grieven.
/ɡriːv/, U.S. /ɡriv/ 1. † b. = grave n.3 Obsolete.
a. A governor of a province, town, etc. Now historical = sheriff n.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > [noun]
grievec950
warden1297
presidenta1382
procuratora1382
governora1393
seneschalc1400
lieutenant1423
promissary?c1500
governator1522
provincial1590
ethnarch1602
state governor1608
proconsul1650
stadholder1704
superintendent1758
meridarch1866
prez.1919
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxviii. 14 Gif ðis gehered bið from ðen groefa [Rushw. geroefe] we ge-trewað him.
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark xv. 5 Se hælend..noht geondsuarede suæ þætte þæt he woere awundrad se groefa [Rushw. groefa].
c1180 Leg. Edw. Conf. in B. Thorpe Anc. Laws Eng. (1840) I. 456 Greve autem nomen est potestatis; apud nos autem nichil melius videtur esse quam prefectura. Est enim multiplex nomen; greve enim dicitur de scira, de wapentagiis, de hundredo, de burgis, de villis.]
a1400 Burgh Laws xix, in Sc. Stat. I Þe borow greff [L. præpositus].
1629 T. Dekker Londons Tempe 20 In the time of Edward Confessor, the chiefe Ruler of the Citty was called Reeue, Greeue, or Portreeue.
1708 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) 374 Greve, Præpositus, is a word of Authority and signifies as much as Comes or Vicecomes.
1845 J. Lingard Hist. & Antiq. Anglo-Saxon Church (ed. 3) II. xiv. 346 The instrument states..that the bishop, with the aid of the greave or sheriff, should extirpate all heathenish superstitions.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > steward or bailiff in charge of another's property
town-reeveeOE
reeveeOE
gravec1175
procuratorc1300
dispender1340
provost1340
bailiec1375
officerc1375
dispenserc1380
proctora1382
dispensator1382
farmerc1384
approverc1386
husbanda1387
stewardc1405
chamberlain1423
procurer1477
factor1520
bailiff1528
land-steward1535
improver1536
grieve1537
amtman1582
administrator1596
stead-man1609
dapifer1636
vogt1694
house jobber1709
commissioner1760
foreman1774
house agent1793
ground-officer1815
land-agent1846
wic-reeve1853
steadward1876
house farmer1882
house-knacker1884
land-sergeant1894
1537 Par. Acc. Ecclesfield Boroyd off our lady grevys to ye bell castyng, xxs. Off ye same grevys to ye Organs, &c. vjs. viijd.
1607 in Morehouse Kirkburton & Graveship of Holme 137 Against which day the Greave did command all the inhabitants of Austonley to appear the tyme above said.
2. Scottish and northern. The overseer, manager, or head-workman on a farm; a farm-bailiff. (See also quot. 1893.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > farm worker > overseer
grieve1513
granger1582
fieldsman1750
capataz1826
back-breaker1867
madrich1944
1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid xiii. Prol. 161 Tyte on his hynis gaif the greif a cry, Awaik on fut, go till our husbandry.
1568 R. Henryson in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 138 This awstrene greif anserit angirly for thy Cramping thow salt baith cruke & cowre.
1595 A. Duncan Appendix Etymologiae: Index in Latinae Grammaticae Magister, villȩ vel pagi, a greiue.
1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 5 A good Grieve is better than an ill Worker.
1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 361 There is a number of grieves, inspectors and overseers appointed in every little district.
1814 W. Scott Diary 6 Aug. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) III. iv. 152 He has got a ploughman from Scotland, who acts as grieve.
1842 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm (1851) II. 611/2 The grieve's time may be fully occupied elsewhere.
1868 Perthshire Jrnl. 18 June The Grieve on Westhall will show the Farm.
1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Greeve, Grieve, an overseer, an under~steward. It is generally applied to a resident agent who has charge of property in his locality.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
grievev.
