumstance or state of things which is felt to be oppressive. In modern use, a wrong or hardship (real or supposed) which is considered a legitimate ground of complaint; something to complain of.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > [noun] > ground of complaint

lastOE

plainta1382

aggrievance1389

griefc1420

grievance1481

condemnation1534

complaint1732

1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde iii. viii. 147 The fruytes..ben other~while sonner rype in one yere than in an other, and more assured of tempestes and other greuances.

1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares (rev. ed.) iv. lxxv. 106 Future ill On present suffrings, bruted to aryse, That farther grieuances ingender will.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iv. iii. 37 Madam, I pitty much your grieuances .

1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης v. 44 They undid nothing in the State but irregular and grinding Courts, the maine greevances to be remov'd.

1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. vii. 173 The hundred Grievances of the German Nation proposed to the Popes Legate.

1688 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 226 As to y^e Request of y^e Assembly for Relief of Grievances.

1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 17 May (1965) I. 356 The War is a general Greivance upon the people.

1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. xxxiii. 16 One Day meeting me on the Green near the Fort, he stopt me to relate his Grievances.

1795 E. Burke Let. 18 May (1969) VIII. 246 It is a foolish Language, adopted from the united Irishmen, that their Grievances originate from England.

1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 42 They sent to the King a statement of their grievances.

1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. vii. 124 In an early state of society any kind of taxation is apt to be looked on as a grievance.

1882 A. W. Ward Dickens v. 112 The length of Chancery suits was a real public grievance.

1883 C. J. Wills In Land of Lion & Sun 367 On being troubled by a pertinacious clergyman with many grievances.

†4. A disease, ailment, hurt. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > [noun]

soreOE

cothec1000

sicknessc1000

evilc1275

maladyc1275

grievance1377

passiona1382

infirmityc1384

mischiefa1387

affectiona1398

grievinga1398

grief1398

sicka1400

case?a1425

plaguec1425

diseasea1475

alteration1533

craze1534

uncome1538

impediment1542

affliction?1555

ailment1606

disaster1614

garget1615

morbus1630

ail1648

disaffect1683

disorder1690

illness1692

trouble1726

complaint1727

skookum1838

claim1898

itis1909

bug1918

wog1925

crud1932

bot1937

lurgy1947

Korean haemorrhagic fever1951

nadger1956

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xii. 61 Sapience..swelleth a mannes soule, Ac grace is a grasse therof The greuaunces to abate.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) viii. 32 Þai schuld neuer hafe swilke greuaunce ne disese of þam mare.

c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) ii. xxiv. 84 Al be it she hath no greuaunce, yet hath she displesaunce.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. v. 11 Ulcers and grievances of the mouth.

1634 W. Wood New Englands Prospect i. iii. 9 Many that have come infirme out of England, retaine their old grievances still.

1761 F. Sheridan Mem. Miss Sidney Bidulph II. 279 The Bath surgeon..declared it as his opinion, that the complaint might be removed without amputation, adding, that it was owing to wrong management that the grievance had gone so far.

†5. Displeasure, indignation, offence. to take in or to grievance, to take grievance with: to take offence at. Obsolete. (Cf. grief n. 4b.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > [noun]

unthankc893

ofthinkingc1225

displeasancec1340

grievancec1380

offencec1390

griefa1400

ill liking?a1400

mislikinga1400

displacencec1450

displeasure1484

displeasantness1547

discontentment1550

displeasedness1561

discontent1579

displicence1593

aggrievedness1594

disconceitc1598

distasture1611

displicency1640

disobligation1645

displacencya1652

affront1705

disobligement18..

unpleasure1814

misloving1871

unwill1872

displeasurement1882

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 258 Charlys was in his greuance stondyng among his feren.

c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 126 I prai the tak to no grevance This kene karping of syr Kay.

1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 10757 Grace dieu..Wych ys, sothly, evele apayd, And taketh gretly in greuaunce The maner off thy governaunce.

