grueln.

Brit.

/ˈɡruːəl/, U.S.

/ˈɡru(ə)l/

Forms: Middle English gruwel, Middle English growel, growell(e, Middle English–1500s grewel, Middle English–1600s gruell, Middle English grewylle, grwel, grwel(l)e, gruelle, ? gravelle, Middle English– gruel.

Etymology: < Old French gruel (12th cent. in Littré), modern French gruau ground grain, flour, gruel, for *grueau , gruyau < medieval Latin *grūtellum , diminutive of grūtum of Germanic origin: compare Old English grút grout n.¹

1. Fine flour, meal, or other farinaceous substance. Obsolete or dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > flour > [noun] > fine flour

marrow of wheateOE

gruel1333

maine flourc1440

tearc1440

manchet floura1450

pollen1523

amyl1577

blancheen1601

smeddum1808

cones1844

Vienna1868

Spanish white1882

1311 in J. Raine Charters Priory Finchale (1837) p. iv De gruell' sufficientia usque Pascham.]

1333-4 [see Compounds 1].

14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 740/31 Hec polenta, grewylle.

?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe f. lvii It is good to vse grewell, clene barleye [etc.].

1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Gruel, same as Grudgings.

2. A light, liquid food (chiefly used as an article of diet for invalids) made by boiling oatmeal (or occasionally some other farinaceous substance) in water or milk, sometimes with the addition of other ingredients, as butter, sugar, spices, onions, etc. Grantham gruel (see quot. 1818). See also water gruel n. and adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > soup or pottage > gruel or broth for invalids > [noun]

gruel1362

water gruel?c1450

cullisc1460

chicken brothc1540

coulis1603

barley-milk1607

maize-cream1626

chicken water1684

barley-cream1694

thin gruel1699

viper-broth1702

wangracea1733

barley-gruel1769

beef-tea1783

conjee1789

Revalenta1848

skink1880

toast-water1905

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vii. 169 A bolleful of gruwel.

c1400 tr. Lanfranc's Cirurg. 13 He schal ete for his mete growel maad of otemele, eiþir of barli mele wiþ almaundis.

c1450 Middle Eng. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 77 Take otenmele & cow mylke and make grewel.

?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. Aiij Sethynge some grewell, and sterynge the pulment Of peese or frument.

1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. L iv Beane of Egypt..is good..taken wyth beane mele after the maner of grewelle.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Orgée, barlie gruell.

1634 J. Taylor Great Eater of Kent 12 His appetite..neuer..needed the assistance of cawdle, iulep, alebery, cullise, grewell, or stewd-broth.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 82/2 Grewel, is a kind of Broth made only of Water, Grotes brused and Currans, some add Mace, sweet Herbs, Butter and Eggs and Sugar: some call it Pottage Gruel.

1728 E. Young Love of Fame v, in Wks. (1757) I. 123 Cooling gruel, and composing tea.

1791 W. Nicholson tr. J. A. C. Chaptal Elements Chem. III. iv. iii. 102 The Icelanders obtain a very delicate gruel with the fecula of the lichen Icelandicus.

1816 J. Austen Emma I. xii. 221 A basin of nice smooth gruel, thin, but not too thin.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iv, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 86 Thou wilt get naething at night save Grantham gruel, nine grots and a gallon of water.

1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 28 A sinful preference of roast mutton over gruel.

in extended use.a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. i. 32 Make the Grewell thicke, and slab. 1842 R. H. Barham St. Medard in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 286 And he hurl'd it straight At the Saint's bald pate, To knock out ‘the gruel he call'd his brains’.proverbial.c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 662 (711) So thriue I this nyght shal I make it wel, Or casten al þe Growel in þe fyre.

†3. Broth or pottage of oatmeal in which chopped meat has been boiled. Commonly gruel forced (aforced, enforced), gruel (of) force, or gruel of beef, etc. Similarly gruel of almonds. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > soup or pottage > [noun] > soup of oatmeal and meat

gruel?c1390

?c1390 Form of Cury (1780) 12 For to make grewel forced. Take grewel, and do to the fyre with gode flessh, and seeþ it well.