/ɡriːv/, U.S. /ɡriv/ a. transitive. To press heavily upon, as a weight; to burden. Only in passive. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict > oppress or afflict
heavyc897
narroweOE
overlayOE
overseamOE
twingea1300
to weigh downa1340
grieve1340
besit1377
oppressc1384
foila1400
thringa1400
empressc1400
enpressc1400
aska1425
press?a1425
peisea1450
straita1464
constraina1500
overhale1531
to grate on or upon1532
wrack1562
surcharge1592
to lie heavy uponc1595
to weigh back, on one side, to the earth1595
to sit on ——1607
to sit upon ——1607
gall1614
bear1645
weight1647
obsess1648
aggrieve1670
swinge1681
lean1736
gravitate1754
weigh1794
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 260 Nimeþ ye hede þet youre herten ne by ygreued ne y-charged of glotounie ne of dronkehede.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xxvi. 43 And eftsone he came, and foonde hem slepynge; forsothe her eȝen weren greued.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Tim. v. 16 If ony feithful man hath widewis, vndirmynistre he to hem, that the chirche be not greuyd.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > weight [verb (transitive)] > make heavy
heavyc825
aggregea1382
greggea1382
grievec1384
gravidate1657
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Macc. viii. 31 Whi hast thou greeuyd [L. gravasti] thy ȝock vpon oure freendis?
a. Of persons: To harass, trouble, vex, gall by hostile action; to oppress; to do wrong, hurt, or harm to. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict
overharryeOE
aileOE
swencheOE
besetOE
traya1000
teenOE
to work (also do) (a person) woeOE
derve?c1225
grieve1297
harrya1300
noyc1300
travailc1300
to work (also do) annoyc1300
wrath14..
aggrievea1325
annoya1325
tribula1325
to hold wakenc1330
anguish1340
distrainc1374
wrap1380
strain1382
ermec1386
afflicta1393
cumbera1400
assayc1400
distressc1400
temptc1400
encumber1413
labour1437
infortune?a1439
stressa1450
trouble1489
arraya1500
constraina1500
attempt1525
misease1530
exercise1531
to hold or keep waking1533
try1539
to wring to the worse1542
pinch1548
affligec1550
trounce1551
oppress1555
inflict1566
overharl1570
strait1579
to make a martyr of1599
straiten1611
tribulatea1637
to put through the hoop(s)1919
snooter1923
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 11815 Clerkes..þat hulde wiþ sir simon, he greuede manion.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 39 Þe ualse playneres þet makeþ þe ualse bezechinges and zecheþ þe ualse..wytnesses..uor to greui oþren.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. x. 204 Alle that lakketh vs or lyeth vs oure lorde techeth vs to louye And nouȝt to greuen hem that greueth vs.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 4076 Enuye þai had til him sua strang, þai soght him ay to greue with wrang.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xxi. 229 Als long as ȝee ben bounden to gedere..in Loue, in Trouthe, & in gode Accord no man schall ben of powere to greue ȝou.
a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 101 To vse and kepe honeste lyf, and to loue and kepe in ryght his peple, and not greue them as Roboam dyd.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xii. 186 Moche thei greved the hethen peple with alle theire power.
1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII c. 1 §1 Nother pile blokhouse ne Bulwork is made to greve or annoye theym at their landyng.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xlvii. 68 The whiche garyson hadde greuyd sore the towne of Cambray.
1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Glendower xiv To greve our foe he quyckely to me sent Twelve thousand Frenchmen.
c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) iv. 1506 What will he doe to thee, which seekst to grieve With an oppressours hand the innocent!
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. iv. 13 Seeing nature hath armed living creatures, some with teeth, some with horns, and some with hands, to grieve an enemy, it is but an abuse of Speech, to grieve him with the tongue.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > cause or effect (harm) [verb (transitive)] > do harm or injury to
werdec725
wema1000
evilc1000
harmc1000
hinderc1000
teenOE
scathec1175
illc1220
to wait (one) scathec1275
to have (…) wrong1303
annoya1325
grievec1330
wrong1390
to do violence to (also unto)a1393
mischievea1393
damagea1400
annulc1425
trespass1427
mischief1437
poisonc1450
injurea1492
damnify1512
prejudge1531
misfease1571
indemnify1583
bane1601
debauch1633
lese1678
empoison1780
misguggle1814
nobble1860
strafe1915
to dick up1951
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 71 Our fredom that day for euer toke þe leue, For Harald it went away, his falshed did vs greue.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 215 He shall wel finde his covetise Shall sore greve him ate laste.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7072 Þat werre þat greued al bath ner and ferr.
c1440 York Myst. xxii. 54 Þer was neuere dede þat euere he dide þat greued hym warre.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde ii. xxxi. 127 Adam was deceyued by thapple that he ete, whiche greued alle humayne lignage.
1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xxxviii A dysseysyn and dyscent that is mater & dede shall not so greue hym that was dysseysed whan he was out of the realme.
