grindn.1
/ɡrʌɪnd/, U.S. /ɡraɪnd/ 1. † b. A set task of grinding. Obsolete.
a. The action of grinding. literal and figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > grinding or pounding > [noun]
grindc1200
grinding1340
contritionc1384
brayingc1440
milling1466
braisinga1500
comminution1578
pealing1582
pounding1591
contusion1617
pulping1640
pistillation1646
trituration1646
triture1657
commolition1658
grist1676
porphyrization1771
comminuting1776
atomization1865
micronization1941
micronizing1941
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 183 Ðan þe sowle fundeð to faren ut of hire licame, hie..binimeð..toðen here grind, and tunge here speche.
1871 M. Collins Marquis & Merchant I. vii. 218 Mud..churned into chaotic slush by..interminable grind of wheels.
1872 Earl of Pembroke & G. H. Kingsley South Sea Bubbles ix. 235 I felt a sudden shock, a terrible lurch, and long trembling grind.
1881 D. G. Rossetti Bride's Prelude in Wks. (1886) I. 57 And cries I knew of hostile lords, And crash of spears and grind of swords.
1886 J. R. Rees Diversions of Book-worm ii. 61 One gets into an unnatural perspiration at the eternal grind of the barrel-organ.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > grinding or pounding > [noun] > instance of grinding
grind1656
1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. iv. 42 The Prison, where the common malefactours grownde, and did there grinde, and in pay of their labour, received two drachmes.
c. Cambridge University. (See quots. 1889, 1950.)
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel for transporting people or goods > [noun] > ferry > types of
toni1582
horse-boat1591
bac1676
ferry bridge1696
rope-ferry1755
pont1776
ferry flat1805
steam-ferry1812
steam ferry-boat1812
night boat1839
bar-boat1857
train ferry-boat1867
car ferry1884
grind1889
swinging-bridge1892
train ferry1900
night ferry1948
SeaCat1954
walla-walla1957
1889 A. Barrère & C. G. Leland Dict. Slang I. 431/1 The ferry-boats at Chesterton, wound across by a winch and chain, ‘to go over in the grind’.
1901 Cambr. Rev. 14 Nov. 76/1 Trinity Hall..had 50 yards to spare at the Red Grind.
1906 Westm. Gaz. 11 June 8/2 Besides Charon's, two other ferries—grinds, with chain from bank to bank.
1950 M. Marples University Slang 103 A chain-ferry at Chesterton near Cambridge was also known as the Grind, but it is not clear whether from its connection with walking or rowing, or from the effort required to operate it: later every ferry came to be so called.
d. The size of the particles of a powder, e.g. ground coffee.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > coffee manufacture > [noun] > coffee-powder > size of powder particles
grind1922
the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > [noun] > state of being powdery > size of particles
grind1959
1922 W. H. Ukers All about Coffee xxv. 401/1 A progressive coffee-packing house may have..a pulverizer for making a really fine grind.
1922 W. H. Ukers All about Coffee xxv. 402/1 A mixture of a very fine with a coarse grind gives the best results in the cup.
1958 Listener 13 Feb. 299/1 I buy the grind [of coffee] I find suits my method of coffee-making best.
1958 Listener 13 Feb. 299/2 The coarse grind [of coffee] gives the best results.
1959 Gloss. Packaging Terms (B.S.I.) 34 Grind, the size of the particles of which moulding powder is composed, generally graded according to the portions retained by different mesh sizes.
2. colloquial.
a. Steady hard work; labour of a monotonous kind, esp. close and hard study; an instance of this, a dull and laborious task.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > servile or menial work
thrall-workc1175
drudgery1548
slavery1551
journey-work1614
drudgery work1632
slave work1808
hackwork1824
dog's work1847
dog work1850
grind1851
daily grind1853
slave work1916
donkey-work1920
clock-punching1929
legwork1942
shitwork1958
kyeyo1996
the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > labour or toil > steady, continuous, or dull
shoulder-work1715
grubbing1831
grind1851
slog1888
1851 B. H. Hall Coll. College Words Grind, an exaction; an oppressive action. Students speak of a very long lesson which they are required to learn, or of anything which is very unpleasant or difficult to perform as a grind.
1852 C. Kingsley Lett. (1877) I. 349 We lost him [the fox] after sunset, after the fiercest grind I have had this nine years.
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. v. 314 ‘Come along, boys,’ cries East, always ready to leave the grind, as he called it.
1859 Sat. Rev. 7 534/2 To a large proportion of students, both at our public schools and at the Universities, Latin and Greek are a mere grind.
1866 C. E. L. Riddell Race for Wealth II. xii. 250 Weary of the eternal work, of the everlasting grind, of the whirl of London life.
1884 H. S. Holland Good Friday Addr. 100 Poor women, slaving..to win..some few pennies by a long day's grind.
1887 T. B. Reed Dog with Bad Name xix ‘Hadn't we better take overcoats?’..‘Oh, no—they're a frightful grind to carry.’
b. (See quot. 1857 and cf. grind v.1 8c.)
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > study > [noun] > diligent or hard study
studiousness1530
sapping1821
swot1850
grind1857
sapa1862
swotting1873
mugging1901
groise1913
1857 ‘C. Bede’ Mr. Verdant Green Married xi. 93 A medical student would have told him, that a ‘Grind’ meant the reading up for an examination under the tuition of one who was familiarly termed ‘a Grinder’—a process which Mr. Verdant Green's friends would phrase as ‘Coaching’ under ‘a Coach’.
3. University slang.
a. A steeplechase; also, a walk taken for the sake of exercise, a ‘constitutional’.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > exercise > [noun]
playeOE
stirringa1400
laboura1530
exercisea1533
activity1542
motion1568
gymnastic1598
gymnastics1652
capriccio1665
grind1857
physical drill1873
ekker1891
physical jerks1917
daily dozen1918
workout1923
sexercise1942
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > [noun] > types of racing > types of race
wild-goose race1594
wild goose chase1597
bell-course1607
Palio1673
stake1696
paddock course1705
handicap1751
by-match1759
pony race1765
give and take plate1769
sweepstake1773
steeplechase1793
mile-heat1802
steeple race1809
welter1820
trotting-race1822
scurry1824
walkover1829
steeple hunt1831
set-to1840
sky race1840
flat race1848
trot1856
grind1857
feeler1858
nursery1860
waiting race1868
horse-trot1882
selling plate1888
flying milea1893
chase1894
flying handicap1894
prep1894
selling race1898
point-to-point1902
seller1922
shoo-in1928
daily double1930
bumper1946
selling chase1965
tiercé1981
1857 ‘C. Bede’ Mr. Verdant Green Married xi. 93 To a University man, a Grind did not possess any reading signification, but a riding one. In fact, it was a steeple-chase, slightly varying in its details according to the college that patronised the pastime.