1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 1257 Yet sum there be therewith take grevaunce, And grudge thereat with frownyng countenaunce.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations. grievance-monger.

ΚΠ

1828 Toronto Pub. Lib. MS. B 104 41 Like William Lyon Mackenzie, he was a confirmed grievance-monger.

1860 Sat. Rev. 9 304/2 They are the men who..hold grievance-meetings about the parson's surplice.

1890 Spectator 2 Aug. 141/2 The grievance-mongers will gather together.

1896 Tablet 9 May 751 Those spoilt children of the State..are very busy just now in grievance-making.

1966 Economist 12 Nov. 647/2 Mrs Gandhi's government and party can hardly be considered blameless. What they have to do to meet the real grievances that the grievance-mongers exploit is, simply, to succeed.

Derivatives

† ˈgrievancer n. Obsolete one who occasions a grievance; one who gives ground for complaint.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > harm, injury, or wrong > [noun] > one who does

offender?a1425

wrongerc1449

griever1598

injurer1611

grievancer1655

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harmful person > [noun] > causing grievance

grievancer1655

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. xi. xvii. §4 ⁋12 Now no day passed, wherein some petition was not presented..against the Bishops as grand grievancers.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	grievance
释义	grievancen. /ˈɡriːvəns/ Forms: Middle English–1500s grevaunce, (Middle English grevawnce, grevons), Middle English–1600s grevance, (Middle English grevans(e, 1600s greevance), 1500s– grievance. Etymology: < Old French grevance, grievance, < grever to harm, grieve n.: see -ance suffix. †1. The infliction of wrong or hardship on a person; injury, oppression; a cause or source of injury. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > harm, injury, or wrong > [noun] > as inflicted wrongc1275 derea1325 grievancec1386 resentment1683 the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harm or injury > [noun] > cause of foea1200 wothea1300 grievancec1386 resentment1683 wound1715 c1386 G. Chaucer Melibeus ⁋520 If..a man of gretter myght and strengthe than thou art do thee grevaunce, studie and bisye thee rather to stille the same grevaunce, than for to venge thee. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 34 The bodely delices alle..Unto the soule done grevaunce. a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) l. 27823 Couatyse es ane euil syn þat mikel greuance gers bygin. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 211/1 Grevawn [c] e, or offence, or trespace, offensa, aggra[va]men. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cclxxxvi. 427 The frenchmen kepte good company with their prisoners, and raunsomed them courtesly, without any greuaunce to them. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 5034 And all giltes [ben] for-gyffen & greuans of old. 1609 Bible (Douay) I. Song Three Children 27 The fire touched them not at al, nor payned them, nor did them anie grevance. 1641 Protests Lords I. 4 To the great and universal grievance of your people. 1684 S. E. Answer Remarks upon Dr. H. More 190 To the much grievance and oppression of the people. 1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad VI. xxii. 159 The Wife with-held, the Treasure ill detain'd, (Cause of the War, and Grievance of the Land) With honourable Justice to restore. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. i. vii. 244 If the consequence of that exertion be manifestly to the grievance or dishonour of the kingdom. 1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 127 Happy people! that..sport away the weights of grievance, which bow down the spirit of other nations. †2. The state or fact of being oppressed, injured, or distressed; trouble, distress; suffering, pain. