gristlen.

/ˈɡrɪs(ə)l/

Forms: Old English– gristle, Middle English grystil, gristyll, ( grusle), Middle English gristil, Middle English grystyl(le, 1500s gristel, gristell(e, gristill, grystell, gressell, 1500s–1700s grissel(l, (1600s crissel, cristle, grisle, 1700s grissle). β. Middle English northern girstelle, Scottish1500s girssill, 1700s girsle.

Etymology: Old English gristle = Old Frisian gristel, gristl, grestel, gerstel, East Frisian grössel, grüssel, Middle Low German gristel, Middle High German gruschel; cognate with Old English grost gristle (Leiden glosses); synonymous forms of similar sound are Old High German c(h)rustula, -ila, crostila, -ela, -illa; chrustilîn, crustili (Middle High German krostel, krossel, krosel, krustel; also kruspel, krospel). The mutual relation of these forms, and the etymology, are obscure.

a. A tough flexible tissue, of a whitish colour, in vertebrate animals; = cartilage n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > [noun] > as substance

gristlea700

ground-sopec725

crushelc1440

cartilage?1541

a700 Epinal Gloss. 174 Cartilaga,..næsgristlae.

a800 Erfurt Gloss. 350 Cartilago, naesgristle.

c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 158/22 Cartilago, gristle.

c1050 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 414/1 Gartilago, gristle.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. lix. 175 Grystyll is tendernes of the bones and is callyd cartilago in latyn.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 213/2 Grystylle of the nose, cartilago.

1483 Cath. Angl. 157/1 A Girstelle, cartilago.

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxxiii The hawe is a sorance in a horse eye, and is lyke a grystell.

1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health cxli. 126 The Eares are nothing else but gristill and skinne.

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 943 Very thin bones and gristle bound or vnited by Synchondrosis.

a1711 T. Ken Hymnotheo i, in Wks. (1721) III. 21 The soft spinal Gristle of his Back, He turns and winds.

1776–96 W. Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 47 Leaves egg-spear-shaped..serratures like gristle.

1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. viii. 126 The ends of the bones which work against each other, are tipped with gristle.

1844 W. B. Carpenter Animal Physiol. i. 42 Another tissue of which cells form the principal part, is that termed cartilage or gristle.

b. figurative with reference to the gristly nature of the bones in infancy. in the gristle: in an initiatory, unformed, or embryonic stage of existence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > at the beginning [phrase] > in early stage

embryon1581

in (the) embryon1607

in embryo1631

in the bud1677

in the gristle1775

1775 E. Burke Speech Resol. for Concil. Colonies 14 A people who are still, as it were, but in the gristle, and not yet hardened into the bone of manhood.

1865 Morning Star 22 May As yet, of course, this business is in the gristle.

1880 ‘E. Kirke’ Life J. A. Garfield 46 Talleyrand once said to the first Napoleon that ‘the United States was a giant without bones’. Since that time our gristle has been rapidly hardening.

a. A structure or formation consisting of such tissue; a gristly part; = cartilage n. 1b (Now rare in plural.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > [noun]

gristlea1240

gristle-bone1398

cartilage?1541

a1240 Sawles Warde in Cott. Hom. 251 Tadden and froggen þe freoteð ham ut te ehnen ant te nease gristles.

c1325 Gloss. W. de Bibbysw. in Wright Voc. 145 Un tendroun, a gristel.

a1400 Coer de L. 2144 The emperour of evil trusle Carved off his nose by the grusle.

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 23 A gristil is cold & drie, & is neischere þan a boon.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xlii. 140 Y^e grystell of his nose as grete as the mossell of an oxe.

1574 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1814) III. 87 Gif thay happin tobe convicted, To be adiugeit tobe..burnt throw the girssill of the rycht eare w^t ane het Irne.

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 13 b/2 The synnues, Tendones, and Cartilages or grissells.

1601 A. Munday & H. Chettle Death Earle of Huntington sig. G^v Is this a pawe..To holde a tender hand in?.. Looke I pray, His armes are gristles.

1658 W. Johnson tr. F. Würtz Surgeons Guid ii. xxv. 152 The bones and crissels of the Nose.

1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery xii. 126 Take six Pounds of good Pork, free from Skin and Gristles and Fat.

1820 P. B. Shelley Œdipus Tyrannus i. 11 To..fill our colons With rich blood, or make brawn out of our gristles.

1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel II. xii. 285 We would slit it [sc. the nose] up to the gristle.