1860 Slang Dict. (at cited word) ‘To take a grind’ i.e. a walk, or constitutional, University.
1862 H. Kingsley Ravenshoe I. xiv. 173 The Christchurch grind had been slow, but the best that year.
1872 Chambers's Jrnl. 30 Mar. 194/2 The mighty gymnasiarch, the hero of a hundred ‘grinds’.
1887 M. Shearman Athletics & Football (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 41 It was the evening after the College Steeplechase (vulgarly called the ‘College Grind’).
1896 Graves Way abt. Oxfordsh. 89 Just beyond, a turning to the left constitutes a part of the course of the famous ‘Five miles grind’ [A favourite walk at Oxford].
b. U.S. A hard student.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [noun] > hard-working student
reading man1684
smug1882
grind1893
keener1973
1893 W. K. Post Harvard Stories 11 Come now, old grind, do take a day off.
1896 in Westm. Gaz. 11 Aug. 8/1 He is neither a ‘grind’ nor a ‘sport’.
1897 A. Barrère & C. G. Leland Dict. Slang Grind,..a plodding student who keeps aloof from the usual sports and pastimes.
1908 R. L. Dunn W. H. Taft 210 He was keen to learn and if he had not been so lusty outside of the house, he would have been called a grind.
1951 S. Lewis World so Wide viii. 90 He told himself that, with this conceited grind, there was no merit in even a boarding-house courtesy.
4. slang. (An act of) sexual intercourse. Also on the grind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > [noun] > sexual intercourse > an act of
swivec1560
fall1594
sleep1612
fuck1663
merry bout1780
stroke1785
screw?c1845
charver1846
fuckeea1866
sex act1888
frigc1890
grind1893
mount1896
poke1902
tumble1903
screwing1904
ride1905
roll1910
trick1926
lay1932
jump1934
bang1937
knock1937
shag1937
a roll in the hay1945
boff1956
naughty1959
root1961
shtup1964
home run1967
seeing to1970
legover1975
bonk1978
zatch1980
boink1989
1893 J. S. Farmer & W. E. Henley Slang III. 216/1 On the grind, said of incontinent persons of both sexes. Also of prostitutes.
c1912 D. H. Lawrence Love among Haystacks (1930) 26 ‘A good grind, eh?’ said the tramp, nodding after the Fraülein. The men only half-understood him.
1969 J. Wainwright Big Tickle 112 A grind with a cheap scrubber?
5. The action of rotating the hips in a dance or the like. Cf. bump n.2 10a slang (originally U.S.).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > dancing > movements or steps > [noun] > movement > specific movements
gambol1509
gamond?a1513
frisco?1520
brawl1521
frisk1525
friscal1570
goat's jump1589
caper1592
capriole1596
capering1598
amble1607
friscado1634
rising1694
sink1706
moulinet1785
ballon1828
toeing1871
bump1931
heel turn1933
partnering1939
grind1946
shake1946
thigh lift1949
cambré1952
1946 M. Mezzrow & B. Wolfe Really Blues vi. 75 She [a dancer] went through her whole routine, bumps and grinds and shakes and breaks.
1964 Punch 26 Aug. 295/2 Sing a song..and do a bump-and-grind routine.
Draft additions January 2011
In skateboarding: a manoeuvre performed by sliding along a curb, rail, etc., on one or both of the trucks. Also: a similar manoeuvre in snowboarding, in-line skating, etc. Frequently with modifying word or words specifying a particular style or type.
ΚΠ
1986 Wall St. Jrnl. 17 June 28/5 Prevent your board from being unduly scratched or damaged as your perform such maneuvers as drop in, grind, and rock and roll.
1991 R. King Rad Boards v. 18/1 You can do either a back-side grind or a front-side grind. Skidding on both trucks at once is called a ‘fifty-fifty’.
1998 Unity May 10/2 Recently I have been improving on my grinds and now I am able to do hand-rails with ease, but only low ones.
2002 J. Weyland Answer is Never xii. 173 Mike Smith invented smith grinds, reinventing the basic frontside grind by lapping the board over the top to slide it along the coping.
2009 Wisconsin State Jrnl. (Nexis) 22 Feb. g4 For trick skiers and snowboarders, there are four ‘terrain parks’ with dozens of ramps, boxes and rails for doing jumps, jibs, grinds, twists and other stunts.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
grindn.2
/ɡrɪnd/ Orkney and Shetland dialect.
‘A gate formed of horizontal bars, which enter at each end into hollows in two upright stakes, or in the adjoining walls’ (Jamieson).
ΚΠ
1615 Acts of Bailiary in G. Barry Hist. Orkney (1805) App. ix. 459 All grinds and slops on all highways shall be closed by all strangers that enter thereby.
a1733 Shetland Acts 6 in Proc. Soc. Antiquaries Scotl. (1892) 26 197 That none big up accustomed grinds or passages through towns.
1814 W. Scott Diary 17 Aug. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) III. vi. 207 The gates, or grinds, as they are here called, are usually of ship planks and timbers.
1845 New Statist. Acct. Scotl. XV. 121 Every grind or gate is set open.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2018).
grindn.3
/ɡrʌɪnd/, U.S. /ɡraɪnd/ Nautical.
‘A half-kink in a hempen cable’ (Adm. Smyth).
ΚΠ
1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship II. 288 A cable coiled against the sun will..have less grinds or kinks in it than a cable coiled with the sun.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
grindn.4
/ɡrɪnd/ A collective term used in the Færöes for the bottle-nose whale when it appears in large numbers. (Apparently used incorrectly in quot. 1883.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > suborder Odontoceti > [noun] > family Ziphiidae > genus Hyperoodon (bottle-nose) > collectively
grind1883
1883 Great Internat. Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 47 A Faroese ‘Eight-man boat’, fully equipped for the grind or chase of the..Bottle-nose Whale.
1885 Sat. Rev. 10 Oct. 475/1 The grind are not hunted out at sea like the larger whales.
1887 G. B. Goode Fisheries U.S.: Hist. & Methods II. 248 The fishermen of the Faroe Islands have been very successful in their captures..of the ‘grind-whale’ or blackfish (G[lobiocephalus] melas).