14.. Noble Bk. Cookry (1882) 88 To mak grewelle enforced tak mary bones and freche brothe and mak grewelle and draw them throughe a strener, then tak [etc.].

c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 6 Gruelle a-forsydde.

c1450 Two Cookery-bks. 70 Growelle fforce. Take Growell y-made of ffresh beef.

c1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 519 Growelle of force Gravelle of beeff or motoun, haue ye no care.

a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 47 For gruel of fors. Fyrst take porke, wele þou hit sethe With otene grotes.

a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 20 (heading) Gruel of Porke.

a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 14 Gruel of Almondes. Take almondes unblanchid and bray hom sone, Put ote mele to..And grynde alle sammen.

1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. A.vi Tansey is good hote wortes or gruell of befe or of motton is good.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Grewell, forced or stewed broth, offella.

1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Pulmentaris cibus, chopped meate made with pottage or broth: forced gruell.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 63 If a thicke grewell or sew be made thereof,..it cureth the pleurisie or paines of the sides.

4. to have or get one's gruel: to receive one's punishment, to get killed. So to take one's gruel, to give (a person) his gruel. colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > execute [verb (transitive)]

slayc1175

to put to deatha1450

to hang, draw, and quarter1465

strikec1480

execute1483

justify1531

execution1565

scaffold1716

to have or get one's gruel1797

society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > execute [verb (intransitive)] > be put to death

to die the death1535

suffer1570

to have or get one's gruel1797

to take one's gruel1898

1797 M. Robinson Walsingham IV. 26 My pupil talked of nothing but of returning to Devizes, to ‘give the ostler his gruel’ for having taken him in.

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 100 He gathered..that they expressed great indignation against some individual. ‘He shall have his gruel’, said one.

1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XI xvi. 111 I've got my gruel!

1851 C. Kingsley Yeast viii They've done for me, Paul. Old Harry's got his gruel.

1898 A. Conan Doyle Trag. Korosko 192 What have we to hope for? We may just as well take our gruel.

Compounds

C1. attributive, as gruel-dish, gruel-meal, gruel-pot, gruel-sieve.

ΚΠ

1333–4 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 525 In 3 cribris empt. pro granario et uno Growelseve et uno colour pro pistrina.

14.. in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 82 He fell doun..into a gruell potte.

14.. in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 83 These iij kyngus ete but of wone gruell dysche.

a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry V cccxlvi, in Poems (1878) IV. 187 'Tis a strange Gutt, that for a Gruell Meale Resigns her Birthright.

C2.

gruel-tree n. dialect (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1825–80 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Gruel-tree, the stick used for stirring the porridge.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

gruelv.

Brit.

/ˈɡruːəl/, U.S.

/ˈɡru(ə)l/

Etymology: < gruel n.

1. transitive. To exhaust or disable; to ‘punish’. (Cf. gruel n. 4.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (transitive)]

wearyc897

tirea1000

travailc1300

forwearya1325

taryc1375

tarc1440

matec1450

break1483

labour1496

overwearya1500

wear?1507

to wear out, forth1525

fatigate1535

stress1540

overtire1558

forwaste1563

to tire out1563

overwear1578

spend1582

out-tire1596

outwear1596

outweary1596

overspend1596

to toil out1596

attediate1603

bejade1620

lassate1623

harassa1626

overtask1628

tax1672

hag1674

trash1685

hatter1687

overtax1692

fatigue1693

to knock up1740

tire to death1740

overfatigue1741

fag1774

outdo1776

to do over1789

to use up1790

jade1798

overdo1817

frazzlea1825

worry1828

to sew up1837

to wear to death1840

to take it (also a lot, too much, etc.) out of (a person)1847

gruel1850

to stump up1853

exhaust1860

finish1864

peter1869

knacker1886

grind1887

tew1893

crease1925

poop1931

raddle1951

1850 C. Kingsley Alton Locke I. xii. 188 Wadham ran up by the side of that first Trinity yesterday, and he said that they were as well gruelled as so many posters, before they got to the stile.

1877 Punch 24 Mar. 129 The Crews were drinking each other's healths, in the vain attempt of each to gruel the other before the race.

2. To feed with gruel.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (transitive)] > feed with specific food

diet1362

put1620

gruel1804

pap-feed1809

chicken-broth1856

soup1857

1804 tr. J. H. F. La Martelière Three Gil Blas I. 69 You see..a man who has been confined to his bed a fortnight, consequently well plaistered and gruelled.