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun] sorec888 teeneOE sorrowOE workOE wrakeOE careOE gramec1000 harmOE howc1000 trayOE woweOE angec1175 derfnessc1175 sytec1175 unwinc1175 wosithc1200 ail?c1225 barrat?c1225 derf?c1225 grief?c1225 misease?c1225 misliking?c1225 ofthinkingc1225 passion?c1225 troublec1230 pinec1275 distress1297 grievancea1300 penancea1300 cumbermentc1300 languorc1300 cumbering1303 were1303 angera1325 strifea1325 sweama1325 woea1325 painc1330 tribulationc1330 illa1340 threst1340 constraintc1374 troublenessc1380 afflictiona1382 bruisinga1382 miseasetya1382 pressurec1384 exercisec1386 miscomfortc1390 mislikea1400 smarta1400 thronga1400 balec1400 painfulnessc1400 troublancec1400 smartness?c1425 painliness1435 perplexity?a1439 penalty?1462 calamity1490 penality1496 cumber?a1513 sussy1513 tribule1513 afflict?1529 vexation of spirit1535 troublesomeness1561 hoe1567 grievedness1571 tribulance1575 languishment1576 thrall1578 tine1590 languorment1593 aggrievedness1594 obturbation1623 afflictedness1646 erumny1657 pathos1684 shock1705 dree1791 vex1815 wrungnessa1875 dukkha1886 thinkache1892 sufferation1976 the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > tribulation, trouble, or affliction teeneOE harmOE sourc1000 trayOE angec1175 wosithc1200 ail?c1225 barrat?c1225 misease?c1225 passion?c1225 troublec1230 sorenessc1275 grievancea1300 cumbermentc1300 cumbering1303 thro1303 angera1325 strifea1325 sweama1325 encumbrancec1330 tribulationc1330 threst1340 mischiefa1375 pressc1375 unhend1377 miseasetya1382 angernessc1390 molestc1390 troublancec1400 notea1425 miseasenessc1450 cumber?a1513 tribule1513 unseasonableness?1523 troublesomeness1561 tribulance1575 tine1590 trials and tribulations1591 pressure1648 difficulty1667 hell to pay1758 dree1791 trial and tribulation1792 Queer Street1811 Sturm und Drang1857 a thin time1924 shit1929 crap1932 shtook1936 a1300 Cursor Mundi 23083 In mi greuance yee did me gode. 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 2753 Þai sal haf a day þare Als mykel bitter payn or mare, Als a man mught thole here of penaunce A yhere and fele als mykel grevaunce. a1400 Seuyn Sages (W.) 2027 He..tolde hem alle his greuance. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 233 Aurelius Hadde loued hir best of any creature..But neuere dorste he tellen hir his greuance. a1420 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 1065 Povert hathe in hym self ynow grevaunce, Withouten that that man hym more purchace. 1422 tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. (1898) 196 Clothis, wodde, and colle..by the wych he myght escape wythout empeyrement the grevaunce of the wyntyr. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. iii. 28 Sex hundreth yeris and od Haue I..Liffyd with grete grevance. c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cxxi. 16 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 214 The Moony vapors Shall not cast any mist to breed thy greuaunce. 1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. i. 154 See where he is..Ile know his grieuance, or be much denied. View more context for this quotation 3. A circumstance or state of things which is felt to be oppressive. In modern use, a wrong or hardship (real or supposed) which is considered a legitimate ground of complaint; something to complain of. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > [noun] > ground of complaint lastOE plainta1382 aggrievance1389 griefc1420 grievance1481 condemnation1534 complaint1732 1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde iii. viii. 147 The fruytes..ben other~while sonner rype in one yere than in an other, and more assured of tempestes and other greuances. 1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares (rev. ed.) iv. lxxv. 106 Future ill On present suffrings, bruted to aryse, That farther grieuances ingender will. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iv. iii. 37 Madam, I pitty much your grieuances . View more context for this quotation 1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης v. 44 They undid nothing in the State but irregular and grinding Courts, the maine greevances to be remov'd. 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. vii. 173 The hundred Grievances of the German Nation proposed to the Popes Legate. 1688 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 226 As to y^e Request of y^e Assembly for Relief of Grievances. 1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 17 May (1965) I. 356 The War is a general Greivance upon the people. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. xxxiii. 16 One Day meeting me on the Green near the Fort, he stopt me to relate his Grievances. 1795 E. Burke Let. 18 May (1969) VIII. 246 It is a foolish Language, adopted from the united Irishmen, that their Grievances originate from England. 1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 42 They sent to the King a statement of their grievances. 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. vii. 124 In an early state of society any kind of taxation is apt to be looked on as a grievance. 