1898 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 257 When the grind are sighted great excitement prevails throughout the islands.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2018).
grindv.1
/ɡrʌɪnd/, U.S. /ɡraɪnd//ɡraʊnd/. Forms: Old English grindan, Middle English grinden, Middle English grynden, (Middle English gryndyn), Middle English grynd, Middle English–1500s grynde, (1500s grynede?), Middle English–1600s grynde, Middle English– grind. 3rd person singular present indicative Middle English grint, grynt. past tense Old English–Middle English grond, (Middle English gront?), 1500s groond, 1600s– ground; plural Old English grundon, Middle English grunden; also weak 1500s–1800s grinded. past participle Middle English i-, ygrounde(n, (Middle English i-gronde), grownden, ( growndyn, growndyne), Middle English–1500s grounden, ( groundin, groundyn), gronden, ( grondine, grondyn), Scottish grundin, ( grundyn), Middle English–1500s grounde, (1500s groond, 1600s groune, Scottish grunde), 1500s– ground; also weak 1500s–1800s grinded, 1600s–1700s grounded. 1. transitive.
a. To reduce to small particles or powder by crushing between two hard surfaces; esp. to make (grain) into meal or flour in a mill. Frequently with adverb or other complement denoting the result of the action, as down, small, into dust, to pieces, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > grinding or pounding > grind or pound [verb (intransitive)]
grindc1000
pounce1708
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > grinding or pounding > grind or pound [verb (transitive)]
grindc1000
i-ponec1000
britOE
poundOE
stampc1200
to-pounec1290
bruisea1382
minisha1382
bray1382
to-grind1393
beatc1420
gratec1430
mull1440
pestle1483
hatter1508
pounce1519
contuse1552
pounder1570
undergrind1605
dispulverate1609
peal1611
comminute1626
atom1648
comminuate1666
porphyrize1747
stub1765
kibble1790
smush1825
crack1833
pun1888
micronize1968
c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) 168 Molo, ic grinde.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1486 Þu..gaddresst swa þe clene corn..& grindesst itt. & cnedesst itt.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3339 To dust he it grunden, and maden bread.
c1374 G. Chaucer Former Age 15 No man yit in the morter spices grond.
a1400 K. Alis. (Laud) 4431 Myllen miȝtten by þe blood Grynden corne as by þe flood.
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 405 Lyme & grauel commixt ther on do glide, With marbul greet ygrounde & mixt with lyme.
c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 13 Temper vp þine Almaundys þat þou hast y-grounde.
c1450 Middle Eng. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 72 [Take] þe rote of horshelne & þe rote of comfyry..and grynde hem smale in a morter.
c1480 (a1400) St. Agatha 94 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 360 It wes les maystry hard stanis to grynd..þane for to wryth agathis wil fra cryst.
1568 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 326 Any corne or meale, ground or to be grynded.
1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health ii. f. 101 Lyme not quenched or slaked, ioyned with the whites of egges, & grinded on a marble stone.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 650 They..lay it [steeped millet] on a stone, and (as Painters their colours) grinde it with another stone, till it be dowe.
1662 H. Stubbe Indian Nectar ii. 9 They grinded the nuts into a paste.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 94 The Olives, ground in Mills, their fatness boast.
1738 G. Smith tr. Laboratory i. 21 Grind it again, as the Painters do their Colours.
1768 J. Boswell Acct. Corsica (ed. 2) i. 48 They even have them [sc. chestnuts] grinded into flour.
1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. II. vii. 345 The practice of keeping coffee roasted and ground..seems to be injurious to its aroma.
1850 Young Patent in Law Times Rep. 10 862/1 To each 100 gallons there is added 28lbs. of chalk, ground up with a little water into a thin paste.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. vii. 261 The glaciers..grind the mass beneath them to particles of all sizes.
b. Denoting the action of teeth, or apparatus having the same function; = to masticate. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (transitive)]
grindc1200
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (transitive)] > chew
grindc1200
chew1377
chow1382
chaw1530
masticate1562
chop1581
manducate1623
jawa1625
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 181 Teð hine grindeð. Tunge hine swoleȝeð.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 58 Þe twa cheken beoð twa grind stanes..Lokeð..þet owwer cheken ne grinde neauerbute þe saule fode.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. xx. 124 Quadrupli or keruers ben sharp in the endes and ben able to bruse and grynde harde metes.
1555 R. Eden Two Viages into Guinea in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 354v Foure teeth wherwith he eateth and gryndeth his meate.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. v. 14 Then would thou hadst a paire of chaps no more, and throw betweene them all the food thou hast, they'le grinde the other.
1654 Bp. J. Taylor Real Presence 39 Christs flesh was sensually..to be handled by the Priests hands, to be broken and grinded by the teeth of the faithful.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 382 The tortoise has..no teeth..only two bony ridges in the place, serrated and hard. These serve to gather and grind its food.
1836–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. II. 11/2 The three first stomachs being intended to macerate and grind it [food] down.
c. transferred and figurative. (Cf. senses 2, 3.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (transitive)] > break to pieces, shatter, or burst
to-breakc888
briteOE
to-shenec950
abreakOE
forgnidea1000
to-brytc1000
to-burstc1000
to-driveOE
shiverc1200
to-shiverc1200
to-reavec1225
shiverc1250
debruise1297
to-crack13..
to-frushc1300
to-sliftc1315
chinec1330
littlec1350
dingc1380
bruisea1382
burst1382
rushc1390
shinderc1390
spald?a1400
brittenc1400
pashc1400
forbruise1413
to break, etc. into sherds1426
shattera1450
truncheon1477
scarboyle1502
shonk1508
to-shattera1513
rash1513
shidera1529
grind1535
infringe1543
dishiver1562
rupture1578
splinter1582
tear1582
disshiver1596
upburst1596
to burst up1601
diminish1607
confract1609
to blow (shiver, smash, tear, etc.) to or into atoms1612
dishatter1615
vanquashc1626
beshiver1647
disfrange1778
smash1778
explode1784
bust1806
spell1811
smithereen1878
shard1900
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Micah iv. 13 I wil make thy horne yron, and thy clawes brasse, that thou mayest grynde [A.V. break in pieces] many people.
1583 G. Babington Very Fruitfull Expos. Commaundem. ix. 485 The deniall of it..grindeth his soule in sunder.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1354/1 He groond himselfe euen to his graue by mortification.
1640 T. Fuller Joseph's Coat 52 All his bones were broken, that is contrited and grinded with griefe and sorrow.
1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 362 He grinds divinity of other days Down into modern use.
1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) IV. xxviii. 30 It was..safer to let the Greeks grind each other down in a protracted conflict.