1892 Longman's Mag. July 319 I had better halt and gruel my exhausted mount.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	gruel
释义	grueln. Brit. /ˈɡruːəl/, U.S. /ˈɡru(ə)l/ Forms: Middle English gruwel, Middle English growel, growell(e, Middle English–1500s grewel, Middle English–1600s gruell, Middle English grewylle, grwel, grwel(l)e, gruelle, ? gravelle, Middle English– gruel. Etymology: < Old French gruel (12th cent. in Littré), modern French gruau ground grain, flour, gruel, for grueau , gruyau* < medieval Latin grūtellum , diminutive of grūtum* of Germanic origin: compare Old English grút grout n.¹ 1. Fine flour, meal, or other farinaceous substance. Obsolete or dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > flour > [noun] > fine flour marrow of wheateOE gruel1333 maine flourc1440 tearc1440 manchet floura1450 pollen1523 amyl1577 blancheen1601 smeddum1808 cones1844 Vienna1868 Spanish white1882 1311 in J. Raine Charters Priory Finchale (1837) p. iv De gruell' sufficientia usque Pascham.] 1333-4 [see Compounds 1]. 14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 740/31 Hec polenta, grewylle. ?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe f. lvii It is good to vse grewell, clene barleye [etc.]. 1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Gruel, same as Grudgings. 2. A light, liquid food (chiefly used as an article of diet for invalids) made by boiling oatmeal (or occasionally some other farinaceous substance) in water or milk, sometimes with the addition of other ingredients, as butter, sugar, spices, onions, etc. Grantham gruel (see quot. 1818). See also water gruel n. and adj. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > soup or pottage > gruel or broth for invalids > [noun] gruel1362 water gruel?c1450 cullisc1460 chicken brothc1540 coulis1603 barley-milk1607 maize-cream1626 chicken water1684 barley-cream1694 thin gruel1699 viper-broth1702 wangracea1733 barley-gruel1769 beef-tea1783 conjee1789 Revalenta1848 skink1880 toast-water1905 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vii. 169 A bolleful of gruwel. c1400 tr. Lanfranc's Cirurg. 13 He schal ete for his mete growel maad of otemele, eiþir of barli mele wiþ almaundis. c1450 Middle Eng. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 77 Take otenmele & cow mylke and make grewel. ?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. Aiij Sethynge some grewell, and sterynge the pulment Of peese or frument. 1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. L iv Beane of Egypt..is good..taken wyth beane mele after the maner of grewelle. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Orgée, barlie gruell. 1634 J. Taylor Great Eater of Kent 12 His appetite..neuer..needed the assistance of cawdle, iulep, alebery, cullise, grewell, or stewd-broth. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 82/2 Grewel, is a kind of Broth made only of Water, Grotes brused and Currans, some add Mace, sweet Herbs, Butter and Eggs and Sugar: some call it Pottage Gruel. 1728 E. Young Love of Fame v, in Wks. (1757) I. 123 Cooling gruel, and composing tea. 1791 W. Nicholson tr. J. A. C. Chaptal Elements Chem. III. iv. iii. 102 The Icelanders obtain a very delicate gruel with the fecula of the lichen Icelandicus. 1816 J. Austen Emma I. xii. 221 A basin of nice smooth gruel, thin, but not too thin. View more context for this quotation 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iv, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 86 Thou wilt get naething at night save Grantham gruel, nine grots and a gallon of water. 1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 28 A sinful preference of roast mutton over gruel. in extended use.a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. i. 32 Make the Grewell thicke, and slab. View more context for this quotation1842 R. H. Barham St. Medard in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 286 And he hurl'd it straight At the Saint's bald pate, To knock out ‘the gruel he call'd his brains’.proverbial.c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 662 (711) So thriue I this nyght shal I make it wel, Or casten al þe Growel in þe fyre. †3. Broth or pottage of oatmeal in which chopped meat has been boiled. Commonly gruel forced (aforced, enforced), gruel (of) force, or gruel of beef, etc. Similarly gruel of almonds. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > soup or pottage > [noun] > soup of oatmeal and meat gruel?c1390 ?c1390 Form of Cury (1780) 12 For to make grewel forced. Take grewel, and do to the fyre with gode flessh, and seeþ it well. 14.. Noble Bk. Cookry (1882) 88 To mak grewelle enforced tak mary bones and freche brothe and mak grewelle and draw them throughe a strener, then tak [etc.]