gripn.¹

Brit.

/ɡrɪp/, U.S.

/ɡrɪp/

Forms: Old English gripe, gripa, Middle English–1600s Scottish plural grippis, 1500s–1600s grippe, 1700s gripp, Middle English– grip.

Etymology: Two formations: (1) Old English gripe strong masculine, grasp, clutch, corresponding to Old High German grif- , in combination (Middle High German grif , modern German griff ) grasp, handle, claw, etc., Old Norse grip-r possession, property; (2) Old English gripa handful, sheaf; both < root of gripe n.¹ Old Norse had also grip neuter, grasp, clutch (Swedish grepp, Danish greb). In some senses, the noun may be a modern new formation from the verb. The instances of the word in the 15–17th centuries are chiefly Scotch, while examples in the 18th cent. are very rare.

a. Firm hold or grasp; the action of gripping, grasping, or clutching; esp. the tight or strained grasp of the hand upon an object (cf. handgrip n.); also, grasping power.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > [noun] > possession and control > possession and power or clutches

gripOE

handgripOE

crook?c1225

fist1297

fangera1300

holtc1375

in one's clawsc1386

clutcha1529

handgripe1534

clamps1548

clums1567

clamsa1569

embracement1599

pounce1614

embracea1627

the world > movement > absence of movement > hold or holding > [noun] > firmness of hold > grip or grasp

gripOE

handgripOE

holtc1375

cleeka1400

handfast1540

handy-gripe1542

handigrip1579

gripple1596

fang1597

grasp1609

clutch1785

death grip1792

OE Beowulf 1148 Siþðan grimne gripe Guðlaf ond Oslaf æfter sæsiðe sorge mændon.

c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 158/16 Pugillus, se gripe ðære hand.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7620 Þa Hengest hine igrap mid grimmen his gripen.

1423 Kingis Quair clxxi ‘Now hald thy grippis’, quod sche, ‘for thy tyme’.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 414 Thir four ilkane out of his grippis flang.

1650 J. Row & J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 331 Taking a grip of the table to help him~self up.

a1651 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) II. 314 Fadownside bendeth backe his middle finger, so that for paine he was forced to forgoe his grippe.

1820 P. B. Shelley Vision of Sea in Prometheus Unbound 176 Twin tygers..have driven..The deep grip of their claws through the vibrating plank. [Cf. I. 143 the gripe of the tiger.]

1828 W. Scott Diary Jan. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1838) VII. iii. 112 Grip and accuracy of step have altogether failed me.

1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge lix. 279 He grasped a little hand that sought in vain to free itself from his gripe.

1859 J. Lang Wanderings in India 263 The hawk..was just about to give the minar a blow and a grip.

1871 W. H. Dixon Tower III. i. 2 His grip on sword and rein was close and tight.

1871 L. Stephen Playground of Europe (1894) vi. 147 The insecure grip of one toe on a slippery bit of ice.

1877 W. Black Green Pastures (1878) xxx. 240 His hands keeping a tight grip of about a dozen umbrellas.

1885 Athenæum 23 May 661/1 The horrors of the bear's grip.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 86 In..rheumatoid arthritis the grip of the hands should be regularly measured.

1898 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Sept. 380/1 That tide had the grip of an ice-floe.

b. More particularly, of one hand grasping another; sometimes said with reference to the mode of grasping used as a means of mutual recognition by members of a secret society, such as the freemasons.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > personal identification > [noun] > type of grip

grip1786

1786 R. Burns Poems 59 Masons' mystic word an' grip.

1820 W. Scott Abbot I. vii. 149 Give us a grip of your hand, man, for auld lang syne.

1857 ‘C. Bede’ Mr. Verdant Green Married x. 80 It all at once occurred to Billy to give him the masonic grip.

1860 Ld. Tennyson Sea Dreams 159 I found a hard friend in his loose accounts, A loose one in the hard grip of his hand.

1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 159/2 Good Templary is the freemasonry of temperance with ritual, passwords, grips, &c., closely modelled on those of the old secret societies.

c. at grips = to be at handgrips at handgrip n. 1: in close combat; hand to hand with. Similarly, to come to grips: to come to close quarters. in grips: in custody.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > contend [verb (intransitive)] > engage in hostile encounter

counter1330

encounter1555

to come to grips1640

to come to gripesa1645

buckle?1650

to lock horns (also antlers)1850

face1922

society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > arrest > under arrest [phrase] > in custody

in grips1818

society > society and the community > dissent > fighting > [phrase] > at close quarters

hand to hand?a1400

at hand1565

to meet at hard edge1591

close quarters1809

at grips1857

corps à corps1890

1640 S. Rutherford Lett. (1894) ccxciv. 593 When ye come to grips with death, the king of terrors.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian v, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 109 You and I will..see him in grips or we are done wi' him.

1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days (1871) ii. iii. 248 At grips with self and the devil.

1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona iv. 43 I saw we were come to grips at last.

1895 Sat. Rev. 21 Sept. 366/2 The British farmer..is now at grips with world-wide competition.

†d. An opportunity for seizing. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 607 We may our grippis waill.

2. figurative.

a. Firm or tenacious hold, grasp, or control; power, mastery (now esp. associated with the idea of oppression or irresistible force). †Formerly also plural as to fasten one's grips on, let go one's grips, etc. Also to get (or take) a grip on (oneself), to get to grips with (something).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [noun] > control and possession

wieldnesseOE

fathomOE

waldOE

wieldOE

wieldingOE

woldc1275

grip1508

gripe1532

graspa1616

the world > health and disease > mental health > be sane [verb (intransitive)] > become sane

uncloud1793

sanify1836

to get (or take) a grip on (oneself)1895

the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)] > begin an action or fall to doing something > resolutely or vigorously

to sit in1736

strap1823

to get down1826

tackle1841

to buckle down (to)1865

to bite on1904

to wade into1904

to get stuck into1910

to get one's teeth into1935

to sink one's teeth into1935

to get stuck in1938

to get to grips with1947

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. dii Al the gretest Of gomys that grip has..Of baronis and burowis [etc.].

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. b In his grippis and ye gane He wald ourcum yow ilk ane.

1567 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. v. 40 Gif ȝe lat ga that is in ȝour grippis.

1600 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (Bannatyne Club) II. 283 I cair nocht for all the land I hew in this kingdome, incase I get a grip of Dirleton.

1604 M. Drayton Owle sig. G3 Let these weake Birds..Submit to those that are of grip and might.

1632 S. Rutherford Let. 9 Mar. (1848) xxiii. 49 Loose your grips of them all [fears].

a1732 T. Boston Crook in Lot (1805) 127 Fasten your grips on the other world, and let your grip of this go.

1832 J. W. Croker in Croker Papers 9 Nov. (1884) II Promoting a subscription to purchase Abbotsford..out of the grip of creditors.

1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. xv. 139 The clutching old man had lost his grip on life.

1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xviii. 213 Perhaps no other religion..holds its votaries clutched in such a paralysing grip.

1894 J. Knight D. Garrick i. 7 The grip of poverty is everywhere apparent.

1895 Harper's Nov. 962/1 My dear boy, get a grip on yourself... I won't bite you.

1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 627 In the grip of malarial fever, on his way to the grave.

1898 J. Caird Univ. Serm. 94 The iron grip of long unresisted habits.

1929 W. Faulkner Sound & Fury 174 My throat wouldn't quit trying to laugh, like retching after your stomach is empty. ‘Whoa, now,’ Anse said. ‘Get a grip on yourself.’

1947 Sci. News 4 7 They [sc. readers] have to translate his article into understandable language before they can get to grips with its actual subject matter.

1950 R. Ackland Before Party in Plays of Year 1949 611 Don't be such a foolish woman... Sit down and take a grip on yourself.

1955 Times 25 July 5/4 What we have now agreed makes it possible to get to grips with the twin problems of the unity of Germany and the security of Europe.

1967 S. Beckett No's Knife 52 Come now, come now, he said, get a grip on yourself, be a man.

b. Intellectual or mental hold; power to apprehend or master a subject. to lose one's grip (cf. lose v.¹ 3d).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > fail or be unsuccessful [verb (intransitive)] > fail to maintain a level of achievement

to lose one's grip1861

slip1930

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > intellectual command, mastery > [noun]

gropeOE

sciencea1387

mastery1585

mastership1612

grasp1683

grip1861

masterhood1869

1635 D. Dickson Short Explan. Hebrewes vi. 19. 110 And nowe hee showeth the stabilitie of the grippe which the Believer taketh of these groundes, in the similitude of the grippe which a Shippes Ancre taketh, beeing casten on good ground.]

1861 G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner I. 309 His brain does not retain with the sure grip it once did.

1875 J. Miller First Fam'lies Sierras (1876) 246 Lost my ‘grip’.., didn't have any ‘snap’ any more.

1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 20 Feb. 4/1 It [a play] lacks colour, stamina, in short, the indefinable something known as ‘grip’.

1885 Manch. Examiner 28 Jan. 3/4 An essay..singularly deficient both in intellectual grip and literary charm.

1894 A. Conan Doyle Sherlock Holmes 3 I have a grip of the essential facts of the case.

1894 ‘M. Twain’ Pudd'nhead Wilson xx. 273 Come, cheer up, old man; there's no use in losing your grip.

1968 Times Lit. Suppl. 8 Feb. 122/5 His work after the war shows a steady decline.., until he seems to have lost his grip altogether.

c. That quality in a beverage which gives it a ‘hold’ on the palate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > [noun] > quality of having taste

savourc1450

sapidity1646

sapidness1649

grip1892

the world > food and drink > drink > types or qualities of beverage > [noun] > quality of holding the palate

grip1892

1892 J. M. Walsh Tea 98 The commoner grades [of Basket-fired tea] are..lacking in ‘grip’ and flavor.

1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Romance 167 These Bush drinkers..had a decided leaning towards flavour and grip.

3. A seizure or twinge of pain; a spasm.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > [noun] > sudden pain

stitchc1000

showera1300

shutea1300

gridea1400

gripa1400

shota1400

stounda1400

lancing1470

pang1482

twitch?1510

shooting1528

storm1540

stitching1561

stub1587

twinge1608

gird1614

twang1721

tang1724

shoot1756

darting1758

writhe1789

catch1830

lightning pain1860

twitcher1877

rash1900

a1400–50 Alexander 544 For þe aire nowe & þe elementis ere..So trauailid out of temperoure & troubild of þat sone, Þat makis þi grippis and þi gridis a grete dele þe kenere.

a1577 G. Gascoigne Princelie Pleasures Kenelworth sig. B.iii^v, in Whole Wks. (1587) I feele great grips of greefe, Which bruse my brest.

c1600 A. Montgomerie Poems (2000) I. 87 Sik gredie grippis I feell.

1786 R. Burns Poems 28 Colic-grips, an' barkin hoast, May kill us a'.

1840 Lady C. M. C. Bury Hist. Flirt iv ‘Grips, Mr. Ellis! what sort of disorder is that?’ ‘A little hacking in my throat, which causes difficulty in breathing’.