1842 Ld. Tennyson St. Simeon Stylites in Poems (new ed.) II. 58 A grazing iron collar grinds my neck.
d. To force out by, or as by, grinding.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > draw out or gain by compulsion or force
wringc1444
throwa1500
extort?1545
express1547
wrest1565
evict1567
extract1599
squeeze1602
screw1622
evince1631
grind1790
force1817
slug1974
1790 J. B. Moreton Manners & Customs West India Islands 46 Describing the mill which grinds, or rather squeezes the juice out of the canes.
1801 Ld. Nelson in Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. p. cciii I went on board Sir Hyde this morning..I ground out something, but there was not that openness which I should have shown to my Second in Command.
e. intransitive in quasi-passive sense, with adjectival complement or adverb: to admit of being ground (fine, easily, etc.).
2. figurative.
a. To crush, to oppress; to harass with exactions. Also with down, to the dust. Cf. sense 1c.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > oppression > oppress [verb (transitive)]
ofsiteOE
forthringOE
overlayOE
ofsetOE
to tread down, under foot, in the mire, to the ground, to piecesc1175
overseta1200
defoulc1300
oppressa1382
overpressa1382
overchargec1390
overleadc1390
overliea1393
thringa1400
overcarkc1400
to grind the faces (occasionally face) ofa1425
press?a1425
downthringc1430
vicea1525
tread1526
to hold (also keep, bring, put) one's nose to the grindstonea1533
tyrannizea1533
wring1550
downpress1579
bepress1591
defoil1601
ingrate1604
crush1611
grinda1626
macerate1637
trample1646
a1626 F. Bacon Advice to G. Villiers in Wks. (1826) VI. 442 Some few merchants and tradesmen, under colour of furnishing the colony with necessaries, may not grind them so as shall always keep them in poverty.
1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. xix. 436 Much regretting that their Priviledges, Civil and Ecclesiasticall, were infringed, and they grinded with exactions against their Laws and Liberties.
1691 R. Baxter Of National Churches xiii. 53 Landlords grinding their Poor Tenants.
1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 19 Laws grind the poor, and rich men rule the law.
1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 30 Is India free?.. Or do we grind her still?
1833 H. Martineau Manch. Strike (new ed.) iii. 33 You are not the man to grind the poor.
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Leila i. ii. 16 Yet you suffer the Hebrews themselves..to be ground to the dust.
1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 249 By reforming the laws, and checking monopolies, he enabled the kingdom to pay its way without grinding the poor.
1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect Long Life II. 326 [He] had but one..excuse for grinding down the wretched peasantry.
b. In same sense: to grind the faces (occasionally face) of. (A Hebraism.)
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > oppression > oppress [verb (transitive)]
ofsiteOE
forthringOE
overlayOE
ofsetOE
to tread down, under foot, in the mire, to the ground, to piecesc1175
overseta1200
defoulc1300
oppressa1382
overpressa1382
overchargec1390
overleadc1390
overliea1393
thringa1400
overcarkc1400
to grind the faces (occasionally face) ofa1425
press?a1425
downthringc1430
vicea1525
tread1526
to hold (also keep, bring, put) one's nose to the grindstonea1533
tyrannizea1533
wring1550
downpress1579
bepress1591
defoil1601
ingrate1604
crush1611
grinda1626
macerate1637
trample1646
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. iii. 15 Whi al to-breken ȝe my puple, and grynden togidere the faces of pore men?
1608 Bp. J. Hall Pharisaisme & Christianity 44 They gaue plentifull alms to the poore. We in stead of filling their bellies, grinde their faces.
1659 H. Hammond Paraphr. & Annot. Psalms (xciv. 5–7 Paraphr.) 470 When they oppress and grind the faces of the people and servants of God.
1817 I. D'Israeli Curiosities of Lit. 1st Ser. III. 422 Richelieu was grinding the face of the poor by exorbitant taxation.
1888 A. Jessopp Coming of Friars ii. 88 The lord of the manor..might grind the faces of the poor while he ground their corn.
3. figurative.
a. To afflict, to torment; physically and mentally. Also absol. Now only U.S.: to annoy, vex.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > cause of mental anguish or torment > cause anguish to or torment [verb (transitive)]
quelmeOE
eatc1000
martyrOE
fretc1175
woundc1175
to-fret?c1225
gnawc1230
to-traya1250
torment1297
renda1333
anguish1340
grindc1350
wringc1374
debreakc1384
ofpinec1390
rivea1400
urn1488
reboil1528
whip1530
cruciate1532
pinch1548
spur-galla1555
agonize1570
rack1576
cut1582
excruciate1590
scorchc1595
discruciate1596
butcher1597
split1597
torture1598
lacerate1600
harrow1603
hell1614
to eat upa1616
arrow1628
martyrize1652
percruciate1656
tear1666
crucify1702
flay1782
wrench1798
kill1800
to cut up1843
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > be annoyed or vexed by [verb (transitive)] > annoy or vex
gremec893
dretchc900
awhenec1000
teenOE
fretc1290
annoyc1300
atrayc1320
encumberc1330
diseasec1340
grindc1350
distemperc1386
offenda1387
arra1400
avexa1400
derea1400
miscomforta1400
angerc1400
engrievec1400
vex1418
molesta1425
entrouble?1435
destroublea1450
poina1450
rubc1450
to wring (a person) on the mailsc1450
disprofit1483
agrea1492
trouble1515
grig1553
mis-set?1553
nip?1553
grate1555
gripe1559
spitec1563
fike?1572
gall1573
corsie1574
corrosive1581
touch1581
disaccommodate1586
macerate1588
perplex1590
thorn1592
exulcerate1593
plague1595
incommode1598
affret1600
brier1601
to gall or tread on (one's) kibes1603
discommodate1606
incommodate1611
to grate on or upon1631
disincommodate1635
shog1636
ulcerate1647
incommodiate1650
to put (a person) out of his (her, etc.) way1653
discommodiate1654
discommode1657
ruffle1659
regrate1661
disoblige1668
torment1718
pesta1729
chagrin1734
pingle1740
bothera1745
potter1747
wherrit1762
to tweak the nose of1784
to play up1803
tout1808
rasp1810
outrage1818
worrit1818
werrit1825
buggerlug1850
taigle1865
get1867
to give a person the pip1881
to get across ——1888
nark1888
eat1893
to twist the tail1895
dudgeon1906
to tweak the tail of1909
sore1929
to put up1930
wouldn't it rip you!1941
sheg1943
to dick around1944
cheese1946
to pee off1946
to honk off1970
to fuck off1973
to tweak (a person's or thing's) tail1977
to tweak (a person's or thing's) nose1983
to wind up1984
to dick about1996
to-teen-
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > affect with type of pain [verb (transitive)] > affect with anguish or torment
tintreghec1175
torment1297
raimc1300
pinse?c1335
grindc1350
sowa1352
pang1520
rack1562
torture1598
throea1616
pincer1620
excruciate1623
thumbscrew1771
absolute.
c1350 Med. MS. in Archaeologia 30 353 Ȝif in mannys body vermys grynde Take mylfoly.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iv. i. 256 Goe, charge my Goblins that they grinde their ioynts With dry Convultions.