1542 N. Vyllagon Lamentable & Piteous Treat. in Harleian Misc. (1808) I. 235 That no tempeste of the see maye once vexe, greue, or trouble enye ship.
a. To do bodily hurt or harm to (a person); to injure (a thing) materially. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > damage or injure [verb (transitive)]
mareOE
shendOE
hinderc1000
amarOE
awemc1275
noyc1300
touchc1300
bleche1340
blemisha1375
spill1377
misdoa1387
grieve1390
damagea1400
despoil?a1400
matea1400
snapea1400
mankc1400
overthrowa1425
tamec1430
undermine1430
blunder1440
depaira1460
adommage?1473
endamage1477
prejudicec1487
fulyie1488
martyra1500
dyscrase?1504
corrupt1526
mangle1534
danger1538
destroy1542
spoil1563
ruinate1564
ruin1567
wrake1570
injury1579
bane1587
massacre1589
ravish1594
wrong1595
rifle1604
tainta1616
mutilea1618
to do violence toa1625
flaw1665
stun1676
quail1682
maul1694
moil1698
damnify1712
margullie1721
maul1782
buga1790
mux1806
queer1818
batter1840
puckeroo1840
rim-rack1841
pretty1868
garbage1899
savage1899
to do in1905
strafe1915
mash1924
blow1943
nuke1967
mung1969
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 115 There [i.e. in Egypt] no stormy weder falleth, Which mighte greve man or beste.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 20960 Þe nedder of venum þat was strange noȝt him greued wiþ hir stange.
a1400 (a1325) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Trin. Cambr.) (1887) App. X. l. 6 Her liþ kenelm of his heuede bireued Þat þoru his soster & þe stiward so was igreued.
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 24 Whan tyme is hoot, putte on hem [vines] softe at eue Good water oft, that they may ete and drinke, And bolde hem vppon hoot, that myght hem greue.
1483 W. Caxton in tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 213/1 She..lete make a strong poyson and gaf it to hir brother But god kepte hym yt it neuer greuyd hym.
1568 Christis Kirk on Grene in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 265 Thay girnit and lait gird wt granis, ilk gossep vder grevit.
1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie i. viii. 34 Alwaies (saith Sir Iohn Froysard) by right of Armes a man ought to grieue his Enemy.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake ii. 57 The graceful foliage storms may reave, The noble stem they cannot grieve.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > [verb (intransitive)]
woundc897
spilea1325
grieve1398
to bring (also go, put, run) to wrack (and ruin)1412
mangle1533
to do, make, etc. (great, much) spoil1575
wreck1634
trash1970
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) vii. xviii. 235 Colde thynges greue, and heete helpe yf the teeres comen of out~warde cause.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xiiv There be dyuers maner of wedes, as thistyls, kedlokes, dockes..these be they that greue moost.
?1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing 18 As manye things are necessarie and needefull in mans lyfe, so taking in excesse and out of season, annoy and grieue much.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > suffer pain [verb (transitive)] > cause pain
aileOE
grieve?c1225
girdc1275
painc1375
putc1390
sorea1400
troublec1400
anguisha1425
vex?c1425
urn1488
suffera1500
exagitate1532
fire1602
trachle1889
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 310 As ofte ilete blod. ȝe ne schule don þreo daȝes nan þing þet ow greueð.
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 105/147 Euere sat þis Maide stille; it [the torture] ne greuede hire no-þing.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 15657 Þair eien war greued sua wit grete.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11734 Lauerd, þis es a mikel hete, It greues vs, it es sua grete.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) ii. 11 That the Smelle scholde not greve men that wenten forby.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 4120 Þe same bolnyng þan him greued.
c1480 (a1400) St. Paul 759 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 51 His breth hym grewit mar & mare.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 70 b/1 He had so moche heere on his heed that it greuyd hym to bere.
1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 1 Helth..is the state of the body, wherein we be neyther greved with peyne, nor lette from doinge our necessary businesse.
?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe sig. Fiiiv Somtimes it [the liver] is greued by blood into [read in to] moch aboundaunce, or by cholericke humours.
1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie iii. 17 This manner of Shooe..greueth not, or vexeth the wearer thereof on his feete.
1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health cxciv. 155 Cholericke fumes, which both inflame the bodie and grieue the head.
1592 W. West Symbolæogr.: 1st Pt. §102 A Al maner of diseases, griefes and sorances wherewith the said H. is now infected, grieued or trobled in ye raines, bladder [etc.].
1782 W. Cowper Conversation in Poems 242 A Christian's wit is inoffensive light, A beam that aids but never grieves the sight.]