†b. In various transferred senses: (see quots.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > nut > [noun] > kernel

nut kerneleOE

kernelc1000

gristle?1537

kern1570

nucleus1704

nut-meat1860

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > nut > [noun] > kernel

nut kerneleOE

gristle?1537

kern1570

almond1675

nut-meat1860

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > gum (resin) > specific

myrrheOE

balsamc1000

galbanec1000

draganta1300

sandragon1334

gum arabica1350

storaxa1382

galbanum1382

asafœtidaa1398

cinnabara1398

guttaa1398

frankincensea1400

labdanuma1400

opopanaxa1400

gum-arabicc1400

sarcocolc1400

ammoniacc1420

gristle?1537

ladanum1551

dragon's blood1555

benzoin1558

styrax1558

tragacanth1558

gum tragacanth1562

amber1565

anime1577

laser1578

benjamin1580

sarcocolla1584

bdellium1585

sagapenum1597

liquidambar1598

red gum1614

gamboge1615

laudanum1616

gum ammoniac1627

male incense1647

sandarac1655

flesh-glue1659

adragant1696

dammar1698

sagapen1712

gum-dragon1718

courbaril1753

gum-senegal1760

Jew's frankincense1760

guggul1813

angico1821

gum-kino1830

butea gum1832

piney varnish1832

Kuteera gum1838

acaroid1839

bumbo1839

thus1842

gum-juniper1844

piney dammar1846

acacine1855

mochras1856

talha1857

copalm balsam1858

gum benjamin1859

wattle-gum1863

Senegal gum1867

Suakin1874

Barbary gum1875

oliva1882

ledon1885

jatoba1890

mimosa gum1890

xylan1894

gum accroides1909

karaya1916

?1537 T. Elyot Castell of Helthe ii. xiii. f. 32 The kernelles and gristell, whiche are in the rootes, if they be welle dygested, they make good nouryshement.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. xxv. 308 The best Ammoniacum..pure and without shardes, splinters, or stonie gristels or gravell.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. cxiv. 307 Galbanum is also a gumme or liquor..and the best is gristel, or betwixt hard and soft.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 85/1 The Gristle of the Walnut is that as lies between the two halves of the kernel, within the shell.

1786 R. Burns Poems 202 To conclude my lang epistle, As my auld pen's worn to the grissle.

c. Scottish. The nose.

ΚΠ

1790 A. Wilson Poems 209 Whyles a glass to heet my gab, An' snuff to smart my girsle.

†3. figurative. A tender or delicate person. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > sick person > [noun] > weak person

dwininga1400

molla1425

impotenta1513

gristlea1556

weakling1576

puler1579

puling1579

shadow1588

shotten herring1598

doddle1681

sickrel1699

seven-months1724

wandought1726

wallydraigle1736

wreck1795

werewolf1808

windlestraw1818

weed1825

shammock1828

sickling1834

forcible feeble1844

dwindle1847

weedling1849

crock1876

feebling1887

asthenic1893

dodderer1907

pencil-neck1956

burnt-out case1959

weakie1959

a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) i. iv. sig. C.j Ah sir, be good to hir, she is but a gristle, Ah sweete lambe and coney.

1591 J. Lyly Endimion v. ii. sig. I^v Samias We will helpe you to find a young Ladie[.] Tophas I loue no grissels... I desire olde Matrons.

1624 P. Massinger Bond-man i. iii. sig. D I am a grissell, and these Spider fingers, Will neuer hold a Sword.

a1652 R. Brome Mad Couple Well Match'd v. ii. sig. G6^v, in Five New Playes (1653) Alas y'are but a grissell, Weake picking meat.

Compounds

C1. attributive, as †gristle-ring.

ΚΠ

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 148 In þe fore partie of þe brest þere is sett þe canne of þe lungis, þe which is compounned of gristil ryngis bounde togidere wiþ pannicleris ligamentis.

1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 22 Oct. 11/1 Four other eighty thousands not yet reached manhood and womanhood, or gone beyond the gristle stage.

C2.

† gristle-bone n. Obsolete = sense 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > [noun]

gristlea1240

gristle-bone1398

cartilage?1541

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. xii. 116 Whan the voys of thayer smyte to the grystil-boon, there it is gretly holpe.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 106/1 Cruschylbone, or grystylbone, cartilago.