1698 M. Lister in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 246 A paining Grief towards the bottom of their Bellies, which did grind and torment them with Pain and Trouble.
1735 W. Somervile Chace iii. 423 All the Pangs that grind thy Soul, In Rapture and in sweet Oblivion lost.
1879 W. D. Howells Lady of Aroostook vii After all, it does grind me to have lost that money!
1884 W. D. Howells Rise Silas Lapham ix. 167 That's what grinds me... Why should we wait for them to make the advances?
Categories »
b. U.S. (College slang). To satirize severely; make a jest of ( Cent. Dict.).
c. colloquial. To be a ‘grind’ (see grind n.1 2) to, to fag.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (transitive)]
wearyc897
tirea1000
travailc1300
forwearya1325
taryc1375
tarc1440
matec1450
break1483
labour1496
overwearya1500
wear?1507
to wear out, forth1525
fatigate1535
stress1540
overtire1558
forwaste1563
to tire out1563
overwear1578
spend1582
out-tire1596
outwear1596
outweary1596
overspend1596
to toil out1596
attediate1603
bejade1620
lassate1623
harassa1626
overtask1628
tax1672
hag1674
trash1685
hatter1687
overtax1692
fatigue1693
to knock up1740
tire to death1740
overfatigue1741
fag1774
outdo1776
to do over1789
to use up1790
jade1798
overdo1817
frazzlea1825
worry1828
to sew up1837
to wear to death1840
to take it (also a lot, too much, etc.) out of (a person)1847
gruel1850
to stump up1853
exhaust1860
finish1864
peter1869
knacker1886
grind1887
tew1893
crease1925
poop1931
raddle1951
1887 T. B. Reed Dog with Bad Name xix ‘Will you come?’.. ‘I've never been up a mountain in winter before. We shall get a splendid view. Sure it won't grind you?’
4. To produce by grinding.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > milling or grinding > grind corn [verb (transitive)] > produce by grinding
grinda1382
mill1511
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xlvii. 2 Tac a grind ston, or queerne stoon, and grind me mele.
a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 14 Floure of ryce þou grynd also.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. xlvii. A Thou shalt bringe forth the querne, & grynede meel.
1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον v. 255 There was meale that morning to be fetcht from the mill, which was grinded by that time.
1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. xx. 145 With aching heart and trembling knees their meal Grinding continual.
1897 A. D. Ramsay Everyday Life Turkey ii. 47 Each household grinds its own flour.
5. To wear down by friction so as to make sharp or smooth.figurative.c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lxiv. 10 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 71 For tongues they beare, not tongues, but swordes, So piercing sharp they haue them ground.1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets cx. sig. G3v Mine appetite I neuermore will grin'de On newer proofe, to trie an older friend. View more context for this quotationfigurative.1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1779 II. 289 [Johnson:] To be contradicted, in order to force you to talk, is mighty unpleasing. You shine, indeed; but it is by being ground.† c. Used for: to file down (teeth). Obsolete. rare.
a. To sharpen the edge or point of (a tool, a weapon); to have axes to grind: see axe n.1 Phrases 2. Also with complement, and up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > sharpness of edge or point > sharpen (a thing) [verb (transitive)]
whetc897
grind13..
sharpa1340
slipe1390
pointa1425
strake1483
sharpen1530
whetten1582
preacuate1623
slitea1800
13.. K. Alis. 5872 With his swerd, sharp y-grounde, He yaf many a dedly wounde.
c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) i. cxvii. 61 Þe haubergeoun, which was of so strong a shap þat, for no wepene ygrounden, þer was neuere mayl ybroken.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 520 Axis that weill grundyn [1489 Adv. groundyn] wer.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xiiiv This hoke wolde be well steeled & grounde sharp.
1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles ii. 63 I haue ground the Axe my selfe, Doe but you strike the blowe. View more context for this quotation
1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xi. 193 The edges of these Flat Chissels are not ground to such a Basil as the Joyners Chissels are.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 108 The bristled Boar..New grinds his arming Tusks. View more context for this quotation
1827 D. Johnson Sketches Indian Field Sports (ed. 2) 294 His tusks he is grinding to give us some play.
1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge iv. 261 I'll grind up all the tools.
b. To smooth the surface of (glass, etc.) by friction. Also to grind in: to smooth the surface of (a machine part) by moving it to and fro against the surface with which it is to fit or mate; esp. to make (a valve in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine) fit smoothly and tightly into its seat by rotating it to and fro against the seat with a suitable abrasive paste; occasionally to grind (a valve) in (also into, on to) (its seat).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > smoothness > make smooth [verb (transitive)] > by grinding
grind1651
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with glass > work with glass [verb (transitive)] > specific processes
blow1589
grind1651
centre1688
muff1877
muffle1908
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > perform general or industrial manufacturing processes [verb (transitive)] > smooth surface
planish1622
strip1831
surface1837
grind1888
1651 J. French Art Distillation i. 6 The stopple of Glass ground very smooth.
1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall Proem 10 To the inward tapering Orifice of this Ring..are exquisitely ground the sides of the Brass stopple.
1678 S. Butler Ladies Answer to Knight in Hudibras: Third Pt. 277 How Dul and Rugged, 'ere 'tis Ground, And Polish'd looks a Diamond?
1704 I. Newton Opticks i. i. 78 Good Workmen who can grind and polish Glasses truly spherical.
1832 G. R. Porter Treat. Manuf. Porcelain & Glass 201 The labour bestowed in grinding and polishing their surfaces.
1837 N. Whittock et al. Compl. Bk. Trades (1842) 353 The Optician executes very little more of the work than fitting in the glasses, after these are grinded.
1888 Sci. Amer. 28 Apr. 258/2 To secure perfect smoothness in motion, each rack and pinion is ‘ground in’.
1895 Boy's Own Paper XVII. 350/3 To make the valves fit tight you should grind them in their seating with a little fine emery and oil.