5. With adverb.1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 24 The Holy Spirit they have grieved away.reflexive.c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 372 I pray ȝou here þat ȝe greue ȝou not all-þouȝ I forȝete not liȝtly þe materialle swerde [etc.].c1500 Debate Carpenter's Tools in Rev. Eng. Stud. (1987) 38 461 And greue ȝou nothing at þis song, Bot euer make mery ȝourselue amonge.1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 575/1 I greve my selfe more with the felowe than he is worthe.
a. To affect with grief or deep sorrow. †Formerly, in wider sense: to vex, trouble, or oppress mentally; to cause pain, anxiety, or vexation to; to annoy.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)]
heavyc897
pineeOE
aileOE
sorryeOE
traya1000
sorrowOE
to work (also do) (a person) woeOE
angerc1175
smarta1200
to work, bake, brew balec1200
derve?c1225
grieve?c1225
sitc1225
sweam?c1225
gnawc1230
sughc1230
troublec1230
aggrievea1325
to think sweama1325
unframea1325
anguish1340
teen1340
sowa1352
distrainc1374
to-troublea1382
strain1382
unglad1390
afflicta1393
paina1393
distressa1400
hita1400
sorea1400
assayc1400
remordc1400
temptc1400
to sit (or set) one sorec1420
overthrow?a1425
visit1424
labour1437
passionc1470
arraya1500
constraina1500
misgrievea1500
attempt1525
exagitate1532
to wring to the worse1542
toil1549
lament1580
adolorate1598
rankle1659
try1702
to pass over ——1790
upset1805
to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823
to put (a person) through it1855
bludgeon1888
to get to ——1904
to put through the hoop(s)1919
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > harass [verb (transitive)]
tawc893
ermec897
swencheOE
besetOE
bestandc1000
teenOE
baitc1175
grieve?c1225
war?c1225
noyc1300
pursuec1300
travailc1300
to work (also do) annoyc1300
tribula1325
worka1325
to hold wakenc1330
chase1340
twistc1374
wrap1380
cumbera1400
harrya1400
vexc1410
encumber1413
inquiet1413
molest?a1425
course1466
persecutec1475
trouble1489
sturt1513
hare1523
hag1525
hale1530
exercise1531
to grate on or upon1532
to hold or keep waking1533
infest1533
scourge1540
molestate1543
pinch1548
trounce1551
to shake upa1556
tire1558
moila1560
pester1566
importune1578
hunt1583
moider1587
bebait1589
commacerate1596
bepester1600
ferret1600
harsell1603
hurry1611
gall1614
betoil1622
weary1633
tribulatea1637
harass1656
dun1659
overharry1665
worry1671
haul1678
to plague the life out of1746
badger1782
hatchel1800
worry1811
bedevil1823
devil1823
victimize1830
frab1848
mither1848
to pester the life out of1848
haik1855
beplague1870
chevy1872
obsede1876
to get on ——1880
to load up with1880
tail-twist1898
hassle1901
heckle1920
snooter1923
hassle1945
to breathe down (the back of) (someone's) neck1946
to bust (a person's) chops1953
noodge1960
monster1967
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > be sorry or grieved at [verb (transitive)] > sadden or grieve
rueOE
grieve?c1225
teen1340
moana1425
contrist1490
sadden1565
sad1578
ensorrow1593
contristate1616
tristitiate1628
dolea1637
endolour1884
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 174 Ȝef þe feont wið fondunge greueð þe sare. þu greuest him ȝef þu ed stondest hundredsiðe sarre.
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. v. 79 His grase and his good hap greueþ me ful sore.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 2920 Abraham went him, on þe morn, To þat sted..And sagh þat can him sare greue.
?a1400 Morte Arth. 2538 ‘Sir’, sais syr Gawayne, ‘so me Gode helpe! Siche glaue~rande gomes greues me bot lyttille!’
c1430 Hymns Virg. 72 Ȝougþe staale from me; þat soore me greuis; Age steeleþ on me boþe day and nyȝte.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xcv. 309 Ye losse of his good horse greuyth hym more than the losse of all his men.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. clx. [clvi.] 439 This synne greued greatly the conscience of the duke of Irelande.
1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 3 I had cause to be greeved at it.
1611 Bible (King James) John xxi. 17 Peter was grieued [Gk. ἐλυπήθη], because he said vnto him the third time, Louest thou me? View more context for this quotation
1611 Bible (King James) Eph. iv. 30 Grieue not [Gk. μὴ λυπεῖτε] the holy Spirit of God. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 887 Griev'd at his heart, when looking down he saw The whole Earth fill'd with violence. View more context for this quotation
1712 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. c6 Dec. (1965) I. 172 People are seldom very much greiv'd..at Misfortunes they expect.