1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos vii. T iij b While the poyson..gropes her gristlebones, and venim droppes her sences drinkes.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	gristle
释义	gristlen. /ˈɡrɪs(ə)l/ Forms: Old English– gristle, Middle English grystil, gristyll, ( grusle), Middle English gristil, Middle English grystyl(le, 1500s gristel, gristell(e, gristill, grystell, gressell, 1500s–1700s grissel(l, (1600s crissel, cristle, grisle, 1700s grissle). β. Middle English northern girstelle, Scottish1500s girssill, 1700s girsle. Etymology: Old English gristle = Old Frisian gristel, gristl, grestel, gerstel, East Frisian grössel, grüssel, Middle Low German gristel, Middle High German gruschel; cognate with Old English grost gristle (Leiden glosses); synonymous forms of similar sound are Old High German c(h)rustula, -ila, crostila, -ela, -illa; chrustilîn, crustili (Middle High German krostel, krossel, krosel, krustel; also kruspel, krospel). The mutual relation of these forms, and the etymology, are obscure. 1. a. A tough flexible tissue, of a whitish colour, in vertebrate animals; = cartilage n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > [noun] > as substance gristlea700 ground-sopec725 crushelc1440 cartilage?1541 a700 Epinal Gloss. 174 Cartilaga,..næsgristlae. a800 Erfurt Gloss. 350 Cartilago, naesgristle. c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 158/22 Cartilago, gristle. c1050 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 414/1 Gartilago, gristle. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. lix. 175 Grystyll is tendernes of the bones and is callyd cartilago in latyn. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 213/2 Grystylle of the nose, cartilago. 1483 Cath. Angl. 157/1 A Girstelle, cartilago. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxxiii The hawe is a sorance in a horse eye, and is lyke a grystell. 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health cxli. 126 The Eares are nothing else but gristill and skinne. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 943 Very thin bones and gristle bound or vnited by Synchondrosis. a1711 T. Ken Hymnotheo i, in Wks. (1721) III. 21 The soft spinal Gristle of his Back, He turns and winds. 1776–96 W. Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 47 Leaves egg-spear-shaped..serratures like gristle. 1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. viii. 126 The ends of the bones which work against each other, are tipped with gristle. 1844 W. B. Carpenter Animal Physiol. i. 42 Another tissue of which cells form the principal part, is that termed cartilage or gristle. b. figurative with reference to the gristly nature of the bones in infancy. in the gristle: in an initiatory, unformed, or embryonic stage of existence. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > at the beginning [phrase] > in early stage embryon1581 in (the) embryon1607 in embryo1631 in the bud1677 in the gristle1775 1775 E. Burke Speech Resol. for Concil. Colonies 14 A people who are still, as it were, but in the gristle, and not yet hardened into the bone of manhood. 1865 Morning Star 22 May As yet, of course, this business is in the gristle. 1880 ‘E. Kirke’ Life J. A. Garfield 46 Talleyrand once said to the first Napoleon that ‘the United States was a giant without bones’. Since that time our gristle has been rapidly hardening. 2. a. A structure or formation consisting of such tissue; a gristly part; = cartilage n. 1b (Now rare in plural.) ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > [noun] gristlea1240 gristle-bone1398 cartilage?1541 a1240 Sawles Warde in Cott. Hom. 251 Tadden and froggen þe freoteð ham ut te ehnen ant te nease gristles. c1325 Gloss. W. de Bibbysw. in Wright Voc. 145 Un tendroun, a gristel. a1400 Coer de L. 2144 The emperour of evil trusle Carved off his nose by the grusle. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 23 A gristil is cold & drie, & is neischere þan a boon. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xlii. 140 Y^e grystell of his nose as grete as the mossell of an oxe. 1574 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1814) III. 87 Gif thay happin tobe convicted, To be adiugeit tobe..burnt throw the girssill of the rycht eare w^t ane het Irne. 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 13 b/2 The synnues, Tendones, and Cartilages or grissells. 1601 A. Munday & H. Chettle Death Earle of Huntington sig. G^v Is this a pawe..To holde a tender hand in?.. Looke I pray, His armes are gristles. 