4. As much as can be seized in the hand; a handful. to lie in grip: (of corn) to lie as it is left by the reapers. Obsolete exc. dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > amount defined by capacity > [noun] > amount that fills part of body > hand

handfuleOE

gripc1000

hand-lifting1362

nieveful?a1425

gripe1570

maniple1598

fistful1611

fascicule1699

gripeful1727

palmful1812

lift1871

mittful1918

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest [verb (intransitive)] > lie unbound

to lie on the gavel?1611

to lie in grip1621

c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 136 Genim þysse ylcan wyrte godne gripan.

c1000 Ags. Ps. cxxvi[i]. 6 Berende gripan heora [L. portantes manipulos suos].

1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. 19 Romulus..vsed Fasciculos fæni, that is to saie, a grippe or knitche of hay bound together at the ende of a long staffe.

1621 R. Montagu Diatribæ Hist. Tithes Introd. 106 Tithe in Sheafe, in Shocke, in Grippe, in Ridge, or at the Lumpe.

1621 R. Montagu Diatribæ Hist. Tithes ii. 301 While it [Corne] lay in grip, or in shock, or in sheafe.

1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husb. 178 The wheat after it is cut and lies in gripp, does not lie so exposed for the sun and wind to dry the gripps after being fogged with wet.

1739 J. Tull Horse-hoeing Husb. (1740) 213 To make up the Grips [of Barley or Oats] into little Heaps by Hands.

1807 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. (new ed.) II. 193 They are usually reaped with the Sickle, and laid in thin grips or reaps.

1842 J. Y. Akerman Gloss. Provinc. Words Wilts. (at cited word) A grip of wheat is the handful grasped in reaping.

5. Something which grips or clips.

a. Scottish. An ear-ring.

ΚΠ

a1800 Bonny J. Seton xiii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1890) IV. vii. 53 They cutted the grips out o his ears, Took out the gowd signots.

b. In various technical applications; e.g. a device on a cable car by which the car is attached to and freed from the cable; a tooth or hooked device on the barrel of a rifle, pistol, etc., to secure it to the stock while firing; the narrow part of the bore of a rifled cannon, immediately in front of the shot-chamber; in boat-construction (see quot. 1857).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > clutching or gripping equipment > [noun]

grapple1571

clamp1688

grip1857

gripper1857

grab1865

grapnel1875

1857 P. M. Colquhoun Compan. Oarsman's Guide 30 Knees are angular pieces of wood placed perpendicularly in various parts..but where lateral, they are termed grips, as ‘transom grips’.

1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 194 Lefaucheux's first gun had but a single grip,..leaving that part unsecured that received the greatest force of the explosion,..Many methods were tried to remedy this evil, one of the best being the double-grip action.

1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 29 Sept. 6/2 Through this slit works the plate connecting the moving body above with what is termed the ‘grip’ on the cable beneath.

1887 J. B. Smith Treat. Cable or Rope Traction 100 Immediately the cars are taken on to the road, the cable is pulled or guided into the ‘grips’.

c. A hair-grip.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > implements used in styling the hair > [noun] > pin

bodkin1580

skewer1771

hairpin1818

barrette1901

prong pin1902

pin curler1921

kirby grip1926

bobby pin1936

grip1960

1960 C. Storr Marianne & Mark xi, 144 I want two cards of grips and a set of rollers.

6. That which is gripped or grasped.

a. The handle of a sword; the part of the handle gripped by the hand.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > parts of tools generally > [noun] > handle

handleeOE

helvec897

haftc1000

steal1377

start1380

handa1400

helmc1430

handlinga1450

pull1551

grasp1561

hilt1574

cronge1577

hold1578

tab1607

manubrium1609

tree1611

handfast1638

stock1695

handing1703

gripe1748

stem1796

handhold1797

grip1867

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > side arms > sword > [noun] > hilt of sword

hiltOE

port1548

grip1867

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Grip, the handle of a sword.

1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. IV 402 His blanched and unused hand Clutched the spoiled grip of his once trusty blade.

1884 R. F. Burton Bk. of Sword vii. 124 The grip is the outer case of the tang.

1894 C. N. Robinson Brit. Fleet 509 All officers..were to have black grips to their swords.

b. In a rifle, pistol, etc.: that part of the stock which is held by the hand and is roughened to make the grasp firmer. (Cf. Dutch greep.)

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > stock or shaft > parts of

shaft1626

side plate1680

pistol hand1702

club1720

heel plate1753

break-off1804

shoulder-butt1810

pistol-butt1814

rifle butt1826

pistol grip1841

nose cap1844

trap1844

trap-plate1844

receiver1851

bump1852

furniture1852

bend1859

comb1867

fore-end1881

furniture-pin1881

grip1881

1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 248 Good gun-stocks must be..straight in the grain at the grip and head of the gun.

1899 Pall Mall Mag. Jan. 136 My fingers touched the roughened horn of the grip [of the pistol].

c. The part of the handle in any implement covered with indiarubber, leather, etc. to make the grasp firmer. Also, the cover itself.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > parts of tools generally > [noun] > handle > part of handle

nib1656

neb1677

handgrip1844

grip1886

1886 St. Nicholas Mag. July 658 Holding the rod by the ‘grip’, the part of the butt wound with silk or rattan to assist the grasp.

1890 Gloss. in H. G. Hutchinson et al. Golf (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 446 Grip, the part of the handle covered with leather by which the club is grasped.

1891 Cyclist 25 Feb. 153 The handles are brought well back, and fitted with elliptical horn grips.

7. U.S. A scene-shifter.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > the staging of a theatrical production > people concerned with theatrical productions > [noun] > person in charge of scenery > scene-shifter

scene-drawer1699

scene man1700

shifter1711

scene-shifter1724

scenist1790

grip1888

1888 Scribner's Mag. 4 444/2 Meanwhile the ‘grips’, as the scene-shifters are called, have hold of the side scenes ready to shove them on.

1961 A. Berkman Singers' Gloss. Show Business Jargon 26 Grip, stage hand, especially one who works on the stage floor.

1965 J. Von Sternberg Fun in Chinese Laundry (1966) viii. 191 Grip and Property Man..$100.

1967 H. Harrison Technicolor Time Machine (1968) ix. 92 One of the grips brought out a baby spot and plugged it in for light.

8. colloquial. Short for:

a. grip-car n. at Compounds U.S.

ΚΠ

1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 11 Dec. 2/2 ‘Will you take the grip?’ is equivalent to ‘Will you take the cable tramway?’

b. gripsack n. originally U.S.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > a journey > [noun] > luggage > travelling bag > hand-held

mailc1275

clothesack1393

cloak-bagc1540

portmanteau1553

valance?a1562

pockmanty1575

cap-case1577

cloak-bearer1580

night baga1618

valisea1630

toilet1656

Roger1665

shirt case1823

weekend case1827

carpet-bag1830

holdall1851

handbag1859

suitcase1873

sample case1875

gripsack1877

case1879

grip1879

Gladstone (bag)1882

traveller1895

vanity-case1913

luggage1915

revelation1923

two-suiter1923

overnight bag1925

one-suiter1933

suiter1933

overnight case1934

Samsonite1939

flight bag1943

Pullman1946

grip-bag1958

overnighter1959

carry-on1960

Vuitton1975

go bag1991

1879 Chicago Tribune 7 Mar. 9/5 At Cherokee I stepped from the train, took my ‘grip’, and began in earnest the life of a pilgrim.

1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 11 Dec. 2/2 The word ‘grip-sack’..contracted to ‘grip’, has come to be applied to other articles of luggage [than the hand-satchel].

1894 Outing 24 442/2 I..had stowed my guncase and grip where they would be least in the way.

1926 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 14 July 5/6 Experienced travellers in all countries always take a bottle of ENO in their grip to offset changes of water and diet.

1928 W. Gillette Astounding Crime Torrington Rd. v. 282 ‘Want anything from the hotel—toilet articles—clothing—tobacco?’ ‘Thanks—I've got 'em outside in a grip.’

1960 J. Betjeman Summoned by Bells vii. 66 Clutching a leather grip Containing things for the first night of term.

1965 G. McInnes Road to Gundagai xii. 207 I toted my grip all the way back.

9. (See quot. 1916.) Australian.

ΚΠ

1906 E. Dyson Fact'ry 'Ands xviii. 243 I had t' do it 'r resign me grip on ther spot.

1916 C. J. Dennis Songs Sentimental Bloke (new ed.) 123 Grip, occupation, employment.

1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 32 Grip, a job, regular employment.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations (in some instances perhaps of the stem of grip v.¹).

grip-bag n. = gripsack n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > a journey > [noun] > luggage > travelling bag > hand-held

mailc1275

clothesack1393

cloak-bagc1540

portmanteau1553

valance?a1562

pockmanty1575

cap-case1577

cloak-bearer1580

night baga1618

valisea1630

toilet1656

Roger1665

shirt case1823

weekend case1827

carpet-bag1830

holdall1851

handbag1859

suitcase1873

sample case1875

gripsack1877

case1879

grip1879

Gladstone (bag)1882

traveller1895

vanity-case1913

luggage1915

revelation1923

two-suiter1923

overnight bag1925

one-suiter1933

suiter1933

overnight case1934

Samsonite1939

flight bag1943

Pullman1946

grip-bag1958

overnighter1959

carry-on1960

Vuitton1975

go bag1991

1958 Listener 17 July 107/2 Take, if you can, an extra grip-bag—a canvas one.

1963 T. Parker Unknown Citizen i. 22 In one hand he carried a blue grip-bag, like those sometimes used by airline passengers.

grip-brake n. a brake worked by gripping with the hand.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > parts and equipment of cycles > brakes

grip-brake1885

plunger brake1892

plunger1907

side pull1972

1885 Cyclists' Touring Club Gaz. IV. 136 The grip brake in our ‘Club’ tandem.

grip-car n. U.S. a tramcar worked by means of a grip (see 5b) on an endless cable driven by a stationary engine, a cable-car.

ΚΠ

1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 11 Dec. 2/2 The appliances for attaching and detaching the cars from the cable being called the ‘grip’, and the car in which it is operated a ‘grip-car’.

1889 Advance (Chicago) 7 Mar. 188 Whistles of engines..and the gong of grip-cars.

grip-grass n. dialect the plant Cleavers, Galium Aparine.