1903 R. J. Mecredy Dict. Motoring 281 New valves should also be ground on to their seatings.
1905 H. J. Spooner Motors & Motoring 19 Grinding in valves is an operation that had better be left to the trained mechanic.
1916 J. E. Homans Automobile Handbk. xvii. 184 It is necessary in grinding a valve into its seat to place a ball of cotton waste..into the port leading to the combustion space.
1924 A. W. Judge Mod. Motor Cars III. 297 It is usually necessary to grind in the valves whenever the cylinders are decarbonised.
1928 A. W. Judge Car Maintenance 43 After replacing a ground-in valve.
1935 H. Jelley & J. Harrison De Luxe Ford Handbk. xii. 86 It is absolutely essential that each valve is ground into and assembled into the seat from which it was removed.
1935 H. Jelley & J. Harrison De Luxe Ford Handbk. xii. 87 It is always bad practice to grind in a badly pitted valve.
1950 A. W. Judge Motor Vehicle Engine Servicing iv. 55 The valve face..can readily be restored to its original condition by grinding with an abrasive paste on to its seating.
1962 ‘S. Abbey’ Motor-car Maintenance iv. 55 Sooner or later..it will be necessary to remove the cylinder head from the engine to allow.. the valves to be ground-in on their seatings.
1971 B. C. Macdonald Ford Cortina Repairs i. 25 The next step is to grind-in the valves on their seats in the cylinder head.
ΚΠ
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 243 That the Tooth of Usurie be grinded, that it bite not too much.
6.
a. intransitive or absol. To perform the operation of grinding, esp. of preparing meal or flour from grain. Said also of a mill, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > milling or grinding > grind corn [verb (intransitive)]
grindc950
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > milling or grinding > grind corn [verb (transitive)]
grindc1384
mill1511
multure1547
meal1669
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxiv. 41 Tuu wif gegrundon on coernæ [Rushw. twa grindende æt cweorne].
c1000 Ælfric Judges xvi. 21 Þa Philistei..heton hine grindan æt hira handcwyrne.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xxiv. 41 Two wymmen shulen be gryndynge in oo querne.
c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Prol. 389 Who so comth first to Mille, first grynt.
a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 27 Take persole, peletre an oyns, and grynde.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1604 Mylnes full mony, made for to grynde.
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 119 But then it must be a Prudent King, such as is able to Grinde with a Hand-Mill.
a1633 G. Herbert Outlandish Prov. (1640) sig. D2v Gods Mill grinds slow, but sure.
1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 35 To grind in Brazen Fetters under task With this Heav'n-gifted strength. View more context for this quotation
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 123 When one pair [of stones] only is wanted to grind.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. vii. vii. 371 Millers shall grind, or do worse, while their millstones endure.
1846 H. W. Longfellow Aphorisms from F. von Logau Though the mills of God grind slowly, yet they grind exceeding small.
b. transitive. To work (a handmill) so as to grind meal, etc. to grind the coffee mill: (colloquial) to imitate with the hand the action of grinding, by way of contempt (cf. grinder n. 8).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > milling or grinding > grind corn [verb (transitive)] > work a handmill
grind1894
1894 J. T. Fowler in St. Adamnan Vita S. Columbae Introd. 58 And at supper time each..used to grind the quern, but an angel ground for Colum-cille.
7.
a. intransitive. To work as if grinding with a hand-mill; hence, to turn the handle of a barrel organ.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing other instruments > play other instruments [verb (intransitive)] > grind barrel-organ
grind1841
barrel-organ1871
1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xviii. 192 Meanwhile the dog in disgrace ground hard at the organ.
1866 W. D. Howells Venetian Life ii. 28 Habitually came a barrel-organist and ground before the barracks.
1872 C. S. Calverley Fly Leaves 23 Tell me, Grinder, if thou grindest Always, always out of tune.
1887 A. Jessopp Arcady viii. 235 A half-starved organ grinder comes and delights my heart by grinding for half an hour.
b. quasi-transitive. To produce (music) on a hurdy-gurdy or barrel organ. Also with out.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing other instruments > play other instruments [verb (transitive)] > grind barrel-organ
grind1784
1784 R. Bage Barham Downs II. 197 One grinds music upon—I forget the name of the instrument; it is common enough in London.
1805 European Mag. 47 256 Do, my good girls, grind me a pennyworth more of your music.
1868 A. Helps Realmah II. xvii. 283 The polka which the organ-man was grinding out.
1883 Eng. Illustr. Mag. Nov. 91/1 Like a delicious tune ground too often on a barrel-organ.
8. intransitive.
a. To work laboriously and steadily; to toil away at some monotonous task; esp. to study hard. Const. at. Also with away, on.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > study > [verb (intransitive)] > study diligently or hard
porec1387
muzz?1744
sap1830
bone1832
to study up1846
mug1848
grind1855
swot1860
stew1866
swank1890
groise1913
the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > exert oneself or make an effort [verb (intransitive)] > toil > steadily or dully
plod1562
to tug at the (an) oar1612
plot1621
grub1735
grind1855
plough1891
stodge1912
1855 R. Browning Grammarian's Funeral 126 So, with the throttling hands of death at strife, Ground he at grammar.
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. iv. 295 What's the good of grinding on at this rate?
1872 Chambers's Jrnl. 30 Mar. 195/2 Whereas our fellows grind on the river, or in the gymnasium, at the very crisis of the mind.
1881 S. R. Hole Nice i. 2 How often I thought of them when I was grinding at my Latin verses.
b. To ride in a steeplechase. Cf. grind n.1 3a.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > engage in horse racing [verb (intransitive)] > ride in race > in specific type of race
grind1857
steeplechase1883
1857 G. A. Lawrence Guy Livingstone iii. 17 They..would grind over the Vale of the Evenlode..as gaily.. as over the Bullingdon hurdles.
c. To work hard at a subject of study under the direction of a tutor or ‘grinder’.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > study > [verb (intransitive)] > study under tutor or coach
grind1835
coach1848
tutor1900
1835 E. Forbes in G. Wilson & A. Geikie Mem. E. Forbes (1861) vi. 176 I am obliged to ‘grind’..that is, undergo a private examination with an authorized teacher or tutor.
1849 Behrend Let. in Notes & Queries 8th Ser. VII. 183 I was the only man of the 14 who had not been grinding in London, and one poor fellow was rejected who had been two sessions with a grinder.