1658 W. Johnson tr. F. Würtz Surgeons Guid ii. xxv. 152 The bones and crissels of the Nose. 1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery xii. 126 Take six Pounds of good Pork, free from Skin and Gristles and Fat. 1820 P. B. Shelley Œdipus Tyrannus i. 11 To..fill our colons With rich blood, or make brawn out of our gristles. 1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel II. xii. 285 We would slit it [sc. the nose] up to the gristle. †b. In various transferred senses: (see quots.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > nut > [noun] > kernel nut kerneleOE kernelc1000 gristle?1537 kern1570 nucleus1704 nut-meat1860 the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > nut > [noun] > kernel nut kerneleOE gristle?1537 kern1570 almond1675 nut-meat1860 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > gum (resin) > specific myrrheOE balsamc1000 galbanec1000 draganta1300 sandragon1334 gum arabica1350 storaxa1382 galbanum1382 asafœtidaa1398 cinnabara1398 guttaa1398 frankincensea1400 labdanuma1400 opopanaxa1400 gum-arabicc1400 sarcocolc1400 ammoniacc1420 gristle?1537 ladanum1551 dragon's blood1555 benzoin1558 styrax1558 tragacanth1558 gum tragacanth1562 amber1565 anime1577 laser1578 benjamin1580 sarcocolla1584 bdellium1585 sagapenum1597 liquidambar1598 red gum1614 gamboge1615 laudanum1616 gum ammoniac1627 male incense1647 sandarac1655 flesh-glue1659 adragant1696 dammar1698 sagapen1712 gum-dragon1718 courbaril1753 gum-senegal1760 Jew's frankincense1760 guggul1813 angico1821 gum-kino1830 butea gum1832 piney varnish1832 Kuteera gum1838 acaroid1839 bumbo1839 thus1842 gum-juniper1844 piney dammar1846 acacine1855 mochras1856 talha1857 copalm balsam1858 gum benjamin1859 wattle-gum1863 Senegal gum1867 Suakin1874 Barbary gum1875 oliva1882 ledon1885 jatoba1890 mimosa gum1890 xylan1894 gum accroides1909 karaya1916 ?1537 T. Elyot Castell of Helthe ii. xiii. f. 32 The kernelles and gristell, whiche are in the rootes, if they be welle dygested, they make good nouryshement. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. xxv. 308 The best Ammoniacum..pure and without shardes, splinters, or stonie gristels or gravell. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. cxiv. 307 Galbanum is also a gumme or liquor..and the best is gristel, or betwixt hard and soft. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 85/1 The Gristle of the Walnut is that as lies between the two halves of the kernel, within the shell. 1786 R. Burns Poems 202 To conclude my lang epistle, As my auld pen's worn to the grissle. c. Scottish. The nose. ΚΠ 1790 A. Wilson Poems 209 Whyles a glass to heet my gab, An' snuff to smart my girsle. †3. figurative. A tender or delicate person. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > sick person > [noun] > weak person dwininga1400 molla1425 impotenta1513 gristlea1556 weakling1576 puler1579 puling1579 shadow1588 shotten herring1598 doddle1681 sickrel1699 seven-months1724 wandought1726 wallydraigle1736 wreck1795 werewolf1808 windlestraw1818 weed1825 shammock1828 sickling1834 forcible feeble1844 dwindle1847 weedling1849 crock1876 feebling1887 asthenic1893 dodderer1907 pencil-neck1956 burnt-out case1959 weakie1959 a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) i. iv. sig. C.j Ah sir, be good to hir, she is but a gristle, Ah sweete lambe and coney. 1591 J. Lyly Endimion v. ii. sig. I^v Samias We will helpe you to find a young Ladie[.] Tophas I loue no grissels... I desire olde Matrons. 1624 P. Massinger Bond-man i. iii. sig. D I am a grissell, and these Spider fingers, Will neuer hold a Sword. a1652 R. Brome Mad Couple Well Match'd v. ii. sig. G6^v, in Five New Playes (1653) Alas y'are but a grissell, Weake picking meat. Compounds C1. attributive, as †gristle-ring. ΚΠ c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 148 In þe fore partie of þe brest þere is sett þe canne of þe lungis, þe which is compounned of gristil ryngis bounde togidere wiþ pannicleris ligamentis. 1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 22 Oct. 11/1 Four other eighty thousands not yet reached manhood and womanhood, or gone beyond the gristle stage. C2. † gristle-bone n. Obsolete = sense 2. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > [noun] gristlea1240 gristle-bone1398 cartilage?1541 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. xii. 116 Whan the voys of thayer smyte to the grystil-boon, there it is gretly holpe. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 106/1 Cruschylbone, or grystylbone, cartilago. 1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos vii. T iij b While the poyson..gropes her gristlebones, and venim droppes her sences drinkes. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a700
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