1747 P. Doddridge Some Remarkable Passages Life Col. J. Gardiner 41 He was grieved to see human nature prostituted to such low and contemptible pursuits.
1833 H. Martineau Charmed Sea i. 6 The spirit of Taddeus was grieved as much by his sister's injustice as by his own remorse.
1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 74 He was grieved by the corrupt speech of his son.
b. impersonal or quasi-impersonal with subject it or a substantive clause.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > [verb (transitive)] > to person or thing
werdec725
wemc900
forworkOE
evilc1000
teenOE
grievec1230
misdoc1230
mischievec1325
shond1338
endamagec1374
unrighta1393
damagea1400
disvail14..
disavail1429
mischief1437
outrayc1440
prejudice1447
abuse?1473
injuryc1484
danger1488
prejudicate1553
damnify?a1562
wrack1562
inviolate1569
mislestc1573
indemnify1583
qualify1584
interess1587
buse1589
violence1592
injure1597
bane1601
envya1625
prejudiciala1637
founder1655
the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > [verb (transitive)] > to person or thing > of person
grievec1230
c1230 Hali Meid. 33 Ȝif þu him muche luuest & he let lutel to þe hit greueð þe.
?1370 Robt. Cicyle 61 Me grevyth noȝt.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 262 Wel sore him greuede þat þe kyng was angred for ys sake.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 10443 It greuys me wonderly sare, I se þe leudy ma suilk care.
c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 4130 To part from hir it wold him gref.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 575/1 It greveth me to se hym in this case.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. x. sig. X8 That nought him grieu'd to beene from rule deposed downe.
1611 Bible (King James) Ruth i. 13 It grieueth me much for your sakes, that the hand of the Lord is gone out against me. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) v. ii. 19 Oh my deere Orlando, how it greeues me to see thee weare thy heart in a scarfe.
1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 84 Pare off the rinde, which is so beautifull, as it grieves us to rob the fruit of such an ornament.
1836 W. Irving Astoria II. 163 Much did it grieve the friends of that gentleman to see him [etc.].
1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xxv. 94 It really grieves me, to have you be so naughty.
a. To make angry; to provoke to anger or resentment; to incense, offend. Also passive, To be angry with. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (transitive)] > make angry
wrethec900
abelgheeOE
abaeileOE
teenOE
i-wrathec1075
wratha1200
awratha1250
gramec1275
forthcalla1300
excitea1340
grieve1362
movea1382
achafea1400
craba1400
angerc1400
mada1425
provokec1425
forwrecchec1450
wrothc1450
arage1470
incensea1513
puff1526
angry1530
despite1530
exasperate1534
exasper1545
stunt1583
pepper1599
enfever1647
nanger1675
to put or set up the back1728
roil1742
outrage1818
to put a person's monkey up1833
to get one's back up1840
to bring one's nap up1843
rouse1843
to get a person's shirt out1844
heat1855
to steam up1860
to get one's rag out1862
steam1922
to burn up1923
to flip out1964
the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > be indignant at or resent [verb (transitive)] > excite to indignation or resentment
grieve1362
disdain1530
stomach1596
rufflea1616
disoblige1632
pique1671
huff1793
miff1811
umbragea1894
dudgeon1906
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vii. 216 ‘I wolde not greue god’, quod Pers, ‘for al the gold on ground’.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 1227 For þai him greued [Vesp. warryd, Fairf. wraþet] wid þair dedis He þaim forsoke in all þair nedis.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 18317 Him to greue [Gött. greme] hit is ful grille.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 302 Now god in nwy to Noe con speke, Wylde wrakful wordeȝ in his wylle greued.
c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 8 God and mon þou schalt neuer greue.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxx. 406 Bot begyn he to threte He lokys full grisly.