ΚΠ

1862 C. P. Johnson Useful Plants Great Brit. 136 Our English word Cleavers,..and the Scotch ‘Grip-grass’, have been given from the same cause.

grip-knob n. a contrivance for holding an article when being turned in a lathe.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine tool > lathe > [noun] > part holding work

mandrel1664

chock1665

pike1680

centre plate1717

carrier1733

chuck1806

screw chuck1827

grip-knob1833

faceplate1837

surface chuck1842

jaw-chuck1874

turning-carrier1877

screw worm chuck1881

steady1885

roller steady1911

1833 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal II. 135 The concentric circles of perforations, and the four grooves..admit of the insertion of grip-knobs..so that the article to be turned may be held in any situation.

grip-lug n. a lug to grip or hold fast (a handle).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > parts of tools generally > [noun] > handle > of other shapes

handstaff1440

brace1592

potent1688

crutch1831

grip-lug1891

baluster handle1956

pistol grip1972

1891 Cyclist 25 Feb. 153 A grip-lug serves to secure the handlebar within the steering post.

grip-man n. the man who manipulates the grip of a cable-car.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > public passenger transport > [noun] > public transport employees > operator of cable-car grip

grip-man1886

1886 Science 24 Sept. 275 The driver, or grip-man, then opened the valve admitting air to the engine.

1891 Daily News 13 June 2/3 Each car, being manned by a ‘gripman’ in front and a conductor behind.

grip-pedal n. a pedal designed to prevent the foot from slipping.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > parts and equipment of cycles > pedals and parts

pedal1845

grip treadle1881

toe-strap1884

grip-pedal1885

rat trap1887

treadle1887

toe-clip1895

bear trap1984

1885 Cyclists' Touring Club Gaz. IV. 309 Would not rat-trap or patent grip pedals be safer than the feet-straps now in use?

grip-pulley n. (a) a form of grip on a cable-car using the principle of the pulley (Funk's Stand. Dict.); (b) (see quot. 1894).

ΚΠ

1886 Appletons' Ann. Cycl. 1885 122/2 It was not until 1870 that the first patent for a grip-pulley was issued to Andrew S. Hallidie, of San Francisco.

1894 D. K. Clark Tramways (ed. 2) 556 The clutch communicates the motion of the countershaft to the grip pulley, the pulley which moves the cable.

grip-slot n. a slot in the track through and along which the shank of the gripping apparatus of a cable-car passes.

ΚΠ

1887 J. B. Smith Treat. Cable or Rope Traction 100 bb represents the ‘grip slots’.

grip treadle n. an early name for grip-pedal n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > parts and equipment of cycles > pedals and parts

pedal1845

grip treadle1881

toe-strap1884

grip-pedal1885

rat trap1887

treadle1887

toe-clip1895

bear trap1984

1881 Advt. The fastest times on record will be made with..grip treadles.

Draft additions 1993

e. Chiefly Sport. The manner or style in which one grasps or holds something, esp. a tennis racket, golf club, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > [noun] > instrument for hitting ball > manner of holding

grip1890

1890 H. G. Hutchinson in H. G. Hutchinson et al. Golf (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) iv. 81 Certain points may be noted about the grip, but it is a mistake, in striving after a prescribed fashion, to work the hands into a position of discomfort.

1921 A. Kirkaldy Fifty Yrs. Golf viii. 153 His grip is according to the old-fashioned St. Andrews style—no over-lapping, no interlocking, or other contraption.

1931 Punch 18 Mar. 281 (caption) ‘My hat! Suppose Phoebe gives me the baby to nurse; I'm sure I shan't know how to hold it.’ ‘Don't be an ass; it's just the same grip as for a cocktail-shaker.’

1951 B. Harman & K. Monroe Use your Head in Tennis v. 45 For the overhead slice serve, take hold of your racket in the eastern grip.

1966 Mills & Butler Mod. Badminton iii. 28 The fundamental of any racket game is a correct grip... ‘Grip’ should not be taken literally,..your hold should be firm, but not a tight grasp.

1989 P. Janeczko Brickyard Summer iii. 23 Aunt Clare..demonstrated The proper placement of a napkin, The correct grip on a knife when cutting.

Draft additions December 2003

Originally U.S. A technician in a film or television crew who handles production equipment on the set; spec. one who manipulates the camera dolly.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > filming unit or team > [noun] > others involved in filming

director of photography1916

grip1918

continuity writer1921

script girl1922

gaffer1926

production manager1927

best boy1931

production assistant1932

continuity girl1933

titler1933

clapper-boy1937

AD1957

1918 Photoplay Mar. 20 Actors, extra men, grips, electricians, cameramen, etc.

1947 Harper's Mag. Oct. 384/1 For two and a half hours we sat in those canvas-and-wood directors' chairs, our view obstructed by lights, baffles, technicians, ‘grips’, and the enormous technicolour camera.

1968 G. Vidal Myra Breckinridge viii. 26 The director says, ‘O.K., print it,’ and the grips prepare for another setup.

2000 Independent 9 June ii. 9/3 Dolly,..a mobile camera platform mounted on wheels and generally pushed about by a crew member (a dolly grip) rather than propelled by motor.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

gripn.²

Brit.

/ɡrɪp/, U.S.

/ɡrɪp/

Forms: Middle English–1500s gryppe, Middle English–1600s grippe, 1500s grypp, 1600s griphe, 1600s–1700s gripp, Middle English– grip. (See also gripe n.²)

Etymology: Middle English grip , Old English gryp-e (or a ) weak feminine (or masculine), cognate with gréop burrow (‘cuniculus’ Wright-Wülcker 216/1), and Middle Dutch greppe , grippe , Middle Low German grüppe ; compare gripple n.¹ The Old English grép , grépe (grœ́pe ) burrow, trench (cognate with groop n.) may have coalesced with this word; compare the pronunciation of sheep as /ʃɪp/ in many dialects.

Now dialect and in Hunting language.

a. A small open furrow or ditch, esp. for carrying off water; a trench, drain.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > [noun] > ditch

dikec893

gripa1000

ditch1045

fosselOE

water-furrowlOE

sow1316

furrowc1330

rick1332

sewer1402

gripplec1440

soughc1440

grindle1463

sheugh1513

syre1513

rain?1523

trench1523

slough1532

drain1552

fowsie?1553

thorougha1555

rean1591

potting1592

trink1592

syver1606

graft1644

work1649

by-ditch1650

water fence1651

master drain1652

rode1662

pudge1671

gripe1673

sulcus1676

rhine1698

rilling1725

mine1743

foot trench1765

through1777

trench drain1779

trenchlet1782

sunk fence1786

float1790

foot drain1795

tail-drain1805

flow-dike1812

groopa1825

holla1825

thorough drain1824

yawner1832

acequia madre1835

drove1844

leader1844

furrow-drain1858

a1000 Aldhelm Glosses, Brussels (in Engl. Stud. IX. 505) Grypan, cloacæ, latrinæ.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1924 Summe in gripes bi the her Drawen ware, and laten ther.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2102 Þan birþe men casten hem in poles, Or in a grip, or in þe fen.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cxviii. 1015 Vyne sprayes ybende doune into a grippe [1495 de Worde gryppe, 1538 grip] of erþe.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 212/2 Gryppe..where watur rennythe a-way in a londe..aratiuncula.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1543 The walles vp wroght, wonder to se With grippes full grete was þe ground takon.

1579 in J. Barmby Memorials St. Giles's, Durham (1896) 9 Payde..for castinge of the grypp aboute the pynfoalde.

1611 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1884) I. 236 Making a ditch, hole, or griphe in the King's highway.

1625 Boyle in Lismore Papers (1886) II. 149 The parck or meddow without the gripp and walles of yoghall.

a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1752) 207 The higher the stubble is left the gripps are thereby borne up the higher.

1784 J. Cullum Hist. & Antiq. Hawsted in Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica No. 23. 171 A Grip. A shallow drain to carry water off the roads, ploughed fields, &c.

1844 J. T. J. Hewlett Parsons & Widows III. liv. 294 The long grass rotted on the banks and in the grips.

1869 Ld. Tennyson Northern Farmer: New Style viii, in Holy Grail & Other Poems 165 An' 'e ligs on 'is back i' the grip, wi' noän to lend 'im a shove.

1883 Law Times 1 Dec. 79/2 The owner of the estate caused the grass strips to be intersected by ditches called grips..for the purpose of draining the road.

1883 E. Pennell-Elmhirst Cream Leics. 346 Your horse was sure to find his level in the first grip or ditch.

b. (See quot. 1824.)

ΚΠ

1824 J. Mander Derbyshire Miners' Gloss. Grip, a small narrow cavity in the Mine, or in a rocky or hilly place.

2. The gutter in a cowhouse. (Cf. groop n.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of cattle > [noun] > housing or sheltering of cattle > cattle house > drainage of

groopc1440

grip1825

a1000 [see sense 1a].

1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Grip, Gruap, Groop, the space where the dung lies in a cow house, having double rows of stalls; that is, the opening or hollow between them.

1848 Rural Cycl. II. 531 Grip,..the urine gutter of a cow-house or a cattle-shed.

1891 J. C. Atkinson Forty Years Moorland Parish 93 It was in the grip, but it would not win into the calves' pen.

Compounds

grip-yard n. (see quot. 1882).

ΚΠ

1593 in Court Leet Rec. Manch. (1885) II. 85 Roberte Blomeley hath incroched vppon the Queenes hye waye in the Deanes~gate by makinge a grypyarde And A hedge.

1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words I Grip-yard, a seat of green turf, supported by twisted boughs. North.

1882 J. H. Nodal & G. Milnar Gloss. Lancashire Dial. Grip-yard, Grip-yort, a platting of stakes and twisted boughs filled up with earth; generally made to confine a water-course, and occasionally to form artificial banks and seats in pleasure gardens.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

gripv.¹

Brit.

/ɡrɪp/, U.S.

/ɡrɪp/

Forms: Old English Northumbrian grioppa, gegrippia, Middle English northern grep, Middle English–1500s grippe, gryppe, 1600s–1800s Scottish gripp, 1800s Scottish grup, 1500s– grip; also past tense (and past participle Middle English gripte, Middle English–1500s (1700s–1800s) gript; ScottishMiddle English gryppet, grippit, grippyt, Middle English–1800s grippet; Middle English– gripped.

Etymology: < Old Northumbrian grippa (corresponding to Middle High German gripfen ; compare the synonymous Old High German chripphan , Middle High German kripfen ) < West Germanic type *grippjan , < *gripi-z grip n.¹

a. transitive. To grasp or seize firmly or tightly with the hand; to seize with the mouth, claw, beak or other prehensile organ.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > absence of movement > hold or holding > hold [verb (transitive)] > lay hold of or grasp

i-fangc888

gripc950

repeOE

befongOE

keepc1000

latchc1000

hentOE

begripec1175

becatchc1200

fang?c1200

i-gripea1225

warpa1225

fastenc1225

arepa1250

to set (one's) hand(s onc1290

kip1297

cleach?a1300

hendc1300

fasta1325

reachc1330

seizec1374

beclipc1380

takea1387

span1398

to seize on or upon1399

getc1440

handc1460

to catch hold1520

to take hold1530

to lay hold (up)on, of1535

grasple1553

to have by the backa1555

handfast1562

apprehend1572

grapple1582

to clap hold of1583

comprehend1584

graspa1586

attach1590

gripple1591

engrasp1593

clum1594

to seize of1600

begriple1607

fast hold1611

impalm1611

fista1616

to set (one's) hand to1638

to get one's hands on1649

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Luke ix. 39 Heono gast gegrippde hine & ferlice clioppiað.