1861 A. Smith London Med. Student 51 Jones himself has never paid, though he has been grinding some years.
1870 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. (1873) 1st Ser. 308 After grinding with private-tutor Mylius the requisite time, Lessing entered the school of Camenz.
d. transitive. To teach (a subject) in a steady laborious manner; also, to prepare (a pupil) in a subject.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)] > teach (a thing)
to teach a thing971
learnc1175
kena1225
informa1393
showa1400
informc1400
precept?a1475
instruct?1520
to take forth1530
to take out1586
grind1815
society > education > teaching > systematic or formal teaching > [verb (transitive)] > tutor or coach
tutor1592
teacher1619
tutorize1839
pupillize1840
coach1848
grind1859
pony1865
tute1934
1815 [implied in: J. Keble Let. to Coleridge in Mem. (1869) iv. 63 Perhaps when Tom leaves Oxford..we may contrive some gainful grinding [i.e. tutorial] scheme between us. (at grinding n.)].
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lvi. 502 A pack of humbugs, and quacks, that weren't fit to get their living but by grinding Latin and Greek.
1859 G. Wilson & A. Geikie Mem. E. Forbes vi. 180 [Dr. Bennett] undertook to grind him in anatomy and physiology.
9.
a. intransitive. To scrape or rub on or against something; to make a grating noise. Also, to work into or through by means of pressure and friction. Also with adverb.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (intransitive)] > grate
grindOE
grutch1493
frais1513
grate1597
grit1762
rasp1868
grinch1892
crunkle1900
OE Riddle 32 4 Ic seah searo hweorfan, grindan wið greote, giellende faran.
a1225 Juliana (Royal MS.) 56 Grisen him mahen þet sehen hu hit [a wheel] grond [Bodl. MS. gront] in hwet so hit rahte.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3443 Þurth helm & hed hastili to þe brest it grint.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1242 Þurth scheld & scholder þe sharpe spere grint.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 81 Þe grauayl þat on grounde con grynde Wern precious perleȝ of oryente.
1781 Archer in Nav. Chron. XI. 291 Our poor Ship grinding, and crying out at every stroke.
1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. II. 26 We went aground,—grinding, grinding, till the ship trembled in every timber.
1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud i. xi, in Maud & Other Poems 6 The villainous centre-bits Grind on the wakeful ear in the hush of the moonless nights.
1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. vii. 68 How gallantly her broken rocks have protected us from the rolling masses of ice that grind by her.
1924 J. Galsworthy White Monkey i. iii A taxicab ground up.
b. transitive. To rub (one thing) gratingly against or upon (another); to force into by grinding; also quasi-transitive to make (one's way) by grinding.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (transitive)] > rub against or grind
rub1566
fridge1607
grind1644
fray1884
harsh1889
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (transitive)] > rub against or grind > rub one thing against another
ruba1350
risp?1440
confricate1638
grind1644
1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xxxii. 282 He vsed to grind his handes against the walles..in so much, that they would runne with bloud.
1805 W. Wordsworth Waggoner iii. 94 Yet here are we..Grinding through rough and smooth our way.
1820 J. Keats Hyperion: a Fragm. ii, in Lamia & Other Poems 170 Upon the flint He ground severe his skull.
1837 T. Hook Jack Brag II. iii. 125 They ground their way, instep-deep, over the shingles.
1873 Sunday Mag. Feb. 340 He..ground his heel into it as if it had been a viper.
c. To scour (a skin) with pumice-stone, in making it into parchment.
ΚΠ
1860 C. Tomlinson Useful Arts Great Brit., Parchment Manuf. 38 The grain side of the skin is next ground, but without the addition of chalk or lime.
10. † a. intransitive. To gnash with the teeth. Const. at
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > despair, hopelessness > despair [verb (intransitive)] > gnash teeth in despair
grindc1000
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > manifestation of emotion > manifest itself [verb (intransitive)] > gnash teeth
grindc1000
the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > show anger [verb (intransitive)] > gnash or grind the teeth
gristbitec900
grindc1000
gnasta1300
grinta1300
gnacche13..
beatc1360
grunta1400
gristc1460
gnash1496
grash1563
infrendiate1623
crinch1808
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > other manifestations of sorrow > manifest sorrow [verb (intransitive)] > gnash teeth
gristbitec900
grindc1000
gnasta1300
grenta1425
gnash1496
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (intransitive)] > grate > grind or gnash teeth
gristbitec900
grindc1000
gnasta1300
grinta1300
gnacche13..
chirka1387
grenta1425
grunt1426
gristc1460
gnash1496
to crash with the teeth1530
grash1563
granch1736
chark1825
c1000 Ags. Ps. xxxiv. [xxxv.] 19 [16] Hi grundon ofer me mid toðum heard.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 19434 Whenne he had hem tolde þe soþe Þei bigon to grynde wiþ toþe.
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 72/1 The Gentiles grind and gnasht at the Christians with theyr teeth.
1581 Confer. (1584) i. sig. F iv The Deane of Paules..grinded with his teeth for despite.
b. transitive. To rub (the teeth) together with a grating sound. Const. at.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (transitive)] > grate > grind or gnash (teeth)
grind1340
grunta1400
crashc1440
graislea1522
grate1555
jar1568
beat1597
champ1775
grit1797
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > other manifestations of sorrow > manifest sorrow [verb (transitive)] > gnash (teeth)
gnasta1300
crashc1440
grash1563
grind1573
gnash1590
grit1797
1340 [implied in: Ayenb. 265 Þer is wop and grindinge of teþ. (at grinding n.)].
1573 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Job vii. 32 They that taste not of the mercie and grace that God sheweth to men, when he afflicteth them, must nedes grynd their teeth at him.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 119 He grinds his Teeth In his own Flesh. View more context for this quotation
1749 T. Smollett tr. A. R. Le Sage Gil Blas I. i. x. 44 I grinded my teeth.
1820 W. Scott Monastery II. vii. 226 The knight changed colour and grinded his teeth with rage.
1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. xix. 360 Hereward ground his teeth.
c. to grind out: to utter (an oath or the like) while grinding the teeth.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > throatily or harshly
jangle1377
brayc1400
out-braya1561
yawp1567
throttle1582
swoop1605
throat?1611
caw1616
gargle1635
snarl1693
growl1759
croak1791
rasp1877
to grind out1889
grate1921
1889 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms xxix He ground out a red-hot curse betwixt his teeth.