1882 A. W. Ward Dickens v. 112 The length of Chancery suits was a real public grievance. 1883 C. J. Wills In Land of Lion & Sun 367 On being troubled by a pertinacious clergyman with many grievances. †4. A disease, ailment, hurt. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > [noun] soreOE cothec1000 sicknessc1000 evilc1275 maladyc1275 grievance1377 passiona1382 infirmityc1384 mischiefa1387 affectiona1398 grievinga1398 grief1398 sicka1400 case?a1425 plaguec1425 diseasea1475 alteration1533 craze1534 uncome1538 impediment1542 affliction?1555 ailment1606 disaster1614 garget1615 morbus1630 ail1648 disaffect1683 disorder1690 illness1692 trouble1726 complaint1727 skookum1838 claim1898 itis1909 bug1918 wog1925 crud1932 bot1937 lurgy1947 Korean haemorrhagic fever1951 nadger1956 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xii. 61 Sapience..swelleth a mannes soule, Ac grace is a grasse therof The greuaunces to abate. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) viii. 32 Þai schuld neuer hafe swilke greuaunce ne disese of þam mare. c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) ii. xxiv. 84 Al be it she hath no greuaunce, yet hath she displesaunce. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. v. 11 Ulcers and grievances of the mouth. 1634 W. Wood New Englands Prospect i. iii. 9 Many that have come infirme out of England, retaine their old grievances still. 1761 F. Sheridan Mem. Miss Sidney Bidulph II. 279 The Bath surgeon..declared it as his opinion, that the complaint might be removed without amputation, adding, that it was owing to wrong management that the grievance had gone so far. †5. Displeasure, indignation, offence. to take in or to grievance, to take grievance with: to take offence at. Obsolete. (Cf. grief n. 4b.) ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > [noun] unthankc893 ofthinkingc1225 displeasancec1340 grievancec1380 offencec1390 griefa1400 ill liking?a1400 mislikinga1400 displacencec1450 displeasure1484 displeasantness1547 discontentment1550 displeasedness1561 discontent1579 displicence1593 aggrievedness1594 disconceitc1598 distasture1611 displicency1640 disobligation1645 displacencya1652 affront1705 disobligement18.. unpleasure1814 misloving1871 unwill1872 displeasurement1882 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 258 Charlys was in his greuance stondyng among his feren. c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 126 I prai the tak to no grevance This kene karping of syr Kay. 1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 10757 Grace dieu..Wych ys, sothly, evele apayd, And taketh gretly in greuaunce The maner off thy governaunce. 1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 1257 Yet sum there be therewith take grevaunce, And grudge thereat with frownyng countenaunce. Compounds attributive and in other combinations. grievance-monger. ΚΠ 1828 Toronto Pub. Lib. MS. B 104 41 Like William Lyon Mackenzie, he was a confirmed grievance-monger. 1860 Sat. Rev. 9 304/2 They are the men who..hold grievance-meetings about the parson's surplice. 1890 Spectator 2 Aug. 141/2 The grievance-mongers will gather together. 1896 Tablet 9 May 751 Those spoilt children of the State..are very busy just now in grievance-making. 1966 Economist 12 Nov. 647/2 Mrs Gandhi's government and party can hardly be considered blameless. What they have to do to meet the real grievances that the grievance-mongers exploit is, simply, to succeed. Derivatives † ˈgrievancer n. Obsolete one who occasions a grievance; one who gives ground for complaint. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > harm, injury, or wrong > [noun] > one who does offender?a1425 wrongerc1449 griever1598 injurer1611 grievancer1655 the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harmful person > [noun] > causing grievance grievancer1655 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. xi. xvii. §4 ⁋12 Now no day passed, wherein some petition was not presented..against the Bishops as grand grievancers. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1300
随便看	criminalises criminalising criminalism criminalisms criminalist criminalistic criminalistics criminalists criminalities criminality criminalization criminalizations criminalize criminalized criminalizes criminalizing criminally criminalness criminalnesses criminaloid congruoussest congustable congyration congé congé d'élire