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Luke xxiii. 26 Miððy gelæddon hine ge-grippedon sumne simon cyrinisce..& geseton him þæt rod.

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. John vii. 30 Sohton forðon hine to grioppanne [Rushw. gigripanne, Ags. Gosp. nimanne].

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 22 Corineus..sterede hym a non, And gripte [MS.A. kipte] þis geant.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 744 He gript his mantel, as a weiȝh woful he wrapped him þer-inne.

c1430 Chev. Assigne 220 The grypte eyþur a staffe in here honde.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6302 A serpent..His nek full sare it grepyd.

a1500 Piers of Fulham (James) in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1866) II. 2 Whan thow hym [sc. an eel] grypest [c1500 Trin. Cambr. grippist], and wenest wele ffor to haue hym sekyr; yet for all thy lyste Thow faylyst of hym, for he ys owt of thy fyste.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 246 He grippit hir abowt the west.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iv. v. 85 Making his prayeris and gripping the alter.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. A5^v He grypt her gorge with so great paine.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 450 Gripping my throat to stop my crying.

1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 155 He grippet Nelly hard an' fast.

1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. I. vii. 121 His right arm behind his back, the hand gripping his left elbow.

1863 ‘Ouida’ Held in Bondage I. i. 1 Our oars feathered..; the river foamed and flew as we gripped it.

1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad I. i. 55 The flag gripped in his teeth.

1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling v. 147 If he has gripped the weed in his mouth, as fish will do.

1873–4 J. T. Moggridge Ants & Spiders i. 42 Still the ants gripped their prey as firmly as ever.

1894 S. R. Crockett Raiders 70 He..held it [his weapon] gripped between his knees as he rowed.

†b. to grip up: to pull up forcibly. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > draw or pull up > forcibly

to grip upc1540

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1377 The Grekes..Grippit vp the grounde, girdyn doun þe wallys.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1784 Antenor..Grippit vp a gret sayle, glidis on þe water.

c. transferred. Said of a disease.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > affect with disease [verb (transitive)] > attack

ofseche?c1225

takec1300

smitea1325

strike1530

infest1542

assault1594

attack1665

grip1818

1818 W. Scott Let. 14 Jan. (1933) V. 47 Mine old enemy the cramp griped me by the pit of the stomach.

1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xvi. 155 The gout..grips him by both legs.

1884 G. A. Sala Journey due South (1887) i. xii. 161 Asthma came down upon me like..armed men..and gripped me by the throat.

d. To place (one's hands) so that they hold each other or an object in a grip.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > absence of movement > hold or holding > hold [verb (transitive)] > clasp the hands or with the hand(s)

clasp1582

hand1643

grip1907

1907 Smart Set Jan. 32/2 She fell back in the chair and gripped her hands round the arms of it.

1907 Smart Set Feb. 24/1 He gripped his hands together and put the doubt behind him.

1910 E. M. Albanesi For Love of Anne Lambert 112 Anne's two cold hands gripped themselves together.

†2.

a. gen. To seize, catch, lay hands upon; to obtain hold or possession of. Chiefly Scottish. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > seizing > seize [verb (transitive)]

gripea900

afangOE

to lay hands (or hand) on or upon (also in, to)OE

repeOE

atfonga1000

keepc1000

fang1016

kip1297

seize1338

to seize on or upon1399

to grip toc1400

rapc1415

to rap and rendc1415

comprise1423

forsetc1430

grip1488

to put (one's) hand(s) on (also in, to, unto, upon)1495

compass1509

to catch hold1520

hap1528

to lay hold (up)on, of1535

seisin?c1550

cly1567

scratch1582

attach1590

asseizea1593

grasp1642

to grasp at1677

collar1728

smuss1736

get1763

pin1768

grabble1796

bag1818

puckerow1843

nobble1877

jump1882

snaffle1902

snag1962

pull1967

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) i. l. 170 No for the pape thai wald no kyrkis forber Bot gryppyt all be wiolence of wer.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 259 The temporale stait to gryp and gather.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 7114 The Troiens..Haue grippit the goodis.

c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) iv. 90 The moir digest and grave, The grydiar to grip it.

1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1733) I. 34 The whillywha's will grip ye'r gear.

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. (at cited word) She's like the man's mare; she was ill to grip, and she wasna muckle worth when she was grippit.

1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxvi, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 753 I gripped about a hunder and forty [hares] wi' the grews.

b. spec. To seize or encroach upon (land). Scottish.

ΚΠ

1602 Min. Dunrossness Distr. Court in Mill Diary (1889) 180 Airthour in Skelberie is fand to have grippit wrang~ouslie ane halff of ane rigg.

1632 Acts of Bailiary in G. Barry Hist. Orkney (1805) App. ix. 473 That no man gripp his neighbours lands under the paine of 10 l. Scots.

a1800 Jamie Telfer xii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1890) IV. vii. 6 My lord may grip my vassal-lands.

a. absol. and intransitive. To take firm hold; to make a grasp or seizure: to get a grip. literal and figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > absence of movement > hold or holding > hold or grip [verb (intransitive)] > lay hold

fang855

hentOE

grispc1420

grip1489

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 115 Had ȝe..consideryt his vsage Yat gryppyt ay but gayne-gevyng.

1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 30 Thay gryp sa fast his geir to get.

a1666 R. Blair Life (1848) (modernized text) iii. 56 The thumb in the hand is able to grip and hold against the four fingers.

1728 A. Ramsay Poems II. 183 He..Jobs, changes, lends, extorses, cheats and grips, And no ae Turn of gainfu' Us'ry slips.

a1732 T. Boston Memoirs (1776) xii. 436 Like a bird on the side of a wall, gripping with its claws.

1821 W. Scott Let. Feb. (1934) VI. 356 Tell me if the boy..can gripe hard as a Scott should.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Grip,..to hold, as ‘the anchor grips’.

1894 Times 13 July 12/1 The gain was not made in fore-reaching, but in gripping closer to the wind.

†b. to grip to: to seize upon, take hold of (literal and figurative) northern and Scottish. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > seizing > seize [verb (transitive)]

gripea900

afangOE

to lay hands (or hand) on or upon (also in, to)OE

repeOE

atfonga1000

keepc1000

fang1016

kip1297

seize1338

to seize on or upon1399

to grip toc1400

rapc1415

to rap and rendc1415

comprise1423

forsetc1430

grip1488

to put (one's) hand(s) on (also in, to, unto, upon)1495

compass1509

to catch hold1520

hap1528

to lay hold (up)on, of1535

seisin?c1550

cly1567

scratch1582

attach1590

asseizea1593

grasp1642

to grasp at1677

collar1728

smuss1736

get1763

pin1768

grabble1796

bag1818

puckerow1843

nobble1877

jump1882

snaffle1902

snag1962

pull1967

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 421 Gauan gripped to his ax & gederes hit on hyȝt.

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cv^v Gude schir gawane Grippit to schir gologras on the grund grene.

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. biiii He grippit to ane grete speir.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 931 Iason grippede graithly to a grym sworde.

a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation in Wks. (1846) II. 128 Some war licentious; some had greadelie gripped to the possessionis of the Kirk.

4. transitive. To join firmly to something, as with a ‘grip’, grappling-iron, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > attach or affix [verb (transitive)] > attach firmly

gluec1384

strain1387

naila1522

grapple1603

barnacle1863

grip1886

1886 Science 24 Sept. 275 Until the car is gripped to the moving cable, it must depend for its motive power on some other agent.

1887 H. Caine Deemster xxvii. 170 We know your heart was gript to him with grapplins.

5. To close tightly, clench (the teeth, etc.). Also intransitive for reflexive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > act of drawing body into compact form > drawn into compact form [verb (transitive)] > clench

clitchc1025

fasten1559

knit1602

set1602

clinch1624

clench1755

grippen1814

grip1861

ball1890

1861 J. Thomson Ladies of Death iii He grips his teeth, or flings them words of scorn.

1898 G. W. Steevens in Westm. Gaz. 23 Sept. 7/3 Macdonald's jaws gripped and hardened as the flame spurted out again.

6. figurative. To take hold upon (the mind, the emotions); to compel the attention and interest of (a reader, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > attention > attracting attention > engage the attention [verb (transitive)]

exercisea1538

entertainc1540

replenish1548

rouse1583

catcha1586

amuse1586

detainc1595

attract1599

grope1602

concerna1616

take1634

stay1639

engage1642

meet1645

nudge1675

strike1697

hitcha1764

seize1772

interest1780

acuminate1806

arrest1835

grip1891

intrigue1894

grab1966

work1969

1891 H. Herman His Angel 109 An indistinct remembrance dashed upon him and gripped his mind.

1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Romance 13 Charlotte Brontë and George Eliot—yes, she admired them both, but somehow they didn't grip her as Dickens did.

absolute.1894 Forum (U.S.) July 587 In other countries, where tradition has gripped more tightly for exclusion [of women from universities].1895 Lit. World Oct. 313/2 Even if the character..is slightly overdrawn the story grips.

7. (See quots. and cf. grip n.¹ 4) dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)] > make into sheaves or bundles

sheaf1506

sheave1579

bottle1611

swathe1611

wad1677

gripa1722

tipple1799

tuffle1799

windle1808

a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 405 To Grip or Grip up, to take up the wheat, and put it into sheaf.

1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. Grip, to bind sheaves, Berks.

1888 B. Lowsley Gloss. Berks. Words & Phrases

8. Australian slang. absol. To catch sheep (for the shearer). Cf. gripper n. 2b.

ΚΠ

1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 137 One man can ‘grip’ for about ten or twelve clippers.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

gripv.²

Brit.

/ɡrɪp/, U.S.

/ɡrɪp/

Forms: Also gripe v.²

Etymology: < grip n.²

Now dialect.

transitive. To make ‘grips’ or trenches in; to ditch, trench. Also, to dig (a trench, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > make trench or ditch

groopc1330

dikea1375

pot1595

grip1597

gripe1597

1597 Regulations Manor of Scawby, Lincs. (MS) That euery man doe suffyciently gryppe & trench ouer all his lands in Stauera bottom.

1601 in Stark Hist. Gainsborough (1817) 161 That every man gripp his lands in the corne fields.

1800 Trans. Soc. Arts 18 110 The water furrows were opened by the plough..and finally gripped with the spade wherever it was necessary to a complete drainage.