1535 N. Shaxton Let. to Cromwell in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. lxi. 151 Be not greived with them that for christen love admonish you, and even pray for you.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms lxxvii[i]. 40 O how oft haue they greued him in the wildernesse? How many a tyme haue they prouoked in the deserte? [1611 How oft did they prouoke him in the wildernesse: and grieue him in the desert. (The second vb. in the Heb. usually means ‘to distress, afflict’.)]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (reflexive)]
i-wrathec1075
wratha1225
wrethec1275
movec1300
grieve1377
wrothc1425
anger?c1450
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. Prol. 139 Thanne greued hym a goliardeys a glotoun of wordes.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. vii. 318 He greueth hym aȝeines god, and gruccheth aȝeines resoun.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > [verb (intransitive)]
grievec1350
nuisec1350
unprofita1425
disavailc1425
prejudicate1565
harm1916
the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (intransitive)]
wrethec900
anbelgheOE
wratha1225
wrakea1300
grievec1350
angera1400
sweata1400
smoke1548
to put or set up the back1728
to have (also get) one's monkey up1833
to get (also have) the pricker1871
to have, get a cob on1937
grrra1963
c1350 Parl. Three Ages 182 This gome alle in graye greued with this wordes, And sayde, ‘felowe..þou fonnes full ȝerne.’
c1350 Parl. Three Ages 194.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5949 Quen pharaon sagh rest and stund, His hert wex gret and gan to greue.
8. in extended use.1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. i. 43 The long haunted bow'r, where the nightingale grieves.1863 T. Woolner My Beautiful Lady i. 58 To you the wind but sobs and grieves Wailing with the streaming leaves.
a. To feel grief; to be mentally pained or distressed; to sorrow deeply. Const. at, for, over, or to with infinitive, occasionally with cognate object.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > feel sorrow or grief [verb (intransitive)]
sorroweOE
sorryeOE
careOE
heavyOE
mournOE
rueOE
murkenOE
dole13..
likec1330
wailc1374
ensorrowc1384
gloppen?a1400
sytea1400
teena1400
grievec1400
angera1425
erme1481
yearna1500
aggrieve1559
discomfort?a1560
melancholyc1580
to eat one's (own) heart1590
repent1590
passion1598
sigh1642
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > lament or express grief for [verb (transitive)]
sorroweOE
meaneOE
bemournOE
mournOE
bemoanc1000
ofthink?c1225
bequeatha1325
moana1325
plain1340
wail1362
bewailc1374
complainc1374
waymenta1400
grievec1400
sorrowa1425
regratec1480
lament1535
deplore1567
dole1567
condole1607
pine1667
rave1810
c1400 (?c1380) [implied in: Cleanness l. 159 Depe in my doungoun þer doel euer dwellez, Greuing, & gretyng, & gryspyng harde. (at grieving n. 2)].
1598 Tofte in C. M. Ingleby & L. T. Smith Shakespeare's Cent. Prayse (1879) 25 They seemde to grieve, but yet they felt no care.
1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie iii. viii. sig. G5 I doe sadly grieue, and inly vexe To view the base dishonors of our sexe.
1647 C. Cotterell & W. Aylesbury tr. E. C. Davila Hist. Civill Warres France i. 20 They exceedingly grieved to see him so much fallen.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 754 How didst thou grieve then, Adam, to behold The end of all thy Ofspring. View more context for this quotation
a1677 J. Taylor Contempl. State Man (1684) ii. iv. 211 Let Those grieve and be melancholy who have no hope of Heaven.
1816 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto III xxvii. 16 Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves, Over the unreturning brave.
1819 P. B. Shelley Cenci iv. iv. 71 I grieve thus to distress you, but the Count Must answer charges of the gravest import.
1830 Ld. Tennyson Spirit Haunts (song) ii. 68 My whole soul grieves At the moist rich smell of the rotting leaves.
1882 H. S. Holland Logic & Life (1885) 119 We cannot grieve the holy grief that comes only to the pure in heart.
1884 D. Pae Eustace 22 He..grieved for the gentle young wife who had been taken from him.
b. transitive. To feel or show grief at or for; to regret deeply. poetic.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [verb (transitive)]
forthink?a1250
ruea1300
remordc1400
sorrow?a1425
forruec1425
overthinkc1450
regreta1500
deplore1567
grieve1597
unwish1629
repent1631
lament1794
1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 51 Sorrow doth vtter what vs still doth grieue.
a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Sea Voy. i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Aaaaav/2 Most miserable men; I greive their Fortunes.
1676 J. Dryden Aureng-Zebe iv. 48 'Tis little to confess your Fate I grieve.
1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity ii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 433 Till from the Parian isle, and Libya's coast, The mountains grieve their hopes of marble lost.
1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey II. vii. 297 Howe'er the noble, suff'ring mind, may grieve Its load of anguish, and disdain to live.
1871 R. Browning Balaustion 33 Nor any clipt locks strew the vestibule, Though surely these drop when we grieve the dead.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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