. c1430 Two Cookery-bks. 6 Gruelle a-forsydde. c1450 Two Cookery-bks. 70 Growelle fforce. Take Growell y-made of ffresh beef. c1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 519 Growelle of force Gravelle of beeff or motoun, haue ye no care. a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 47 For gruel of fors. Fyrst take porke, wele þou hit sethe With otene grotes. a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 20 (heading) Gruel of Porke. a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 14 Gruel of Almondes. Take almondes unblanchid and bray hom sone, Put ote mele to..And grynde alle sammen. 1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. A.vi Tansey is good hote wortes or gruell of befe or of motton is good. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Grewell, forced or stewed broth, offella. 1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Pulmentaris cibus, chopped meate made with pottage or broth: forced gruell. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 63 If a thicke grewell or sew be made thereof,..it cureth the pleurisie or paines of the sides. 4. to have or get one's gruel: to receive one's punishment, to get killed. So to take one's gruel, to give (a person) his gruel. colloquial. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > execute [verb (transitive)] slayc1175 to put to deatha1450 to hang, draw, and quarter1465 strikec1480 execute1483 justify1531 execution1565 scaffold1716 to have or get one's gruel1797 society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > execute [verb (intransitive)] > be put to death to die the death1535 suffer1570 to have or get one's gruel1797 to take one's gruel1898 1797 M. Robinson Walsingham IV. 26 My pupil talked of nothing but of returning to Devizes, to ‘give the ostler his gruel’ for having taken him in. 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 100 He gathered..that they expressed great indignation against some individual. ‘He shall have his gruel’, said one. 1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XI xvi. 111 I've got my gruel! 1851 C. Kingsley Yeast viii They've done for me, Paul. Old Harry's got his gruel. 1898 A. Conan Doyle Trag. Korosko 192 What have we to hope for? We may just as well take our gruel. Compounds C1. attributive, as gruel-dish, gruel-meal, gruel-pot, gruel-sieve. ΚΠ 1333–4 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 525 In 3 cribris empt. pro granario et uno Growelseve et uno colour pro pistrina. 14.. in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 82 He fell doun..into a gruell potte. 14.. in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 83 These iij kyngus ete but of wone gruell dysche. a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry V cccxlvi, in Poems (1878) IV. 187 'Tis a strange Gutt, that for a Gruell Meale Resigns her Birthright. C2. gruel-tree n. dialect (see quot.). ΚΠ 1825–80 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Gruel-tree, the stick used for stirring the porridge. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022). gruelv. Brit. /ˈɡruːəl/, U.S. /ˈɡru(ə)l/ Etymology: < gruel n. 1. transitive. To exhaust or disable; to ‘punish’. (Cf. gruel n. 4.) ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (transitive)] wearyc897 tirea1000 travailc1300 forwearya1325 taryc1375 tarc1440 matec1450 break1483 labour1496 overwearya1500 wear?1507 to wear out, forth1525 fatigate1535 stress1540 overtire1558 forwaste1563 to tire out1563 overwear1578 spend1582 out-tire1596 outwear1596 outweary1596 overspend1596 to toil out1596 attediate1603 bejade1620 lassate1623 harassa1626 overtask1628 tax1672 hag1674 trash1685 hatter1687 overtax1692 fatigue1693 to knock up1740 tire to death1740 overfatigue1741 fag1774 outdo1776 to do over1789 to use up1790 jade1798 overdo1817 frazzlea1825 worry1828 to sew up1837 to wear to death1840 to take it (also a lot, too much, etc.) out of (a person)1847 gruel1850 to stump up1853 exhaust1860 finish1864 peter1869 knacker1886 grind1887 tew1893 crease1925 poop1931 raddle1951 1850 C. Kingsley Alton Locke I. xii. 188 Wadham ran up by the side of that first Trinity yesterday, and he said that they were as well gruelled as so many posters, before they got to the stile. 1877 Punch 24 Mar. 129 The Crews were drinking each other's healths, in the vain attempt of each to gruel the other before the race. 2. To feed with gruel.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (transitive)] > feed with specific food diet1362 put1620 gruel1804 pap-feed1809 chicken-broth1856 soup1857 1804 tr. J. H. F. La Martelière Three Gil Blas I. 69 You see..a man who has been confined to his bed a fortnight, consequently well plaistered and gruelled. 1892 Longman's Mag. July 319 I had better halt and gruel my exhausted mount. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1333v.1804
随便看	bhils bhindi bhindi tree bhisti bhoodan bhorizon bhotia bhotian bhotias bhotiya bhotiyas bhoy bhp bhungi bhusa bhut bhutanese bhutia bhutias bhuts bi bi and bi bi bim bap bi- bi-alate