1884 J. Evans in Archaeologia 48 106 The objects..were found by a man while ‘gripping’ or cutting a deep narrow grip across the ground.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹OE

n.²a1000

v.¹c950

v.²1597

单词	grip
释义	gripn.¹ Brit. /ɡrɪp/, U.S. /ɡrɪp/ Forms: Old English gripe, gripa, Middle English–1600s Scottish plural grippis, 1500s–1600s grippe, 1700s gripp, Middle English– grip. Etymology: Two formations: (1) Old English gripe strong masculine, grasp, clutch, corresponding to Old High German grif- , in combination (Middle High German grif , modern German griff ) grasp, handle, claw, etc., Old Norse grip-r possession, property; (2) Old English gripa handful, sheaf; both < root of gripe n.¹ Old Norse had also grip neuter, grasp, clutch (Swedish grepp, Danish greb). In some senses, the noun may be a modern new formation from the verb. The instances of the word in the 15–17th centuries are chiefly Scotch, while examples in the 18th cent. are very rare. 1. a. Firm hold or grasp; the action of gripping, grasping, or clutching; esp. the tight or strained grasp of the hand upon an object (cf. handgrip n.); also, grasping power. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > [noun] > possession and control > possession and power or clutches gripOE handgripOE crook?c1225 fist1297 fangera1300 holtc1375 in one's clawsc1386 clutcha1529 handgripe1534 clamps1548 clums1567 clamsa1569 embracement1599 pounce1614 embracea1627 the world > movement > absence of movement > hold or holding > [noun] > firmness of hold > grip or grasp gripOE handgripOE holtc1375 cleeka1400 handfast1540 handy-gripe1542 handigrip1579 gripple1596 fang1597 grasp1609 clutch1785 death grip1792 OE Beowulf 1148 Siþðan grimne gripe Guðlaf ond Oslaf æfter sæsiðe sorge mændon. c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 158/16 Pugillus, se gripe ðære hand. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7620 Þa Hengest hine igrap mid grimmen his gripen. 1423 Kingis Quair clxxi ‘Now hald thy grippis’, quod sche, ‘for thy tyme’. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 414 Thir four ilkane out of his grippis flang. 1650 J. Row & J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 331 Taking a grip of the table to help him~self up. a1651 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) II. 314 Fadownside bendeth backe his middle finger, so that for paine he was forced to forgoe his grippe. 1820 P. B. Shelley Vision of Sea in Prometheus Unbound 176 Twin tygers..have driven..The deep grip of their claws through the vibrating plank. [Cf. I. 143 the gripe of the tiger.] 1828 W. Scott Diary Jan. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1838) VII. iii. 112 Grip and accuracy of step have altogether failed me. 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge lix. 279 He grasped a little hand that sought in vain to free itself from his gripe. 1859 J. Lang Wanderings in India 263 The hawk..was just about to give the minar a blow and a grip. 1871 W. H. Dixon Tower III. i. 2 His grip on sword and rein was close and tight. 1871 L. Stephen Playground of Europe (1894) vi. 147 The insecure grip of one toe on a slippery bit of ice. 1877 W. Black Green Pastures (1878) xxx. 240 His hands keeping a tight grip of about a dozen umbrellas. 1885 Athenæum 23 May 661/1 The horrors of the bear's grip. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 86 In..rheumatoid arthritis the grip of the hands should be regularly measured. 1898 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Sept. 380/1 That tide had the grip of an ice-floe. b. More particularly, of one hand grasping another; sometimes said with reference to the mode of grasping used as a means of mutual recognition by members of a secret society, such as the freemasons. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > personal identification > [noun] > type of grip grip1786 1786 R. Burns Poems 59 Masons' mystic word an' grip. 1820 W. Scott Abbot I. vii. 149 Give us a grip of your hand, man, for auld lang syne. 1857 ‘C. Bede’ Mr. Verdant Green Married x. 80 It all at once occurred to Billy to give him the masonic grip. 1860 Ld. Tennyson Sea Dreams 159 I found a hard friend in his loose accounts, A loose one in the hard grip of his hand. 1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 159/2 Good Templary is the freemasonry of temperance with ritual, passwords, grips, &c., closely modelled on those of the old secret societies. c. at grips = to be at handgrips at handgrip n. 1: in close combat; hand to hand with. Similarly, to come to grips: to come to close quarters. in grips: in custody. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > contend [verb (intransitive)] > engage in hostile encounter counter1330 encounter1555 to come to grips1640 to come to gripesa1645 buckle?1650 to lock horns (also antlers)1850 face1922 society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > arrest > under arrest [phrase] > in custody in grips1818 society > society and the community > dissent > fighting > [phrase] > at close quarters hand to hand?a1400 at hand1565 to meet at hard edge1591 close quarters1809 at grips1857 corps à corps1890 1640 S. Rutherford Lett. (1894) ccxciv. 593 When ye come to grips with death, the king of terrors. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian v, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 109 You and I will..see him in grips or we are done wi' him. 1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days (1871) ii. iii. 248 At grips with self and the devil. 1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona iv. 43 I saw we were come to grips at last. 1895 Sat. Rev. 21 Sept. 366/2 The British farmer..is now at grips with world-wide competition. †d. An opportunity for seizing. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 607 We may our grippis waill. 2. figurative. a. Firm or tenacious hold, grasp, or control; power, mastery (now esp. associated with the idea of oppression or irresistible force). †Formerly also plural as to fasten one's grips on, let go one's grips, etc. Also to get (or take) a grip on (oneself), to get to grips with (something). ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [noun] > control and possession wieldnesseOE fathomOE waldOE wieldOE wieldingOE woldc1275 grip1508 gripe1532 graspa1616 the world > health and disease > mental health > be sane [verb (intransitive)] > become sane uncloud1793 sanify1836 to get (or take) a grip on (oneself)1895 the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)] > begin an action or fall to doing something > resolutely or vigorously to sit in1736 strap1823 to get down1826 tackle1841 to buckle down (to)1865 to bite on1904 to wade into1904 to get stuck into1910 to get one's teeth into1935 to sink one's teeth into1935 to get stuck in1938 to get to grips with1947 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. dii Al the gretest Of gomys that grip has..Of baronis and burowis [etc.]. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. b In his grippis and ye gane He wald ourcum yow ilk ane. 1567 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. v. 40 Gif ȝe lat ga that is in ȝour grippis. 1600 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (Bannatyne Club) II. 283 I cair nocht for all the land I hew in this kingdome, incase I get a grip of Dirleton. 1604 M. Drayton Owle sig. G3 Let these weake Birds..Submit to those that are of grip and might. 1632 S. Rutherford Let. 9 Mar. (1848) xxiii. 49 Loose your grips of them all [fears]. a1732 T. Boston Crook in Lot (1805) 127 Fasten your grips on the other world, and let your grip of this go. 1832 J. W. Croker in Croker Papers 9 Nov. (1884) II Promoting a subscription to purchase Abbotsford..out of the grip of creditors. 1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. xv. 139 The clutching old man had lost his grip on life. 1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xviii. 213 Perhaps no other religion..holds its votaries clutched in such a paralysing grip. 1894 J. Knight D. Garrick i. 7 The grip of poverty is everywhere apparent. 1895 Harper's Nov. 962/1 My dear boy, get a grip on yourself... I won't bite you. 1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 627 In the grip of malarial fever, on his way to the grave. 1898 J. Caird Univ. Serm. 94 The iron grip of long unresisted habits. 1929 W. Faulkner Sound & Fury 174 My throat wouldn't quit trying to laugh, like retching after your stomach is empty. ‘Whoa, now,’ Anse said. ‘Get a grip on yourself.’ 1947 Sci. News 4 7 They [sc. readers] have to translate his article into understandable language before they can get to grips with its actual subject matter. 1950 R. Ackland Before Party in Plays of Year 1949 611 Don't be such a foolish woman... Sit down and take a grip on yourself. 1955 Times 25 July 5/4 What we have now agreed makes it possible to get to grips with the twin problems of the unity of Germany and the security of Europe. 1967 S. Beckett No's Knife 52 Come now, come now, he said, get a grip on yourself, be a man. b. Intellectual or mental hold; power to apprehend or master a subject. to lose one's grip (cf. lose v.¹ 3d). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > fail or be unsuccessful [verb (intransitive)] > fail to maintain a level of achievement to lose one's grip1861 slip1930 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > intellectual command, mastery > [noun] gropeOE sciencea1387 mastery1585 mastership1612 grasp1683 grip1861 masterhood1869 1635 D. Dickson Short Explan. Hebrewes vi. 19. 110 And nowe hee showeth the stabilitie of the grippe which the Believer taketh of these groundes, in the similitude of the grippe which a Shippes Ancre taketh, beeing casten on good ground.] 1861 G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner I. 309 His brain does not retain with the sure grip it once did. 1875 J. Miller First Fam'lies Sierras (1876) 246 Lost my ‘grip’.., didn't have any ‘snap’ any more. 1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 20 Feb. 4/1 It [a play] lacks colour, stamina, in short, the indefinable something known as ‘grip’. 1885 Manch. Examiner 28 Jan. 3/4 An essay..singularly deficient both in intellectual grip and literary charm. 1894 A. Conan Doyle Sherlock Holmes 3 I have a grip of the essential facts of the case. 1894 ‘M. Twain’ Pudd'nhead Wilson xx. 273 Come, cheer up, old man; there's no use in losing your grip. 1968 Times Lit. Suppl. 8 Feb. 122/5 His work after the war shows a steady decline.., until he seems to have lost his grip altogether. c. That quality in a beverage which gives it a ‘hold’ on the palate. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > [noun] > quality of having taste savourc1450 sapidity1646 sapidness1649 grip1892 the world > food and drink > drink > types or qualities of beverage > [noun] > quality of holding the palate grip1892 1892 J. M. Walsh Tea 98 The commoner grades [of Basket-fired tea] are..lacking in ‘grip’ and flavor. 1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Romance 167 These Bush drinkers..had a decided leaning towards flavour and grip. 3. A seizure or twinge of pain; a spasm. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > [noun] > sudden pain stitchc1000 showera1300 shutea1300 gridea1400 gripa1400 shota1400 stounda1400 lancing1470 pang1482 twitch?1510 shooting1528 storm1540 stitching1561 stub1587 twinge1608 gird1614 twang1721 tang1724 shoot1756 darting1758 writhe1789 catch1830 lightning pain1860 twitcher1877 rash1900 a1400–50 Alexander 544 For þe aire nowe & þe elementis ere..So trauailid out of temperoure & troubild of þat sone, Þat makis þi grippis and þi gridis a grete dele þe kenere. a1577 G. Gascoigne Princelie Pleasures Kenelworth sig. B.iii^v, in Whole Wks. (1587) I feele great grips of greefe, Which bruse my brest. c1600 A. Montgomerie Poems (2000) I. 87 Sik gredie grippis I feell. 