11. intransitive and transitive. To copulate (with).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity [verb (intransitive)] > have sexual intercourse
playOE
to do (also work) one's kindc1225
bedc1315
couple1362
gendera1382
to go togetherc1390
to come togethera1398
meddlea1398
felterc1400
companya1425
swivec1440
japea1450
mellc1450
to have to do with (also mid, of, on)1474
engender1483
fuck?a1513
conversec1540
jostlec1540
confederate1557
coeate1576
jumble1582
mate1589
do1594
conjoin1597
grind1598
consortc1600
pair1603
to dance (a dance) between a pair of sheets1608
commix1610
cock1611
nibble1611
wap1611
bolstera1616
incorporate1622
truck1622
subagitate1623
occupya1626
minglec1630
copulate1632
fere1632
rut1637
joust1639
fanfreluche1653
carnalize1703
screw1725
pump1730
correspond1756
shag1770
hump1785
conjugate1790
diddle1879
to get some1889
fuckeec1890
jig-a-jig1896
perform1902
rabbit1919
jazz1920
sex1921
root1922
yentz1923
to make love1927
rock1931
mollock1932
to make (beautiful) music (together)1936
sleep1936
bang1937
lumber1938
to hop into bed (with)1951
to make out1951
ball1955
score1960
trick1965
to have it away1966
to roll in the hay1966
to get down1967
poontang1968
pork1968
shtup1969
shack1976
bonk1984
boink1985
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity with [verb (transitive)] > have sexual intercourse with
mingeOE
haveOE
knowc1175
ofliec1275
to lie with (or by)a1300
knowledgec1300
meetc1330
beliea1350
yknowc1350
touchc1384
deala1387
dightc1386
usea1387
takec1390
commona1400
to meet witha1400
servea1400
occupy?a1475
engender1483
jangle1488
to be busy with1525
to come in1530
visitc1540
niggle1567
mow1568
to mix one's thigh with1593
do1594
grind1598
pepper1600
yark1600
tumble1603
to taste of1607
compressc1611
jumble1611
mix?1614
consort?1615
tastea1616
bumfiddle1630
ingressa1631
sheet1637
carnal1643
night-work1654
bump1669
bumble1680
frig?c1680
fuck1707
stick1707
screw1719
soil1722
to do over1730
shag1770
hump1785
subagitatec1830
diddle1879
to give (someone) onec1882
charver1889
fuckeec1890
plugc1890
dick1892
to make a baby1911
to know (a person) in the biblical sense1912
jazz1920
rock1922
yentz1924
roll1926
to make love1927
shtupa1934
to give (or get) a tumble1934
shack1935
bang1937
to have it off1937
rump1937
tom1949
to hop into bed (with)1951
ball1955
to make it1957
plank1958
score1960
naughty1961
pull1965
pleasurea1967
to have away1968
to have off1968
dork1970
shaft1970
bonk1975
knob1984
boink1985
fand-
1598 [see grinding n. at Derivatives].
1647 H. Neville Ladies Parl. (Wing N508) sig. C2 Digbies Lady takes it ill, That her Lord grinds not at her mill.
1811 Lexicon Balatronicum To grind, to have carnal knowledge of a woman.
1879–80 Pearl (1970) 258 A married man grinding another man's wife.
1928 D. H. Lawrence Lady Chatterley's Lover xiv. 243 She had to work the thing hers[e]lf, grind her own coffee.
Compounds
ΚΠ
1598 E. Guilpin Skialetheia vi. sig. E2v As soone disioynt His grind-iest chaps as hurt our credites.
grind-organ n. a barrel organ.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > musical box > [noun] > barrel-organ
hand organ1721
street organ1769
barrel organ1772
music box1773
grinding-organ1801
panharmonicon1811
flute-organ1828
orchestrino1838
orchestrion1838
organ1841
piano organ1842
autophone1850
grind-organ1888
1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 9 Apr. 2/1 There was at Torquay the usual man with the grind-organ.
Derivatives
ˈgrinding n. slang.
ΚΠ
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Macinio, the grinding or greest. Also taken for carnall copulation.]
1966 I. Jefferies House-surgeon ix. 162 Rob, what do you think about grinding..? I know it's time-wasting but it's so difficult to do without it.
Draft additions 1993
intransitive. To dance erotically by gyrating or rotating the hips. Cf. grind n.1 5. slang (originally U.S.).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > erotic dancing > [verb (intransitive)]
wind1790
wine1928
bump and grind1941
grind1942
belly-dance1959
wuk1973
1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §594/9 Do a hip dance,..grind.
1945 Drake & Cayton Black Metropolis xxi. 610 They will ‘dance on the dime’ and ‘grind’ around the juke-box.
1963 A. Baraka Blues People viii. 116 Hundreds of dancers would crowd into the ‘blue light’ parties to ‘grind’ or ‘slow-drag’ or ‘belly-rub’.
1974 H. L. Foster Ribbin', Jivin', & Playin' Dozens v. 195 One of her male students approached her and asked, ‘You wanna grind?’ (The grind is a slow sensual dance. The couple dancing barely move anything but their pelvises in a grinding motion.)
1989 D. Koontz Midnight ii. xii. 247 She began to sway and pump and grind.
Draft additions January 2011
transitive and intransitive. In skateboarding: to slide along (a curb, rail, etc.) on one or both of the trucks. Also used with reference to similar manoeuvres in snowboarding, in-line skating, etc. Cf. grind n.1 Additions.
ΚΠ
1988 Sunday Oregonian (Portland, Oregon) 14 Aug. (Northwest Suppl.) 5/2 So first you ‘ollie’ that..and then you grind the edge of the sidewalk for a ways and come off and carve down the street.
1995 Inline July 48/2 Miller is a very talented skater. As a matter of fact, he can launch and grind with the best of them.
1999 Unity July 70/3 When he turned up at the skate park he couldn't even grind or drop-in.
2002 J. Weyland Answer is Never xii. 180 If you feel radical when you grind a curb, then, by golly, you are radical.
2003 Read 19 Dec. 28 On the snowboard, White can weave, carve, spin, bone, and grind better than most.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
† grindv.2
Obsolete.
intransitive. Of the sun, etc.: To set, go down.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > sun > solar movement > move [verb (intransitive)] > set
nipeeOE
grindc1050
to go to gladec1200
settlea1375
fall?c1400
shaftc1400
rebash1481
to go to1584
sinka1586
welk1590
wave1592
verge1610
sit1621
western1858
c1050 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 389/37 Descendens, gryndende.
c1315 Shoreham 137 The sonne and monne and many sterren By easte aryseth..By weste hy grendeth..And cometh aȝen ther hy a-ryse.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
grindv.3
Nautical.
(See quot. 1794.)
ΚΠ
1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship II. 288 A cable generally grinds or kinks from more turns being forced into it..than it had when first made.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2018).
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n.1c1200
n.21615n.31794n.41883
v.1c950
v.2c1050v.31794