1786 R. Burns Poems 28 Colic-grips, an' barkin hoast, May kill us a'. 1840 Lady C. M. C. Bury Hist. Flirt iv ‘Grips, Mr. Ellis! what sort of disorder is that?’ ‘A little hacking in my throat, which causes difficulty in breathing’. 4. As much as can be seized in the hand; a handful. to lie in grip: (of corn) to lie as it is left by the reapers. Obsolete exc. dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > amount defined by capacity > [noun] > amount that fills part of body > hand handfuleOE gripc1000 hand-lifting1362 nieveful?a1425 gripe1570 maniple1598 fistful1611 fascicule1699 gripeful1727 palmful1812 lift1871 mittful1918 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest [verb (intransitive)] > lie unbound to lie on the gavel?1611 to lie in grip1621 c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 136 Genim þysse ylcan wyrte godne gripan. c1000 Ags. Ps. cxxvi[i]. 6 Berende gripan heora [L. portantes manipulos suos]. 1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. 19 Romulus..vsed Fasciculos fæni, that is to saie, a grippe or knitche of hay bound together at the ende of a long staffe. 1621 R. Montagu Diatribæ Hist. Tithes Introd. 106 Tithe in Sheafe, in Shocke, in Grippe, in Ridge, or at the Lumpe. 1621 R. Montagu Diatribæ Hist. Tithes ii. 301 While it [Corne] lay in grip, or in shock, or in sheafe. 1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husb. 178 The wheat after it is cut and lies in gripp, does not lie so exposed for the sun and wind to dry the gripps after being fogged with wet. 1739 J. Tull Horse-hoeing Husb. (1740) 213 To make up the Grips [of Barley or Oats] into little Heaps by Hands. 1807 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. (new ed.) II. 193 They are usually reaped with the Sickle, and laid in thin grips or reaps. 1842 J. Y. Akerman Gloss. Provinc. Words Wilts. (at cited word) A grip of wheat is the handful grasped in reaping. 5. Something which grips or clips. a. Scottish. An ear-ring. ΚΠ a1800 Bonny J. Seton xiii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1890) IV. vii. 53 They cutted the grips out o his ears, Took out the gowd signots. b. In various technical applications; e.g. a device on a cable car by which the car is attached to and freed from the cable; a tooth or hooked device on the barrel of a rifle, pistol, etc., to secure it to the stock while firing; the narrow part of the bore of a rifled cannon, immediately in front of the shot-chamber; in boat-construction (see quot. 1857). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > clutching or gripping equipment > [noun] grapple1571 clamp1688 grip1857 gripper1857 grab1865 grapnel1875 1857 P. M. Colquhoun Compan. Oarsman's Guide 30 Knees are angular pieces of wood placed perpendicularly in various parts..but where lateral, they are termed grips, as ‘transom grips’. 1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 194 Lefaucheux's first gun had but a single grip,..leaving that part unsecured that received the greatest force of the explosion,..Many methods were tried to remedy this evil, one of the best being the double-grip action. 1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 29 Sept. 6/2 Through this slit works the plate connecting the moving body above with what is termed the ‘grip’ on the cable beneath. 1887 J. B. Smith Treat. Cable or Rope Traction 100 Immediately the cars are taken on to the road, the cable is pulled or guided into the ‘grips’. c. A hair-grip. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > implements used in styling the hair > [noun] > pin bodkin1580 skewer1771 hairpin1818 barrette1901 prong pin1902 pin curler1921 kirby grip1926 bobby pin1936 grip1960 1960 C. Storr Marianne & Mark xi, 144 I want two cards of grips and a set of rollers. 6. That which is gripped or grasped. a. The handle of a sword; the part of the handle gripped by the hand. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > parts of tools generally > [noun] > handle handleeOE helvec897 haftc1000 steal1377 start1380 handa1400 helmc1430 handlinga1450 pull1551 grasp1561 hilt1574 cronge1577 hold1578 tab1607 manubrium1609 tree1611 handfast1638 stock1695 handing1703 gripe1748 stem1796 handhold1797 grip1867 society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > side arms > sword > [noun] > hilt of sword hiltOE port1548 grip1867 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Grip, the handle of a sword. 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. IV 402 His blanched and unused hand Clutched the spoiled grip of his once trusty blade. 1884 R. F. Burton Bk. of Sword vii. 124 The grip is the outer case of the tang. 1894 C. N. Robinson Brit. Fleet 509 All officers..were to have black grips to their swords. b. In a rifle, pistol, etc.: that part of the stock which is held by the hand and is roughened to make the grasp firmer. (Cf. Dutch greep.) ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > stock or shaft > parts of shaft1626 side plate1680 pistol hand1702 club1720 heel plate1753 break-off1804 shoulder-butt1810 pistol-butt1814 rifle butt1826 pistol grip1841 nose cap1844 trap1844 trap-plate1844 receiver1851 bump1852 furniture1852 bend1859 comb1867 fore-end1881 furniture-pin1881 grip1881 1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 248 Good gun-stocks must be..straight in the grain at the grip and head of the gun. 1899 Pall Mall Mag. Jan. 136 My fingers touched the roughened horn of the grip [of the pistol]. c. The part of the handle in any implement covered with indiarubber, leather, etc. to make the grasp firmer. Also, the cover itself. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > parts of tools generally > [noun] > handle > part of handle nib1656 neb1677 handgrip1844 grip1886 1886 St. Nicholas Mag. July 658 Holding the rod by the ‘grip’, the part of the butt wound with silk or rattan to assist the grasp. 1890 Gloss. in H. G. Hutchinson et al. Golf (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 446 Grip, the part of the handle covered with leather by which the club is grasped. 1891 Cyclist 25 Feb. 153 The handles are brought well back, and fitted with elliptical horn grips. 7. U.S. A scene-shifter. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > the staging of a theatrical production > people concerned with theatrical productions > [noun] > person in charge of scenery > scene-shifter scene-drawer1699 scene man1700 shifter1711 scene-shifter1724 scenist1790 grip1888 1888 Scribner's Mag. 4 444/2 Meanwhile the ‘grips’, as the scene-shifters are called, have hold of the side scenes ready to shove them on. 1961 A. Berkman Singers' Gloss. Show Business Jargon 26 Grip, stage hand, especially one who works on the stage floor. 1965 J. Von Sternberg Fun in Chinese Laundry (1966) viii. 191 Grip and Property Man..$100. 1967 H. Harrison Technicolor Time Machine (1968) ix. 92 One of the grips brought out a baby spot and plugged it in for light. 8. colloquial. Short for: a. grip-car n. at Compounds U.S. ΚΠ 1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 11 Dec. 2/2 ‘Will you take the grip?’ is equivalent to ‘Will you take the cable tramway?’ b. gripsack n. originally U.S. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > a journey > [noun] > luggage > travelling bag > hand-held mailc1275 clothesack1393 cloak-bagc1540 portmanteau1553 valance?a1562 pockmanty1575 cap-case1577 cloak-bearer1580 night baga1618 valisea1630 toilet1656 Roger1665 shirt case1823 weekend case1827 carpet-bag1830 holdall1851 handbag1859 suitcase1873 sample case1875 gripsack1877 case1879 grip1879 Gladstone (bag)1882 traveller1895 vanity-case1913 luggage1915 revelation1923 two-suiter1923 overnight bag1925 one-suiter1933 suiter1933 overnight case1934 Samsonite1939 flight bag1943 Pullman1946 grip-bag1958 overnighter1959 carry-on1960 Vuitton1975 go bag1991 1879 Chicago Tribune 7 Mar. 9/5 At Cherokee I stepped from the train, took my ‘grip’, and began in earnest the life of a pilgrim. 1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 11 Dec. 2/2 The word ‘grip-sack’..contracted to ‘grip’, has come to be applied to other articles of luggage [than the hand-satchel]. 1894 Outing 24 442/2 I..had stowed my guncase and grip where they would be least in the way. 1926 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 14 July 5/6 Experienced travellers in all countries always take a bottle of ENO in their grip to offset changes of water and diet. 1928 W. Gillette Astounding Crime Torrington Rd. v. 282 ‘Want anything from the hotel—toilet articles—clothing—tobacco?’ ‘Thanks—I've got 'em outside in a grip.’ 1960 J. Betjeman Summoned by Bells vii. 66 Clutching a leather grip Containing things for the first night of term. 1965 G. McInnes Road to Gundagai xii. 207 I toted my grip all the way back. 9. (See quot. 1916.) Australian. ΚΠ 1906 E. Dyson Fact'ry 'Ands xviii. 243 I had t' do it 'r resign me grip on ther spot. 1916 C. J. Dennis Songs Sentimental Bloke (new ed.) 123 Grip, occupation, employment. 1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 32 Grip, a job, regular employment. Compounds attributive and in other combinations (in some instances perhaps of the stem of grip v.¹). grip-bag n. = gripsack n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > a journey > [noun] > luggage > travelling bag > hand-held mailc1275 clothesack1393 cloak-bagc1540 portmanteau1553 valance?a1562 pockmanty1575 cap-case1577 cloak-bearer1580 night baga1618 valisea1630 toilet1656 Roger1665 shirt case1823 weekend case1827 carpet-bag1830 holdall1851 handbag1859 suitcase1873 sample case1875 gripsack1877 case1879 grip1879 Gladstone (bag)1882 traveller1895 vanity-case1913 luggage1915 revelation1923 two-suiter1923 overnight bag1925 one-suiter1933 suiter1933 overnight case1934 Samsonite1939 flight bag1943 Pullman1946 grip-bag1958 overnighter1959 carry-on1960 Vuitton1975 go bag1991 1958 Listener 17 July 107/2 Take, if you can, an extra grip-bag—a canvas one. 1963 T. Parker Unknown Citizen i. 22 In one hand he carried a blue grip-bag, like those sometimes used by airline passengers. grip-brake n. a brake worked by gripping with the hand. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > parts and equipment of cycles > brakes grip-brake1885 plunger brake1892 plunger1907 side pull1972 1885 Cyclists' Touring Club Gaz. IV. 136 The grip brake in our ‘Club’ tandem. grip-car n. U.S. a tramcar worked by means of a grip (see 5b) on an endless cable driven by a stationary engine, a cable-car. ΚΠ 1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 11 Dec. 2/2 The appliances for attaching and detaching the cars from the cable being called the ‘grip’, and the car in which it is operated a ‘grip-car’. 1889 Advance (Chicago) 7 Mar. 188 Whistles of engines..and the gong of grip-cars. grip-grass n. dialect the plant Cleavers, Galium Aparine. ΚΠ 1862 C. P. Johnson Useful Plants Great Brit. 136 Our English word Cleavers,..and the Scotch ‘Grip-grass’, have been given from the same cause. grip-knob n. a contrivance for holding an article when being turned in a lathe. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine tool > lathe > [noun] > part holding work mandrel1664 chock1665 pike1680 centre plate1717 carrier1733 chuck1806 screw chuck1827 grip-knob1833 faceplate1837 surface chuck1842 jaw-chuck1874 turning-carrier1877 screw worm chuck1881 steady1885 roller steady1911 1833 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal II. 135 The concentric circles of perforations, and the four grooves..admit of the insertion of grip-knobs..so that the article to be turned may be held in any situation. grip-lug n. a lug to grip or hold fast (a handle). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > parts of tools generally > [noun] > handle > of other shapes handstaff1440 brace1592 potent1688 crutch1831 grip-lug1891 baluster handle1956 pistol grip1972 1891 Cyclist 25 Feb. 153 A grip-lug serves to secure the handlebar within the steering post. grip-man n. the man who manipulates the grip of a cable-car. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > public passenger transport > [noun] > public transport employees > operator of cable-car grip grip-man1886 1886 Science 24 Sept. 275 The driver, or grip-man, then opened the valve admitting air to the engine. 1891 Daily News 13 June 2/3 Each car, being manned by a ‘gripman’ in front and a conductor behind. grip-pedal n. a pedal designed to prevent the foot from slipping. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > parts and equipment of cycles > pedals and parts pedal1845 grip treadle1881 toe-strap1884 grip-pedal1885 rat trap1887 treadle1887 toe-clip1895 bear trap1984 1885 Cyclists' Touring Club Gaz. IV. 309 Would not rat-trap or patent grip pedals be safer than the feet-straps now in use? grip-pulley n. (a) a form of grip on a cable-car using the principle of the pulley (Funk's Stand. Dict.); (b) (see quot. 1894). ΚΠ 1886 Appletons' Ann. Cycl. 1885 122/2 It was not until 1870 that the first patent for a grip-pulley was issued to Andrew S. Hallidie, of San Francisco. 1894 D. K. Clark Tramways (ed. 2) 556 The clutch communicates the motion of the countershaft to the grip pulley, the pulley which moves the cable. grip-slot n. a slot in the track through and along which the shank of the gripping apparatus of a cable-car passes. ΚΠ 1887 J. B. Smith Treat. Cable or Rope Traction 100 bb represents the ‘grip slots’. grip treadle n. an early name for grip-pedal n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > parts and equipment of cycles > pedals and parts pedal1845 grip treadle1881 toe-strap1884 grip-pedal1885 rat trap1887 treadle1887 toe-clip1895 bear trap1984 1881 Advt. The fastest times on record will be made with..grip treadles. Draft additions 1993 e. Chiefly Sport. The manner or style in which one grasps or holds something, esp. a tennis racket, golf club, etc. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > [noun] > instrument for hitting ball > manner of holding grip1890 1890 H. G. Hutchinson in H. G. Hutchinson et al. Golf (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) iv. 81 Certain points may be noted about the grip, but it is a mistake, in striving after a prescribed fashion, to work the hands into a position of discomfort. 1921 A. Kirkaldy Fifty Yrs. Golf viii. 153 His grip is according to the old-fashioned St. Andrews style—no over-lapping, no interlocking, or other contraption. 1931 Punch 18 Mar. 281 (caption) ‘My hat! Suppose Phoebe gives me the baby to nurse; I'm sure I shan't know how to hold it.’ ‘Don't be an ass; it's just the same grip as for a cocktail-shaker.’ 1951 B. Harman & K. Monroe Use your Head in Tennis v. 45 For the overhead slice serve, take hold of your racket in the eastern grip. 1966 Mills & Butler Mod. Badminton iii. 28 The fundamental of any racket game is a correct grip... ‘Grip’ should not be taken literally,..your hold should be firm, but not a tight grasp. 1989 P. Janeczko Brickyard Summer iii. 23 Aunt Clare..demonstrated The proper placement of a napkin, The correct grip on a knife when cutting. Draft additions December 2003 Originally U.S. A technician in a film or television crew who handles production equipment on the set; spec. one who manipulates the camera dolly. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > filming unit or team > [noun] > others involved in filming director of photography1916 grip1918 continuity writer1921 script girl1922 gaffer1926 production manager1927 best boy1931 production assistant1932 continuity girl1933 titler1933 clapper-boy1937 AD1957 1918 Photoplay Mar. 20 Actors, extra men, grips, electricians, cameramen, etc. 1947 Harper's Mag. Oct. 384/1 For two and a half hours we sat in those canvas-and-wood directors' chairs, our view obstructed by lights, baffles, technicians, ‘grips’, and the enormous technicolour camera. 1968 G. Vidal Myra Breckinridge viii. 26 The director says, ‘O.K., print it,’ and the grips prepare for another setup. 2000 Independent 9 June ii. 9/3 Dolly,..a mobile camera platform mounted on wheels and generally pushed about by a crew member (a dolly grip) rather than propelled by motor. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022). gripn.² Brit. /ɡrɪp/, U.S. /ɡrɪp/ Forms: Middle English–1500s gryppe, Middle English–1600s grippe, 1500s grypp, 1600s griphe, 1600s–1700s gripp, Middle English– grip. (See also gripe n.²) Etymology: Middle English grip , Old English gryp-e (or a ) weak feminine (or masculine), cognate with gréop burrow (‘cuniculus’ Wright-Wülcker 216/1), and Middle Dutch greppe , grippe , Middle Low German grüppe ; compare gripple n.¹ The Old English grép , grépe (grœ́pe ) burrow, trench (cognate with groop n.) may have coalesced with this word; compare the pronunciation of sheep as /ʃɪp/ in many dialects. Now dialect and in Hunting language. 1. a. A small open furrow or ditch, esp. for carrying off water; a trench, drain. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > [noun] > ditch dikec893 gripa1000 ditch1045 fosselOE water-furrowlOE sow1316 furrowc1330 rick1332 sewer1402 gripplec1440 soughc1440 grindle1463 sheugh1513 syre1513 rain?1523 trench1523 slough1532 drain1552 fowsie?1553 thorougha1555 rean1591 potting1592 trink1592 syver1606 graft1644 work1649 by-ditch1650 water fence1651 master drain1652 rode1662 pudge1671 gripe1673 sulcus1676 rhine1698 rilling1725 mine1743 foot trench1765 through1777 trench drain1779 trenchlet1782 sunk fence1786 float1790 foot drain1795 tail-drain1805 flow-dike1812 groopa1825 holla1825 thorough drain1824 yawner1832 acequia madre1835 drove1844 leader1844 furrow-drain1858 a1000 Aldhelm Glosses, Brussels (in Engl. Stud. IX. 505) Grypan, cloacæ, latrinæ. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1924 Summe in gripes bi the her Drawen ware, and laten ther. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2102 Þan birþe men casten hem in poles, Or in a grip, or in þe fen. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cxviii. 1015 Vyne sprayes ybende doune into a grippe [1495 de Worde gryppe, 1538 grip] of erþe. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 212/2 Gryppe..where watur rennythe a-way in a londe..aratiuncula. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1543 The walles vp wroght, wonder to se With grippes full grete was þe ground takon. 1579 in J. Barmby Memorials St. Giles's, Durham (1896) 9 Payde..for castinge of the grypp aboute the pynfoalde. 1611 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1884) I. 236 Making a ditch, hole, or griphe in the King's highway. 1625 Boyle in Lismore Papers (1886) II. 149 The parck or meddow without the gripp and walles of yoghall. a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1752) 207 The higher the stubble is left the gripps are thereby borne up the higher. 1784 J. Cullum Hist. & Antiq. Hawsted in Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica No. 23. 171 A Grip. A shallow drain to carry water off the roads, ploughed fields, &c. 1844 J. T. J. Hewlett Parsons & Widows III. liv. 294 The long grass rotted on the banks and in the grips. 1869 Ld. Tennyson Northern Farmer: New Style viii, in Holy Grail & Other Poems 165 An' 'e ligs on 'is back i' the grip, wi' noän to lend 'im a shove. 1883 Law Times 1 Dec. 79/2 The owner of the estate caused the grass strips to be intersected by ditches called grips..for the purpose of draining the road. 1883 E. Pennell-Elmhirst Cream Leics. 346 Your horse was sure to find his level in the first grip or ditch. b. (See quot. 1824.) ΚΠ 1824 J. Mander Derbyshire Miners' Gloss. Grip, a small narrow cavity in the Mine, or in a rocky or hilly place. 2. The gutter in a cowhouse. (Cf. groop n.) ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of cattle > [noun] > housing or sheltering of cattle > cattle house > drainage of groopc1440 grip1825 a1000 [see sense 1a]. 1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Grip, Gruap, Groop, the space where the dung lies in a cow house, having double rows of stalls; that is, the opening or hollow between them. 1848 Rural Cycl. II. 531 Grip,..the urine gutter of a cow-house or a cattle-shed. 1891 J. C. Atkinson Forty Years Moorland Parish 93 It was in the grip, but it would not win into the calves' pen. Compounds grip-yard n. (see quot. 1882). ΚΠ 1593 in Court Leet Rec. Manch. (1885) II. 85 Roberte Blomeley hath incroched vppon the Queenes hye waye in the Deanes~gate by makinge a grypyarde And A hedge. 1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words I Grip-yard, a seat of green turf, supported by twisted boughs. North. 1882 J. H. Nodal & G. Milnar Gloss. Lancashire Dial. Grip-yard, Grip-yort, a platting of stakes and twisted boughs filled up with earth; generally made to confine a water-course, and occasionally to form artificial banks and seats in pleasure gardens. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022). gripv.¹ Brit. /ɡrɪp/, U.S. /ɡrɪp/ Forms: Old English Northumbrian grioppa, gegrippia, Middle English northern grep, Middle English–1500s grippe, gryppe, 1600s–1800s Scottish gripp, 1800s Scottish grup, 1500s– grip; also past tense (and past participle Middle English gripte, Middle English–1500s (1700s–1800s) gript; ScottishMiddle English gryppet, grippit, grippyt, Middle English–1800s grippet; Middle English– gripped. Etymology: < Old Northumbrian grippa (corresponding to Middle High German gripfen ; compare the synonymous Old High German chripphan , Middle High German kripfen ) < West Germanic type grippjan , < gripi-z grip n.¹ 1. a. transitive. To grasp or seize firmly or tightly with the hand; to seize with the mouth, claw, beak or other prehensile organ. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > hold or holding > hold [verb (transitive)] > lay hold of or grasp i-fangc888 gripc950 repeOE befongOE keepc1000 latchc1000 hentOE begripec1175 becatchc1200 fang?c1200 i-gripea1225 warpa1225 fastenc1225 arepa1250 to set (one's) hand(s onc1290 kip1297 cleach?a1300 hendc1300 fasta1325 reachc1330 seizec1374 beclipc1380 takea1387 span1398 to seize on or upon1399 getc1440 handc1460 to catch hold1520 to take hold1530 to lay hold (up)on, of1535 grasple1553 to have by the backa1555 handfast1562 apprehend1572 grapple1582 to clap hold of1583 comprehend1584 graspa1586 attach1590 gripple1591 engrasp1593 clum1594 to seize of1600 begriple1607 fast hold1611 impalm1611 fista1616 to set (one's) hand to1638 to get one's hands on1649 c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Luke ix. 39 Heono gast gegrippde hine & ferlice clioppiað. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Luke xxiii. 26 Miððy gelæddon hine ge-grippedon sumne simon cyrinisce..& geseton him þæt rod. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. John vii. 30 Sohton forðon hine to grioppanne [Rushw. gigripanne, Ags. Gosp. nimanne]. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 22 Corineus..sterede hym a non, And gripte [MS.A. kipte] þis geant. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 744 He gript his mantel, as a weiȝh woful he wrapped him þer-inne. c1430 Chev. Assigne 220 The grypte eyþur a staffe in here honde. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6302 A serpent..His nek full sare it grepyd. a1500 Piers of Fulham (James) in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1866) II. 2 Whan thow hym [sc. an eel] grypest [c1500 Trin. Cambr. grippist], and wenest wele ffor to haue hym sekyr; yet for all thy lyste Thow faylyst of hym, for he ys owt of thy fyste. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 246 He grippit hir abowt the west. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iv. v. 85 Making his prayeris and gripping the alter. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. A5^v He grypt her gorge with so great paine. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 450 Gripping my throat to stop my crying. 1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 155 He grippet Nelly hard an' fast. 1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. I. vii. 121 His right arm behind his back, the hand gripping his left elbow. 1863 ‘Ouida’ Held in Bondage I. i. 1 Our oars feathered..; the river foamed and flew as we gripped it. 1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad I. i. 55 The flag gripped in his teeth. 1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling v. 147 If he has gripped the weed in his mouth, as fish will do. 1873–4 J. T. Moggridge Ants & Spiders i. 42 Still the ants gripped their prey as firmly as ever. 1894 S. R. Crockett Raiders 70 He..held it [his weapon] gripped between his knees as he rowed. †b. to grip up: to pull up forcibly. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > draw or pull up > forcibly to grip upc1540 c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1377 The Grekes..Grippit vp the grounde, girdyn doun þe wallys. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1784 Antenor..Grippit vp a gret sayle, glidis on þe water. c. transferred. Said of a disease. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > affect with disease [verb (transitive)] > attack ofseche?c1225 takec1300 smitea1325 strike1530 infest1542 assault1594 attack1665 grip1818 1818 W. Scott Let. 14 Jan. (1933) V. 47 Mine old enemy the cramp griped me by the pit of the stomach. 1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xvi. 155 The gout..grips him by both legs. 1884 G. A. Sala Journey due South (1887) i. xii. 161 Asthma came down upon me like..armed men..and gripped me by the throat. d. To place (one's hands) so that they hold each other or an object in a grip. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > hold or holding > hold [verb (transitive)] > clasp the hands or with the hand(s) clasp1582 hand1643 grip1907 1907 Smart Set Jan. 32/2 She fell back in the chair and gripped her hands round the arms of it. 1907 Smart Set Feb. 24/1 He gripped his hands together and put the doubt behind him. 1910 E. M. Albanesi For Love of Anne Lambert 112 Anne's two cold hands gripped themselves together. †2. a. gen. To seize, catch, lay hands upon; to obtain hold or possession of. Chiefly Scottish. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > seizing > seize [verb (transitive)] gripea900 afangOE to lay hands (or hand) on or upon (also in, to)OE repeOE atfonga1000 keepc1000 fang1016 kip1297 seize1338 to seize on or upon1399 to grip toc1400 rapc1415 to rap and rendc1415 comprise1423 forsetc1430 grip1488 to put (one's) hand(s) on (also in, to, unto, upon)1495 compass1509 to catch hold1520 hap1528 to lay hold (up)on, of1535 seisin?c1550 cly1567 scratch1582 attach1590 asseizea1593 grasp1642 to grasp at1677 collar1728 smuss1736 get1763 pin1768 grabble1796 bag1818 puckerow1843 nobble1877 jump1882 snaffle1902 snag1962 pull1967 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) i. l. 170 No for the pape thai wald no kyrkis forber Bot gryppyt all be wiolence of wer. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 259 The temporale stait to gryp and gather. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 7114 The Troiens..Haue grippit the goodis. c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) iv. 90 The moir digest and grave, The grydiar to grip it. 1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1733) I. 34 The whillywha's will grip ye'r gear. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. (at cited word) She's like the man's mare; she was ill to grip, and she wasna muckle worth when she was grippit. 1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxvi, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 753 I gripped about a hunder and forty [hares] wi' the grews. b. spec. To seize or encroach upon (land). Scottish. ΚΠ 1602 Min. Dunrossness Distr. Court in Mill Diary (1889) 180 Airthour in Skelberie is fand to have grippit wrang~ouslie ane halff of ane rigg. 1632 Acts of Bailiary in G. Barry Hist. Orkney (1805) App. ix. 473 That no man gripp his neighbours lands under the paine of 10 l. Scots. a1800 Jamie Telfer xii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1890) IV. vii. 6 My lord may grip my vassal-lands. 3. a. absol. and intransitive. To take firm hold; to make a grasp or seizure: to get a grip. literal and figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > hold or holding > hold or grip [verb (intransitive)] > lay hold fang855 hentOE grispc1420 grip1489 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 115 Had ȝe..consideryt his vsage Yat gryppyt ay but gayne-gevyng. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 30 Thay gryp sa fast his geir to get. a1666 R. Blair Life (1848) (modernized text) iii. 56 The thumb in the hand is able to grip and hold against the four fingers. 1728 A. Ramsay Poems II. 183 He..Jobs, changes, lends, extorses, cheats and grips, And no ae Turn of gainfu' Us'ry slips. a1732 T. Boston Memoirs (1776) xii. 436 Like a bird on the side of a wall, gripping with its claws. 1821 W. Scott Let. Feb. (1934) VI. 356 Tell me if the boy..can gripe hard as a Scott should. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Grip,..to hold, as ‘the anchor grips’. 1894 Times 13 July 12/1 The gain was not made in fore-reaching, but in gripping closer to the wind. †b. to grip to: to seize upon, take hold of (literal and figurative) northern and Scottish. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > seizing > seize [verb (transitive)] gripea900 afangOE to lay hands (or hand) on or upon (also in, to)OE repeOE atfonga1000 keepc1000 fang1016 kip1297 seize1338 to seize on or upon1399 to grip toc1400 rapc1415 to rap and rendc1415 comprise1423 forsetc1430 grip1488 to put (one's) hand(s) on (also in, to, unto, upon)1495 compass1509 to catch hold1520 hap1528 to lay hold (up)on, of1535 seisin?c1550 cly1567 scratch1582 attach1590 asseizea1593 grasp1642 to grasp at1677 collar1728 smuss1736 get1763 pin1768 grabble1796 bag1818 puckerow1843 nobble1877 jump1882 snaffle1902 snag1962 pull1967 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 421 Gauan gripped to his ax & gederes hit on hyȝt. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cv^v Gude schir gawane Grippit to schir gologras on the grund grene. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. biiii He grippit to ane grete speir. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 931 Iason grippede graithly to a grym sworde. a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation in Wks. (1846) II. 128 Some war licentious; some had greadelie gripped to the possessionis of the Kirk. 4. transitive. To join firmly to something, as with a ‘grip’, grappling-iron, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > attach or affix [verb (transitive)] > attach firmly gluec1384 strain1387 naila1522 grapple1603 barnacle1863 grip1886 1886 Science 24 Sept. 275 Until the car is gripped to the moving cable, it must depend for its motive power on some other agent. 1887 H. Caine Deemster xxvii. 170 We know your heart was gript to him with grapplins. 5. To close tightly, clench (the teeth, etc.). Also intransitive for reflexive. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > act of drawing body into compact form > drawn into compact form [verb (transitive)] > clench clitchc1025 fasten1559 knit1602 set1602 clinch1624 clench1755 grippen1814 grip1861 ball1890 1861 J. Thomson Ladies of Death iii He grips his teeth, or flings them words of scorn. 1898 G. W. Steevens in Westm. Gaz. 23 Sept. 7/3 Macdonald's jaws gripped and hardened as the flame spurted out again. 6. figurative. To take hold upon (the mind, the emotions); to compel the attention and interest of (a reader, etc.). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > attention > attracting attention > engage the attention [verb (transitive)] exercisea1538 entertainc1540 replenish1548 rouse1583 catcha1586 amuse1586 detainc1595 attract1599 grope1602 concerna1616 take1634 stay1639 engage1642 meet1645 nudge1675 strike1697 hitcha1764 seize1772 interest1780 acuminate1806 arrest1835 grip1891 intrigue1894 grab1966 work1969 1891 H. Herman His Angel 109 An indistinct remembrance dashed upon him and gripped his mind. 1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Romance 13 Charlotte Brontë and George Eliot—yes, she admired them both, but somehow they didn't grip her as Dickens did. absolute.1894 Forum (U.S.) July 587 In other countries, where tradition has gripped more tightly for exclusion [of women from universities].1895 Lit. World Oct. 313/2 Even if the character..is slightly overdrawn the story grips. 7. (See quots. and cf. grip n.¹ 4) dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)] > make into sheaves or bundles sheaf1506 sheave1579 bottle1611 swathe1611 wad1677 gripa1722 tipple1799 tuffle1799 windle1808 a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 405 To Grip or Grip up, to take up the wheat, and put it into sheaf. 1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. Grip, to bind sheaves, Berks. 1888 B. Lowsley Gloss. Berks. Words & Phrases 8. Australian slang. absol. To catch sheep (for the shearer). Cf. gripper n. 2b. ΚΠ 1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 137 One man can ‘grip’ for about ten or twelve clippers. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022). gripv.² Brit. /ɡrɪp/, U.S. /ɡrɪp/ Forms: Also gripe v.² Etymology: < grip n.² Now dialect. transitive. To make ‘grips’ or trenches in; to ditch, trench. Also, to dig (a trench, etc.). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > make trench or ditch groopc1330 dikea1375 pot1595 grip1597 gripe1597 1597 Regulations Manor of Scawby, Lincs. (MS) That euery man doe suffyciently gryppe & trench ouer all his lands in Stauera bottom. 1601 in Stark Hist. Gainsborough (1817) 161 That every man gripp his lands in the corne fields. 1800 Trans. Soc. Arts 18 110 The water furrows were opened by the plough..and finally gripped with the spade wherever it was necessary to a complete drainage. 1884 J. Evans in Archaeologia 48 106 The objects..were found by a man while ‘gripping’ or cutting a deep narrow grip across the ground. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹OEn.²a1000v.¹c950v.²1597
随便看	unconvalesced unconvenable unconvened unconvenience unconvenient unconveniently unconventional unconventionalism unconventionalities unconventionality unconventionally unconventioned unconversable unconversableness unconversant unconversing unconversion unconvert unconverted unconvertibility unconvertible unconvertibly unconveyed unconvict unconvicted

gripn.1

Compounds

Draft additions 1993

Draft additions December 2003

gripn.2

Compounds

gripv.1

gripv.2

gripn.¹

gripn.²

gripv.¹

gripv.²